2009高三英语词法类复习
一. 冠 词
1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法
泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物．也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：
单数可数名词一定要用冠词 泛指单一，每一，仁义事物
指类别
特指 上文提到过的事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的事物
说话双方所默认的事物
世界上独一无二的事物
指类别
复数可数名词不可数名词 特指 上文提到过的事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的事物
说话双方所默认的事物
零冠词 泛指的一些事物
指类别
不定冠词修饰可数名词．其意思为"一个"；定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指．其意思相当于"这个"，单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。这时不妨可用"一个"或"这个(种)"来检验。
（1）---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.
---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
（2）Most animal have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /
2．不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法
（1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。
（2）不定冠词s(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。
Before I go to work every morning, I've a light breakfast.
我每天早晨上班前．吃点简单的早餐。
（3）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.
车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。
（4）不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。
How important it is to learn a second language!
再学一门语言是多么重要啊!
（5）不定冠词a(n)表示"per"的意思。
His income is one thousand yuan a month.
他的月收入是1000元。
（6）不定冠词a(n)用于有good／great many修饰的名词复数前。
I've visited the Great Wall a good many times.
我参观过长城好多次。 '
（7）不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。
A thousand miles is a good distance.
一千英里是相当远的距离。
（8）不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前。
Let's have a walk around the playground after supper.
晚饭后，让我们围着操场散步吧!
（9）有一些抽象名词：advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)，fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤害)等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。
Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign language well.
卡尔?马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。
（10）用在某些固定词组中。
A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒).
3．用冠词与不用冠词的差异
在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。
at table 进餐
at the table 在桌子旁
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院里
by sea 乘船（由海路）
by the sea 在海边
go to sea 当水手
go to the sea 去海边
in future 从今以后，将来
in the future 未来
on earth 究竟
on the earth 在地球上，在世上
go to school (church…) 上学（做礼拜…）
go to the school (church…) 到学校（教堂）去
in front of 在…（外部的）前面
in the front of 在…（内部的）前面
on horseback 骑着马
on the horseback 在马背上
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
two of us 我们当中的两人
the two of us 我们两人（共计两人）
out of question 毫无疑问，一定（巧记：无the无问题）
out of the question 不可能（巧记：有the有问题）
on the whole = in general 大体上，一般地
as a whole = altogether 全部地，整体
A most important meeting 一个重要的会议
the most important meeting 最重要的会议
A third time 又一次
the third time 第三次
at a distance 稍远一些
in the distance 在远处
A number of 许多
the number of …的数目
for a moment 一会儿
for the moment 目前，暂时
be in charge of 负责…
be in the charge of 由…负责，在…掌管之下
by day 在白天
by the day 按日计算
in possession of 拥有
in the possession of 为…所有
in sight of 能看见
in the sight of 据…的见解
in place of 代替
in the place of 在…的地方
be of age 成年
be of an age 同龄
take advice 征求意见
take the advice 听从劝告
He is still in office. 他仍在执政
He is still in the office. 他仍在办公室里
1. Paper money was in _____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____thirteenth century.
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /
2. It is not rare in _____ that people in _____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; . D. the 90s; their
3. Summer in _____ south of France are for _____ most part dry and sunny.
A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the
4. Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they hunt
them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he
5. Mr. Smith, there's a man at _____ front door who says he has _____ news for you of great
importance.
A. file: / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the
6. The warmth of _____ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _____ wood used.
A. the; file B. die; / C. /; / D. /;/
7. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg.
A. a B one C. the D. his
8. I don't like talking on _____ telephone. I prefer writing _____ letters.
A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /
9. Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand that is quite _____.exciting experience.
A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the
10. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word
formation.
A. / B. the C. a D. one
11. The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too
small
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
12. There' s _____ dictionary on _____ desk by your side.
A, a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
13. ---Where is my blue shirt?
---It' s in the washing machine. You have to wear _____ different one.
A. any B. the C. a D. other
14. The sign reads "In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push _____ red button.
A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a
15. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the
二.名词
一、考点聚焦
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
（1）规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomaches。
③以"辅音字母 + y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet,
woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - book-
stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women dri-
vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes, deer -
deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。
（2）不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods
货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,
cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。
2、不可数名词的数
（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者
失败是成功之母。
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow's meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
（1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：
3 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today's
newspaper,five minutes'walk(drive),five pounds'weight, tend
ollars'worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earth's planet, the word's population, China's industry, New York's parks。
（2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：
①表示"部分"时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhang's have gone to college.
②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思时，用：a friend of Tom's
汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/
those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary's/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
（2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
二、精典名题导解
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how + 形容词（副词）+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。
2. The police are offering a _________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.
A.price B.prize C.reward D.money
解析：答案为C。price 价格，价钱；prize奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是"酬金，报酬"。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。
3.You'll find this map of great ___________in helping you to get round London.
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及"be of + 抽象名词"结构。Price (价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作"quality of being useful or desirable"解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为"有用，有价值"。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中"of + 抽象名词"相当于该名词的形容词形式。
练习.名词
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes
4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief's
B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief's
C. editors-in-chiefs, editor's-in-chief's
D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief's
5. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
6. He doesn't like ____ for supper.
A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
A. so B. such C. so as D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at the camp gate.
A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.
A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands
15. Two ____, please.
A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
16. I can't pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.
A. Man's B. Men's C. Mens' D. Person's
18.I stayed at ____.
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wang's home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.
A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe's
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper B. newspaper today
C. newspaper of today D. today's newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn't made me tired.
A. hour B. hours C. hour's D. hours'
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary's
C. Julia's and Mary's D. Julia's and Mary
23. Li Ming's handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone's B. anyone else C. anyone's else's D. anyone else's
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____.
A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.
A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information B. news C. message D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.
A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.
A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official B. official, office
C. officer, office D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character
35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital.
A. every other days B. each other day
C. every other day D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now.
A. be B. is C. are D. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people.
A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looks B. seems C. is D. are
43. "Where ____ my trousers?" the boy asked.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spirits B. in nice spiritC. in high spirits D. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses
46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
47. We are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made of ____.
A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass
C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses
49. I'll have to buy ____ trousers.
A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of
50. There are two ____ in our class.
A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu's D. Lius'
51. ____ is needed in cold countries.
A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing
C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes
52. They are ____.
A. mathematics student B. mathematic students
C. students in mathematics D. mathematics students
53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反应）.
A. mouses' B. mice C. mices' D. mice's
54. This letter was sent by ____.
A. my father friend B. my father friend's
C. a friend of my father's D. a friend of my father
55. Ten years had passed. I found she had ____.
A. a little white hair B. some white hair
C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs
56. I have made ____ with Billy.
A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend
57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi'an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small
58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.
A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers
59. He had tried everything but it made little______ .
A. use B. good C. difference D. result
60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man.
A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry
61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .
A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value
62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time.
A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention
63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ .
A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course
64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene
65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?
A. situation B. place C. part D. position
67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.
A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation
68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation
69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.
A. energy B. force C. power D. materials
71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A. Contrast B. Competition
C. Contact D. Combination
72. We all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
三.代词
1)人称代词：
人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. / Please pass me the ruler.
①人称代词的用法：
a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时，两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.
It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.
注:人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。
you, he and I them and us
如有其他代词时，其他代词排列于人称代词之后，如：he, I and some others
b.人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。
If I were she, I would take your advice.
I would share the room with you if you were him.
②"It"的用法。
a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
Where is the cat? It's in the kitchen.
Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
b.用以代替指示代词this, that。
What's this? -- It's a frog. /Whose pen is that? -- It's mine.
c.表示时间，天气，距离等。
A lovely day, isn't it? /It's two o'clock.
It's about two li from here to our school.
d.用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。
It's no use talking with him about that.
It took me twenty minutes to get there.
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构"It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)…"。
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.
It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
2)不定代词：
①all / both
a.both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。
All (of us) like fruits. /Both (of them) are good at English.
b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前；位于be动词之后。
They all (或both) agreed with me. /They are all (或both) very healthy.
I know them all (或both).
②one / it（人称代词）
one 代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。
I don't have a watch but I'm going to buy one（或some）.
I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.
③no one / none
no one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说"若干人（物）之中一个也不"，用"none of",后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）
None of the money is mine.
④some / any /no /every +（thing, one, body等。）
some 类用于肯定句，any类用于否定和疑问句。
I know nothing of what had happened to him.
I have little rice, so I can't lend you any.
She is going to buy some new dresses.
注:everyone和every one
前者意思是"每个人"，与everybody同义，后面不可跟of短语，后者意思是每个人或物，后面跟of短语。试比较：
everyone in the classroom（教室里的所有的人）
every one of the children（这些孩子中的每一个）
every one of the books（这些书中的每一本）
⑤部分否定与全部否定：
当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.
All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。
(现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class.）
None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。
3)疑问代词：
用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。
What job do you want to find? /Whose girl is she?
Which subject is your best one?
所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。
Who told you? /Whom are you waiting for?
Whose are those books?
在学习疑问代词时，对以下几组词注意区别：
1 which和what
两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?
What colour is her dress?
What writers do you like best?
6 which和who 两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。
Which would you like to eat -steak or fish?
Who won the game -Smith or Johnson ?
当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.
Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?
Which of可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如：
Which of you has taken away my English book?
4)连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。如：
The question is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句--作主语）
They asked whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句--作定语）
When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.
（引导宾语从句--作定语）
I'll give my ticket to whoever wants it.
（这里whoever可看成"anyone who"，or"the person who"）.
试完成下列单项选择题：
1.We couldn't eat in a restaurant because _______ of us had ______ money on us.
A.all, no B.any, no C.none, any D.no one, any
2.Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
3.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A.where B.what C.how D.which
4.The Parkers bought a new house, but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
5.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
(答案1----
练习 代 词
强化训练：
1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.
A. any B. everyone C. either D. each
2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.
A. each B. all C. every D. both
3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.
A. It B. What C. That D. Such
4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.
A. much B. some C. any D. very
5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?
A. one B. other C. ones D. others
6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A. much B. all C. neither D. none
7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.
A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none
8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .
A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where, one
9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?
A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them
10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't be better than _____of him.
A. hers B. she C. that D. her
11. -Shall we introduce ____ fire-fighting equipment from abroad?
-Go ahead, if necessary.
A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other
12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_____ at the other stores.
A. others B. it C. that D. the ones
13. -I dislike _____ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_____. I prefer folk music.
A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither
15. Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _____ in the team.
A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else
16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Yes,_____ articles are stolen from our supermarket.
A. few B. more C. some D. none
17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_____ brought the room to disorder.
A. it B. and which C. and that D. this
18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_____ back.
A. one B. any C. it D. some
19. -Do you have _____ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.
A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
21. Surely it's _____ with the big nose you mean, not ____!
A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me
22. The temperature can fall to
A. Which B. It C. That D. This
23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Yes, but I don' t think _____ could pass it.
A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody
24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _____ half.
A. every B. each C. another D. either
25. _____ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _____ .
A. None, something B. Some, everything C. Few, something D. Few, nothing
26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Yes, I'd like to try those blue ____.
A. one B. ones C. pair D. two
27. Of all my friends _____ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it.
A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one
28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?
-Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _____ to him.
A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
29. I have no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them.
A. both B. none C. all D. any
30. You mustn't always do _____ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like .
A. another B. the other C. others D. one
32. I didn't want either of ____ hats and asked the salesman to show me_____.
A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others
33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _____ of you.
A. kindest B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind
35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _____ he says with a grain of salt.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than ____ love her or more than she loves ____?
A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me
强化训练：
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A
四.形容词,副词
要点1 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的语序
当同时用几个形容词来修饰一个名词时，一般可按照以下顺序：限定词-----描绘性形容词-----大小、新旧、式样-----颜色-----产地(国别)-----作定语的名词----- 被修饰名词。
如：
some lovely Chinese children
一些可爱的中国儿童(限定词-----描绘性形容词-----国别)
a small black leather handbag
一个小的黑色皮包(大小-----颜色-----作定语的名词表示材料)
a red German sports car
一辆红色的德国赛车(颜色-----国别-----作定语的名词表示用途)
a small old stone bridge
一座老的小石桥(大小-----新旧-----作定语的名词)
注意： 限定词放在最前面，作定语的名词紧靠被修饰词；同种类的 形容词，短在前、长在后，序数词放在基数词之前。如：
the first two books 最初两本书
但是，这里所讲的语序并不是一成不变的。
要点2 需放在被修饰语之后的形容词
形容词作定语，一般放在名词的前面。但如果被修饰语是由some,any,every和no构成的不定 代词时，用作定语的形容词必须放在它所修饰的词后面，如：
There is nothing new in his report. 他的报告里没有什么新东西 。
Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情吗?
He told me something very important. 他告诉我一些很重要的事。
There is nothing wrong with him. 他没有错。
So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前为止，还 没有重要人物来这儿看过。
注意： 英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语，不能放在名词前作定语 ，如以a-开头的形容词，afraid,asleep,alone,awake,alive。另外，ill,glad,sorry,sure,well也不能放在名词前作定语。
注意： sick(患病)与ill不同，sick既可以作表语也可以作定语而ill则不能，试比较：
These children are ill/sick. 这些孩子病了。
The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 护士正在 照料患病的孩子们。(不能用ill)
另外，在度量衡用语中，形容词通常放在度量单位之后。例如：
I'm 1.80 metres tall. 我身高
The room is 32 feet wide. 这间房子有32英尺宽。
要点3 三种要求形容词作表语的系动词
形容词除与系动词be连用作表语外，还可以与其他一些系动词连用。
1) 表示一种特征、状态、感觉的系动词，如：
appear(显得)，look(看似)，seem(似乎)，feel(觉得)，taste(尝)，smell(闻)，sound(听 )。
The meat tastes good. 这肉味道好。
He doesn't seem happy. 他似乎不高兴。
I'm not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服。(well用作形容词做 表语只能表示身体好)
2) 表示状态转变的系动词，意为"变得"、"变成"，如：become,get,grow,turn等。
It's getting(growing) dark. 天渐渐地黑了。
The hill has turned green. 山变绿了。
3) 表示保持某种状态的系动词，如：remain(仍然是)，keep(保持)等。
The problem remains unsolved. 问题仍然未解决。
Keep quiet,please! 请安静!
要点4 某些以-ly结尾的形容词
英语中有一些以-ly结尾的形容词，不要误以为是副词。
deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lonely 孤单的
likely 可能的 lovely 可爱的 lively 愉快的
brotherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父亲似的 ugly 难看的
silly 愚蠢的
还有一些与时间有关的词，虽以-ly结尾，但既可以用作形容词又可以用作副词，如：
daily 每日(的)
weekly 每周一次(的)
monthly 每月一次(的)
yearly 每年一次(的)
要点5 名词用作形容词
1) 名词用来作定语修饰另一个名词时，相当于一个形容词，如：
ticket office 售票处
book store 书店
traffic accident 交通事故
table leg 桌子腿
2) 名词用作形容词修饰另一名词时，一般都用单数形式，而且总是放在被修饰的名词之前 。如：
shoe repairers 修鞋人
ring finger 无名指
wine glass 酒杯
cigarette lighter 打火机
也有一些是例外，如：
sports car 赛车
clothes shop 服装店
arms production 武器生产?
注意： 名词作定语与形容词作定语意思相差较大。
gold ring 金戒指
golden ring 镀金(金黄色)戒指stone wall 石墙
stony heart 铁石心肠
colour TV set 彩色电视机
colourful life 多彩的生活
要点6 带有数字的复合形容词
当复合形容词用连字号连接时，其中的名词用单数形式。主要有两种结构：
1) 数词+名词。
a three-hour flight 一次三小时的飞行
a three-pound chicken 一个重
a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米长的桥
a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信?
2) 数词+名词+形容词。
a three-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩
a fifty-metre-wide river 一条五
要点7 同形的副词和形容词
fast train 快车 hard workers 干活卖力的工人
run fast 跑得快 work hard 干活卖力，工作努力
right answer 正确的回答 enough food 足够的食物
do everything right 样样事情做得对 large enough 足够大
in the late afternoon 傍晚 in the early morning 一大早
work late 工作得晚 come early 来得早
其他如straight,wide,high,low也都能用作形容词和副词。例如：
He drew a straight line on the paper. 他在纸上划了一条直线。
He went straight to the room. 他径直朝那房子走去。
要点8 具有两种形式的副词
英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。
The station is quite near. 车站就在附近。(near用作形容词)
He lives near. 他就住在附近。(near用作副词)
It's nearly nine o'clock. 将近九点钟了。(nearly用作副词，但其含义是：将近、几乎)
The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬。 用作形容词
The test is hard. 测验太难。
He is a hard worker. 他是一个干活卖力的工人。
We all work hard. 我们都努力工作。(hard用作副词)
I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思。 意为：几乎不
There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有云彩。
He is late. 他迟到了。(late用作形容词)
He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡觉。(late用作副词)
Have you seen her lately? 你最近看见过她吗?(lately意为：最近)
注意： 除上述几个词外，英语中还有一些具有两种形式的副词。如：
deep 深--deeply 深深地
high 高--highly 高度地
wide 宽--widely 广泛地
He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高。
We think highly of our teacher. 我们对我们的老师评价很高。
He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗户开得很大，好让新鲜空气进来。
She is widely known in China. 她在中国的知名度很高。
要点9 形容词比较级和最高级的构成?
1) 单音节形容词加-er和-est构成其比较级和最高级。
strong--stronger--the strongest
new--newer--the newest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est。
如：big--bigger--biggest，hot--hotter--hottest，thin--thinner--thinnest。
2) 三音节或三音节以上的形容词前加more和most，构成其比较级和最高级。
interesting--more interesting--the most interesting
important--more important--the most important?
3) 双音节形容词中，一般以-y,-er,-ow,-ple等结尾的词加-er,-est。
pretty--prettier--the prettiest 漂亮的
clever--cleverer--the cleverest 聪明的
simple--simpler--the simplest 简单的
narrow--narrower--the narrowest 狭窄的
常用的词有：easy(容易)，lazy(懒)，happy(快乐的)，funny(有趣的)。
4) 以-ful,-ing结尾的双音节词一般加more/most。
doubtful--more doubtful--the most doubtful
注意： 英语中，有些双音节形容词可以加more/most，也可以加-er ，-est构成比较级和最高级，常见的词有：friendly,clever,narrow,common。
要点10 副词比较级和最高级的构成?
1) 副词比较级和最高级形式通常由加more和most构成。例如：
quickly--more quickly--most quickly
slowly--more slowly--most slowly?
2) 与形容词同形的副词，其构成方式与相应的形容词相同。例如：
fast--faster--fastest
hard--harder--hardest
early--earlier--earliest
要点11 少数形容词和副词的比较级、最高级是不规则的。
原级 比较级 最高级
good
}
well
better best
bad
}
ill
badly
worse worst
many
}
much
more most
little less least
oldest
eldest
要点12 同等程度比较的要点
1) as…as 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形，如：
I am as old as you. 我和你年龄一样大。
Tom works as hard as Mary. 汤姆和玛丽工作一样努力。
注意："as……as"可用almost,quite,just,just about,nearly,twice,by no means(根本)修饰，置于"as……as"之前。
2) so用以替代第一个as时，只能用于否定句，如：
John is not as/so clever as Jack. 约翰不像杰克那样聪明。
He doesn't read as/so clearly as she. 他读得不像她那样清楚。She didn't sing as/so well that night as she usually does. 她那天晚上唱得没有平 时好。
3) as much+不可数名词+as，而as many+可数名词复数+as。
Bob has read as many books as Mary. 鲍伯和玛丽读了一样多的书。
There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 这瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一样多。
4)as+adj.+不定冠词+可数名词单数+as
German is as difficult a language as English.
as+adj.+不可数名词+as
Bread is as important food as rice.
要点13 不同程度比较的要点?
1) 要用"比较级+than"的结构。
I am taller than Tom(is). 我比汤姆高。
Mary works harder than John(does). 玛丽比约翰工作努力。
This city is more beautiful than that(city). 这城市比那城市更美丽。
You look younger than before. 你看起来比以前年轻。
2) 比较级前可用much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,rather，even,still,a great deal等表示程度，但比较级 前不能再用more。
She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比 别人好得多。(better本身就是比较级，不能用far/much more better)
Your book is far/much more interesting than his. 你 的书要比他的书有趣得多。 (其中more interesting是比较级，far/much用以修饰more interesting表示程度)
Now I read a little faster than before. 现在我读得比过去稍快一点。
表示不同程度比较时，句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内。
any other student
anyone else
all the other students
any of the other students
他比 班上其他学生学习用功。(他本身也是学生不能用any students来表示比较对象 的范围)
注意： any other加可数名词单数，all the other加可数名词复数 。试比较：
The moon is closer to us than any star/stars.月亮距离我们比任何恒星都近。 (月亮不是恒星，因此用any star/stars并没有把主语包括在比较对象的范围之内)
China is larger than any country/countries in Africa. 中国比 非洲的任何国家大。
Chi na is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比 亚洲的任 何国家大。(中国是亚洲国家之一，因而不能用any country/countries)
3) 比较的对象要一致，一般说来同等的两个事物才能比较，如： Tom's bike is more expensive than Jim's(=Jim's bike). 汤姆的自行车比吉姆的贵。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海 冷。(that指代天气) His English is better than anyone else's in his class. 他的英语比班上其他人的都 好。
4) 英语中往往用that/those或the/that one/the ones代替上文提及的同等部分。但如果比 较的事物是不可数名词，用that不能用the one/the ones/those。
The water in the glass is cleaner than that in the river.
杯子里的水比河里的水清。(water为不可数名词，用that)
I like these pictures better than those/the ones on the wall.
我喜欢这些画胜过墙上那些。(those,the ones指代可数名词复数)
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat.
兔子的耳朵比猫长。 (与of短语一起用时，不能用the ones)
Your ruler is longer than that/that one/the one on the desk.
你的尺比桌上的尺长。(that/that one/the one指代可数名词单数)
5) 两者之间的比较不能用最高级。
Who is more honest, Tom or Susan? 汤姆和苏珊两个人谁更诚实?
注意 ： 比较级范围是由of引出两者之间的比较，比较级前要用定冠词 。
He is the taller of the two. 两人中他高一点。
要点14 有些以?ior结尾的形容词本身就含有比较的意思
以-ior结尾的形容词，不用"比较级+than"来表示比较，而是要用"原级+to"。常用的 词有：superior(优于)，inferior(次于)，junior(年少的)，senior(较年长的，较高级别 的)。
He is inferior to you in all respects. 他各方面都不如你。
This engine is superior in many respects to that. 这台发动机在很多方面比那一台要好。
要点15 最高级的用法?
1) 三者(或三者以上)的比较才能用最高级。
Mary is the tallest girl in her class/of the three. 玛丽是她班上(三个里面)个子最 高的女孩。
Bill reads most clearly of all the students. 在所有这些学生中，比尔读得最清楚。
2) 形容词最高级要加the。
They're the biggest animals in the world. 它们是世界上最大的动物。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界最大城市之 一。(one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数表示"最……之一")
He is one of the tallest students in the class. 他是班上个子最高的学生之一。
It is the second tallest building in the world. 它是世界上第二高的建筑物。
注意： 如不表示比较，也没有表示比较范围的状语，最高级前不用t he时，作"十分"、"非常"解。
It is a most useful tool. 这是一种非常有用的工具。
He is a brightest student. 他是一个非常聪明的学生。
注意：最高级可用by far,easily,nearly ,by no means,序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。
He is the second tallest boy in our class.
注意：
要点16 几个特殊的比较结构
1) "the+比较级…，the+比较级…"结构，意为"越……，越……"，表示程度的平行增 长，如：
The higher the temperature(is),the greater is the pressure.(=the greater the presure is.)
温度越高，压力就越大。
The older he gets,the wiser he becomes. 他越长越聪明。
The bigger,the better. 越大越好。
2) "比较级+and+比较级"结构，意为"越来越……"，表示程度逐渐增长，如：
Our life is getting better and better. 我们的生活越来越好。
Our country has become stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了。
He is running faster and faster. 他越跑越快。
注意： 当形容词需加上more变为比较级时，表示"越来越……"， 需用"more and more+形容词原形"的结构。
Shanghai is becoming more and more beautiful. 上海变得越来越美丽。
More and more people give up smoking. 越来越多的人戒烟。
3) "倍数词+as+原级+as"构成倍数比较结构.
This TV set costs twice as much as that one. 这架电视机的价格是那架电视机的两倍 。
The truck is 3.5 times as heavy as that minibus. 这辆卡车有那辆小客车的三倍半重 。表示倍数也可以用以下的结构：
The rice output of this region is about four times that of 1957. 这个地区 的大米产量相当于1957年的4倍。
4) "大三岁"，"长
He is three years older than I. 他比我大三岁。
This river is 100 meters longer than that
one. 这条河比那条河长
5）"as…… as" 的比喻结构，此结构表示"像……一样（那样）……"
It's as cold as ice in here. 这儿冷得像冰窖。
It's as dark as night in this room. 这屋子简直就像晚上一样黑。
常见的比喻结构有：as free as a bird,as hungry as a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee……
6）more than和less than，这2个固定词组分别表示"多于"和"少于"，如：
There are more than three hundred pupils in the school.
这个学校有300多个学生。
They finished the work in less than a year.
他们不到一年就完成了这项工作。
7）no more than和no less than也是固定词组，分别表示"只不过"和"有……之多"、"多达"。（带有感情色彩）
I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有10块钱。（有嫌少的意思）
In our school there are no less than 250 teachers.
我们学校里的教师有250位之多。（有够多了的含义）
8）not more than和not less than，not more than(=at most)表示"不多于"、"至多"，not less than(=at least)表示"不少于"、"至少"。（表示客观事情）
The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons.
做这个试验的人不到5个。
There were not less than one hundred people at the meeting.
到会的至少有100人。
要点17 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语
英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语/
1 as long as 只要；有……之久
I will work as long as Ilive. 只要活着，我就要工作。
He has been ill as long as five years. 他已经病了5年之久。
3 as far as 到……地点；就……而言
I will go with you as far as the next bus stop.
我将和你一起走到下一个车站。
As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 就我所知，他是一个可靠的人。
4 as high as 高达……程度
The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。
5 as soon as 一……就
I will ting you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。
5）as well as 既……又
He has experience as well as knowledge.他既有知识又又经验。（注意此句翻译的顺序）
要点18 表示相似、类同的几种方法?
主语 alike
the same
similar
The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟俩非常相像。
The two books are the same. 这两本书是一样的。
The methods used by the three teachers are similar. 这三位教师使用的方法相类似。
the same as
2) 主语+be+ { similar to } +名词(代词)
like
John's hat is very much like mine in style/size. 约翰的帽子的款式(尺寸)很像我的 。
Your opinion is similar to ours in many ways. 你的观点在许多方面与我们相似。
The price is the same as last year. 这价格与去年相同。
age
3)主语+be+the same { size } +as+名词(代词)
colour
weight
The suitcase is the same size as that one. 这衣箱与那个一样大小。
He is the same age as his wife. 他与他的妻子同年。
4) 在以上句型中，也可常用动词look来替代be动词。
The pen looks like mine. 这笔看上去像我的。The two houses look alike. 这两幢房子看上去相似。
要点19 表示相异、不同
1) differ from 与……不同。
Nylon differs from silk in cost. 尼龙和丝绸在成本方面不同。
2) be different from 与……不同。
Their house is different from ours in style. 他们的房子风格跟我们的不同。
3) unlike 不同，不像。
My son is unlike me in every respect. 我的儿子没有一处像我。
要点20 无比较级，最高级的词
circular,silent,east,empty,false,first,golden,matchless,perfect,right，round,square,true,unique(独一无二的)，wrong，absolute（绝对的），sheer（彻底的），mere（纯粹的），atomic（原子的），solar（太阳的），daily，monthly，yearly，physical，wooden……
五.介词
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。
（一）介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.
2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
（二）主要介词区别
1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o'clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示"在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示"在（一段时间）之后"，而after则表示"在（某一具体时间点之后）"，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：We'll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5、表示"在……上"的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示"穿过……"的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示"在角上"，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指"在拐角处"，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作"最后"、"终于"解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示"在……末梢"，"到……尽头"，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作"在……结束时"，"到……末为止"解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示"关于"的about 和on：两者都有"关于"的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的"论述"。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don't know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指"除了……还有，再加上"。如：All went out besides me.；except指"除了，减去什么"，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示"除了……外"经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示"如无……就，只是"表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。
12、表示"用"的in和with：表示工具的"用"，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的"用"，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示"由谁负责、照顾、管理"。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like：as作"作为"、"以……地位或身份"解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作"象……一样"解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。
15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是"在……前面"的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是"在……前部"的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
练习.介 词
1. The teacher is writing ____ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books.
A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with
2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood.
A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from
3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office.
A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on
4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.
A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in
5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died ____ hungry and cold.
A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of
6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither.
A.into B.after C.off D. out of
7. This is a common mistake ____ students.
A. between B.over C. among D. about
8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.
A.for B.to C.at D.as
9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy.
A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over
10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.
A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at
11. Nobody knows it ____ me.
A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but
12. The window is never opened ____ in summer.
A. but B. except C. except for D. but for
13. It happened ____ the Long March.
A. during B.in C.at D.for
14. We go to school ____ a bike.
A.in B.on C.by D.ove
15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.
A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of
16. Fresh air is good ____ your health.
A.at B.for C.of D.to
17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.
A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on
18.The group is made up____five students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.
A.of,of B.for,for C.of,for D.for,of
19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death.
A. of B.from C.to D.on
20. He will come ____ three days.
A.before B.after C. in D. later
21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.
A. in B. before C. later D. after
22. He will return____ three o'clock.
A.after B.in C.on D.at
23. He wrote the article ____ three days.
A.at B.in C.on D.by
24.I agree ____ what you said.
A.to B.on C.with D.at
25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)?
A.at B.with C.on D.to
26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract.
A.on B.to C.with D.at
27. Do you often hear____ your brother?
A. of B. from C. out of D. about
28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with
29. The plane flew ____ the city.
A. across B.past C. through D.over
30. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.
A. across B. through C.by D.past
31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
A. across B. through C.by D.past
32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.
A. across B. through C. past D.over
33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.
A. For B.With C. Under D. Without
34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.
A.with B.for C.on D.of
35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.
A. for B.in C.on D.of
36. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.
A. on B.in C. during D.by
37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.
A. but B. except C. except for D. without
38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.
A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about
39. My father was disappointed ____ the news.
A. by B. about C. at D. on
40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.
A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from
41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.
A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to
42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.
A. since B. unless C. because D. without
43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ Tom is running ____ the right.
A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to
44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.
A.at;on B.with;at C.for;in D.by;for
45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places.
A.at;at B.in;in C.into;of D.during;at
46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train.
A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with
47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.
A. in; in B.in; with C. with; by D. with; with
48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.
A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in
49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during
50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?
A. except B. but C. besides D. beside
51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy.
A. when; at B. because; in C. if; for D. though; at
52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982.
A. After B.In C.From D.Since
53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?
A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding
54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.
A.about B.with C.for D.of
55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.
A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting
56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?
A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher besides D. All except
57. Henry,____ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?
A. together with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to
58. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.
A. in B.at C.to D.on
59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A.since B.in C.on D.after
60. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at B.on C.for D.of
61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation ____ the word "right".
A. of B.as C.to D.from
62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.
A. at; until B. for; after C.at;by D. before; around
63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.
A. through; to; on B. along ;of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by
64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game.
A. within B. among C. in D. from
65. Because of her devotion _____ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.
A. in B. to C. with D. on
66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_____ color?
A. in B. / C. with D. of
67. Some people say that we live _____ the age of computers.
A. in B. at C. with D. for
68. ---May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? ---Welcome _____ open arms.
A. with B. by C. in D. for
69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.
A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until
70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _____ the end of this year.
A. at B. by C. for D. till
六. 连词
连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。
（一）并列连词：
并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neither … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.
（二）从属连词
从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：
引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as
引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as
引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)
引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as
引导结果状语从句的：so … that …, such … that …
引导目的状语从句的：so that …, in order that …
引导比较状语从句的：as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than …
引导方式状语从句的：as if …
引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。
（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别
1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 "at the time that", "during the time that"。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；② when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 "at the time"，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）③as常可与when，while通用，但强调"一边、一边"。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是"主语+系动词"结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She'll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为"如果"、"假如"，例如：I'll come when (if) I'm free.
2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为"在…之前"，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。
3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not …until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为"直到…才…"。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示"到…为止"。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn't talk（延续性动词）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didn't go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。
4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let's begin.
5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）②though常与even连用，even though表示强调，意为"即使"，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didn't understand a word, I dept smiling. ③though可用作副词，意为"然而"，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.
6、once作副词译"曾经"，作为连词译"一旦"，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I don't believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词)
7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if … not …。例如：He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He'll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)
8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.
9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I haven't decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn't rain. ⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I don't know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don't know whether or not they will come. ⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译"如果"，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.
10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。①as引导时间状语从句，意为"当…时"。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as引导方式状语从句，意为"象…一样"。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us. ③as引导原因状语从句。意为"由于"，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest. ④as引导让步状语从句。意为"虽然"、"尽管"Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.
练习、连词
1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard.
A. but B.if C.when D.as
2. ____ you are dismissed.
A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and
3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.
A. because B. now C. so D. since
4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless.
A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that
5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.
A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they
6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.
A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.
7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.
A. since B. for C. because D. so that
8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up.
A. unless B. as C. if D. until
9. Francis did the task____ his brother.
A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as
10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.
A. as B. what C. that D. whom
11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.
A. yet B. besides C. also D. then
12. It looks ____ it's going to rain.
A. that B. as C. as if D. like that
13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went
14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.
A. Until B. Since C. While D. During
15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.
A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If
17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished.
A. so B. until C. and D. when
18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.
A. and B. yet C. or D. and but
19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late.
A. or B. and C. so D. yet
20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did.
A. so B. as C. like D. that
21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now.
A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise
22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.
A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and
23. He ran off____ I could stop him.
A. before B. after C. since D. when
24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since
25. Where have you been ____ you left home?
A. before B. as C. since D. when
26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.
A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless
27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.
A. as B. than C. like D. white
28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that
29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.
A. not .. .but... B. either.. .or... C. neither.. .nor... D. whether.. .or...
30. He will come ____ you ask him.
A. whether B. unless C. if D. while
31.____ he will come or not is still unknown.
A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether
32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out.
A. whether B. if C. how D. where
33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.
A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to
34. The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.
A. On the one hand B. On the contrary
C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary
35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.
A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless
36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.
A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore
37. We must do ____ the people want us to do..
A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever
38. You are certainly right,____ others may say.
A. what B. whatever C. that D. as
39.____ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever
40.I'll discuss it with you ____ you like to come.
A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever
41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.
A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When
42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then
43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where
44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.
A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as
45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.
A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as
46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.
A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as
47. That is not ____ I want.
A. that B. why C. what D. whose
48. ___ he did it remains a secret.
A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How
49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take?
A. what B. that C. which D. whose
51. I am sure ____ you said is true.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.
A. why B. that C. where D. /
53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
54. We shall go ____ you are ready.
A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since
55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there.
A. while B. as C. when D. /
56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.
A. while B. as C. since D. before
57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.
A. while B. when . C. as soon as D. before
58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. While B. When C. Since D. After
59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.
A. when B. since C. as D. before
60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it. A. for B. when C. if D. whether
61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.
A. for B. unless C. if D. whether
62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.
A. for B. as C. if D. whether
63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.
A. when B. if C. for D. unless
64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when
65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest.
A. where B. when C. that D. after
66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.
A. where B. and C. wherever D. so
67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.
A. If B. Whether C. But D. Though
68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.
A. If B. Whether C. When D. While
69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy.
A. even if B. for C. if D. while
70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.
A. such... that B. as...as C. so...that D. so … as
1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDBA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC
26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC
51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC
七.动词及动词短语辨析
动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。
（一）易混动词
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分词 现在分词 说 明
放 lay laid laid laying 及物动词
躺 lie lay lain lying 不及物动词
说谎 lie lied lied lying 不及物动词
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。
15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。
16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。
17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 "花费"讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.
18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.
20、begin与start
begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。
21、allow 与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词"建立"的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
23、speak, say, talk 与tell
英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldn't tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。
24、excuse me 与sorry
excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、care for 与care to do
care for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with …
29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to …
30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
（二）动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：
1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注："动词+介词"、"动词+名词+副词"、"动词+副词+介词"，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear from收到…的来信，hear of听说。 ②look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。②break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。
实战分析：
动词短语是历年高考考查的一个热点，每年必考。在每年的单项填空题15道题中至少有一道题测试动词短语。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。动词短语考查面广，灵活度强，在历年高考题拟题中倍受青睐。
\[实战1\]Some of the students have already learned enough English to ____ a conversation with a native English speaker.
A. hold on B. keep on C. go on D. carry on
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是不仅要理解供选择的四个动词短语的意义，而且要结合题干中的名词与动词短语的关系来进行判断选择。
【答案解析】选项A、B、C三个动词短语都表示"继续"之意，与题干中名词a conversation with a native English speaker构成短语，不符句意。答案D。
\[实战2\] You'd better fly somewhere in the west. Then you can ____ a hire car and travel around.
A. take up B. get on C. pick up D. turn on
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据所给动词短语的意思，结合题干句作出正确选择。
【答案解析】take up开始学，从事，占去； get on 上车，相处,进展； pick up 拾起，学会，收听到，搭车；turn on打开。根据句子意思，应选择pick up，搭乘出租车。答案C。
\[实战3\]We've invited Mr and Mrs Brown to dinner. But we'll have to because of the baby's sickness.
A. took up B. made up C. gave up D. put off
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是注意区别give up与put off的差异。
【答案解析】根据句子意思，首先排除选项A开始学，从事，占去；B组成，构成；而选项C（give up放弃）强调主观意义，不符句子意思，故应选put off（推迟）。答案D。
[实战4\]They have most carefully the time and money needed to complete the project.
A. picked out B. left out C. figured out D. taken out
【解题关键】 由于选项B、C两个动词短语为不常见短语，意义生疏，故解题时必须根据题干句子意思进行排除选择。
【答案解析】pick out挑出，选出； leave out 漏掉；figure out算出； take out拿出，取出。根据句子意思：他们十分仔细地算出了完成工程所需要的钱和时间，故应选figure out。答案C。
\[实战5\]The actress who had been thought highly of to be a great disappointment.
A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是理解句意：区别四个由动词turn所构成的短语意义，作出正确选择。
【答案解析】turn up调大（音量），出现；turn out结果是，证明是，生产，制造； turn down调低，拒绝；turn in交上去。答案B。
\[实战6\]-It's a good idea. But who's going to ____the plan?
-I think Tom and Mike will.
A. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside
【解题关键】该题提供的四个短语意义较广，解答该题的关键必须结合句子意思进行排除从而得出正确答案。
【答案解析】carry out执行，实行；get through完成，度过，通过；take in吸收，领会； set aside不理会，搁置。根据句子的意思：这是一个好主意，但谁去执行这个计划呢？故选carry out。答案A。
\[实战7\]Most people didn't accept the theory when it was first ____.
A. set about B. set off C. put forward D. put out
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是结合句子的意思将短语代入，采用排除法进行选择，注意句子的意思与选项动词短语的意义一致。
【答案解析】set about 着手；set off出发，激发； put forward提出； put out扑灭。句意为：当这个理论最初被提出时，绝大多数人不能接受。故选put forward。答案C。
\[实战8\] Without proper lessons, you could ____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pick up
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意短语pick up的意义及题干句意的理解。
【答案解析】give up放弃；catch up赶上； keep up维持； pick up学会，搭车，拾起，收听到，无意中得到。根据句子的意思：如果没有正确的指导，弹钢琴时就会染上许多坏习惯。答案D。
练习、动词词义辨析
1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the two words.
A. point B.speak C.say D.tell
2.I ____ you will write me back soon.
A. wish B.hope C.want D.need
3.I asked him to ____ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.
A. spend B. spare C.save D. share
4. Father will not ____ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.
A. have B.let C. agree D. allow
5.I learned to ____ a bicycle as a small boy.
A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run
6.I can ____ you to the railway station in my car.
A. send B.pick C.ride D.take
7.If no one ____ the phone at home, ring me at work.
A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives
8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's____ to be quite a good one.
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, you'd better____ them for her.
A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch
10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____.
A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut
11. Careless driving ____ a lot of highway accidents.
A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results
12. I've____my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.
A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost
13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ you a lot of good.
A. make B.do C.give D.get
14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.
A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran
15. The cooking chicken ____ very good.
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
16. Most children stay at home until they ____ school age.
A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive
17. A single mistake here could ____ you your life.
A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost
18. The boy works hard. I____ him to succeed in the exam.
A. like B. expect C. think D.need
19. We ____ each other the best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished
20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to____a message?
A.give B.leave C.carry D.take
21. Do you know the girl ____ a red coat?
A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on
22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.
A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy
23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ to America for further study.
A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent
24. Old Mr Jackson insisted ____ to the Friendship Hospital.
A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent
25. The father insisted that their son Tom ____ clever enough to study music.
A. be B. should be C.was D. would be
26.I ____ the television set for 1,500 yuan.
A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent
27.I ____ play football than basketball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
28. - What are you doing? - I'm looking____ the children. They should be back for lunch now.
A.after B.at C.for D.up
29. The sports meet will be ____ till next week because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down
30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can ____ it.
A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off
31. Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through
32. Many foreigners ____ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.
A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on
33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radio ____ a little.
A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up
34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four ____.
A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up
35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a doctor at once.
A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up
36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll ____ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;
A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up
37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to ____.
A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out
38. Your composition must be ____ after class.
A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over
39. A new school was ____ in the village last year.
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up
40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 o'clock.
A. take off' B. take up C. take away D. take place
41. ____! There's danger ahead.
A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out
42.Let's____ to clean the house. It's too dirty.
A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down
43.I used to ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.
A. call in . B. call at C. call for D. call on
44. He ____ from his family and settled down in America.
A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in
45. He had to ____ his father's business after his death, though he didn't really want to continue it.
A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on
46. The robbers had no trouble in ____ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking up D. breaking away from
47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy____ the crops in the fields.
A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in
48. All the students ____ their holidays to take part in planting trees.
A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away
49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and ____ the tools.
A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after
50.____ this article and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look up B. Look on C. Look into D. Look through
1~5 DBBDA 6~10 CAABA 11~15 CBBAA 16~20 CDBDB 21~25 AADAC
26~30 AACAB 31~35 CDCBC 36~40 ADCBA 41~45 DBDAD 46~50 BDCAD
另附：
一．难辨动词选择40例：
1. He ___ me to give up smoking. A. hopes B. suggests C. advises D. makes
2. They ___ him working all day long. A. had B. made C. forced D. obliged
3. He is too young to ___ right from wrong. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
4. At last he ___ worker. A. became B. turned C. changed D. grew
5. The peasants are ___ good seeds for the coming spring.
A. picking out B. choosing C. selecting D. choosing from
6. When did you ___ yesterday? A. arrive B. reach C. get D. get to
7. How long will it ___ you do the job? A. cost B. spend C. last D. take
8. It's too cold to ___ the engine. A. begin B. start C. ride D. drive
9. Will you take part in the meeting to be __ next week?
A. held B. taken place C. had D. happened
10. Who ___ the new world? A. invented B. made C. discovered D. uncovered
11. Need I help you? Yes, you ____. A. need B. may C. must D. should
12. The People's Republic of China was ___ in 1949. A. found B. founded C. built up D. put up
13. He is ___ as our best friend. A. thought B. looked C. considered D. regarded
14. When did you ___ his letter? A. hear from B. receive C. accept D. hear
15. A new look has ___ in China in the last few years.
A. broken out B. taken place C. happened D. taken on
16. She is ___ her best clothes today. A. wearing B. dressing C. putting on D. having on
17. Will you ___ me a few minutes? A. share B. spare C. save D. spend
18. He ___ from his seat. A. rose B. stood c. got D. raised
19. Trains ___ more people than buses. A. take B. carry C. fetch D. bring
20. Loud noises can ____ people mad. A. drive B. turn C. cause D. have
21. ___ while the iron is hot. A. Strike B. Hit C. Beat D. Knock
22. I found a wallet ___ on the ground. A. laying B. lying C. lay D. lie
23. I haven't ___ his letter yet. A. written B. answered C. replied D. returned
24. They ___ the different parts into one. A. united B. connected C. joined D. linked
25. He got ___ in the battle. A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. wounded
26. Will you __ me the favour to put on the coat? A. do B. make C. give D. have
27. Who ____ it be? It must be Mary. A. must B. can C. should D. may
28. He ____ his way put when the film was over. A. did B. found C. made D. took
29. Did you ___ the concert yesterday? A. attend B. join on C. join D. have
30. It is well ____ to all that China is a large country. A. said B. told C. known D. reported
31. We ___ the apple into three parts. A. separated B. split C. parted D. divided
32. China ____ a large population. A. covers B. takes C. has D. makes
33. They were ___ busy working all day long. A. made B. kept C. had D. let
34. I have been searching for my ___ key. A. missed B. lost C. gone D. disappeared
35. How I ___ I were a happy bird. A. hope B. wish C. want D. expect
36. ___ your child here next time. A. Take B. Fetch C. Get D. Bring
37. The boy ____ an apology for being late. A. made B. asked C. expressed D. had
38. Would you like to ____ and have a cup of tea? A. call on B. visit C. drop in D. see
39. She decided to ___ her studies at home. A. continue B. go on C. keep on D. have
40. It is hard for them to ___ a good job. A. look for B. find out C. find D. discover
2 混动词选择40例：
41. Can you ___ her becoming a bus driver? A. think B. imagine C. expect D. believe
42. You've changed a lot. I can hardly ___ you at first. A. know B. remember C. find out D. recognize
43. We've ___ friends for many years. A. been B. become C. made D. promised
44. He asked me to ___ him a helping hand. A. lend B. borrow C. make D. get
45. We don't ___ smoking here. A. admit B. allow C. agree D. let
46. I am ___ that a film will be shown tonight. A. said B. told C. spoken D. reported
47. Many comrades ___ in the battle. A. dropped B. fell C. lost D. killed
48. Did you ___ milk in my tea? A. get B. place C. put D. drop
49. Eggs ___ bad easily in summer. A. go B. become C. are D. change
50. He didn't come to the party though he had ___ to. A. invited B. promised C. allowed D. permitted
51. The building is not ___ yet. A. finished B. ended C. done D. completed
52. The man is hard to ___ with. A. deal B. do C. go D. meet
53. He's ___ sixty this year. A. got B. reached C. had D. arrived
54. I'm ___ her off. A. watching B. looking C. seeing D. noticing
55. Our life ___ poor. A. stays B. remains C. keeps D. continues
56. He ___ himself between Jack and tom. A. was seated B. sat C. seated D. was sat
57. I ____ my key at home. A. forgot B. lost C. left D. missed
58. I ___ to persuade him not to smoke, but failed. A. tried B. managed C. had D. had got
59. He ___ the children going into the rice field. A. stopped B. kept C. forbade D. warned
60. He ___ on his back. A. lied B. laid C. lain D. lay
61. I ___ across her in the street. A. came B. went C. met D. saw
62. He was ___ by her beauty. A. moved B. excited C. touched D. struck
63. On hearing the sad news, she ___ tears. A. burst into b. broke out C. cried out D. wept with
64. She ___ the cup and broke into pieces. A. fell B. felt C. failed D. dropped
65. The new house has not been __ yet. A. equipped B. provided C. furnished D. supplied
66. The sick man's heart is __ fast. A. working B. moving C. jumping D. beating
67. I'm ___ to seeing my first teacher. A. looking forward B. expecting C. longing D. looking
68. The thief ___ the office. A. fled B. ran away C. ran out D. flee from
69. Then came an ___ scream of joy. A. moved B. moving C. exiting D. excited
70. Her heart had ___ for them. A. longed B. wanted C. dreamed D. waited
71. That moment's stop ____ the U.S. its lead. A. cost B. lost C. caused D. missed
72. The boy was made to ___ for being late for school. A. pardon B. forgive C. excuse D. apologize
73. He pulled out his gun! The snake was ___ to pieces. A. broken B. thrown C. stricken D. blown
74. She ___ my understanding. A. arrived B. got C. made D. reached
75. He ____ the car to a stop. A. took B. drew C. drove D. brought
76. He ___ the key in the lock and opened the door. A. turned B. put C. placed D. got
77. His eyes were ____ upon Della. A. fixing B . Stared C. fixed D. staring
78. They have ___ in love with each other. A. felt B. filled C. found D. fallen
79. I shall never forget the days we ___ together. A. worked B. played C. spend D. studied
80. She _____her hair up again. A. did B. made C. got D. kept
Key:
1. C 2: A 3: D 4: B 5:C 6:A 7:D 8:B 9:A 10. C 11.C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. A
17. B 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.C 31D 32.C
33.B 34.B 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.C 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.A 45.B 46.B 47.B 48.C
49.A 50.B 51.D 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.B 56.C 57.C 58.A 59.A 60.D 61.A 62.D 63.A 64.D
65.C 66.D 67.A 68.A 69.D 70.A 71.A 72.D 73.D 74.D 75.D 76.A 77.C 78.D 79.C 80.A
高考常见动词短语积累归纳总结
look 的常用短语：
look up … in查找
look sb. up and down 上下打量
look back to/ upon回顾
look upon…as把… 看作
look forward to期待
look through浏览; 看穿
take a new look呈现新面貌
fear的常用短语：
in fear害怕地
(be) in fear of 害怕
for fear of/ that担心；生怕
concentrate 的常用短语：
concentrate on 专心…
concentrate one's mind on 专心于…
类似的短语：
fix one's mind upon
focus on
put one's heart into
focus one's mind on
surprise常用短语：
in surprise惊讶地
to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是
be surprise at/to do/that
对某事感到惊讶
表示"穿衣"的动作或状态的词和短语
1．表示动作的有：
pull on
put on
dress
dress sb
2. 表示状态的有：
wear
be in
be dressed in
have … on
常见表"喜欢"的短语和单词
like
care for
be keen on
be fond of
take delight in…
trouble的常用短语：
have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在…有/没有困难
take great trouble to do
不辞辛劳做某事
put sb to the trouble of doing …
为难某人做某事
make trouble捣乱
be in (great) trouble
惹麻烦；处在困境中
help sb. out of trouble
帮某人摆脱困境
end的常用短语：
come to an end……结束
put an end to 结束……
on end竖起, 连续
in the end终于; 最后
end up (by) doing…以……结束
make both ends meet收支相抵
表示"导致"、"由…引起"的短语：
1. 导致
cause sth. (to do)
result in
lead to
2. 由……引起
be caused by
result from
grow out of
lie in
表"全力以赴"的短语：
do / try one's best
spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do
go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do
do all somebody can (do) to do
direction常用短语：
in (the ) direction of….朝……方向
under the direction of ...在……的指导下
follow the directions照说明去做
far常用短语：
far from (being)离……要求相差很远
far from +(a place)距离某地很远
far away遥远
so far 到目前为止; 那么远
as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知
by far
(最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用
distance常用短语：
in the distance在远处
from/ at a distance从远处
keep sb. at a distance
于某人保持一定距离
It is no distance at all.不远
use常用短语：
used to do过去曾经、常做
be used to doing …习惯于……
be used to do被用来做……
make good/ full use of充分利用……
come into use开始使用……
it is no use doing …干……没有用
"出了什么事"的几种不同表达
What's wrong with….?
What's the matter with…?
What's the trouble with…?
What happened (to sb.) ?
"众所周知"常用表达法：
It is known to all that…主语从句，that不能省
As is known to all,定语从句，置于句首
We all know (that)后接宾语从句
Everyone knows (that)后接宾语从句
, which is known to all.非限定从句，置于句末
表"同意某人意见"的常用短语：
agree with sb. /what sb. said
agree to sth.
approve (of) sth.
in favour of sth.
be agreeable to sth.
be for sth.
"不同意"
disagree with sb./ what sb. said
object to sth.
disapprove (of) sth.
be against sth.
sign的常用短语：
sign one's name签名
sign to sb (not) to do sth.
示意某人(不)做某事
signs of …
……的迹象
would rather 与 prefer 的区别
1．宁愿做……而不做……
would rather do A than do B
prefer A to B
prefer to do A rather than do B
2. would rather 主语 + 过去式，表示"宁愿"
eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主语 + 过去式，表示"比较喜欢……"
eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.
OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.
trap常用短语
be caught in a trap落入圈套
be led into a trap中圈套
set a trap to do sth.设圈套……
be trapped in sth.被…..所围困
grow常用短语
in the grow of在….成长中
grow up长大; 成长
grow rich on靠….. 变富
grow into长成……
grow out of由…..引起/滋生出
make常用短语
be made up of =consist of 由……组成
make up for弥补
be made from/ of由……造成
make up编造;组成;化妆
be made into制成……
make fun of取笑; 嘲弄
make a living 谋生
supply, provide, offer 的区别：
1．表示"向某人提供某物"
supply / provide sb. with sth.
supply / provide sth. for sb.
supply sth. to sb.
offer sb. sth.
2. 表示"主动提出做某事"
offer to do sth.
3. 表示"倘使"、"假如"
provided / providing that
= on condition that
=only if
4. 表示"满足需要"supply / meet a need.
supply的常用短语
in short supply 缺乏，不足
medical/military supply医疗/军用品
supplies of…许多
lack的常用短语
be lacking in sth. 在……不足
make up for the lack of
弥补……的不足
for/by/from/through lack of…
由于…不足,缺乏
have no lack of不缺
damage的常用短语
do damage/harm to 对……有害
cause damage to 对……造成损害
ask for damage要求赔偿
die of 与die from 的区别
die of 表示"死于……病"或冻死、气死，或死于过度悲伤。
die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/cold
die from表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度。如：
die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrust
die常用短语
die for one's country为国捐躯
die down熄灭、平息
die off绝种、枯死
die away消逝、静下来
die a heroic death英勇牺牲
threaten常用短语
threaten sb. with sth.用……威胁某人
threaten to do…威胁做……
under the threat of…在……的威胁下
speed常用短语
speed up加速
at the speed of…以…..的速度
with great speed迅速
aim常用短语
take aim at瞄准
reach an aim达到目的
aim at瞄准、针对
permit与allow 的区别
表"允许做某事"或"允许某人做某事"用法基本相同。
permit/allow doing sth.
permit/allow sb. to do sth.
permit /allow of sth
一般在独立主格结构中表示"时间、条件等许可"，多用permit
Time/Weather permitting, I'll drop in on her.
allow 还可以表示"承认"、"考虑到"。例如：
1. We allow him to be wronged.
2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.
means常用短语
by means of通过….., 靠……
by this means/ in this way用这种方法
by no means/in no case决不
by all means用一切办法
keep常用短语
keep up with紧跟…..
keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止…..做……
keep off the grass勿踏草地
keep to the point紧扣主题
keep in touch with与……保持联系
mark常用短语
make one's mark成功、出名
be marked with标明
gain/get full marks for ……得满分
seat常用短语
take one's seat坐下
have a seat请坐
see/find sb. seated看见/发现某人坐在….
be seated就座, 坐着
seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在……
部分 动词+ to + doing 的用法
look forward to
get down to
object to
devote… to…
pay attention to
prefer…to…
give常用短语
give up放弃
give in让步\屈服
give off 散发出
give away赠送、泄漏
give rise to 引起……
give out 疲劳、用完、散发出
fit常用短语
be fit for适合
keep fit/keep healthy保持健康
be fit to do 适合于…..
fit in with适应……
a nice fit合身的衣服
…fit sb.某人穿….. 合身
reach 常用短语
reach an agreement达成协议
reach for…伸手去拿/够……
within / out of reach够得到/够不着
reach sb's understanding 使某人明白
feed常用短语
feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用……喂养……
be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with…
对……感到厌倦
feed on以……为食
mercy常用短语
without mercy残忍地
have mercy on /upon 对……表示怜悯
at the mercy of任凭摆布
beg for mercy 乞求饶恕
exist常用短语
exist in/lie in/consist in存在于……
in existence 现存的
come into existence/ come into being 形成
opinion常用短语
in one's opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看来
have a high/ low opinion of
对……评价高/低
give one's opinion on
对……谈自己的看法
persuade常用短语
persuade sb. to do =
persuade sb. into doing
说服某人做某事
try to persuade sb. to do
试图说服某人做某事
persuade sb. to sth.
说服某人同意某事
engage 常用短语
be engaged to sb.
与某人订婚
be engaged in sth. =
be engaged doing sth.
忙于……, 从事某事
wide 与broad 的区别
它们均可以表"宽"和"广阔的"
a river 50 feet wide/ broad
指身体部位"宽肩、宽背"一般用broad, 表示
"睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴"一般用wide。
broad shoulders/ back
with wide eyes
open one's mouth wide
wide 还可以作副词，表示"完全、大大地"
be wide awake
be wide open
sure常用短语
be sure of/about
对……由把握
be sure to do sth.
肯定会……
make sure + that-clause
务必……,一定要……
make sure of…
弄清楚……
experience 常用短语
have experience in…
在……有经验
be experienced in…
在……有经验
pain 常用短语
take great pains to do
努力做某事
spare no pains to do
全力以赴做某事
stick 常用短语
stick to sth.
坚持……
stick …on…
粘贴……
be stuck in …
陷进……
stick no bills
请勿张贴
spare 常用短语
spare money/time for
省出钱…，腾出时间
in one's spare time
在某人业余时间
spare no efforts to do
不遗余力去做
don't spare the opinions
不要保留意见
put down的不同含义
put down (one's knife and fork) 放下……
pit down the rebellion
镇压
put down what sb. says
记下，写下
take up 的不同含义
take up a hobby
培养……
take up football
开始……
take up the work
继续……
take up…time/space
消耗,占据……
take up a post
就职
take up a song/ cry
跟着一起……
habit 常用短语
form/get the habit of
养成……习惯
be in/have the habit of
有…….习惯
get into the habit of
沾染了……恶习
get rid of the habit=
grow out of the habit=
break away from the habit
改掉了……习惯
资料保存：高中三年英语重要短语
1. be afraid of
2. agree to do sth.
3. not…at all
4. one after another
5. at last
6. at once
7. at the same time
8. at work
9. be away from
10. go away
11. make the bed
12. do one's best
13. be busy with
14. be busy doing sth
15. by bus /car / plane
16. catch up with
17. catch cold
18. day after day
19. do some cleaning
20. eat up / use up
21. in the end
22. fall ill
23. on foot
24. make friends with sb.
25. in front of
26. get back /in /off /on
27. get on with
28. give up
29. go on doing sth.
30. go shopping
31. be good at
32. hand in / out
33. have a good time
34. have breakfast / supper
35. have sports
36. hear from
37. here and there
38. hold a meeting
39. hold on
40. hurry up
41. keep on doing sth.
42. all kinds of
43. a kind of
44. laugh at
45. listen to sb.
46. no longer
47. look after / at / for/ up
48. make a mistake
49. make a noise
50. in the middle of
51. neither…nor
52. from now on
53. a number of
54. at once
55. once upon a time
56. put on / sth down / up
57. get / be ready
58. take / have a rest
59. ring up
60. send for
61. by the side of
62. go to sleep
63. stop sb. from doing sth.
64. take a walk
65. take away
66. take out
67. take down / off
68. take a train / bus
69. think about
70. all the time
71. on / in time
72. too…to
73. try on
74. turn off
75. wake up
76. by the way
77. one the / one's way to…
78. write down
79. take a message for sb.
80. What a pity!
81. of course
82. turn left
83. feel well
84. neck and neck
85. fall behind
86. take turns
87. hands up
88. as usual
89. prefer a. to b.
90. You'd better not do sth.
91. Help oneself to sth.
92. change one's mind
93. make a mistake
94. take one's time
95. knock into sb.
96. be covered with
97. with one's help
98. wear out
99. sell out
100. be in surprise
101. be afraid of
102.at the foot of
From Senior Book One
103. meet for the first time
104. at the beginning of
105. nice meeting you
106. go away
107. in one's opinion
108. summer vacation
109. a general idea
110. find out
111. right now
112. from dawn until dark
113. go on doing sth
114. by the lights of
115. as a result
116. pump water
117. on an open fire
118. give one's regards to sb.
119. that's nice of sb.
120. send sb. best wishes
121. follow one's instructions
122. by the side of
123. at the end of
124. a little man with glasses
125. have a way of doing sth.
126. dip sth.into sth.
127. hold up
128. instead of
129. make a face
130. have difficulty in doing sth
131. have difficulty with sth.
132. know about
133. more or less
134. stay the same
135. way of life
136. bring in
137. I guess
138. go off to Guangzhou
139. see sb.off
140. take a taxi
145. a friend of mine
146. by air /sea
147. say Hi to A. from B.
148. have a good trip
149. tie the boat to a tree
150. by the river bank
151. all night long
152. be about to do sth.
153. nothing except / but
154. at a high price
155. stay long
156. cover a.with b.
157. so that
158. in rows
159. from now on
160. in order to
161. make sure
162. knock sb. down
163. obey the rules
164. break the rules
165. in the past
166. wash away
167. take a look at
168. take a picnic
169. a great many
170. agree on
171. supply sb. sth
172. all over the country
173. at the crossing
174. plenty of
175. as soon as possible
176. set up
177. spend ...in doing / on sth.
178. as follows
179. fall off / down
180. for quite a while
181. a great part of
182. on the morning of
183. the number of
184. cut off
185. at 5.3 centimetres a year
186. as a result of
187. It is said that
188. do one's best to do sth.
189. change a. for b.
190. a waste of money
191. make a decision
192. go up
193. bring down
194. get sb.to do sth.
195. be used to doing sth.
196. keep a record of
197. thanks to
198. at one time
199. make plans for
200. at home and abroad
201. take up
202. every four years
203. take part in /join in / compete in
204. used to do sth.
205. hear of
206. on / over / through the radio
207. be well thought of
208. make fun of sb.
209. not just…but…
210. The more,the better.
211. That's easy said than done.
213. go with
214. give advice to sb.
215. from month to month
216. write to sb.
217. tens of thousands of
218. be well received
219. be of great help
220. write to/ about/write for
221. fight against, fight for
222. She did all (that )she could (do) to help him
223. She did what she could do to help him.
224. no more than
225. in one's spare time
226. break out, break into ,
227. break down
228. early the next morning
229. be sad at sth.
230. consider sb to be.
231. be beaten to death
232. measure a. with b.
233. get along well with
234. ask sb. for sth.
235. tell lies
From Senior Book Two
236. advise sb. To do sth.
237. have a good rest
238. take the medicine
239. get a cough / headache
240. I suggest sb. do sth.
241. and so on
242. be measured in calories
243. burn up
244. be rich / low /high in
245. in the form of
246. scores of
247. put on /lose weight
248. look out
249. be on fire / catch fire
250. in that case
251. turn the gas off
252. sound the fire alarm
253. be trapped in
254. belong to
255. in the ceiling of
256. get close to
257. at present
258. long ago
259. the number of sth.
260. It is hoped that
261. be invited to
262. call on sb.
263. Sth. look nice on sb.
264. pay back
265. be worth
266. at the most
267. pick up
268. to one's surprise
269. offer sth. to sb.
270. think of / think about
271. be cross
272. look down upon sb.
273. in the beginning
274. come out
275. again and again
276. a paper-making factory
277. catch /have a cold
278. come across sb.
279. cut up
280. praise sb. for sth.
281. in one's fifties
282. give advice on sth.
283. receive a doctor's degree
284. be supported by sb.
285. close friends
286. translate a. into b.
287. make progress
288. before long /long before
289. stand for
290. be made up of
300. be famous for
301. be devided into
302. be full of / be filled with
303. live on potatoes
304. keep in touch with sb.
305. go to church
306. play an important part in
307. feel like doing sth.
308. on the edge of sth.
309. all through the year
310. rise by 63 metres
311. be in danger
312. stone by stone
313. work on sth.
314. be marked with
315. at breakfast
316. in danger
317. make a good effort
318. date from
319. be busy with
320. knock out of
321. point out
322. turn over
323. go against
324. year after/by year
325. agree to do sth.
326. now and then
327. give a talk
328. send out
329. get through
330. ring sb.back / up
331. May I have your attention?
332. receive an invitation
333. accept the invitation
334. be out of breath
335. turn down
336. ring off
337. for free
338. become interested in
339. form a pop group
340. manage to do sth.
341. persuade sb. to do sth.
From Senior Book Three
342. go straight ahead
343. at the entrance to …
343. on the other side
344. in the hope of
345. take along
346. lose heart
347. in this way
348. be pleased with
349. in the 1920s
350. as far as the coast
351. bring on sth.
352. Do you mind if I do sth?
353. Would you mind if I did it
354. I wonder if I could do sth.
355. Non-smoking office
356. smoke a cigarette
357. fall asleep
358. one third of
359. die of / die from
360. remain in business
361. compared to sb.
362. kick one's smoking habit
363. give sth. up
364. get one into the habit of
365. be used to sth /doing sth.
366. call for
367. share sth. with sb.
368. compare a. with b.
369. help sb.do/to do /with sth.
370. make oneself understood by words
371. be accepted as
372. nod / shake the head
373. shake hands with sb.
374. wave one's arms
375. an English-speaking country
376. do some research on sth.
377. be proud of sb.
378. stand close to each other
379. keep a distance away
380. talk with sb's mouth full
381. a copy of China Daily
382. What's on this weekend?
383. give a performance
384. They are said to do sth=
385. It is said that
386. cover the events
387. get down to sth/doing sth.
388. fix a time
389. have a face-to-face interview
390. do telephone interviews
391. look up sth in dictionary
392. type sth.into the computer
393. There is no time left
394. in the coming week
395. cut the costs of sth
396. be popular with sb.
397. as well. as well as
398. practise doing sth.
399. intend to do sth
400. set off for the USA
401. after a short while
402. be uncertain about
403. add a. to b.
404. be honoured for sth.
405. make a contribution to sth.
406. be set in California
407. pick up
408. be caught in a snow storm
409. in a great hurry
410. bring up sb.
411. Excuse me for doing sth.
412. What a shame
413. be pressed with
414. in the late 1870s
415. keep a bank
416. here and there
417. can't help doing sth.
418. trade with
419. first day covers
420. sooner or later
421. add to sth.
422. used stamps
423. tell the difference between a. and b.
424. fill a.with b.
425. generally speaking
426. struggle against
427. from area to area
426. below freezing
427. all the year round
428. natural gas
429. a great deal of
430. on average
431. make use of
432. keep alive
433. offer sb. a lift room
434. clear sth. up
435. the other day
436. tidy sth.up
437. knock sb. off
438. What happened to me?
439. take it easy
440. stay still
441. medical care
442. at the back of
443. deal with
444. pour a. into b.
445. keep out of the reach of
446. do sth. by mistake
447. nearby hospital
448. large quantities of
449. be fit for sb.
450. hear about
451. standing room
452. pay special attention to
453. deep in the heart of
454. fail to do sth.
455. time and time again
456. lose one's sight
457. be present
458. off the coast
459. living things
460. die out
461. in all
462. point to / at
463. to one's great joy
464. be that foolish
465. judge sb. by the clothes
466. put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.
467. apologize to sb.for sth
468. be after
469. do sb. a favor
470. make sth to sb's own measure
471. depend on sb.
472. drop in at / in sb./ a place
473. once upon a time
474. do up one's button
475. take sb. seriously
476. What is worse
477. be suitable for doing sth
478. keep back
479. be equal to
480. pretend to do sth.
481. play a part of
482. be caught in
483. be anxious about
484. be likely to do sth.
485. call in
486. take the place of
487. 30cm by 30cm by 50cm
488. for one thing
489. make a lot of noise
490. stare straight at sb.
491. bend over
492. worse still
493. attack one's attention
494. carry off
495. look into
496. run out of food
From Senior Book Four
497. do a word puzzle
498. all through one's life
499. lead to sth
500. the Noble Prize for sth.
501. refuse to do sth.
502. a cheque for $100
503. live the rest of one's life
504. take American nationality
505. be fond of
506. lead a simple way of life
507. leave a. for b.
508. go on with sth.
509. stick to sth.
510. take sides in
511. be respected as
512. further education
513. So far as I know
514. get sth. ready
515. in space
516. travel in a high circle
517. at the speed of
518. keep sth out of
519. set up an organization
520. with the help of
521. outer space
522. carry out
523. attempt to do sth.
524. be connected with
525. have a seat
526. personal affairs
527. see to sth.
528. mean to do sth.
529. make a note of
530. It's time sb. did sth
531. Remember me to sb
532. delay sth./doing sth
533. be well known for sth.
534. I dare say
535. pay sb. a visit
536. do repairs
537. There is no doubt about it
538. Sb.be supposed to do sth
539. a length of
540. I wish I did sth
541. dive off the rock
542. take a deep breath
543. go cycling
544. by weight
545. stay clean
546. a variety of
547. at a time
548. at the bottom of
549. feed on sth.
550. hold one's breath
551. for ages
552. in the opposite direction
553. the majority of
554. be out of work
555. in future
556. in the future
557. work out
558. be convenient to do
559. in the fields of education
560. pay bills
561. search a. for b.
562. vote for sb
563. on the screen
564. be against / for
565. take sth. for example
556. keep fit
557. electric hair drier
558. put sth into practice
559. by fax / telegraph
560. lay the table
561. quite by accident
562. light a cigar
563. buy a coffee
564. move from side to side
565. have a lot in common
566. happen to do sth
567. leave sb/sth. doing sth.
568. take over
569. on one's own
570. booking office
571. in rush hour
572. drive off
573. be in great surprise
574. be in total silence
575. be angry with sb. for sth.
576. be introduced to
577. a couple of
578. over and over again
579. put sb.in / into prison
580. the Nobel Peace Prize
581. set an example to sb.
582. make a speech
583. side by side
584. make friends / enimies
585. achieve one's goal
586. in one's lifetime
587. separate a.from b.
588. What is the time by one's watch
589. as a matter of fact
590. dream of
591. come true
592. even though / if
593. prevent …from doing
594. as though
595. in need of
596. end up
597. at the latest
598. look forward to
599. be familiar with
600. earn one's living
601. learn sth.by heart
602. in praise of
603. get married to
604. Let sb in
605. have a test
606. in peace
607. fall in love with
608. make sure of
609. suffer from
610. in public
611. set fire to
612. burn … to the ground
613. do wrong
614. sentence sb. to death
615. do a good deed
616. get together
617. all the best
618. have a word with sb.
619. connect with
620. in other words
621. free of charge
622. a bathing suit
623. pay heavy taxes
From Senior Book Five
624.have something to do with
625.be willing to do sth
626.devote one's time/life/effort to sth/doing sth
627.be determined to do sth
628.succeed in doing sth
629. in honour of
630.give off
631.belng to
632.set off a nuclear bomb
633.have an effect on
634.from then on
635.above all
636.believe in
637.heart and soul
638.pay off
639.provide sb with sth
640.go bad
641.insist on doing sth
642.take (an) interest in
643.take sth by surprise
644.with the purpose of
645.set out for some place
646.set sail
647.in searxh of
648.fall ill
649.in charge of
650.be worth doing
651.put out
652.look out
653.start a fire
654.become experienced at
655.separate…from…
656.feed on
657.round up
658.all the year round
659.hand down
660.rather than
661.give birth to
662.look forward to
663.now and again
664.fix a date
665starve to death
666.in a word
667.in debt
668.make good sense
669.help oneself to
670.express one's satisfaction with sth
671.bring in
672.go hand in hand
673.try out
674.a waste of money
675.admire sb for sth
676.remind sb of sth
677.get rid of
678.in this way
679.get rid of
680.break up
681.seek to do sth
682.be active in
683.shut down
684.sentence sb to death
685.masses of
686.protect sb from sth
687.watch over
688.fall to pieces
689.at war
690.take on
691.carry on with
692.fall into ruins
693 cover an area of 200 square kilometers
694.in a poor state
695.keep off
696.in battle
697.be of great importance
698.keep one's word
699.have a misunderstanding about sth
700.be ashamed of
701.ahead of time
702.burst into tears
703.but for
704.do everything sb can to do sth
705.express one's thanks
706.on the point of
707.so long as
708.give out
709.to one's delight
710.to be honest
711.take charge
712.on board
713.keep one's balance
714.be content with
715.be content to do sth
716.in all
717.be proud of
718.take pride in
719.lose one's voice
720.turn up
721.in actual fact
722.in a flash
723.in uniform
724.look round
725.on one's arrival
726.play a trick on
727.as busy as a bee
728.break into
729.be ready to do sth
730.scold sb for
731.take place
732.on condition that
733.make a promise
734.fall in love with
735.have mercy on
736.be seated
737.do the deed
738.go down on one's knees
739.at the mercy of
740.take…in one's arms
741.use one's head
742.paly the role of
743.according to
744.not all
745.lead an active life
746.hve no choice but to do sth
747.all through the winter
748.make use of
749.be connected with
750.lie in
751.move about
752.a good many
753.keep up
754.tear down
755.turn away
756.take possession of
757.now that
758.give in
759die out
760.have a hard time
761.become of
762.in chains
763.once in a while
764.pass down from generation to generation
765.roll over
强化训练：
高考英语词汇400题及详解
1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
[答案] D. considered
[注释] considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。
[注意]acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)
2. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.
A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise
[答案] C. consent
[注释] consent 同意, 赞成, 答应。conviction 深信, 确信。compromise 妥协, 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 运用能力。
3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.
A. powerful B. influential C. monstrous D. vigorous
[答案] A. powerful
[注释] powerful (=having or producing great power) 强有力的。在这里四个形容词中, 只有powerful (有效力的) 可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential 有影响的, 有势力的, monstrous 异常大的, vigorous 精力旺盛的, 强健有力的。
4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected
[答案] B. abandoned
[注释] abandoned (=give up completely) 放弃, 抛弃; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship.
[注意]abandon 暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣, 如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 绝迹; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of animals have vanished form the earth. (许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。) scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驱使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驱散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到处放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒绝接受; She rejected my suggestion.
5. Henry's news report covering the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.
A. understanding B. comprehensible
C. comprehensive D. understandable
[答案] C. comprehensive.
[注释] comprehensive 完全的无所不包的; comprehensible 能懂的, 可以理解的; understandable 可以理解的, 主要用来指人的行为。understanding 用来指人时, 表示"善于理解别人或别人问题的 (人) 。"注意下面的搭配：a comprehensive map (街区详图) ; a comprehensible remark (听得懂的话) ,an understandable mistake (可以理解的错误) ; an understanding friend (一位能理解人的朋友) 。
6. She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _____ to Scotland.
A. ticket B. place C. seat D. connection
[答案] D. connection
[注释] lose one's connection to 误了到......地方去的 (汽车、火车、轮船的) 联运; The train was late and I missed my connection.
7. The ship was _____ in a storm off Jamaica.
A. drowned B. sunk C. wrecked D. submitted
[答案] C. wrecked
[注释] wreck vt. 撞坏, 毁坏; 1) My son wrecked my car. 2) My car was completely wrecked in the accident.
sink vt. 下沉, 沉没, 该动词也可作及物动词用, 意为"使下沉", 但按本题句意看, 用被动语态不妥。 drown 溺死, 淹死： (vt.) He drowned his wife. (vi) He drowned in the river. (他在河里淹死了。) submit 1) (=put oneself under the control of another) 提交, 呈送 (to) ： Should a wife submit herself to her husband? (妻子应顺从他丈夫吗？) 2) (=put forward for option, discussion, decision ect.) 提出 (供评论、讨论决定等) You must submit your request to the committee. 3) (=surrender (to) , give in) 屈服,投降：After being defeated, they submitted to the enemy. (打败后, 他们向敌人投降了。)
8. No one has _____ been able to trace the author of the poem.
A. still B. yet C. already D. just
[答案] B. yet
[注释] yet 常用于现在完成时的否定句中, 意为"尚, 还"。
9. More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.
A. previously B. predominantly C practically D. permanently
[答案] B. predominantly.
[注释] predominantly (=mostly; mainly) 主要地。 previously (=coming earlier in time or order) 先前, 早先; This is better than any solution previously. (这个办法比以前提出的任何解决办法都好。) practically (=really; in a practical way) 实际上。permanently (=going on for a long time) 永久地。
本题译文：在美国, 华人中有三分之一居住在加利福尼亚洲, 其中主要是在旧金山。
10. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.
A. concise B. clear C. precise D. elaborate
[答案] A. concise.
[注释] concise (=brief; giving much information in few words) 简明扼要的：He gave a concise report of the meeting. (他对会议作了简明扼要的报道。) clear 清楚的。precise (=exact; correctly stated; free form error) 精确的, 明白无误的; Please tell me the precise measurements. (请告诉我精确的尺寸。) elaborate (=worked out with much care; carefully prepared) 精心制作的, 丰盛的：Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the money. (彼得制定了一项详尽得计划来筹集着笔款项。) 孤立地看, 似乎4个形容词均能修饰report, 但从句子的逻辑关系看, 后半句中有only in a few pages but with all the details, 故concise 是最贴切的选择了。
11. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusation
[答案] C. blame.
[注释]take the blame for 对......承担责任。Take charge of 负责管理 (照顾) 。[注意]charge 前无冠词the.
12. The worker agreed to _____ the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.
A. call for B. call forth C. call off D. call up
[答案] C. call off [注释] 详见III,25,26注释。
13. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.
A. look out B. make out C. get across D. take after
[答案] B. make out [注释] 详见III,123注释。
14. He has impressed his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.
A. eventually B. yet C. finally D. accordingly
[答案] D. accordingly.
[注释]accordingly (=for that reason, therefore) 因此, 所以。
15. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
[答案] D. effort.
[注释] effort (作可数名词用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的尝试：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking? (戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗？)
16. The firemen managed to _____ the fire in time.
A. extinguish B. prevent C. suppress D. ruin
[答案] A. extinguish.
[注释] extinguish (=put out) vt. 扑灭 (火焰等) 。Stop the fire虽然也可以搭配, 但按本句题意用extinguish为最佳。
17. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.
A. nothing but B. anything but C. above all D. rather than
[答案] B. anything but.
[注释] anything but (=far from being) 根本不; The boys knew they bad broken the rules, and they were anything but happy when they were called to the office. (=They were unhappy and afraid.) nothing but 只不过; Don't have him for a friend; he's nothing but a criminal. (不要把他当朋友, 他只不过是个罪犯。) I have nothing but two dollars. (我只有2美元。) above all最重要的。rather than 而不是.
18. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously injured.
A. broken off B. taken off C. written off D. picked up
[答案] C. written off. [注释] write off报废, 参看III, 200.注释; break off参看III.13.注释; take off参看III.170.注释; pick up参看III.130,129.注释。
19. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much obliged to you for your kind cooperation.
A. even so B. ever so C. as yet D. so far
[答案] B. ever so.
[注释]ever so (=very) 非常; It's ever so cold.与名词搭配时则用ever such, 如：She's ever such a nice girl. (她是一位非常好的姑娘。) even so (=although that is true, nevertheless; still) 即使如此：The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong. (=The fire was out, but the smell was still there.)
20. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office
[答案] B. effect. [注释]take effect 生效。
21. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.
A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived
[答案] B. accused.
[注释]accuse sb. of... 控告某人犯有......, warn sb. of警告、告戒某人有......deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某事。charge sb. with murder (指控某人犯有杀人罪) 。
22. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired
[答案] D. acquired.
[注释]acquired (=gain for oneself by skill or ability, by one's own efforts or behavior) (由技术、能力、努力或行为) 获得; 得到：He has acquired a good command of English language. (他已精通英语。) achieve, vt. 取得 (胜利、成功等) , 实现 (目标、目的等) 。 attain, vt. 达到 (目的等) , 取得 (成就等) ：1) I hope you will attain your object. (我希望你会达到你的目的。) 2) He attained success through hard work.
23. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
A. actual B. genuine C. real D. original
[答案] A. actual [注释]本题中actual (=existing in fact, not imaginary) 实际使用过的。
actual, read, genuine是同义词, 有时可以互换, 如：an actual (or real) event in history, (历史上的真实事件) , real (or genuine) banknotes (真钞票), 其反义词是false (假的) ; original (原来的) , 其反义词是duplicate (复制的) 。从不同的角度看, 似乎任何一个选择都说得过去, 但按照题意选A. actual 最佳, 因为题中强调的不是钢琴的真假, 而是指作曲家"实际使用过的"。本题译文：这是作曲家创作他的一些杰出作品时实际使用过的那台钢琴。
24. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. remedied
[答案] C. adjusted.
[注释]adjust (=arrange, put in order or agreement; make suitable or convenient for use) 强调, 调节, 使适应; The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。) My eyes have not been adjusted to dark yet. (我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。) 本句中adjust是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch. It's slow. (我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。)
25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of maturity.
A. fulfillment B. achievement
C. establishment D. accomplishment
[答案] B. achievement
[注释]achievement (=something successfully finished or gained especially through skill and hard work) 取得, 达到, 成就。例如：achievement age智力成熟年龄。fulfilment (=the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled) 履行, 实行。如：He was willing to face any hardship in fulfilment of his duties. (他愿意迎向困难去履行他得职责。) establishment 建立,建设。Accomplishment (顺利) 完成：It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days. (两天内打扫完这栋屋子是件很了不起的事。)
26. The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.
A. adaptable B. acceptable C. advisable D. available
[答案] D. available.
[注释] available. (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可用的, 有效的, 可得到的。例如：1) There are no doctors available in the remote areas. (在边远地区没有大夫。) 2) There tickets are available for on month. (这些票有效期一个月。)
acceptable 可以接受的：None of the suggestions was acceptable. advisable 明智的, 可取的, 适当的：I think it advisable that he be assigned to the job. (我认为指派他干这项工作是可取的。) adaptable 能适应的：He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.
27. Too many hotels have been built and this has _____ prices, making holidays cheaper.
A. cut short B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down
[答案] D. cut down.
[注释] cut down 参阅III,38注释。
28. He is a very honest official and never _____ any gifts from the people who sought his help.
A. accepted B. received C. took up D. excepted
[答案] A. accepted
[注释] receive 收到, 接到, 指"收, 接"这一动作; 而accept 是经过考虑"接受"下来, 表示当事人的态度, 如：I received the present, but I did not accept it. (我收到了这件礼物, 但我没有接受。)
29. He was not _____ to the club because he wasn't a member.
A. allowed B. admitted C. permitted D. approved
[答案] B. admitted.
[注释] admit sb. to (=allow sb. or sth. to enter; let in) 允许某人某物进入; 让......进入：1) Children are not admitted. (儿童免进。) Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school the school every year. (这所学校每年只收100名男生。) admit (=acknowledge; confess) 承认, 供认：1) We have to admit that he is a highly competent man. (我们不得不承认他是一位能力很强的人。) 2) The thief admitted his crime. 3) She admitted having read the letter, 4) I admit breaking the window. 注意admit后可接动名词的一般式或完成式。5) We must admit the task to be difficult。注意admit也可以接复合结构。allow和permit后均可接sb. to do sth., 故不合本题题意。approve sth. 批准; approve of doing sth. (=think well of) 赞成, 赞许：1) I am afraid they won't approve of your going there. (恐怕他们不会赞成你去那里的。) 2) I don't approve of your way of looking at things. (我不赞同你看待事情的方法。)
30. Although he doesn't like that law, he will _____ with it.
A. confine B. conform C. comply D. contend
[答案] C. comply [注释] comply with 遵守。
31. Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.
A. convicted B. arrested C. charged D. judged
[答案] A. convicted.
[注释]be convicted to 被判有...... (罪) ：He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有谋杀罪。)
32. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.
A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible
[答案] D. flexible.
[注释] flexible 灵活的, 可变通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.
33. Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?
A. in relation to B. in excess of
C. in contrast to D. in favor of
[答案] D. in favor of.
[注释] in favor of 赞成。in excess of 超过。in relation to 关系到。in contrast to 与......相对照。例如：
1) Everyone in the class voted in favor of the party. (=All of the children voted to have a party.)
2) We got $5000 in excess of the fixed sum. (我们盯定额多收入5000美元。)
3) This appears small in contrast to (with) that. (这个同那个对比起来显得小了。)
4) I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. (我对那件事有许多话要说。)
5) We must plan in (with) relation to the future. (我们定计划时要考虑到将来。)
本题译文：请所有赞成此项建议的人举手。
34. An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _____ couldn't see his work on his machine.
A. however B. therefore C. yet D. although
[答案] A. however.
[注释] however 然而。
本题译文：早期的打字机打起字来又快又整齐, 然而打字员不能看着机器键盘打字。
35. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly ------ what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits B. guides C. affects D. effects
[答案] C. affects.
[注释] affect (=have an influence or effect on) 影响：The climate affected his health. (气候影响[损害]了他的健康。)
[注意]affect vt. 影响。effect n. (=influent) 影响, 作用：Some films have a misleading effect on children. effect vt. (=bring about) 实行, 进行, 产生......后果:1) I will effect my purpose: no-one shall stop me! 2) We hope to effect an improvement. (我们希望能引起改进。)
注意两个常用的习语:1) to that effect 那个意思的 (话) ：She said she hated spinach, or words to that effect. (她说她不喜欢吃菠菜或那个意思的话。) 2) to the effect that... 意思时说, 表示下述意思：I said a few words the effect that all he had told us was already well known. (我说了几句话, 意思是说他告诉我们的一切都已众所周知。)
36. I can meet you at eight o'clock; _____ you can call for me.
A. incidentally B. actually
C. alternatively D. accordingly
[答案] C. alternatively
[注释]alternatively (=as an alternative) 作为一个替代办法：If however is used, but is not needed; or alternatively omit however. (如果使用however,就不需要but;或者作为一个替代办法省去however。)
[注意]alternately 和 alternatively的区别:alternately (交替地) ：At a Chinese dinner, the guests and the hosts sit alternately at a round table.
37. He has the _____ of an athlete: he really goes all out to win.
A. instants B. instances C. instincts D. intelligences
[答案] C. instincts.
[注释] instinct 天生的本领。instant n. 瞬间, 时刻; adj. 立即的, 直接的。如：instant coffee 速溶咖啡; instant food (s) 方便食品。例如：Spaceships are stocked with a variety of instant foods. (宇宙飞船上备有各种个样的方便食品。)
38. A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research.
A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents
[答案] B. awards.
[注释]awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他们授于约翰一等奖。)
对比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬谢某人, 须加介词with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (给予) , 答应 (请求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意给予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 赠送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我们班给学校送了一幅画。) present 颁发, 呈递：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校长将颁发文凭。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)
本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见, 本题应选award.
39. The old lady can't hope to _____ her cold in a few days.
A. get over B. get off C. hold back D. hold up
[答案] A. get over [注释] 参阅III,55注释。
40. Jim's plans to go to college _____ at the last moment.
A. fell out B. gave away C. gave off D. fell through
[答案] D. fell through，未能实现 [注释] 参阅III,49注释。
41. The Department is also deeply _____ in various improvement schemes.
A. connected B. included C. involved D. implied
[答案] C. involved.
[注释]be involved in 参与。Be included in 包括在......中。
42. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _____ know where to look.
A. virtually B. variously C. unavoidably D. invariably
[答案] D. invariably.
[注释]invariably 总是, 不变地。Virtually 事实上, 实际上。unavoidably不可避免地。
43. The boy had a _____ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.
A. close B. short C. narrow D. fine
[答案] C. narrow. [注释]have a narrow escape 幸免遇难。
44. Do you mind if I _____ with my work while you are getting tea ready.
A. get through B. turn to C. carry on D. come on
[答案] C. carry on. [注释]carry on 继续, 参看Ⅲ,28。
45. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _____ traffic jam.
A. in line with B. in case of
C. for the sake of D. at the risk of
[答案] B. in case of.
[注释] in case of 参看Ⅲ,94注释。
In line with (=in agreement with) 与......一致, 符合：His actions were not in line with his belief.本句中in line with...作表语。In line with history and social evolution socialism is inevitable.本句中in line with引导地短语作状语, 意为"按照"。For the sake of 为了......起见。At the sake of冒......的风险。
46. The finance minister has not been so _____ since he raised taxes to such a high level.
A. popular B. well-known C. favorable D. preferable
[答案] A. popular.
[注释]popular 此处意为" (=liked and admired) 受爱戴的, 有名声或声望的"。
47. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
[答案] B. position.
[注释]position 此句中指"地位" (不可数, 有时加不定冠词), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.
48. We all knew from the very _____ that the plan would fail.
A. outcome B. outset C. income D. output
[答案] B. outset.
[注释] outset 开端, 开始, from the very outset (从一开始) 。outbreak爆发, 发生。outcome结局. income 收入。output 产量。
49. He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _____ from his coat.
A. loosing B. losing C. off D. missing
[答案] D. missing.
[注释]missing 缺少的; a book with some missing pages. (缺页书) 。
50. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
[答案] B. charges.
[注释]make charges for对......收 (费) ; 索 (价) 。charge也可以用作动词, 表示"收费, 索价", 如：1) We don't charge anything for that. (对此我们不收费。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut? (理个发要收多少钱？)
51. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
[答案] C. mess.
[注释]make mess弄得乱七八糟。Make a mess of"把......弄得乱七八糟"：He made a mess of his work. (他把他的工作搞得乱七八糟。)
52. They have held several meetings to _____ next year's production plans.
A. set down B. make out C. work up D. draw up
[答案] D. draw up.
[注释]参阅III,42。
本题译文, 他们已开过几次会议来起草明年得生产计划。
53. How can we get this language point _____ to the students.
A. down B. round C. across D. into
[答案] C. across.
[注释]参阅III,64注释。
本题译文, 我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚？
54. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.
A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
[答案] A. outline.
[注释]outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。
55. Dress warmly, _____ you'll catch cold.
A. on the contrary B. or rather C. or else D. in no way
[答案] C. or else.
[注释]or else (=otherwise; if not) 否则：Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.
56. Kate's ambition to become a nurse _____ from a desire to help others.
A. prompted B. promoted C. programmed D. proceeded
[答案] D. proceeded.
[注释]proceed form (=arise form) 来自; 由......产生：1) Clouds of smoke proceeded form the chimney. (从烟囱里升起缕缕浓烟。) 2) This proceeded from ignorance. (这是出于无知。)
[注意] proceed 的其他用法： (=go on [to do sth.]; continue) 接着 (做某事) ; 继续进行; 1) He proceeded to give me a vivid description of the mountainous scenery there. (他接着给我栩栩如生地描述那里的山区景色。) 2) 接介词with; Now please proceed with your story. (现在请你接着将下去。) 3) 接介词to: We will now proceed to the next business. (我们现在将接着干下面的一件事。) 4) 准备取得 (某种学位) ：He will proceed to the degree of M.A. this year. (他准备今年取得文科硕士学位。)
本题译文：凯特想当护士的志向出自于帮助他人的愿望。
57. The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _____.
A. observation B. reservation
C. preservation D. conservation
[答案] D. conservation.
[注释] conservation 保存(自然资源等) the conservation of soil and water 水土保持; the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律。observation观察; reservation (旅馆房间、戏院座位等的) 预定; 保留 (意见) ; [美]保留地：1) Have you make your reservations? (你预定了没有？) 2) I will accept the suggestion without reservation. (我将毫无保留地接受这项建议。) 3) The government has set apart Indian reservations. (政府已经划出印地安人保留地。) preservation保存 We must strive for the preservation of our natural resources. (我们必须努力保护自然资源)
conservation, preservation, reservation从汉语概念出发时很容易混淆。Conservation是动词conserve派生的名词, 与原来动词的意义相同, 表示"保持、保存"时, 强调"珍惜、节用。 Preservation是动词preserve派生的名词, 强调"收藏、保存"使之完好无损或质量不变; 常与食品、博物馆收藏的展品等词搭配。Reservation主要指意见、看法等的"保留"; 作"保留地"解时, 尤指美国印地安人保留地或澳大利亚土著民族保留地。本题指自然生态的保持, 用conservation最切题。
本题译文：这个珍禽巢居的岛已宣布为自然保护区。
58. Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.
A. take B. hold C. make D. get
[答案] A. take.
[注释]take charge of (=to be or become responsible for sb. or sth.) 负责、掌管、看管; He took charge of the department (or the children) .
59. The child enjoyed _____ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down.
A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. forming
[答案] C. piling.
[注释] pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把......放成一堆, 堆积：pile up the books on the table (把书堆在桌子上) 。Pile up作不及物动词用, 意为"积压; (若干汽车) 相撞"：1) Perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。) 2) Several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于无视高速公路上的大雾警告, 有好几辆汽车相撞。)
60. John was very upset because he was _____ by the police with breaking the law.
A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged
[答案] D. charged.
[注释]be charged with受指控犯有......; He was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有凶杀罪。)
61. It isn't quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.
A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain
[答案] D. certain.
[注释]I am sure that +从句。He is sure to come. = He is certain to come.但在it作形式主语, that引导主语从句时, 主句中表语只能用certain, 不能用sure.
62. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B. realities
C. necessities D. probabilities
[答案] A. opportunities.
[注释]opportunity常指" (难得的应抓住的) 机会", 既可作可数名词, 也可以作不可数名词用, 如：I had few opportunities of meeting interesting people there. They had not much opportunity for hearing good music in the remote area.
63. The members of the club wouldn't run a _____ in entrusting（委托） the organization to an unreliable person.
A. danger B. risk C. hazard D. chance
[答案] B. risk.
[注释]run a risk (in) 冒险：You are running a big risk in trusting him.
本题译文：俱乐部成员不愿冒险把这个组织委托给一个不可靠的人管理。
64. The meeting was _____ when the chairman fell ill.
A. put down B. shut out C. cut short D. taken off
[答案] C. cut short.
[注释]cut short (=interrupt) 打断, 中断：1) He made a suggestion, but I cut him short. (他提了个建议, 但我打断了他。) 2) He cut short his tour and returned home. (他中断旅行, 回家了。) shut off (=cut off, interrupt) 切断, 中断; 由指切断供应等, 如：The water was shut off for several hours while the plumber repaired the pipes. Shut out (=keep out; exclude; prevent form entering) 把......关在外面, 排除, 不让入内：1) He shut the cat out. (他把猫关在外面。) 2) The law was designed to shut out immigrants. (这项法律旨在拒绝移民入竟。) 3) They shut out the dust by having double windows. (他们用双层窗户防尘。) 4) They begin to speak French, shutting out the boy from their conversation. (他们讲起法语来, 使这个男孩无法参加他们的谈话。)
65. John says that his present job does not provide him with enough _____ for his organizing ability.
A. scope B. space C. capacity D. range
[答案] A. scope.
[注释]本题中scope (=opportunity; outlet) 施展机会, 发展余地, 是不可数名词, 如：Give someone scope to show his ability. Range意指"变动范围; 视听范围; 理解范围", 如：the range of prices (价格变动范围).
66. I just managed to _____ a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat.
A. snatch B. scratch C. scrape D. scan
[答案] A. snatch.
[注释] snatch的原义是"攫取; 抓住; 夺得"。本题中snatch意指"匆忙间设法得到", 如：He snatched an hour of sleep. (他匆匆睡了一小时觉。) snatch a quick breath (匆忙猛吸了一口气)。
67. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very _____ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual
[答案] C. particular.
[注释]be particular about对......讲究, 挑剔; She is very particular about what she wears. (她对她得穿着很讲究。) Mr. Smith was quite particular about my work. (史密斯先生对工作十分挑剔。)
68. I don't think the charge for overhauling （大修）the equipment is excessive in _____ to its size.
A. correspondence B. equation
C. proportion D. dimension
[答案] C. proportion.
[注释]in proportion to是固定搭配, 意为"与......成比例, 与.......相称"。反义语：out of proportion不成比例,不相称。本题称。
本题译文：我认为该设备的大修费并不过分, 是与它的大小相称的。
69. Voices were _____ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.
A. swollen B. raised C. developed D. increased
[答案] B. raised.
[注释]raise (=lift up) one's voice提高嗓门, 高声叫喊。Raise one's voice against sth. 意为"为抗议某事而大声疾呼", 如：As no one raised his voice against the plan, it was agreed on. (因为没有人发表反对意见, 该计划就一致通过了。) voice的常用习语有：the public voice (舆论) , under one's voice (小声地) , with one voice (异口同声地,一致地) ,lose one's voice (嗓子哑了, 说不出话来) , have no voice with (对某事无发言权)。
70. Having lived in the town for quite a few years, Mr. Johnson no longer felt _____ among the local people.
A. out of order B. out of place
C. out of control D. out of the question
[答案] B. out of place.
[注释]out of place (=in the wrong place or at the wrong time; not suitable; improper) (作表语用) 不适宜, 不得体：1) Joan was the only girl who wore a formal at the party, and she felt out of place. (=She felt embarrassed because her dress was not suitable for the party.) 2) It was out of place for Russell to laugh at the old lady. (=It was not proper; she should not have done it.) 此外,out of place (=not in the right usual place or position) (作状语用) 不在原来通常的地方：Helen fell and knocked one of her teeth out of place. Out of order 发生故障; 失调。Out of control 失去控制。Out of the question 不可能的。
71. He stopped his ears with his hands to _____ the terrible noise.
A. show off B. cut out C. keep from D. shut out
[答案] D. shut out.
[注释]shut out排除。参看IV.64。
show off炫耀; cut out删掉; keep from; 1) 隐瞒; She kept the truth from me. (她向我隐瞒真相。) 2) 不沾, 避开; He keeps from alcohol. (他滴酒不沾。) 3) 使不做某事：She kept herself from laughing. (她没有笑出来。)
72. My house is the only brick one on the street. It _____ and you can't miss it.
A. stands up B. looks out C. sticks out D. wipes out
[答案] C. stick out.
[注释]stick out (=protrude, project) 伸出, 突出; 显露, 显眼：1) The doctor asked him to stick his tongue out. 2) Spelling mistakes stick out in this composition. (这篇作文中拼写错误很显眼。) stick out (=endure to the end) 坚持到底; If you can stick out a bit longer ,everything will be all right. (假如你能在坚持一下, 一切都会好起来。)
wipe out 擦去, 消灭, 参看III.193.注释.
73. After the show, the crowd _____ out of the theater.
A. poured B. melted C. drew D. dismissed
[答案] A. poured.
[注释]pour 此处意为：涌出, 涌来, 如：People poured out to the rally. (人们踊跃参加群众大会。)
74. Although it is not our normal _____ to give credit, this time I think we should consider the matter more closely.
A. state B. intention C. occasion D. practice
[答案] D. practice.
[注释]practice (=way of doing sth. That is common or habitual; sth. done regularly) 做法, 惯例 ：It is my practice always to rise early. To give credit 让赊欠：No credit is given at this shop. (这家商店概不赊欠。)
75. It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in _____.
A. news B. print C. publication D. press
[答案] B. print.
[注释]in print是习语, 意指"印出来, 发表出来", 如：She finally saw her novel in print. (她终于看到他的小说出版了。) in print 的另一个意思是"在印行, 还在发行", 如：This book is still in print. (这本书还在发行, 可以买到) 反义词是out of print , 意指"不在印行, 买不到了。"如：The book you speak of is out of print. (你说到的那本书已不在发行了。)
76. The engineers have rejected the employers' proposals to end the strike and the other workers have come out in _____.
A. opposition B. return C. sympathy D. readiness
[答案] C. sympathy.
[注释] in sympathy 以示同情, come out 此处意为 (=declare oneself) 表明态度, 所以come out in sympathy 意为"表示同情"。In return 作为报答, 如：I wanted nothing in return . (我不要什么报答。) collaboration协作, 如：work in collaboration with sb. (与某人协力合作) 。Opposition 反对, 如：rise in opposition to (起来反对) 。readiness 准备 (状态); 待机, 如：having everything in readiness for departure (做好一切准备, 以便出发)。
77. Her work is often very hard and she gets very tired. The work is _____.
A. wonderful B. splendid C. tedious D. magnificent
[答案] C. tedious .
[注释] tedious (=tiresome ;wearying; uninteresting) "沉闷的, 厌烦的, 乏味的"。
Splendid 壮丽的, 辉煌的, 极好的。magnificent 壮丽的, 宏伟的：It was a magnificent ceremony. (这是一次盛大隆重的仪式)。
78. With prices _____ so much, it's hard for the company to plan a budget.
A. fluctuating B. waving C. swinging D. vibrating
[答案] A. fluctuating
[注释]本句前一部分是"with+名词+现在分词短语"的独立结构, 做状语。Fluctuate (=move up and down) (指物价, 标准等的) 波动。如：Prices fluctuate from year to year. (物价年年波动) wave飘扬, 挥舞; 招手; (庄稼的) 波动。Swing摆动, 摇摆; vibrate振动。可见, 根据题意, 只能选A. fluctuating.
79. Some teenagers have a generalized resentment against society, which _____ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
A. deprives B. restricts C. rejects D. denies
[答案] D. denies.
[注释]deny (=refuse to give or allow) 拒绝给予:He denied his children nothing . (孩子们要什么他就给什么。) deprive (=take away from) .剥夺。deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物：They deprived women of the right to vote. (他们剥夺了妇女的投票权。) restrict (=keep within limits) The doctor restricted him to 5 cigarettes a day. (医生限制他一天抽5支烟。) reject (refuse to accept ) 拒绝接受, 如：She rejected my suggestion.
本题译文：一些十几岁的孩子们往往对社会有普遍的逆反心理, 虽然他们发育成熟, 但社会拒绝给予他们同成年人一样的权利和优惠。
80. Though _____ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
[答案] A. raised
[注释]本句中Though raised in San Franciscos是省略的让步状语从句。Raise (=bring up) 抚养：grow种植; cultivate耕作; 培养 (友谊等) 。如cultivate后接某人, 则意为"培养与某人的感情"。如：John always tries to cultivate the people, who are useful to him professionally. (约翰一向喜欢与事业上对他有用的人来往。)
本题译文：尽管在旧金山长大, 但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。
81. I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's _____.
A. priceless B. invaluable C. unworthy D. worthless
[答案] D. worthless.
[注释] worthless 无价值的, 无用的。Priceless 无价的, 贵重的, 无法估价的：a priceless treasure 无价之宝。Invaluable 无法估价的, 非常宝贵的。Unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 无价值的。
82. The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
[答案] B. performance.
[注释]performance (话剧的) 一场演出。
83. It was a long time before the cut on my hand _____ completely.
A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered
[答案] A. healed.
[注释] heal 1) 使痊愈, 治愈：The salve will help to heal the wound. (这种药膏能治愈你的伤。) 2) 痊愈 (多指外伤) ：The cut on my leg has healed. (我腿上的伤口以痊愈。) 可见, 本题是heal的第二种用法。cure治疗, 治好; The drug cured my fever. (这种药使我退烧了。) This medicine should cure you of your cold. (这种药定会治好你的感冒。) recover也可以表示"痊愈", 意为"恢复正常"。例如：1) I think she will recover. (我认为她会痊愈的。) 2) He almost fell ill, but quickly recovered. (他差点病到, 但很快就痊愈了。) 也可以用recovered做表语表示"痊愈, 恢复正常：Are you completely recovered from your illness? (你的病是不是完全好了？)
[注意] recover vi. 用作"痊愈"时, 句子主语通常是人。Improve 改善, 此词无"治疗"或"痊愈"之意。
本题译文：过了很长时间我手上的伤口才痊愈。
84. To get my travelers' checks I had to have the bank _____ a special check for the total amount.
A. make up B. make out C. make for D. make up for
[答案] B. make out.
[注释] make out 辨别, 详见III.123.注释.
85. She said she was glad the difficulty had been _____.
A. cleared away B. cleared up
C. broken away D. broken down
[答案] B. cleared up.
[注释] clear up 解释, 澄清; 解决：1) I had some doubts, but now they are cleared up. (以前我有许多疑点, 但现在都解决了。) 2) The book has cleared up many difficulties for me. (这本书解决了我不少困难。) clear away 清除。详见III.32.break away 和 break down 详见Ⅲ.6,7,11.注释.
86. I used to be able to play well but I'm _____ now.
A. out of date B. out of touch
C. out of practice D. out of place
[答案] C. out of practice.
[注释] out of practice荒废, 久不练习; out of date 过时, 老式; out of touch失去联系; out of place详见 III, 70注释。
87. As soon as the children were _____, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom.
A. woke B. waken C. wake D. awake
[答案] D. awake.
[注释]awake adj.醒着的 (作表语) 。Awake, awaken, wake, waken都可以作及物和不及物动词用, 但是awake多用作不及物动词, 其中wake最常用。
88. Jim was so badly burnt that at first they began to _____ of his life.
A. despair B. designate C. disappoint D. despise
[答案] A. despair.
[注释] despair of (=be in despair) 对.......失望：1) Don't despair: things will get better soon. 2) He began to despair of success. 3) He despaired of being able to repair the TV set. (他对能否修好这台电视机表示失望。) designate指明, 指出, despise 轻视, 藐视。
89. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
[答案] D. determination.
[注释] determination意为"决心", 后常接动词不定式作定语。
90. New mineral resources may be discovered during the forthcoming Antarctic _____.
A. excursion B. execution C. extraction D. expedition
[答案] D. expedition.
[注释]expedition 远征, 探险; excursion 短途旅行, 游览; execution 实施, 执行; extraction 提取。
91. Probability is the mathematical study of the _____ of an event's occurrence.
A. desire B. likelihood C. result D. effect
[答案] B. likelihood
[注释] 句意：概率是对事件发生的可能性的数学研究。
92. Driving a car without insurance can have _____ consequences.
A. uncertain B. disastrous C. potential D. unworthy
[答案] B. disastrous.
[注释] disastrous 灾难性的。
93. The police refused to _____ the clues they were working on.
A. exhibit B. disclose C. expose D. discern
[答案] B. disclose.
[注释]disclose (=uncover; allow to be seen; make known) 透露, 使显露： 1) The lawyer disclosed the details of the case. 2) He disclosed that he had made arrangements to buy a new car. exhibit 展览, 展出, 显示, expose 暴露,discern 认出, 发现, 辨别,识别。
本题译文：警方拒绝透露他们正在调查的线索。
94. What you have done is _____ the doctor's orders.
A. attached to B. resistant to
C. responsible to D. contrary to
[答案] D. contrary to.
[注释] (be) contrary to与.......相反, 违反 (作表语) :What you wish to do is contrary to the regulations. contrary to也可以作状语：a. If you act contrary to the doctor's advice, you won't get well again. b. Contrary to what I thought, he has proved to be successful. 2) 作定语：The boy was swimming in a direction contrary to the current. (这男孩朝着逆流方向游去。)
95. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _____ quality, he'd tell them so.
A. minor B. humble C. inferior D. awkward
[答案] C. inferior
[注释] inferior详见III.400.注释.
本题译文：这位商店售货员对顾客很坦率。如果货物质量不好, 他就把情况告诉顾客。
96. The continuous rain was _____ for the exceptional poor harvest
A. blamed B. condemned C. accused D. charged
[答案] A. blamed.
[注释] blame sb./sth. for ... 因.......埋怨、责怪 .......：He blames you for neglect of duty. (他责怪你玩忽职守。) condemn 谴责、判刑。Accuse sb. of控告某人犯有.......。charge sb. with控告某人犯有......。
97. The rocks are very big with _____ of colors on them.
A. bands B. marks C. rails D. shapes
[答案] A. bands.
[注释] band (颜色与其余部分不同的) 条纹。Mark痕迹, 斑点; 记号, 标记。本题是讲岩石上色彩不同的"条纹", 故用bands. rail (轨道) ,shape (形状) ,均不合题意。
98. There were no tickets _____ for Friday's performance.
A. preferable B. possible C. considerable D. available
[答案] D. available.
[注释] available (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可利用的; 可以找到的：1) These tickets are available for one month. (这些票的有效期一个月。) 2) Is there a doctor available? (有否可以找到大夫？) 3) A limited number of seats are still available. (仍然还有少量座位。)
99. Despite all the evidence to the contrary, the witness _____ that his story was true.
A. stuck out B. stood out C. kept down D. held up
[答案] A. stuck out.
[注释]stick out 坚持。详见III.400.注释.
100. In a typhoon, winds _____ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble
[答案] C. attain.
[注释] attain (=succeed in doing or getting) 达到 (目的等) ,取得 (成就等) :I hope you will attain your object, accomplish (顺利) 完成。assume假定, 假设, 承担。assemble集合; 装配。
101. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _____ in giving the class lectures.
A. exchange B. alter C. shift D. alternate
[答案]D. alternate.
[注释]alternate vt./vi. 轮流，交替发生或出现：Wet days alternate with fine days.(晴雨天交替更迭。)The weather today will alternate between fine and cloudy.(今天的天气将是晴间多云。)
shift般动，移动（vt.）；转移到，迁移（vi.）；改变：1)Lend me a hand to shift the piano, will you?(请帮个忙搬一下这台钢琴。) 2)They have shifted away from this area.(他们已从这一地区迁走了。) 3)The candidate is constantly shifting his opinion about the problem.(这位竞选者在这个问题上不断改变他的观点。)
exchange交换；exchange... for ... 用.......换......；alter(部分)修改。
102. Pack the cake in a strong box, or it might get _____ in the post.
A. splashed B. spilt C. crushed D. crashed
[答案]C. crushed.
[注释]crush压坏，压碎；弄皱；辗散；1)Don't crush this box; there are flowers inside.(不要把这个盒子压坏了，里面有鲜花。) 2)Her dress was crushed.(她的衣服弄皱了。) 3)The machine crushes wheat grain to make floor.(这台机器把麦粒辗成面粉。)
splash溅，泼；split(中间)裂开；crash(向下)猛跌；（飞机）失事。
103. The thief _____ the papers all over the room while he was searching.
A. abandoned B. vanished C. scattered D. deserted
[答案]C. scattered.
[注释]scatter(=throw or put in various directions, or here and there)撒。
abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃（而离开）。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。
104. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _____.
A. facilities B. appliances C. instruments D. equipment
[答案]B. appliances.
[注释]electric appliances电器用具，facilities公用设备。equipment设备,装备，是集合名词，指"设备"的总称，只有当数形式。instrument仪器。
105. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
[答案]C. reflection.
[注释]reflection此处意为"映在水中的倒影"，而不是"影子"或"阴影"，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。
106. One _____ needed when making a cake is flour; another is sugar.
A. container B. ingredient C. content D. equivalent
[答案]B. ingredient.
[注释]ingredient(混合物的)成分。container容器，含量；内容（复数）。equivalent:相等物。
107. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been _____.
A. behind the times B. behind schedule
C. ahead of time D. in no time
[答案]B. behind schedule.
[注释]behind schedule(=late, behind time)晚点：The train is running behind schedule today.(=The train is not on time today.)behind the times(=using things not in style; still following old ways; old fashioned)过时，跟不上时代，落后：1)The store is behind the times.(=The store is old-fashioned; it looks as stores looked 40 years ago.) 2) Mary thinks her parents are behind the times because they still do the fox-trot and don't know any new dances.(=Mary's parents are old-fashioned in their dancings .) ahead of time提前： They have fulfilled their production plans ahead of time, in no time(=soon, quickly)立即，马上：I'll be back in no time to see you home.
108. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to _____ him in his work.
A. hamper B. support C. assist D. encourage
[答案]A. hamper.
[注释]hamper(=hinder, prevent free movement or activity)阻碍：Lack of equipment is hampering our work.
本题译文：他们两人都认为他不怎么样并极力阻碍他工作。
Think highly of... 对...评价很高，认为......很好。
109. Her display of bad temper completely _____ the party.
A. harmed B. damaged C. spoilt D. hurt
[答案]C. spoilt.
[注释]spoil指出意指"使...... 扫兴，搞糟"，如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.(争吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt伤害，damage 损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。
110. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great _____.
A. emotion B. excitement C. crisis D. stress
[答案]D. stress. [注释]put sb. under(great) stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受（很大）压力。
111. The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too _____ for anyone to appreciate.
A. drastic B. dull C. obscure D. distinct
[答案]C. obscure.
[注释]obscure(=not clearly seen or understood)模糊难懂得。drastic激烈的，严厉的；dull单调的；distinct清楚的，明显的；截然不同的（from）。
本题译文：她提到她的朋友----诗人时所说的话是令人感兴趣，但没有说清楚，以致没有人为此感激。
112. He _____ his engagement just before the wedding.
A. broke out B. broke away from
C. broke off D. broke up
[答案]C. broke off.
[注释]break off(=cease suddenly, discontinue)突然中断；break off one's engagement(解除婚约)。Break off(=interrupt) one's conversation(打断谈话)。Break out(=begin suddenly)爆发。Break away from摆脱，从......退出。
113. When she heard from the hospital that her father had died, she _____ into tears.
A. burst B. went C. exploded D. fell
[答案]A. burst
[注释]burst into tears放声大哭；又如：burst into thunderous cheers(发出雷呜般的欢呼)；burst into laughing(捧腹大笑)。
114. Your help is _____ for the success of the project.
A. indispensable B. indicative
C. inevitable D. inherent
[答案]A. indispensable.
[注释]indispensable(to, for)不可缺少的，必需的。Indicative(of)指示的。Inevitable 不可避免的。Inherent固有的，内在的，天生的。
115. _____ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
[答案]B. But for
[注释]but for(=without, except for)若非，要不是：But for your help we could not have finished it in time.(要不是你的帮助，我们本来不会及时完工。)
116. It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.
A. impression B. comment C. reaction D. opinion
[答案]C. reaction.
[注释]reaction(to)对......的反应：Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.
117. Our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.
A. respectable B. respected C. respective D. respectful
[答案]D. respectful.
[注释]respectable(=deserving respect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showing respect to)有礼貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各个的。respected尊敬的。Respecting prep.(=relating to; concerned with)关于，说到。
118. We could see that he was trying to _____ his own responsibility for the delay, instead of accepting his fault.
A. run over B. smooth over C. pass off D. turn down
[答案]B. smooth over.
[注释]smooth over(=make smooth, put right, balliate)使平息，使恢复正常的，掩饰：1)I will try to smooth their quarrel over.(我将设法平息他们的争吵。) 2)Don't try to smooth over your fault.（不要设法掩饰你的过错。）
run over 详见145,146.注释；pass off详见126.注释；turn down详见180,181.注释.
119. Glemp's heroic flight into space entitled him _____ a place in history.
A. for B. with C. to D. of
[答案]C. to.
[注释]entitle sb. to sth.(=give a right to)给予权利： 1)He is entitled to special treatment because of his rank(由于他的级别他有权享受特殊待遇。) 2) Officers are entitled to travel first class.（军官们有权乘头等车旅行。）
120. He's _____ drink and never does a stroke of work.
A. gone to B. taken to C. taken up D. gone for
[答案]B. taken to.
[注释]take to养成（某种习惯）。A stroke of一件。本题译文：他以成了酒徒，从来没有干过一件工作。
121. "Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?"
"Most of the fault lies _____ the administration."
A. in B. to C. on D. with
[答案]D. with.
[注释]lie with应由.......（承担责任）；（作出决定等）得靠...... 1)The responsibility lies with the driver.(责任应由这个司机承担。) 2)It lies with you to accept or reject he the proposal.(接受还是拒绝这项建议由你决定。)
lie in在于： 1)The difficulty lies in their great poverty.(困难在于他们非常贫困。) 2)the solution lies in social and political reform.(解决方法在于社会政治改革。)
122. People who live in a small village are bound to see a good _____ of each other.
A. sum B. quantity C. deal D. amount
[答案]C. deal.
[注释]see a good deal of each other 经常见面。
123. Maria _____ missed the first train so as to travel on the same one as John.
A. deliberately B. intensively
C. decisively D. objectively
[答案]A. deliberately.
[注释]deliberately(=on purpose, intentionally)故意地；存心地。
124. They always kept on good _____ with their next-door neighbors for the children's sake.
A. friendship B. relations C. intentions D. terms
[答案]D. terms.
[注释]keep (be) on good terms with与......和睦相处。
125. Do you think a wife should _____ her habits and tastes to those of her husband?
A. comply B. confirm C. consent D. conform
[答案]D. conform.
[注释]conform vi遵守，符号：All the students must conform to the rules.(全体学生必须遵守规章。)conform sth. to sth. else(vt)使符合：He conformed the plans to the new specifications.(他使这些集合符合新规范。) comply with遵守；confirm使坚定，确认，证实；consent (to)同意，赞同。
126. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent _____ to the ground.
A. crashing B. throwing C. rushing D. dropping
[答案]A. crashing.
[注释]crash(to the ground)猛跌（到地上）。Crash n.
常指飞机等的"失事"，如：He was killed in an aircraft crash.(他在飞机失事中丧生。)本句中用falling不妥，fall指"落下，掉下"，本身并不强调落下的速度，而crash使"猛跌"，故本题用crashing最佳。
127. High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money.
A. discourage B. decrease C. disturb D. disgust
[答案]A. discourage
[注释]discourage sb. from doing sth.使认为某事不值得做：Tht wet weather discouraged people from going to the sports meeting.(下雨天使人觉得不值得去看运动会。)
128. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.
A. equivalent B. uniform C. alike D. likely
[答案]A. equivalent.
[注释]equivalent相等的，相当的：He exchanged his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. uniform 相同的,一样的。Likely adj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表语形容词)相同的，相象的。
129. The two things are the same in outward form but different _____.
A. in addition B. in brief C. in common D. in essence
[答案]D. in essence.
[注释]in essence本质上；in addition此外；in brief简短地，简言之；in common共同。
130. _____ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.
A. By the way B. In a way C. In the way D. In no way
[答案]B. In a way.
[注释]in a way(-to some extent)在某种程度上；in no way决不；by the way 顺便提一下；in the way 碍事。此题不能选by the way，因为by the way 做插入语其后应加逗号。
本题译文：我没有得到我申请得工作在某种程度上说是件好事，尽管我承认当时我很失望。
131. _____ inviting guests and not treating them properly!
A. Strangely B. Fantastically C. Surprisingly D. Fancy
[答案]D. Fancy.
[注释]fancy doing 没想到.......竟然：1)Fancy your him!(没想到你竟然认识他！) 2)Fancy spending the day in here!(没想到竟在这里过了一天！)
本题译文：没想到邀请了客人竟没有好好招待！
132. With sufficient scientific information a manned trip to Mars should be _____.
A. obtainable B. potential C. considerable D. feasible
[答案]D. feasible.
[注释]feasible(=that can be done)可行的，可做到的：1)Your plan sounds quite feasible.(你的计划听起来很可行。) 2)It's not feasible to make the trip in one day.(一天内要进行这次旅行是做不到的。)
obtainable可得到的；considerable相当的，可观的；potential潜在的，可能的。
133. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
[答案]B. gap.
[注释]generation gap 代沟。
division分，划分；separation分开；interval间隔，间隙；（幕间或工间）休息。at intervals 不时，时时
134. If the boy had _____ the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him.
A. set B. left C. had D. put
[答案]B. left.
[注释]leave sb./sth. alone不惹，不管，不碰：Leave the box alone.(别碰那个盒子。)
135. They were so far away that I couldn't _____ their faces clearly.
A. see through B. make up C. see off D. make out
[答案]D. make out.
[注释]make out(=identify and see with effort or difficulty)辨认出。
see through参阅，151,注释:此处see through还可表示"看穿......(=understand the real meaning of or reason for; realize the falseness of)"： 1)The teacher saw through the boy's story of having to help at home. (=The teacher knew his story was not true; it was just an excuse.) 2) He can't fool her. She sees him through every time.
see off送行；make up构成，组成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装，编造：1)编造：John made up the joke about the talking dog. 2)弥补：Bob must make up the work he missed. 3)凑足： We need one more to make up the dozen. 4)化装： The actors were making up when we arrived. 5)构成：Nine players make up a team.
136. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious _____ without scientific basis.
A. process B. practice C. procedure D. program
[答案]A. process.
[注释]process(=connected series of actions, or series of operations) 过程：By what process is cloth made form wool?(经过什么过程羊毛织成呢料？)practice(=the doing of something of, performance or repeated exercise, etc.)实习，练习；开业: She is doing her practice at the piano.(她在练习弹钢琴。)procedure(=the regular order of doing things)程序：the usual procedure at a meeting(开会的通常程序)。Program(=plan of what is to be done or list of items or events)课程，计划，大纲：What is the program for tomorrow ?(明天上什么课?)
137. I must go now. _____, if you want that book I'll bring it next time.
A. Incidentally B. Accidentally
C. Occasionally D. Subsequently
[答案]A. Incidentally.
[注释]incidentally(=by the way)附带地，顺便：Fred said, incidentally, that he had no dinner.(顺便提一下，福来德那时说，他还没吃晚饭。)accidentally(=by chance)偶然地：I met with an old friend of mine accidentally last week.(上星期我偶然碰到一位老朋友。)occasionally (=from time to time, not regularly)不时地，偶尔：We get visitors here occasionally.(我们偶尔在此接游客。)subsequently(=afterwards, later) At first we thought we would go; but subsequently we learned we were needed at home.(起初,我们想离开；但随后我们得知家里需要我们。)
138. A completely new situation is likely to _____ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.
A. arouse B. rise C. arise D. abide
[答案]C. arise.
[注释]arise(=come into being, appear, happen)产生，发生：Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(我们做这项工作时将会发生困难。)
arouse 唤起，激起，唤醒；rise 上升;abide (by)遵守。
本题译文：当中学毕业年龄上升到16岁时，很可能产生完全新的情况。
139. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis (肝炎).
A. diagnosed B. determined C. deduced D. discovered
[答案]A. diagnosed.
[注释]diagnose...as 把......诊断为......。
本题译文：玛丽的病现已诊断为肝炎。
140. These continual _____ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.
A. alterations B. vibrations C. waves D. fluctuations
[答案]D. fluctuations. [注释]fluctuations波动；waves波浪；alterations(部分)改变，变更；vibrations(物理学上)振动。
141. All foreign visitors are requested to _____ with the regulations in this area.
A. agree B. comply C. consent D. conform
[答案]B. comply.
[注释]comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule, etc.)遵守：People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished.(拒绝遵守法律者将受到惩罚。)conform(to)使一致，符合；conform to rules符合规则；conform to the customs of society(遵从社会习俗)；consent to 同意，赞同；consent to a plan(赞同计划)。
142. Thomas Edison considered genius to be _____ one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
A. composed of B. constituted in
C. consisted of D. comprised in
[答案]A. composed of.
[注释]be composed of由......组成。Consist of由......组成，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态，故不合题意。
143. Although Lucy was slimming, she found cream cakes quite _____.
A. irregular B. inevitable
C. incredible D. irresistible
[答案] D. irresistible
[注释]irresistible不可抵抗的，诱人的，1)I had a irresistible desire to run away,2)I can't refuse this offer; it is irresistible.
Irregular 不规律的, 不合规则的：1)the trains from here are irregular.(这里发的火车是不规律的。) 2)These procedures are highly irregular.(这些程序是非常不合规矩的。)
incredible 不可避免的，不可信的：1)Old superstitions are incredible to educated people.（旧的迷信对受过教育的人来说是不可信的。）2)His story of rescuing six drowning men is incredible.(他说他救了6个溺水者，这是难以置信的。)
inevitable 不可避免的：1)Traffic delays are inevitable at a holiday weekend.（假日周末交通耽搁是难免的。）2)Pain is Inevitable when one breaks a bone.（骨折是疼痛是难避免的。）
本题译文：虽然露西正在减轻体重，但她觉得奶油蛋糕是诱人的。
144. In order to _____ the rising production costs, the subscription rates have been increased.
A. add up to B. look up to C. cut short D. keep up with
[答案]D. keep up with.
[注释] keep up with跟上。参阅。88注释。Add up to参阅.2注释；cut short 详见.38;look up to(=admire, respect)赞美，尊敬：We look up to the old workers as our teacher.（我们把这位老工人尊为我们的老师。）本题中rates意为"价格，费用"。
本题译文：为了跟上生产成本的上升，预定费已提高。
145. Your essay is quite good: just _____ it _____ with a few illustrations and quotations.
A. put .. up B. touch .. up
C. cut .. out D. write .. off
[答案]B. touch up.
[注释] touch up(=improve or perfect by small additional strokes or alterations)润色，修饰：1)The last part of the article needs to be touched up.(这篇文章的最后一部分需要润色。) 2)He touched up the picture by strengthening and shadows.(他把画修饰了一下，使光明部分和阴暗部分的对比度更鲜明。)
put up留宿；cut out 删掉；write off报销，勾消。
本题译文：你的文章很好；只要用些例证和引语修饰一下。
146. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.
A. regard B. account C. thought D. observation
[答案]B. account.
[注释] take sth. into account(=consider)考虑到：We must take local conditions into accoutn.
147. There are three basic ways of _____ language to writing, and all known graphic systems use one or a combination of these.
A. committing B. attaching C. comparing D. relating
[答案]A. committing.
[注释] commit...to 托付，交付：1)He was committed to the care of his aunt.(他被托付给他的姨妈照管。) 2)I have already committed the rules to memory.(我早已记住这些规则了。)
commit sth. to writing(把......写下来)。
148. Roses are quite _____ flowers in English gardens.
A. ordinary B. common C. usual D. general
[答案]B. common.
[注释]common(=usual and ordinary; happening of found often and in many places)普通的；常见的；常常发生的；到处可见的：a common experience(普通的经历)；a common tree(常见的树木)。This bird is common throughout Europe.(这种鸟在欧洲很常见。)They can treat most of the common diseases.(他们能治疗大多数常见病。)
usual(=done, found, used or existing most of the time) 经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的；强调时间习惯方面，例如：This is the usual state of the house.(这房子里平常就是这种样子。)
ordinary正常的，普通的，正常的；an ordinary day(平凡的一天)，ordinary people(普通人), a piece of ordinary dance music(一首普通的舞曲)。
General普通的。它与common比较，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意外。
可见本题中用common是最佳的选择。
149. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denied
[答案]D. denied.
[注释] deny 1)否认：A. He didn't deny the facts. B. They couldn't
deny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say 'no' to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不给予；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)
150. On turning the corner, we saw the road _____ steeply.
A. departing B. decreasing C. descending D. depressing
[答案]C. descending.
[注释] descend(=come or go down)走下来；传下来：1)He descended from the top of the mountain. 2)Are men descended from apes?(人是不是猿的后代？)
depress 压抑，使沮丧。Depart出发，起程。
151. We can't _____ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.
A. hope B. wait C. expect D. imagine
[答案]C. expert.
[注释]expert期望，盼望，表示认为有很大的客观可能性，例如：I expert the work to be finished by Friday.（我期望这项工作能在星期五前做完。）wait for ... to do sth.等待、等待......做......，强调"等"这一动词的本身，如：The audience are waiting eagerly for the performance to begin.(观众正等着演出开始。)本题如改为这样：I waited for him to arrive in time for dinner, but he didn't come.(我等他来赶上晚餐，但他没有来。)则句子使是对的。由此可见，expect是表示"期待"，而wait for 是表示"等待"，词义完全不同。
注意hope后不能接sb. to do sth.。imagine being on the moon. 3)I'm sorry, but I can't imagine anyone doing research like that.(很遗憾，我不能想象人家那样做实验。)
本题译文：我们不能期望一个人在这样短的时间内改变一辈子养成的习惯。
152. It was necessary to _____ the factory building as the company was doing more and more business.
A. extend B. increase C. lengthen D. magnify
[答案]A. extend.
[注释]本题中extend意为"扩大"。lengthen拉长,延长。magnify放大。 Spread vi. 传播；vt.展开；He spread butter on the toast.(他在烤面包上涂上奶油。)
153. I asked the tailor to make a small _____ to my trousers because they were too long.
A. change B. variation C. revision D. alteration
[答案]D alteration.
[注释]alteration 修正，更改，尤指部分的改变。Change改变，变化，可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化。Revision修订、修正，常指文章、词典、剧本等的修改、订正。Variation(形式、位置、条件的)变化、改变、变动：We need some variation in our daily routine.(我们的例行公事需要作些变动。)
154. Because of the strong sun Mrs. William's new dining room curtains _____ from dark blue to gray within a year.
A. faded B. fainted C. paled D. diminished
[答案]A. faded.
[注释]fade vt/vi褪色。Faint晕到，变得虚弱：He fainted from hunger. Diminish vt./vi.减少：1)His illness diminished his strength. 2)The campers' food supply diminished as the days wore on.(随着日子的缓缓消逝，野营者的食品供应日益减少。)pale变苍白。
155. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. _____, I can't speak too highly of him.
A. As a result B. By the way
C. On the whole D. In a word
[答案]D. In a word.
[注释]in a word(=in short)总之，简言之。
本题是测试"过度词"，考生务必根据上下文的逻辑关系来选择适当的过渡词，使句子的意思前后连贯。
156. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to _____ a scientific theory.
A. confirm B. confine C. conform D. conceive
[答案]A. confirm.
[注释] confirm(=support; make certain; give proof of)证实，确实：1)Please confirm your telephone message in writing.(请把你电话中所说的话再用文字复述一篇。) 2)The king confirmed that the election would be on June 20th.(国王确认，这次选择将于六月二十日举行。)
confine...to把......限制于：Please confine your remarks to the subject we are talking about.(请把你的话限止于我们正在谈论的题目。)conform (to)使一致，符合，遵守。Conceive 1)想到，想出：He very quickly conceived a new plan.[注意]conceive of想象:They could not conceive of the possibility of failure.(他们不能想象失败的可能。)
157. Political parties often differ in their views on various _____ concerning their own countries.
A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns
[答案]c. issues.
[注释]issue此处意为"重大问题"。measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切。pattern模式，图案，图样。与题意不符，不能入选。way 方法，方式。
158. _____ his knowledge of the mountainous country, John Smith was appointed as our guide.
A. In spite of B. On account of
C. Regardless of D. Instead of
[答案]B. On account of
[注释]on account of(=because of)由于，因为。regardless of(=without worrying about)不顾；Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.
159. The lawyer was expected to _____ some proposals after reading all those documents.
A. come up with B. put up with
C. look up to D. keep up with
[答案]A. come up with.
[注释]come up with提出。参阅，33。注释。Put up with忍受；keep up with跟上，与......保持一致；look up to尊敬。
160. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _____ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.
A. occasionally B. simultaneously
C. eventually D. directly
[答案]A. occasionally.
[注释]occasionally 偶尔。参阅137注释。Simultaniously同时地； directly直接
161. In my opinion, you can widen the _____ of these improvements through your active participation.
A. dimension B. volume C. magnitude D. scope
[答案]D. scope.
[注释]scope(=the area within the limits of a questions, subject ect. ; range)(活动)范围，机会，余地：The politics of a country would be outside the scope of a book for tourists.(一个国家的政治不属于旅游手册的内容范围之内。)
dimension尺寸，尺度；magnitude大小，数量；volume体积。均不切题，不能入选。
本题译文：依我看，通过你的积极参与，你能够扩大这些改进措施的范围。
162. The noise was so _____ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.
A. dim B. soft C. faint D. gentle
[答案]c. faint.
[注释]faint(=weak, indistinct; not clear)"微弱的，模糊的，不清楚的"。Dim(=not bright, not clearly to be seen)不亮的，看不清的；the dim light of a candle(微弱的烛光)。
163. If he refuses to _____ my plan, I can probably find someone more cooperative.
A. put up with B. fall in with
C. do away with D. get along with
[答案]B. fall in with.
[注释]fall in with(=agree to)同意：Is it true that you have fallen in with them?(你真的同意他们的意见吗？)put up with忍受。do away with废除；杀死。get along with进行，进展；相处。
本题译文：如果他不肯同意我的计划，我或许能找一个更能合作的人。
164. Some people either _____ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.
A. violently B. sincerely C. properly D. deliberately
[答案]D. deliberately.
[注释]deliberately(=on purpose)故意地。Sincerely真诚地；violently强暴的，激烈的，暴力引起的。
properly 1)好好地，恰当地；She never makes any attempt to clean it properly.(她从来也不打算好好地把它擦干净。) 2)严格地：Properly speaking, a whale is not a fish.(严格地说，鲸鱼不是鱼。)
165. Her skirt had been so _____ in packing that she had to iron it before going out.
A. faded B. torn C. dirty D. crushed
[答案]D. crushed.
[注释]crush把......弄皱。因为后半句中iron指"熨平"，所以不能选其他答案了。
166. His landlady gave him a week's _____ to leave the flat.
A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution
[答案]B. notice.
[注释]notice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give one's employee a month's notice (通知雇员一个月后离职)。本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。
167. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _____ at the other store.
A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones
[答案]D. the ones
[注释]代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators；因特指，故用the ones.
168. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _____.
A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normal
[答案]D. normal
[注释]normal正常的；ordinary普通的；usual平常的；regular有规律的，定期的。
169. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is _____ rapidly transformed.
A. anything but B. more or less C. at large D. any more
[答案]B. more or less.
[注释]more or less 或多或少地；anything but根本不；at large大体上；逍遥法外；详细地。
本题译文：随着经济基础的改变，整个庞大的上层建筑也或多或少地发生变革。
170. The author of the report is well _____ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.
A. acquainted B. informed C. enlightened D. advised
[答案]A. acquainted.
[注释]be acquainted with熟悉，be well informed of(about)对......消息灵通。可见，此题中应用acquainted,因为后面地介词是with.
171. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central _____ must be taken by scientists and technologists.
A. process B. attention C. measure D. part
[答案]D. part.
[注释]take part in参加。
本题译文：显然，整个世界正经历着一场社会革命；科学家和技术人员必定是这场革命地主要参加者。
172. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more _____.
A. at length B. at last C. at stake D. at ease
[答案]C. at stake.
[注释]at stake(=to be won or lost; risked, depending upon the result of sth.)在危险中；利害攸关；His life itself was at stake.(他的生命本身濒临危险。); at last最终；at length详细地；at ease安详，自在，随便，不拘束：She knew he was not at ease.(她知道，他并不自在。)
本题译文：农民们比城里人更渴望鱼，因为雨水对农民来说关系更大。
173. When the big bills for mother's hospital care came, father was glad he had money in the bank to _____.
A. fall short of B. fall through
C. fall back on D. fall in with
[答案]C. fall back on.
[注释]fall back on求助于。参阅Ⅲ.48注释。
Fall short of没达到，低于：1)He fell short of what we had expected.(他没有达到我们的期望。) 2)The measures proposed fall far short of what is required.(所提出的这些措施远没达到需要的 目标。)
Fall in with与......一致，符合；同意，赞成，支持。
Fall through落空。参阅Ⅲ.49注释。
本题译文：母亲在医院就医的各种帐单送来时，父亲高兴的是他可用银行里的存款来支付。
174. These plastic flowers look so _____ that many people think they are real.
A. beautiful B. natural C. artificial D. similar
[答案]B. natural.
[注释]natural自然的，与后半句"许多人认为它们是真的"相呼应。
175. The managing director promised that he would _____ me as soon as he had any further information.
A. communicate B. notice C. notify D. note
[答案]C. notify.
[注释]notify通知。Notice n.通知；v.注意到；note n.笔记；v.记下，摘下。
176. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business.
A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance
[答案]C. occasion
[注释] occasion 作可数名词时，意为"时机"，作不可数名词时，意为"必要"，本题中occasion意为"必要"。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.
177. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.
A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
[答案]D. point.
[注释]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要点；论点，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他说的不切题。)
178. It has always been the _____ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities.
A. plan B. campaign C. procedure D. policy
[答案]D. policy.
[注释]policy(尤指政党、政府、大企业、商行等的)政策，方针。Campaign(政治或竞选的)运动；（军事的）行动，procedure做事的手续、程序，rule规则，plan计划，均不合题意。
本题译文：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。
179. The climbers _____ their ambition by reaching the summit of the mountain.
A. obtained B. sustained C. maintained D. realized
[答案]D. realised.
[注释]realise sth. by doing sth. else通过做......来实现.......。
180. I remember her face but I cannot _____ where I met her.
A. recall B. remind C. remember D. remark
[答案]A. recall.
[注释]recall(=bring back to the mind)想起，回忆起：But I really cann't recall your name at his moment.
Remind sb. of ...使......想起：1)The photo reminds me of my late father.(这张照片使我想起已故的父亲。) 2)The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
Remind sb. to sth.提醒......做......；Please remind me to write the letter.
181. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.
A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning
[答案]A. purpose.
[注释]on purpose是介词习语，意为"故意地"。如用intention,则应说by intention故意地。
182. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
A. by accident B. on occasion
C. at random D. on an average
[答案]C. at random.
[注释]at random(=without aim or purpose)随便地，胡乱地：His clothes were scattered about the room at random.
By accident意外地；on occasion偶尔；on an average平均计算。
183. The open university was started in order to help those who _____ having a university education when they were young.
A. stopped B. failed C. missed D. ceased
[答案]C. missed.
[注释]miss doing sth.没有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。)
184. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A. shape B. pattern C. design D. model
[答案]D. model.
[注释]model此句中意为"（飞机的）模型"。
185. If you _____ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.
A. conduct B. dismiss C. grant D. moderate
[答案]D. moderate.
[注释]moderate(=make or become less violent or extreme)节制，缓和，减轻。
186. Don't _____ the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead (许可，准许).
A. release B. discard C. relieve D. retain
[答案]A, release.
[注释]release(=allow news to be published)发布（新闻）：Details of the scheme have not yet been released to the public.(这项计划的细节尚未向公众发布。)
relieve 1)减轻（痛苦，紧张情绪等）：What will relieve a headache? This will help to relieve our hardship. 2)使放心，使宽慰：The good news relieved us, for we had been very anxious. 3)赈济，救济：The fund is for relieving distress among the flood victims. 4)relieve...from(of)解除，免除； a. This medicine will help to relieve you from your pain. b. He was relieved of his duties.
retain(= keep; continue to have or hold)保持，继续保有：1)She retains a clear memory of her schooldays. 2)You must retain your tickets.
187. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _____ of vegetables in the coming days.
A. rarity B. scarcity C. invalidity D. variety
[答案]B. scarcity.
[注释]scarcity(=the state of being scarce)缺乏；不足（指原本充足之物暂时在数量上的缺乏）。例如：The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.(水果的供应不足是干旱所引起的。)rarity(=sth. uncommon, unusual or sth. valued because rare)珍稀，稀少：Snow is a rarity around the equator.(雪在赤道周围是罕见之物。)invalidity(=making weak by illness; not suitable for use)无效性，丧失工作能力。Variety(=difference of condition or quality)变化，多样化。
本题译文：目前席卷这一地区的暴风雨今后肯定会引起蔬菜短缺。
188. Jack almost fell off the cliff, but managed to _____ until help came.
A. keep on B. catch on C. count on D. hang on
[答案]D. hang on.
[注释]hang on(=hold fast, keep hold)牢牢抓住，抓紧不放：Help! I can't hang on much longer.(救命啊！我支持不住啦。)keep on(doing sth.)继续（做......）；catch on 理解；count on 指望，依赖。
本题译文：杰克差点从悬崖上掉下来，但得以抓住不放直到得救。
189. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _____ healthy.
A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve
[答案]B. stay.
[注释]preserve, stay, maintain, reserve这4个词均有"保持"，"维持"之意。stay后可接形容词作表语：The weather stayed wet for three days.其他3个词均为及物动词。
Preserve(=keep safe from decay, risk, harm, danger, going bad etc.)保存，保护：1)Policemen preserve order in the streets.(警察在街上维持秩序。) 2)We must preserve our natural resources.(我们必须保护自然资源。)3)You paint woodwork to preserve it.(你油漆木制品以防腐烂。)
Maintain(=keep up)保持，维持，维修。
Reserve(=keep for a special purpose; store)保留，预定：1)I'll reserve my opinion at his time,(这时我将保留我的看法。) 2)I'll phone up today and reserve a room.(我今天将打电话预定一个房间。)
本题译文：专家们说，步行是一个人保持健康的最好方法之一。
190. Expected noises are usually more _____ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.
A. manageable B. controllable
C. tolerable D. perceivable
[答案]C. tolerable.
[注释]tolerable(=fairly good, not too bad)可忍受的：The pain has become tolerable. manageable可处理的；可管理的；controllable可控制的；perceivable可觉察的。
本题译文：料想到的嗓音通常情况下比起等量的意外嗓音来说是可以忍受的。
191. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _____.
A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all
[答案]C. at all.
[注释]at all全然，真地（常用于肯定句中）：If you do it at all, do it well.(你若真做，就得做好。)not...at all全不，毫不：He doesn't seem at all interested in my plane.(他似乎对我的计划毫无兴趣。)above all(=most important of all)最重要的。in all总计：We were fifteen in all.(我们总计15人。)after all毕竟，终究。
本题译文：他是否努力工作到并不重要，问题是他是否真正地做了。
192. Mary had taken _____ to see that her guests had everything that they could possibly want.
A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D. endeavors
[答案]B. pains.
[注释]take pains to do sth.下苦功夫做某事：I'm grateful because you have taken pains to show me how to do the work.
193. He ate what he could, and gave the _____ of the food to the birds.
A. remain B. uneaten C. rest D. part
[答案]C. reset
[注释]the rest (of)剩余部分，其余。remain作"剩余物"(=what is left)解时常用复数形式，如：the remains of a meal(残羹剩饭)。[ALI]《新英汉辞典》认为也可以用单数，可作参考。
194. The government placed _____ on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.
A. limitations B. restraint
C. requirements D. restrictions
[答案]D. restrictions.
[注释]restriction(可数名称)限制性规定：It is a club with rigid restrictions on its membership.
Limitation局限性，不足之处，不利之处（可数）：1)I know my limitations.(我了解我的不足之处。) 2)Every from of art has its limitations.（每种艺术形式都有其局限性。）
195. We won't know whether it will be successful. We won't know whether there will be good _____.
A. ends B. results C. effects D. causes
[答案]B. results.
[注释]result意为"由某种活动或某种原因所产生的结果"，如：obtain(=get, attain, gain win, secure)good results（取得好结果），publish the results（公布成绩）。
196. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal.
A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respected
[答案]B. respectable.
[注释]respectable受到尊敬的。详见117.注释。
本题译文：没有一个想象到这个看起来令人尊敬的商人竟是一个罪犯。
197. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised.
A. occasionally B. consequently
C. successively D. subsequently.
[答案]D. subsequently.
[注释]subsequently(=afterwards)随后，其后。
198. The speaker _____ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.
A. held on B. worked out C. touched on D. kept out of
[答案]C. touched on
[注释]touch on简单谈到。参阅178注释。
199. Comrade Li Dazhao, _____ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times
[答案]B. sometime.
[注释]sometime(=former)过去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there.
200. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before.
A. broken off B. passed off
C. given away D. passed away
[答案]D. passed away.
[注释]pass away(=die)死亡，是"死亡"的委婉语。
break off中断；give away给掉；泄露；pass off中止，中断。
201. What makes the space shuttle _____ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane.
A. exceptional B. strange C. unique D. rare
[答案]C. unique.
[注释]unique(=being the only one of its type)同类事物中独一无二的。如：This stamp is unique; all others like it have been lost or destroyed.
202. People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
A. puzzled B. delighted C. induced D. inspired
[答案]A. puzzled.
[注释]be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、为难。
本题译文：人们不得不感到迷惑，因为他们简直不能理解，他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。
203. When a space shuttle has accomplished its _____, it can be ready for another trip in about two weeks.
A. venture B. mission C. commission D. responsibility
[答案]B. mission.
[注释]mission通常指一种特殊的、特定的且有一定难度的使命或工作，常与accomplish, complete等词搭配，如：accomplish a historic mission完成一项历史使命。Venture冒险；常指商业上的冒险投机。例如：He declined the business venture. Commission委任；代理；佣金。He often goes beyond his commission.(他时常越权。)responsibility责任。
本题译文：当航天飞机完成了它的使命，它能在大约两周内做好准备再次航行。
204. He's the kind of man who is fond of _____ compliments to other men's wives.
A. paying B. saying C. expressing D. showing
[答案]A. paying
[注释]pay a compliment (compliments) to sb.恭维某人。
205. Radar enables the pilot of an airliner to take off, fly and land in _____.
A. danger B. comfort C. continuity D. safety
[答案]D. safety.
[注释]in safety安全地。从逻辑上看，其他选择均不切题。
206. The map was drawn to the standard _____ of 1/100,000, so there was not much detail.
A. route B. line C. rate D. scale
[答案]d. scale.
[注释]scale在此题中意指"（实物与地图、图解等代表物间的）比例，比例尺".be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。
207. Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
[答案]D. standard.
[注释]living standard生活水准。
208. It was _____ by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten percent.
A. noticed B. stated C. suggested D. noted
[答案]B. stated.
[注释]state此处意为"（=make sth. know, announce）宣布，通告，声明（口头的或书面的）"，如：It is stated that all the accident were killed.(据宣布，事故中全部人员无一幸免。)suggest建议，是表示欲望意义的动词，从句中要用虚拟语气（should +动词原形）。Note(=notice)"注意到"，如：It was noted that the temperature rose during this time.
209. The chances of discovering life on Neptune are about a million _____.
A. at one B. for one C. to one D. against one
[答案]c. the one.
[注释]a million to one百万分之一，意为"几乎没有什么可能"。
210. Everything he said then was _____ by what happened later.
A. identified B. signified C. noticed D. verified
[答案]D. verified.
[注释]verify(=prove the truth of)证实，证明：1)It was easy to verify his statements.(很容易证实他说的话。) 2)Later findings verified the scientist's theory(后来的各种发现证明这位科学家的理论是对的。)
identify识别，鉴别；signify表示，意味，要紧；有重要性：1)He signified that he agreed by nodding.(他点头表示同意。) 2)Never mind, it doesn't signify.(没事儿，这无关紧要。)
211. The party, which had been greatly _____, was spoiled by the rude behavior of an uninvited guest.
A. looked forward to B. looked up to
C. called forth D. called for
[答案]A. looked forward to.
[注释]Look forward to 期待，盼望。参阅Ⅲ.109.; call forth引起，唤起。参阅Ⅲ.29注释。 Call for需要，参阅Ⅲ.26注释。Look up to尊敬。
212. It was clear that the small grocer was _____ people he owed money to.
A. at the expense of B. at the risk of
C. in the way of D. at the mercy of
[答案]D. at the mercy of.
[注释]at the mercy of在......支配下：The ship was at the mercy of the waves.(这艘船任凭风浪摆布。)
at the expense of以......为代价，靠牺牲......；in the way of碍......事；at the risk of冒......的危险：1)He devoted his time to football at the expense of his studies.(他牺牲学习把时间都花在足球上。) 2)Her social lift got in the way of her studies.(她的社交生活妨碍了她的学习。) 3)We do this at the risk of our lives and liberties.(我们冒丢掉生命和丧失自由的危险做这件事。)
本题译文：显然，这家小杂铺任凭其债主的摆布。
213. I _____ her not to walk on the thin ice but she would not listen to me.
A. warned B. persuaded C. suggested D. noticed
[答案]A. warned.
[注释]warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不）做某事。
Suggest不能接sb. to do sth。persuade sb.(not) to do sth.说服、某人（不）做某事；本题中不能选D. persuaded, 因该动词强调行为的结果。从逻辑上讲，既然"说服了"，那么与she wouldn't listen to me就前后矛盾了。如果把句子该为：I tried to persuade her not to walk on the thin ice but she wouldn't listen to me.(我极力劝她不要在薄冰上走，但她不愿听我的话。)，那么就符合逻辑了。
[注意]warn sb. of sth.警告某人有......。
214. When products made in factories _____, they are thrown away as garbage.
A. come to an end B. are put to use
C. are used up D. wear out
[答案]D. wear out.
[注释]wear out本题中意指（become useless form continued use of wear）用坏，穿破，如：The machine will soon wear out.(这机器即将用坏。)come to and end(结束)，put ... to use(投入使用), use up(用完)， come into use(开始投入使用)。
215. She is making herself ill with _____ over her son's future.
A. trouble B. annoyance C. disgust D. worry
[答案]D. worry
[注释]worry既可作动词用，也可以作名词用，意思是"忧虑"，后接介词about或over。worry over 比worry about对某事的忧虑更为持久，更为专注，如：He worries over the least thing that goes wrong.(他总是惟恐有一点小事出错。)
216. The microphone enabled them to keep in touch, in other words, it made it _____ for them to contact each other.
A. likely B. capable C. possible D. probable
[答案]C. possible
[注释]able有才能的，有能力的，指人的才智，而且是受过实际锻炼的才干。Capable"有才能的，能胜任的"(有褒、贬 二义)，如：He is capable of anything.(他什么事都干得出来。)此句含有明显得贬义。此外，作表语时，able接不定式，capable接of. capable还有一意思是"有可能 的"，例如：The car is capable of being repaired .（这辆汽车是有可能修好的。）用于此义时，be capable of 后常接被动语态动名词或有动作意义的名词：The situation is capable of improvement .possible 强调客观可能性，"可能的"程度比probable"大概的，很可能的低一些。
注意likely与possible在结构搭配上的区别。Likely可用于下列句型中：1)It is likely that...例如：It is highly likely that he will succeed.（很可能他会成功。）2)think(feel, consider)it likely ...例如：I think it likely that we will ultimately get a certain amount of money.3)be likely to do sth.例如：He is likely to see you again .但下面的句型是错误的，It is likely for sb to do sth.所以think it likely for sb. to do sth.也是错误的，故本题不能选likely.
217. They did not find _____ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.
A. worth their while B. it worthwhile
C. it worth D. it worthy
[答案]B. it worthwhile
[注释]worthwhile值花时间（或精力）干的：1)The visit to Paris was worthwhile .2)He thinks teaching foreign languages is worthwhile.3)She has a very worthwhile job.4)I think it worthwhile to work on my stamp collection.
Worthy (of)配得上，值得：1)He is worthy of being praised.(=He is worthy to be praised.)2)He is a worthy winner.3)She is not worthy to talk to man like you.（她配不上与你这样一位男士谈话）。
218. In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept _____ all night.
A. densely B. soundly C. loudly D. noisily
[答案]B. soundly
[注释]sleep soundly熟睡。也可以说sleep heavily.
219. John _____ knowledge of radio just by staying around the radio station.
A. caught on B. worked up C. took up D. picked up
[答案]D. picked up
[注释]pick up学到，习得。详见Ⅲ。130注释。
220. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _____ to it.
A. connected B. fastened C. bound D. stuck
[答案]C. bound
[注释]be bound to sth.受...的约束：I was bound to my promise.(我受我的诺言约束)[注意]be bound to do sth.1)一定会：The plan is bound to win.（这项计划一定会成功。）2)有责任（义务）：You are bound to obey the laws.(你有责任遵守法纪)。
本题译文：我支持你的决定，但是我得说明，我不打算受它约束。
221. Professor Jordon is well known for his _____ into the habits of the common housefly.
A. examination B. introduction
C. research D. expression
[答案]C. research
[注释]research into对...研究：1)(作动词用)He is researching into the reading problems of young school children.2)（作名词用）to carry out a research(=some research)into the causes of brain damage.(对大脑损伤原因进行研究)。
研究可译为make researches into, make a study of 或直接用动词study vt或research into (a problem etc.).
222. The Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor that he had planned to _____.
A. discharge B. dismiss C. resign D. resume
[答案]C. resign
[注释]resign(=give up a post)辞职：1)imagine he will resign.2)It was his duty to resign his position.
discharge sb.= dismiss sb.解雇某人：He was discharged(=dismissed) for being dishonest.
223. It was decided to _____ the search when there was no hope of finding the missing girl alive.
A. call off B. take up C. keep off D. ring up
[答案]A. call off
[注释]call off(=cancel)取消。详见Ⅲ。25注释。
224. He put in a special _____ for an extra day's holiday so that he could attend his daughter's wedding.
A. request B. demand C. inquiry D. proposal
[答案]A. request
[注释]request请求，put in a request for (提出请求)。enquiry询问，demand 需求，需要，proposal建议，均不和题意。
225. She _____ the temptation to buy a coat she could not afford.
A. challenged B. obstructed C. contradicted D. resisted
[答案]D. resisted. [注释]resist 此处意指（=keep oneself back from）"忍住..."，resist temptation(不受诱惑)。
本题译文：她不受诱惑，不去买她买不起的外衣。
226. Scientists have to work hard to keep _____ with modern discoveries and developments.
A. company B. track C. touch D. pace
[答案]D. pace.
[注释]keep pace with跟上：1)This horse is too weak to keep pace with the others. 2)I can't help pace with your plan.
Keep in touch with与......保持联系；了解（情况）；1)People can keep in touch with each other even when they do leave. 2)I find it very difficult to keep in touch with all the recent developments in my subject.(我觉得很难了解我的科目当前的一切新发展。)
Keep company(with)与......相好：Never keep company with dishonest persons.(千万不要和不诚实的人来往。)
Keep track of通晓事态，了解动向：I find it difficult to keep track of my old friends.(我很难了解我的老朋友的情况。)keep track of的反义结构是lose track of（失去联系）。
以上成语均为考试大纲规定的内容，考生务必熟记。
227. He didn't _____ what I read because his mind was on something else.
A. hold on B. catch on C. take in D. get over
[答案]C. take in
[注释]take in(=understand)理解。参阅Ⅲ。173注释。hold on(打电话时)不要挂断；catch on明白（作不及物动词用），catch on to懂得，明白（作及物动词用）；get over克服。
228. We made plans for a visit but _____ difficulties with the car prevented it.
A. consequent B. subordinate
C. substantial D. subsequent
[答案]D. subsequent.
[注释]subsequent(=later, following)随后得，接着发生的：subsequent events（随后发生的事件）。consequent(作为结果)而随之发生的：His long illness and consequent absence put him behind in his work.根据题意，本题用subsequent更妥。
229. Arrogance and pride are similar in meaning, but there is _____ difference between them.
A. a submerged B. an indecisive
C. an indistinct D. a subtle
[答案]D. a subtle.
[注释]subtle微妙的，微细的，难以捉摸的。a subtle difference.（微细的差别）。Submerged浸没的；indecisive非决定性的，非结论性的，未清楚标明的；indistinct不清楚的，模糊的；subconscious下意识的。
230. This watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market.
A. superior B. advantageous C. super D. beneficial
[答案]A. superior.
[注释]superior。参看Ⅱ，669注释。
231. The government has lost a great deal of _____ because of the large increase in food pries.
A. strength B. support C. agreement D. vote
[答案]B. support.
[注释]lose support失去支持。vote作为"选票"解时，是可数名称，所以不能与a great deal of搭配。
232. The branches could hardly _____ the weight of the fruit.
A. retain B. maintain C. sustain D. remain
[答案]C. sustain.
[注释]sustain(=hold up the weight of)承住，支撑：An old wall cannot sustain a new building.
233. He thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him _____.
A. perfectly B. justly C. fairly D. rightly
[答案]A. perfectly.
[注释]perfectly(=quite well, completely)十分，完全地。
justly公正地，正当地，应得地；rightly正确地，恰当地，正直地；fairly公正地，正当地；相当，还算；清楚地。
234. I feel sure that _____ qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.
A. in case of B. in terms of
C. in the opinion of D. in the course of
[答案]B. in terms of.
[注释]in terms of依据，按照。In case of万一......；in the opinion of按照......的看法；in the course of在......的过程中，在......期间。以上4个习语均为大纲规定之列，考生应熟记、活用。
Have...in mind心中想到。
本题译文：我肯定，根据资格、能力和经验，你完全适合我们心中想到的工作。
235. So far as he could, John had always tried to _____ the example he saw in Lincoln.
A. live up to B. set forth C. call for D. cut out
[答案]A. live up to.
[注释]live up to不辜负，作到；参阅Ⅲ，102注释, set forth阐明，提出，列举；参阅Ⅲ，154注释, cut out删去；参阅Ⅲ，38注释, call for需要，要求；参阅Ⅲ，26注释。
本题译文：只要约翰能够，他总是努力做到他在林肯身上所看到的榜样。
236. It would be _____ a risk to let the child go to school by himself.
A. following B. passing C. running D. carrying
[答案]C. running.
[注释]run(take) a risk 冒风险：You are running a big risk in trusting him.(你信任他是冒极大的风险。) by oneself(=alone)单独，独立地。
237. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____.
A. hurt B. spoiled C. damaged D. harmed
[答案]B. spoiled.
[注释]spoil(=make a child selfish from having too much attention or praise)宠坏，惯坏；Spare the rod, spoil the child.(省下了棍子，惯坏了孩子。)这是英国谚语，意为"棒头上出孝子"。
238. Paper making began in China and from there it _____ to North Africa and Europe.
A. sprang B. spilled C. carried D. spread
[答案]D. spread.
[注释]spread vt./vi. 此处意指"传播"，如：1)The news spread quickly. 2)Files spread disease.(苍蝇传播疾病。)carry是及物动词，意为把某人从一处带到他处，故也有"传送"的含义，如：He carried the news to everyone in the village. 当carry vt. 在本句中与句子的语法结构不符。Carry作vi.用时，指"（发射物、声音等）能射到，能传到"，如：His voice carries far. (他的声音能传得很远。)
239. When the entire class worked together they finished the project _____.
A. in no way B. in no time
C. on no account D. in no case
[答案]B. in no time.
[注释]in no time (=in a very little time, soon, quickly)立即，马上：The bus filled with students in no time. (这辆公共汽车很快就被学生挤满了。)
240. The _____ of his clothes indicated too clearly that he had been playing football.
A. state B. condition C. occasion D. situation
[答案]A. state.
[注释]state n. 状况，状态。例如：She is in a poor state of health. Situation处境，形势，局面，情况，工作：He was in a hopeless situation. condition 情况（多用复数）： Economic conditions were bad. occasion 场合，时机。
241. Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can _____ attack their trainer.
A. unexpectedly B. deliberately C. reluctantly D. subsequently
[答案]A. unexpectedly.
[注释]unexpectedly 出乎意料地。例如：He unexpectedly failed to get the job.(他出乎意料没有得到这件工作。)又如：We met each other unexpectedly. (我们不期而遇。)deliberately故意地：I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.(我相信这房子是有人故意放火烧的。)reluctantly 不情愿地，勉强地：She agreed, very reluctantly, to help. (她十分买鸟枪地同意帮忙。) subsequently后来，随后：He escaped from prison but was subsequently recaptured. (他越狱逃跑了，但后来又被抓回来。)
本题译文：马戏团地老虎虽然已被驯服，但也会出乎意料地袭击驯兽师。
242. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _____ increase the risk of heart disease.
A. in turn B. in return C. by chance D. by turns
[答案]A. in turn。
[注释]in turn (插入语)转而，依次，而又：We need revision of estimated sales and this, in turn , will mean revision in production schedule. (我们必须修改预计销量，而这反过来又意为这修订生产计划。)in return 作为报答: I wish I could do something for you in return. (我要是能为你做点事作为报案就好了。)I gave him a present but he gave me nothing in return.（我送给他一份礼物，可他却什么也不给我作为答谢。）by chance (=by accident)偶然地；无意中：I meet him by chance on Fifth Avenue.(我偶然在第5大街上遇到他。)by turns 轮流地，依次：There were twelve of us in the boat and we rowed by turns.(船上有12人，我们轮流划船。)
本题译文：紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为，而后者又会增加患心脏病的危险。
243. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them _____.
A. correct B. perfect C. right D. well
[答案]C. right。
[注释]put sth. /sb. right 纠正；治好，使恢复健康：Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to put the matters right. (既然人类已造成了如此巨大的损害，人类又哲人纠正这种状况。)又如：This medicine will soon put you right. (这药很快会使你恢复健康。)其他3个选择均不能与put 构成习语，故不能入选。
本题译文：病人相信医生清楚地知道怎样治好他的病。
244. They decided to leave the waiter a big _____ because the food and service had been excellent.
A. note B. reward C. tip D. gift
[答案]C. tip。
[注释]tip 本题中意为"小费"。
245. And you find that you're not to be _____ with a position of real responsibility.
A. offered B. trusted C. furnished D. retained
[答案]B. trusted。
[注释]trust sb. with sth. 把某事托付给某人：I can't trust him with my car.(我不能把我的车托付给他。)本题译文：你认为不会把真正有责任的工作托付给你。
246. There was a good _____ of the countryside from the front of the bus.
A. sight B. view C. scene D. scenery
[答案]B. view。
[注释]view在本句中意指"看，眺望"，如：It is a large room with a view of the doctor's well-kept garden. (这是一间大房间，从房间里能看到医生精心管理的花园。)本题译文：坐在汽车的前排座位可以清楚地看到乡间的景色。
247. In aerospace devices the weight of the necessary power producing equipment is _____.
A. vital B. possible C. capable D. reliable
[答案]A. vital。
[注释]vital 极其重要的。本题译文：在航空航天装置中必要的动力设备的重量问题是至关紧要的。
248. This album is _____ as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
A. unusual B. unique C. rare D. special
[答案]B. unique。
[注释]unique(某一类中)独一无二的。如选unusual(不寻常的，独特的)，虽然也说得过去，但毫无疑问，unique是最佳选择，因为它的后面the only one相呼应。Special专门的，专用的，例如；They went to London on a special train.[他们搭一班专车（或加班车）去伦敦。]rare稀有的，罕见的，如：rare metals(稀有的金属)。Singular单数的。
249. Trains stop here in order to _____ passengers only.
A. get off B. pick up C. pull up D. pull in
[答案]B. pick up
[注释]pick up passages(接运旅客上车。)
pull in(火车)进站；（船）靠岸；pull up停车；get off下车。
250. He _____ the place where he had been bitten by an insect.
A. snatched B. scratched C. squeezed D. stretched
[答案]B. scratched.
[注释]scratch抓，搔。此外，有一常用习语：scratch one's head over sth.对某事迷惑不解，搔头皮。
Snatch掠夺；stretch拉长，延伸，撑大；squeeze压榨，挤。
251. It is not profitable to provide bus services in districts where the population is widely _____.
A. scattered B. dismissed C. separated D. spread
[答案]A. scattered.
[注释]scattered是scatter的过去分词，也可作形容词用，（=lying in different directions; not situated together, wide apart）分散的，散布在各处的。Separate分开的，spread传播；摊开，dismiss解雇。
252. There are usually at least two _____ of looking at every question.
A. ways B. directions C. views D. opinions
[答案]A. ways.
[注释]two ways of looking at every questions意指"观察每个问题的两个方面"。
253. He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him.
A. almost B. even C. nearly D. scarcely
[答案]D. scarcely.
[注释]scarcely(=hardly, not quite, almost not)几乎没有。Scarcely是否定副词，类似的有：hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, little等。研究生入学考试中经常测试这类否定副词的用法。
254. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the _____ from their exhaust-pipes contains an even larger volume of poisonous gas.
A. exposure B. distribution C. expansion D. emission
[答案]D. emission.
[注释]emission散发物，发射。exposure(to)暴露于：They believe that their health problems are the result of years of exposure to fine cotton dust.(他们认为，他们的健康问题是多年来暴露于棉花粉尘所致。)expansion膨胀，扩大；Heat causes the expansion of gas.本题译文：正如汽车的生产和使用越来越多一样，汽车的排气管的散发物内所含的有毒气体量也在增加。
255. The book seems to have been _____ from various books and articles.
A. pieced together B. taken off
C. broken away D. pulled out
[答案]A. pieced together.
[注释]piece together拼合，拼凑；take off起飞；break away from脱离；pull out拔出；驶出；（车）减速。
256. We had a marvelous holiday: only the last two days were slightly _____ by the weather.
A. damaged B. hurt C. ruined D. spoiled
[答案]D. spoiled.
[注释]spoiled使......扫兴: A shower of rain spoiled our day's outing.
257. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.
A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression
[答案]D. expression.
[注释]expression此处意指"表情"。Appearance表示人的"仪表，外表"。
258. I'd like to take _____ of this opportunity to thank you all for your cooperation.
A. profit B. benefit C. advantage D. interests
[答案]C. advantage.
[注释]take advantage of(=make use of sth. for one's own benefit)利用：take advantage of my ignorance(利用我的无知)。
259. If you ever have the _____ to go abroad to work, you should take it.
A. possibility B. offer C. luck D. chance
[答案]D. chance.
[注释]chance(偶然的)机会。Have与the(或 a) possibility不能搭配；常用There is a possibility for sb. to do sth.表示客观存在的"可能性"。
260. Scientists think they have _____ in their attempt to find the causes of some major dieases.
A. broken through B. worked out
C. fallen out D. got round
[答案]A. broken through.
[注释]break through(=be successful after overcoming a difficulty)突破；取得重大成果：Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.(科学家希望在与心脏病斗争中很快取得重大成果。)
本题译文：科学家认为他们在探索某些重要疾病的病因中已取得重大突破。
261. His test results are not very _____. He does well one week and badly the next.
A. invariable B. consequent C. continuous D. consistent
[答案]D. consistent.
[注释]consistent 1)始终如一，前后一致：He is not consistent in his statements.(他的话并不前后一致。) 2)与......一致：The story is not consistent with the facts. What you say is not consistent with what you do.
262. The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the work-force.
A. conference B. participation
C. intervention D. consultation
[答案]D. consultation.
[注释]consultation商议：hold a consultation with sb. about sth.（与某人商谈某事）。
conference讨论会；participation参加，参与；intervention干预，干涉。
263. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _____ of her heart.
A. hitting B. beating C. tapping D. knocking
[答案]B. beating.
[注释]beating 此处是动名词，指"（心）跳"：Her heart was beating furiously.
264. During World War II Malta managed to _____ most of Italian and German bombers by throwing up an effective anti-aircraft screen.
A. put out B. shut out C. come across D. get across
[答案]B. shut out.
[注释]shut out(=prevent from coming in; block)排除，排斥：They shut out our dust by having double windows.(他们用双层窗户防尘。)
put out扑灭；get across越过；使人了解；come across偶然遇到。
本题译文：第二次世界大战中，马耳他建立了有效的防空屏障以防止意大利和德国的轰炸机侵入。
265. I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. _____, she's a big girl now.
A. Above all B. After all C. First of all D. For all
[答案]B. After all.
[注释]after all毕竟。
"for all + 名词"意为"尽管": For all his wealth, he was unhappy.(尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。)
266. Jim's close _____ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.
A. confusion B. similarity C. resemblance D. imitation
[答案]C. resemblance.
[注释]resemblance n. 像（to）。 resemble(vt.)像; She resembles her mother.(=She takes after her mother.)
imitation模仿；仿效；confusion混乱，混淆；similarity相似性。
267. It has been decided that this company has the _____ right to print Mr. Smith's novels.
A. eventual B. versatile C. extensive D. exclusive
[答案]D. exclusive.
[注释]exclusive(=reserved to the person(s) concerned)独有的；This bathroom is for the president's exclusive use.
eventual最终的；versatile通用的，万用的；extensive广泛的。
268. He has recently _____ chess to provide himself with some relaxation.
A. taken on B. taken up C. held on D. held up
[答案]B. taken up.
[注释]take up开始从事。take on参阅Ⅲ，162,171注释。hold on, hold up参阅Ⅲ，162,171注释。
269. What a terrible experience! _____ , you are safe, that's the main thing.
A. Somehow B. Anyhow C. Somewhat D. Anywhere
[答案]B. Anyhow.
[注释]anyhow(at= any rate; in any case)无论如何，不管怎样。
270. John always tries to _____ people who are useful to him professionally.
A. develop B. provoke C. correspond D. cultivate
[答案]D. cultivate.
[注释]cultivate sb.结识（有地位的人），培养与......的友谊：He always tries to cultivate rich and famous people.(他总是极力结识有钱的知名人士。)
本题译文：约翰总是力图结识在职业方面对他有用的人。
271. Although he hasn't any formal qualifications, Betas _____ to do well for himself.
A. managed B. succeeded C. arranged D. convinced
[答案]a. managed.
[注释]manage to do sth.(=succeed in doing sth.)设法做成某事：1)He managed to escape to South America.(他设法逃到了南美。) 2)We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow.(我们反正设法得到了需要的东西。) 3)Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport?(你能设法给我弄到一份护照吗？)
本题译文：虽然他没有正式的资力，但他收入很多。Do well for oneself吃香，收入多，改善自己的社会地位。
272. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to _____ rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways to deal with its own problems.
A. set up B. put down C. keep up D. lay down
[答案]D. lay down.
[注释]lay down制定。参阅Ⅲ，97注释。
273. After a short holiday, he _____ himself once more to his studies.
A. applied B. converted C. engaged D. exerted
[答案]A. applied.
[注释]apply oneself to"致力于"。Apply one's mind to(专心于)。Apply to sb. for aid(向某人求援)。Apply a theory to practice(把理论应用于实践)。
274. She felt _____ of having asked such a silly question when the audience couldn't help laughing.
A. guilty B. crazy C. miserable D. ashamed
[答案]D. ashamed.
[注释] be ashamed of因......感到羞耻，惭愧：1)He is ashamed of what he was done.2)She felt ashamed of having done so little.(=She felt ashamed that she had done so little.) 3)John was ashamed to ask for help.(他不好意思向人求助。) 4)Jim was ashamed to have troubled me with so many questions.
Be guilty of犯有......罪，过失：1)He was found guilty. 2)I am not guilty of this crime.
275. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in summer to suit his own _____.
A. leisure B. preference C. convenience D. selection
[答案]B. preference.
[注释]preference偏爱，更加喜欢：My preference is for beef rather than for lamb.(我更喜欢牛肉面不是羊肉。)
276. There is not much time left; So I'll tell you about it _____.
A. in detail B. in brief C. in short D. in all
[答案]B. in brief.
[注释]in brief(=in a few words)简短地（作状语）,例如：He told me in brief what had happened.（他简短地向我讲了已发生地事情。）此处in brief等于briefly。此处，in brief(=in a word, in short)简言之（作插入语）1)It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No".(这是一封长信，但简言之，他说"不"。) 2)John is smart, polite, and well-behaved. In brief, he is admirable.此句中in brief意为in a word 或in short. in short作插入语，其意思是in a word(总之)。In detail详细地。In all总计，总共：There are 20 in all.
277. She got married although her parents had not given her their _____.
A. allowance B. consent C. permit D. appreciation
[答案]B. consent.
[注释]consent n. 同意，赞成；consent (to) vi.同意，如：consent to a plan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照，许可证。
278. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.
A. consequently B. constantly
C. continuously D. consistently
[答案]A. consequently.
[注释]consequently (as a result)因而，所以。
279. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.
A. convinced B. inspired C. induced D. attracted
[答案]B. inspired.
[注释]inspired鼓舞，激励，产生：1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我产生信心。) 3)The good news inspired us with hope.(这个好消息使我们产生希望。)
280. From the cheers and shouts of _____, I gathered that he was winning the race.
A. stimulus B. urgency C. encouragement D. promotion
[答案]C. encouragement.
[注释]encouragement鼓励，支持：shouts of encouragement(鼓励的欢呼声)。
本题译文：从欢呼声和鼓励声中，我猜想他正在赢得这场竞赛。
281. She once again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes from it.
A. withdraw B. abandon C. diminish D. eliminate
[答案]D. eliminate.
[注释]eliminate(=get rid of, do away with)消除，排除，淘汰：1) Can the government eliminate poverty?（政府能否消除贫困？） 2)eliminate slang words form an essay(从文章中去掉俚语词)。
282. When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.
A. dressed B. wearing C. worn D. putting on
[答案]A. dressed.
[注释]be dressed in 穿这......衣服。Wear意为"穿着"是及物动词，语法结构上与本题不符。Put on穿上，强调的动作。
283. Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.
A. due to B. but for C. in spite of D. with relation to
[答案]A. due to.
[注释]due to由于。有些语言专家认为due to引导的短语，在句中只能作表语，如：1)His absence was due to the storm. 2)The delay was due to heavy traffic. 3)This accident was due to his carelessness.但现代英语里due to引导的短语可以作状语用，如：He failed due to carelessness. Due to heavy traffic, he was late for an hour or so.
284. Many university courses are not really _____ to the needs of students or their future employers.
A. associated B. relative C. geared D. sufficient
[答案]C. geared.
[注释]be geared to与......相连接的，与......搭配得上的。Be relative to与......有关的：This is not relative to the accident.(这和这次事故无关。)本题意指courses(课程)是否与needs(需要)挂得上钩，而不是一般得有点关系，故应选geared.
285. If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. get off B. come across C. come over D. get over
[答案]D. get over.
[注释]get over (difficulties)克服（困难）。
286. Be careful how you _____ that jug, it will break very easily.
A. pour B. operate C. handle D. employ
[答案]C. handle.
[注释]handle意为"用手拿......":Wash your hands before you handle my books.
287. We suddenly saw the bus about to leave and had to run _____ to catch it.
A. hardly B. awkwardly C. hard D. strongly
[答案]C hard.
[注释]run hard意为"使劲跑"，句中hard是副词。Hardly"几乎不"，是否定副词，与本题不符。
288. He hated the war so much that he decided to leave the army _____.
A. for long B. once in a while
C. for good D. once upon a time
[答案] C. for good.
[注释] for good (=permanently)永久地:He says he's leaving the country
for good. for long 长久地。按本题题意，用 for long 不妥。once upon a time 从前。once in a while 偶尔。
289. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the _____ before the fine weather came to an end.
A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. plant
[答案] B. harvest.
[注释] gather in "收获(庄稼)": The farmers are gathering in the corn.
290. A successful scientist needs _____ if he wants to make hypothesis (假设) of how processes work and how events take place.
A. permission B. penetration
C. imagination D. convention
[答案] C. imagination.
[注释] imagination 想象力；penetration 穿透；permission 允许; convention 惯例，常规。
291. Tell your brother to come _____, because it's going to rain in a minute or two.
A. indoors B. outdoors C. outward D. inwards
[答案] A. indoors
[注释] 按句子的逻辑意思应选indoors adv. 向屋里；在屋里，inwards adv，向
内，向中心，outward 向外。outdoors 是 indoors 的反义词。
本文译文: 叫你兄弟进屋来，因为天马上要下雨了.
292. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.
A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment
[答案] D judgement
[注释] judgement 判断。guesswork 猜测，justice 正义，公正，ideal 理想。
293. Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _____ in the last six months.
A. added B. jumped C. amounted D. developed
[答案] B. jumped.
[注释] jump (=rise suddenly in price) 指"(价格)暴涨"。
294. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.
A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition
[答案] B. limit.
[注释] parking limit 意为在停车场"停车的时间限制"。a 20 minutes parking limit (停车时间限制为20分钟).
295. The country needs a _____ government. We have had three Prime Ministers in a year.
A. stationary B. changeless C. constant D. stable
[答案] D. stable.
[注释] stable 稳定的。stationary 静止的，不变的，固定的。changeless 不变 的 ，无变化的。constant 经常不断的。
296. Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job.
A. concise B. correct C. right D. precise
[答案] C. right.
[注释] right 适当的，恰当的:He is the right man to do the job。(他是干这 项工作的合适人选) concise 简明扼要的，correct 正确的；exact 确切的： exact time 确切的时间，exact age 确切的年龄，exact weight 确切的重量； exact weight 确切的重量；exact information 确切的信息；exact cause 确切 的原因；exact meaning 确切的意思。
297. Radium salts, which have been found to _____ in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone.
A. pile up B. build up C. keep up D. pull up
[答案] B. build up.
[注释] build up(=accumulate) 积累。pile up 堆积。keep up 保持，维持。 pull up 停车。
298. It has been laid down that each student must _____ a composition to the teacher once a week.
A. turn in B. give up C. put forward D. bring out
[答案] A. turn in.
[注释] turn in(=hand in) 上交。
299. Our house is the most _____ one in the street; it is painted red.
A. permanent B. indifferent C. predominant D. prominent
[答案] D. prominent.
[注释] prominent 突出的；突起的。indifferent 漠不关心的；permanent 永久 的；predominant 占优势的，主要的。
300. I shall take you back to Beijing _____ you are well enough to travel.
A. presently B. promptly C. immediately D. shortly
[答案] C. immediately
[注释] immediately(=directly) 作连词用，意为"一……就……"，相当于 as soon as .
301. The writer was always looking for suitable _____ to use in his next story.
A. contents B. articles C. notions D. ideas
[答案] D. ideas.
[注释] idea(= thought； picture in mind)念头，思想，想法。
302. He gave me some very _____ advice on buying a house.
A. precious B. worthy C. precise D. valuable
[答案] D. valuable.
[注释] valuable 宝贵的，有价值的，常可修饰advice， suggestion， assistance， discovery等名词。 precious"贵重的"如: precious metals(贵金 属)，precious stone(宝石)。
303. You will get to the church more quickly if you take this _____ across the fields.
A. track B. passage C. method D. journey
[答案] A. track.
[注释] track(=path made by frequent use)意指"(常走而踏成的)小径"，如:a track across the moor(越过荒野的小径)。passage"通路"，如:force a passage through a crowd(在人群中挤出的一条通路). 可见此处选passage不妥.
304. A landing on Mars is within the _____ of current physical theory.
A. scheme B. scope C. scrap D. scale
[答案] B . scope.
[注释] scope 范围，活动范围，理解犯围: 1 Many words are outside the scope of this dictionary. (许多单词是超出了这本词典的范围.) 2 Very hard words are not within the scope of a child's understanding。(非常难懂的 词是超出了一个孩子的理解范围.) 3 Economics is beyond the scope of a child's mind.(经济学是孩子理解不了的.)
305. He was _____ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A. scratched B. pricked C. stung D. bitten
[答案] C. stung.
[注释] sting 刺，蛰，叮。在英语中蜜蜂蛰用 sting ；而蚊子"叮"用 bite， 如: A mosquito just bit me.(狗、蛇，咬)，钧用 bite ，scratch 搔，prick vt. 扎(穿)，刺(穿).
306. Don't go too far into the sea, children, or the waves will _____ you off your feet.
A. flow B. cut C. press D. sweep
[答案] D. sweep.
[注释] sweep sb，off sb's feet 由两层意思，直义为"(浪等)把某人冲倒"， 转义是"使产生强烈的好感，使完全信服"，如: His speech swept them off their feet。(他的演说使他们五体投地.)
307. The store had no more red shoes _____, so Mary chose brown ones instead.
A. in demand B. in store C. in need D. in stock
[答案] D. in stock.
[注释] in stock(=having sth. ready to sell or use；in present supply) 有 现货供应: The shop has suger in stock.(这个商店有白糖供应.) in demand(=needed；wanted；) 有需求: The book about dogs was much in demand in the library.(=Many people wanted to read the book about dogs that in the library.) in need(=in poverty，in trouble)在贫困中，在困难中: A friend in need is a friend indeed。(A friend who helps when one is in trouble is areal friend.) in store(=saved up in case of need； ready for use for some purpose) 储备待用:于If the electricity goes off，we have candles in the closet.(=We have candles put away if we need them for light.)(如果电灯灭了，我们壁橱里还备有蜡烛.)
[注意] in stock 强调商店备有现货以供出售，而 in store 则指储备物品以供急 需使用。此外 in store 还可以表示"等待着，必将发生"。例如: I have a surprise in store for you.(我有一个你料想不到的消息要告诉你。)
本题译文: 这家商店没有红鞋供应，所以玛丽买了一双宗色的鞋.
308. Bill is not a fast runner and he doesn't have a chance of winning the marathon, but he will _____ the race even if he finishes last.
A. keep on B. keep to C. stick out D. stick to
[答案] C. stick out.
[注释] stick out(=keep on doing sth。until it is done，no matter how long，hard，or unpleasant) 坚持下去: Mathematics is hard，but if you stick it out you will understanding it(=Mathematics is hard，but if you keep on working hard at it you will learn it.) 此外，stick on 还可表示 (stand out) 突出: The skyscraper sticks out against the bkue sky.(这幢摩 天大楼映着蓝图显得格外突出.)
[注意] stick out与keep to 均有"坚持"的含义。stick out 特指"坚持下功夫 干一件事，不完成决不收兵"；而keep to 则强调"坚持、遵守、坚守"诺言、 规则、原则、精神、岗位。可见，keep to 的英文释义为 ability by；adhere to，stick closely to。例如: keep to one's promise(遵守诺言)；keep to the rules of a game(遵守比赛规则)；keep to a principle(坚持原则)；keep one's pos(坚守岗位)。因此，我们可以说keep to相当于 stick to，而区别于 stick out.
309. Can you _____ me _____ two hundred copies of this article by tomorrow.
A. give .. out B. send .. in
C. write .. off D. run .. off
[答案] D. run…off.
[注释] run off(=produce with a printing press or duplicating machine)印刷，复印：The print shop ran off a thousand copies of the newspaper.(=The print shop printed 1000 copies of the newspaper.)
write off报废，勾销。参阅Ⅲ.200.注释。give out分发，发出。send in 呈报，递交，送上: 1 Have you sent in your application?(你是否已递交了你的申请书?) 2 He sent in two oil paintings for the exhibition.(他送上两幅油画参展.)
310. The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.
A. climate B. weather C. state D. occasion
[答案] A. climate.
[注释] climate 指某一地区的长期气侯，而weather则指某一天的"天气"。本题中
的climate(=the general temper or opinion of a group of the people or period of history) 指"某一团体历史时期的总的状况和民意"。例如: climate of the political unrest 不稳定的政治状况. state(=condition) 状态；be in a state of 处于某种状态. 例如: 1 The room was in a very dirty state. 2 She is in a state of confusion.(她处于慌乱状态.) 由上可见，climate 最合题意.
本题译文: 我国目前的政治气候有利于外国的投资.
311. It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson.
A. issue B. printing C. magazine D. copy
[答案] A. issue.
[注释] 根据题意，此处是指某杂志二月份的那一期，故应选 issue。printing 印刷；
印刷术。至于 copy 与 issue 的区别，copy 指书刊的"本，册"；而 issue 是指报刊或杂志的"期".
本题译文: 非常高兴地拜读了贵刊二月的一期中所登载的约翰逊教授致编辑的信.
312. What I'm telling you is strictly _____. Do not let anyone know of it.
A. secretive B. special C. individual D. confidential
[答案] D. confidential.
[注释] confidential(=spoken or written in secret) 机密的，应保密的:The information is confidential. special 专门的，专用的: a special car(专车).
individual 个别的，单个的。secretive(=fond of keeping secrets) 爱保密的，守口如瓶的.
本题译文: 我现在告诉你的事是保密的，千万别让人知道.
313. The author had qualified as a doctor but later gave up the _____ of medicine for full-time writing.
A. prescription B. procedure C. treatment D. practice
[答案] D. practice.
[注释] practice(医生或律师的)业务，生意: 1 The lawer has a very good practice. 2 We call a doctor's work and the number of patients he look after his practice.(我们把医生的工作和医治病人的数目称为开业状况.)
prescription 药方；procedure 程序，手续；treatment 治疗，待遇.
本题译文: 这位作者当过医生，但后来放弃开业，专搞写作.
314. Julie is one of those women who always _____ the latest fashions.
A. put up with B. come up with C. get on with D. keep up with
[答案] D. keep up with.
[注释] keep up with 跟上，与……并驾齐驱；及时了解。put up with 忍受；get on with
有进展；生活得……；come up with 提出.
本题译文: 朱莉是那些总赶时髦的女子之一.
315. Having made his first film earlier this year, he is _____ starting in a new one.
A. currently B. actually C. recently D. lately
[答案] A. currently.
[注释] currently 目前；actually 实际上；recently 近来；lately(=recently) 近来.
start in(on) 开始(做某事)，常用于口语中，如: 1 Fred started in wedding the garden. (弗雷得开始在花园里除草.) 2 If we start in at once，we shall get the job finished early. (如果我们马上开始，我们可以早点完成这项工作.)
316. My house is very _____ for getting to work as it is only a few minutes from the station.
A. comfortable B. suitable C. convenient D. available
[答案] C. convenient.
[注释]convenient 方便的。suitable也可接for，但其词义和本题不符，故不能选.
317. When college students _____ future employment, they often think of status, income, and prestige.
A. demand B. assume C. apply D. anticipate
[答案] D. anticipate.
[注释] anticipate 预料，期望，预望：The first question is one the John has anticipated. (第
一个问题是约翰已经预料到的.)
318. Alice _____ her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with them.
A. convinced B. reinforced C. pledged D. required
[答案] A. convince
[注释] convince sb. +that从句意为"使……相信，说服……"。reinforce 加强，增强。
pledge发誓，保证.
319. Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to _____ him in his work.
A. hamper B. support C. depress D. prevent
[答案] A. hamper.
[注释] hamper(=hinder)阻碍。prevent 防止，后接from.
320. She chose cushions of a color which would _____ her carpet.
A. equal B. agree C. help D. match
[答案] D. match.
[注释] match vt. 匹配；相配: 1 You can't match him in his knowledge of wild
plants.(在野生植物知识方面，你无阀于他相比.) 2 Her hat does match her dress.(她的帽子与她的衣服不配.)
match vi. 相配: These gloves don't match.
321. We finally managed to _____ the committee's approval of our plans.
A. secure B. arouse C. acquire D. exert
[答案] A. secure.
[注释] secure 与 acquire 钧有"得到"的含义，但 secure vt. 此处的意思是(=succeed
in getting sth. for which there is a great demand)"获得(所需之物)".acquire"获得，求得"，尤其指由于自己的努力，能力，技术而使原有的东西变得更多，并表示一经求得，即成永久的所有物: The boy has acquire a fire knowledge of geography.(这男孩已得到一点地理知识.)可见，根据题意应选secure.
322. I have such a bad cold that I have lost all _____ of smell.
A. degree B. sense C. strength D. scent
[答案] B. sense.
[注释] sense 意为"(五官的)感觉"，如: People have five senses: sight，hearing，smell，
taste and touch. scent 气味，香味.
323. She is so _____ that she cried for days when her pet rabbit died.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. imaginative D. impressive
[答案] A. sensitive
[注释] sensitive敏感的(to),易受伤害的,灵敏的。sensible明智的(of),通情达理的。imaginative有想象力。impressive的给人留下印象的,感人的。
324. The lorry driver was badly _____ when his lorry crashed into a wall.
A. damaged B. hit C. hurt D. harmed
[答案] C. hurt
[注释] damage损坏;harm对......有害;hurt(精神上或肉体上)伤害; hit打击;pain(精神上或肉体上)痛苦。
325. I caught a _____ of the car before it disappeared around the bend.
A. glance B. glimpse C. glare D. gleam
[答案] B. glimpse
[注释] catch (or get) a glimpse of瞥见(强调行为的结果)。take a glance (or look) at看一眼(强调行为过程本身)。
326. The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to _____ its improved features.
A. advocate B. demonstrate C. exhibit D. reveal
[答案] B. demonstrate
[注释]demonstrate(=show clearly by giving proof or example)(用实例,证据)证明,表演。advocate拥护,提倡。exhibit展览,陈列。reveal揭示,暴露。
327. The rainbow _____ as the sun came fully out from behind the clouds.
A. dissolved B. removed C. resigned D. disappeared
[答案] D. disappeared
[注释]disappear消失。dissolve溶解。remove去除。resign辞去,辞职。retire退休。
328. All too _____ it was time to go back to school after the glorious summer holidays.
A. often B. fast C. soon D. late
[答案] C. soon
[注释]all too实在太......，all too soon意为太快了，带有惋惜的意味，如：Tom had snatched a short holiday from his work to come here. He said it ended all too soon.（汤姆趁工作之暇匆匆来此渡一短假，他说，假期过得太快了。）
329. Deserts, dry areas with _____ no vegetation, cover more than one-third of the Earth's land surface.
A. surprisingly B. eventually
C. permanently D. virtually
[答案] D. virtually
[注释]virtually(=almost, very nearly; in every way that is really important)几乎，事实上，实际上；My book is virtually finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.( 我的书几乎写完了,我只要在作品中再作一点修改就可以了。)
surprisingly令人惊奇的；eventually最终的；permanently永久的。
330. After dinner the minister made a short _____ to the guests.
A. delivery B. pronunciation C. conversation D. speech
[答案] D. speech
[注释]make a speech to sb.(向某人做演讲)。make conversation with sb.(和某人闲谈conversation常与下列动词搭配:get (enter) into conversation with(和......攀谈起来),have a conversation with(与......谈话),interrupt (break off) conversation(中断谈话),turn the conversation to other matters(把话题转到其他问题上)delivery常指"(演讲等的)说话方式,口才",如: His report was good, but his delivery was poor.( 他的报告内容很好,但他的口才太差)。
331. When there's doubt the examiner's decision is _____.
A. right B. final C. definite D. fixed
[答案] B. final.
[注释]final最终的,不会改变的。definite明确的。fixed固定的,不变的;a fixed income(固定收入)。right正确的。
332. Busy and successful as he was, the novelist was willing to _____ any promising young man and give him all the help he could.
A. take up B. pick up C. make up D. look up
[答案] A. take up.
[注释]take up把......当作被保护人,关照,提携,列如:This athlete was taken up by several Boston universities.(这个运动员得到波士顿大学的关照。)
pick up参阅III.129,130注释。
本题译文：虽然他是一位繁忙又有成就的小说家,但他愿意提携任何有前途的年轻人并尽力给予帮助。
333. He did not find a job yet because he had no _____ to men who could help him.
A. approach B. application C. access D. approval
[答案] C. access.
[注释]have access to进入的路；能接近，进入,了解或使用(不可数名词)。列如：1)We had access to his private files.(我们能接触他的私人档案。)2)Only a few people have access to the full facts of the ase.(只有几人能了解案件的全部事实。)3)Only high officials had access to the emperor.(只有高级官员才能接近皇帝。)
approach接近,走近,快到;对待处理(事情的)方式;接近(到达)的路:1)He was warned of the enemy.(已警告他敌人已接近。)2)His book represents a new approach to the difficulty.(他的书代表了处理困难的一种新方法。)3)The approach to the house was a narrow path.(通到这幢房子的路是一条小径。)
application申请,申请书。approval赞同。根据题意,此句中不是指身体上的"接近或靠近",而是指"能接触到"的某人故选access更切题意
334. The old man got into the _____ of storing money under the bed.
A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom
[答案] B. habit.
[注释]get into the habit of doing sth.意为"养成了做......的习惯"。habit指个人的习惯,而custom则指社会的风俗习惯。tradition"传统"。
335. The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. I am sure whoever sees it will _____ its charm.
A. appeal to B. stick to C. keep to D. yield to
[答案] D. yield to.
[注释]yield to:屈服于;投降让步(经常有比较灵活的译法)。如:The disease yielded to treatment.(=The disease was cured as the result of treatment.)(这病经过治疗已减轻或治愈。)
appeal to向......呼吁;stick to(=keep to)坚持。
本题译文:该地秀丽的景色无法表达于笔下。我深信,不管是谁看到了它都会折服于它的魅力。
336. Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing.
A. out of hand B. out of order
C. out of place D. out of work
[答案] A. out of hand.
[注释]get(or be) out of hand是习语,意为"无法控制,不受约束":This situation appears to be completely out of hand.(看来形势已完全失去控制。)
out of order有毛病,失灵;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of work失业。
本题译文:如果不关心孩子的教育,他们很可能会无法控制。
337. When the Greeks had _____ the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens.
A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit
[答案] C. beaten.
[注释]beat sb. 打败某人。beat sb. black and blue(把某人打得鼻青脸肿)。hit,击,击中:hit a man on the head(打在人的头上);hit at sb.(向某人打去)。strike(=hit ,give a blow at blows to)打,击:strike a man on the chin(打在某人的下巴上)。win赢得,用作此义时,后不能接某人;可以说win a match, a victory, the first prize等。
338. There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldn't _____ falling over it in the darkness.
A. help B. resist C. avoid D. prevent
[答案]C. avoid.
[注释]avoid 避免(后接动词或名词): He tried to avoid answering my questions. can't (couldn't) help doing sth. 禁不住做......不由自主地做......。 can't (couldn't) resist doing sth.禁不住做......: I couldn't resist laughing.
339. Maria is a _____ person and never makes any unreasonable demands.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. obedient D. jealous
[答案]B. sensible
[注释]sensible 通情达理的；sensitive敏感的；obedient顺从的；jealous 妒忌的，猜疑的，警惕的；
340. Violent programs on television may have a bad _____ on children.
A. affection B. pressure C. influence D. control
[答案]C. influence.
[注释]have a influence on 对...有影响；
341. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _____ quality, he'd tell them so.
A. humble B. minor C. inferior D. awkward
[答案]C. inferior.
[注释]inferior 比较差的；humble谦卑的，恭顺的，低下的；awkward 尴尬的，别扭的， 笨手笨脚的；不好用的；minor细小的：1)This cloth is inferior to that one .（这块布比那块质量差）2)She feels inferior to her elder sister .（她感到比姐姐差的多。）3)He is of humble birth.（她出身低微。）4)He is very humble towards his
superiors.（ 他对上司低三下四。）5)he felt awkward and uncomfortable.（他感到尴尬不自在）6)He was an awkward carpenter.（他是个笨手笨脚的木匠）7)This is a very awkward question. We must ask that of Hery.（这个问题不好对付，我们必须去问问亨利。
342. If you put too many potatoes in that paper-bag it will _____.
A. fail B. explode C. crack D. burst
[答案]D. burst
[注释] burst vt./vi.涨破，涨裂。Burst one's clothes（撑破衣服）。
343. One-room schoolhouses can still be found in _____ areas where there are no other schools for many miles.
A. disposed B. deserted C. isolated D. abandoned
[答案]C. isolated
[注释]isolated 孤立的。Deserted被遗弃的；空无一人的；abandoned丢弃的，如；abandoned cars(因报废而丢弃的汽车)。Dispose of sth. 处理掉某物：He disposed of his old car .（他把旧的汽车处理掉了。）意为卖掉或扔掉等。
344. I'm afraid you have no _____ but to come along with us.
A. possibility B. permission C. choice D. selection
[答案]C. choice.
[注释]have no choice but 除了...没有别的选择；只能...：I have no choice but to obey.(我只能服从)。
345. I shall never beat John at tennis; we are clearly not in the same _____.
A. set B. band C. group D. class
[答案] D. class.
[注释]be in the same class 水平相同。此句中class,意为"(高低、优劣的)等级；种 类"。
346. As soon as Charles had _____ a little from his surprise, his one thought was to get away.
A. returned B. absorbed C. dissolved D. recovered
[答案] D. recovered.
[注释]recover from 从......恢复过来
347. When I arrived in this country, I had to start learning the language from _____.
A. scratch B. scrap C. snatch D. scrape
[答案] A. scratch.
[注释]start from scratch (=from the beginning, from nothing) 从头开始，白手起家；John brought the radio from scratch. (=John bought the parts and put them together himself.)
348. The thieves _____ him _____ in the park, took his wallet and escaped.
A. held .. back B. held .. up
C. held .. on D. held .. out
答案] B. held ... up.
[注释]hold up sb. 拦劫。hold up, hold on, hold out 的用法请参阅III.82,83注释.
349. Japan has to employ an increasing number of overseas workers because there is no easy solution to its labor _____.
A. decline B. rarity C. vacancy D. shortage
[答案] D. shortage.
[注释]labour shortage 劳动力短缺。Decline 下降。rarity稀少。vacancy 空缺，未占用.
350. The two dogs started to fight, so we tried to _____ them.
A. split B. separate C. tear D. divide
[答案] B. separate.
[注释]separate 意指将结合的东西"分开，拆散"，divide指把整体"分成"几个部 分，split（沿一条线-）裂开，tear撕开，distinguish"区分，区别，辨别"。
351. The rapidly growing birth rate brings about a lot of environment problems, which the government is supposed to take _____.
A. significantly B. severely C. earnestly D. seriously
[答案] D. seriously.
[注释]take...seriously 是习惯搭配，意为"重视，认真对待"
352. Carl wanted to play a joke on Bob but gave himself _____ by laughing.
A. away B. in C. out D. up
[答案] A. away.
[注释]give away 暴露，泄露。参阅III.68.注释。
353. The government is _____ and will take the necessary steps to maintain security and stability.
A. on the alert B. out of control
C. on guard D. in vain
[答案] A. on the alert.
[注释]on the alert (=alert; watchful; careful) 警惕，小心：Drivers must be on the alert for traffic signals. (=Drivers must be especially careful to see signals when driving a car.) (司机必须密切注视交通信号。)
out of control 失去控制；on guard站岗；in vain 徒劳，无效。
354. Many people complain of the rapid _____ of modern life.
A. rate B. pace C. speed D. growth
[答案] B. pace.
[注释]pace 走或跑的速度；发展或进步速度。
355. She has lost her handbag with the _____ sum of $150 in it.
A. extraordinary B. important
C. considerable D. valuable
[答案] C.considerable.
[注释]considerable 相当可观的。[注意]considerate考虑周到的，体谅的，体贴的：1）She is considerate to others. (她能体谅别人。)2）That was very considerate of you.（你真体谅别人。）
356. Russia's withdrawal of its experts from China did not strangle (压垮) the Chinese people; _____ it stirred up their enthusiasm for greater exertions.
A. on the other hand B. on the contrary
C. to the contrary D. in consequence
[答案] B. on the contrary.
[注释]on the contrary相反地：--Have you nearly done?--On the contrary, I have only just begun. Monday unless you write me to the contrary. (我星期一将来，除非你写信告诉我有相反地情况。)
357. As he had no friends and relatives in the town, the traveler tried to find a _____ somewhere.
A. log B. lodge C. landing D. lodging
[答案] D. lodging.
[注释]log 圆木,lodge门房，传达室,lodging住所,landing登陆；降落。
358. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always _____ her place.
A. loosing B. missing C. losing D. looking for
[答案] C. Losing.
[注释]lose one's place意为读书时"找不到读到哪儿"。类似的习语有：lose heart(灰心，泄气),lose one's heart to sb. (爱上某人),lose one's head(惊慌失措),lose one's hold on(or over)(失去对......的控制),lose one's temper(发脾气),lose one's tongue (紧张得不知说什么好)，lose one's way (迷路),lose sight of(看不见了),lose one's never(失去勇气)。
359. The manager said that they had an _____ plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.
A. alternate B. alternative C. absolute D. appreciable
答案] B. alternative.
[注释]alternative 可提供选择的，两者挑一的：alternate交替的：1)There was no alternative route open to her. (在她面前没有另外可供选择的路线。)2)French and English are not alternative courses; but may be taken in the same year.(语法和英语并不是交替开设的课程；而可以在同一年里选修。)
360. Jim isn't _____, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.
A. gloomy B. dull C. awkward D. tedious
[答案] B. dull.
[注释]dull (=slow in understanding) 迟钝的。
361. At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it _____ his mind that she was trying to tell him something.
A. crossed B. passed C. occurred D. opened
[答案] A. crossed.
[注释]cross one's mind 想起：1)A sudden thought crossed my mind. 2)It never crossed my mind that he might refuse the request. (我从来没有想到他可能会拒绝这个请求。)
如用pass则应加through, 例如：When Jane did not come home by midnight, many terrible fears passed through Mother's mind. (=Mother thought of many things that might have happened to Jane.)
occur的用法如下：1）That view of the case did not occur to me before. (对这个案件的那种看法以前我没有想到过。)2）It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.(她想到，她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。)
关于"想起"的以上三种表达法考生务必弄懂熟记。这些词组和句形不仅在词汇测试中经常遇到，而且在短文写作时也可以使用。
本题译文：起初鲍玻对弗吉尼亚的挥手致意感到迷惑，但后来他想到，她想告诉他某事。
362. His job at the hospital did not pay much, so he found another _____.
A. on the rise B. on the spot
C. on the decline D. on the side
[答案] D. on the side.
[注释]on the side(=in addition to a main thing) 额外；作为兼职：1）He ordered a hamburger with onions and French fries on the side. (=He ordered a hamburger with onions and French fries extra.) 2)He does some house-keeping work on the side.(他帮人家做些家务活作为兼职。)
on the rise(作表语)在上升；on the spot 现场；on the decline (做表语)在下降：The population in the country is on the decline. (这个国家的人口在下降。)
363. The filling station _____ because there were too many others on the street.
A. fell through B. went under
C. fell out D. went through
[答案] B. went under.
[注释]go under 破产，失败。fall through 也有"失败"之意，但多半指计划、想法等"落空"。
本题译文：这个加油站破产了，因为在这条街上加油站太多了。
364. Air and the sun's rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to _____ their influence is useful to the astronomer.
A. exclude B. eliminate C. extinguish D. impose
[答案] A. exclude.
[注释]exclude 排除。extinguish扑灭；eliminate消除。
impose 把......强加给：Don't impose your wishes on us.(不要把你的意思强加给我们。)
365. The lady who had invited us heard me telling my wife that the dinner was terrible so I was _____.
A. confused B. nervous C. shameful D. embarrassed
[答案] D. embarrassed.
[注释]be embarrassed 感到窘迫。
366. Animals should not be locked in cages; they should be in their normal _____.
A. environment B. position C. residence D. dwelling
[答案] A. environment.
[注释]environment(=surroundings, circumstances)环境，environment作集合名词用时，只用单数形式：We should work hard to improve our environment. (单词，不可数)Children need a happy home environment. (单数，可数)
367. I'm sorry but what he thinks is not of the _____ importance to me.
A. merest B. lowest C. last D. least
[答案] D. least.
[注释]least 是little的最高级形式。
368. He offered to _____ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry.
A. lend B. help C. show D. loan
[答案] A. lend.
[注释]lend sb. a hand给某人帮个忙。
369. I have been looking for this book for months, and _____ I have found it.
A. at least B. in no time C. at last D. at present
[答案] C. at last.
[注释]at last (=in the end)最终；at least至少；in no time 立即，马上；at present 目前。
370. It was the largest experiment we had ever had; it _____ six hours.
A. ended B. finished C. prolonged D. lasted
[答案] D. lasted.
[注释]last vi. (for) 持续。
371. The _____ stuck on the outside of the envelope said "By Air".
A. label B. ticket C. signal D. sign
[答案] A. label.
[注释]label 标签，标记。signal信号. sign记号；指示牌：traffic signs (交通版示)。notice布告。
372. Psychological studies show that some people are quick-tempered _____.
A. at heart B. on purpose C. in person D. by nature
[答案] D. by nature.
[注释]by nature 天生，生来。in person 1）亲自，亲身：I shall be present at the meeting in person.(我将亲自出席会议。)2）身体上，外貌上：In person he was handsome, strong and healthy.(他面目清秀，体格强壮。)
at heart 1)内心里，实质上：His manners are cold, but he is at heart a kind man. (他的言谈举止有些冷淡，但实际上他是一个好心肠的人。)2）考虑的是......：When I say don't eat sweets, I have your health at heart.(我叫你别吃果糖，是考虑到你的健康。)on purpose 故意地。
373. She was putting on her watch when the _____ broke and it fell to the ground.
A. belt B. strap C. tie D. string
[答案] B. strap.
[注释]strap(表，手提包的)带。belt绷带，seatbelt(系于飞机座位上的)安全带。tie领带，string细绳子。
374. Feudal landlords, and imperialists are in no way more _____ than wolves.
A. reasonable B. regardless C. ridiculous D. rational
[答案] D. rational.
[注释]rational 有理性的。
本题译文：封建地主和帝国主义者并不比豺狼更有理性。
375. His name was on the _____ of my tongue, but I just couldn't recall it.
A. end B. point C. edge D. tip
[答案] D. tip.
[注释]be on (or at) the tip of one's tongue 就在嘴边，差点被想起，如：The answer was
on the tip of my tongue, but I could't think of it.(我差点就想起那答案来，可就是想不起来。) be on the point of 正要（去做某事）：I was just on the point of going when you came in.
376. The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供应).
A. inadequate B. rare C. lacked D. scarce
[答案] D. scarce.
[注释]本题译文：汽油供不应求，因此必须定量配给。
Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不应求的。Inadequate不适应的，不充分的。lack vt./vi. (=be without ; not have; have less than enough of) 缺乏；没有；缺少，例如：1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏坚定性。)2)Money is lacking for the plan.(此计划尚缺钱。)3)He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇气。)be lacking in 常指缺乏某种品质、特点等。lack作及物动词时，一般不用被动语态，故不能选C. lacked.4)They lacked for nothing.(他们什么也不缺。)有人认为，lack for是美国英语。
377. How did it _____ that the two men arrived to address the same meeting at the same time.
A. fall out B. take place C. get around D. come through
[答案] A. fall out.
[注释]fall out 1)吵架，闹翻。参阅III.45,52 2)结果是。参III.50注释。本题中fall out意为happen, come about(发生),例如：As it fell out, they were able to sell their old car.(=They didn't know if they could sell their old car, but at last they did sell it.)
本题中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。一般来说，不宜用take place作主语谓语，故不能入选。
本题译文：事情结果怎么会这样：这两个人来在同一时间同一会议上作演讲？
378. He looked incredulous(不轻信的) on hearing the news. He seemed to think it _____.
A. incompatible B. incredible C. inclusive D. indifferent
[答案] B. incredible.
[注释]incredible (=that cannot be believed; difficult to believe) 不可相信的，难以置信的：His story of rescuing six drowning men was incredible. (他抢救6个溺水人的事情是难以置信的。) incompatible(with)不相容的。inclusive包括的，包含的。indifferent 冷淡的，不关心的。
379. In my opinion, your work does not _____ what I expected of you.
A. catch up with B. add up to C. come up to D. go in for
[答案] C. come up to.
[注释]come up to 达到，符合：1)He tries his best to come up to the expectations of the people.(他努力达到人民对他的期望。)2)This piece of work does not come up to the
required standard.(这件工作没有达到需要的标准。)catch up with 赶上；add up to总计；go in for 从事，致力于，追求，沉溺于。
380. I broke my relationship with John because he always found _____ with me.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. failure
[答案] C. fault.
[注释]find fault with 挑剔，找......的岔子。例如：1)She tries to please him, but he always finds fault. (=He finds something wrong with everything she does.) 2)They found fault with every box I made. (=They found something wrong or something they did not like in every box I made.)
381. Though he did not say so directly, the inspector _____ the man was guilty.
A. declared B. implied C. disclosed D. said
[答案] B. implied.
[注释]imply 暗示，含有......的意思：Silence sometimes implies consent.(沉默有时暗示同意。)
382. At first it seemed that the building would be all right but later it was found to need _____.
A. installations B. modifications
C. innovations D. illustrations
[答案] B. modifications.
[注释]modification 更改，修改；installation 安装，装置；设备；innovation革命；
illustration说明，例证，图解。按题意modifications最为切题。
383. We can only give you the _____ number of refugees crossing the border at the moment.
A. obscure B. approximate C. impartial D. imaginary
[答案] B. approximate.
[注释]approximate 近似的，大约的；obscure模糊的；impartial公正的，不偏的；imaginary假想的。
384. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.
A. convinced B. inspired C. induced D. attracted
[答案] B. inspired.
[注释]inspire 鼓励，激励，产生：1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我产生信心。)3)The good news inspired us with hope. (这个好消息使我们产生希望。)
385. There are several landladies approved by the universities who take in _____.
A. lodgers B. residents C. inhabitants D. settlers
[答案] A. lodgers.
[注释]lodger客房；resident居民(对游客而言);local residents(当地居民),temporary residents(临时居民)；inhabitant(=person living in a place)居民；a small town of 5,000 inhabitants(有5,000居民的小镇)；settler殖民者，移居者；White settlers in Kenya(在肯尼亚侨居的白人)；immigrant移民。
本题译文：有几位房东太太是这些大学批准她们接纳房客的。
386. He is the rudest man I have ever met. Jane, his present secretary, is the only person who can _____ him.
A. respect B. stand C. support D. dislike
[答案] B. stand.
[注释]stand (=endure, bear, put up with)忍耐，忍受；1)I can't stand that woman. 2)He cannot stand criticism.
387. The main road through Littlebury was blocked for three hours today after an accident _____ two lorries.
A. containing B. connecting C. involving D. including
[答案] C. involving.
[注释]involve 涉及到。例如：1)This problem involves us all. (这个问题涉及到我们大家。)2)His work involves occasional journeys. (他的工作使他不得不时常旅行。)3) To accept the appointment would involve living in London. (接受这项任命将不得不住在伦敦。)4)John was involved in the trouble. (约翰已陷入困境。)contain 包含，装有；connect 连接，include 包括。
本题译文：今天在涉及两辆卡车的交通事故发生后，穿过Littlebury的大陆堵塞了3个小时。
388. Jane read the article over ten minutes but continued to feel the event related were _____.
A. inheritable B. incredible C. infeasible D. inaccessible
[答案] B. incredible. [注释]incredible 难以置信的；inheritable可继承的；infeasible不切实际的; inaccessible不可到达的(to)。
389. In some cities it is very difficult to have a telephone _____ , and people have to wait a long time before they can get a phone.
A. assembled B. installed C. equipped D. repaired
[答案] B. installed. [注释]install 安装；assemble(=put together) 装配；equip装备；repaire修理。
390. _____ up children properly is mainly their parents' duty.
A. Growing B. Rearing C. Bringing D. Raising
[答案] C. bringing.
[注释]bring up 教育，教养，抚养大；1)The child is badly brought up. 2) I was brought
up to be honest. 参看III.17注释。grow up 成长，长大；发展，形成；1)I grew up on a farm. (我在农庄长大。)2)The custom of going away for one's holiday has grown up during the last thirty years. (外出度假的风俗习惯是最近30年形成的。)rear培养，抚育；rear children.
raise[美国英语]养大；Where was he raised? (他在哪里长大的？) raise还有"饲养"的含义。
[注意]rear 和raise后不能接up,故本题不能选用rearing 或 raising.
391. When the teacher told the boy to sit down, he _____ to her and said she couldn't make him.
A. gave way B. talked back C. looked up D. got down
[答案] B. talk back.
[注释]talk back 顶嘴；1)Don't talk back to me! (别对我顶嘴！)2)Mary talked back when her mother told her to stop watching television; she said, "I don't have to if I don't want to."
give way 让路；look up查阅；get down从......下来；记下。
392. People _____ with anyone who is always talking about how wonderful he is.
A. fall in B. get fed up C. keep company D. catch up
[答案] B. get fed up.
[注释]get (be) fed up with (=having had too much of something; at the end of your patience; disgusted; bored; tired)讨厌；I have had enough of his complaints. I'm fed up. (=I have heard all of the complaints I can stand.)
fall in with 符合，与......一致。参阅III.51注释。Keep company with 与......交往，结伴；catch up with 赶上。
393. Margaret liked all her classes, but she liked sewing class _____.
A. above all B. in general C. after all D. in particular
[答案] D. in particular.
[注释]in particular (=especially, particularly) 特别是：1) You should avoid eating fat meat, in particular pork. (你应该避免吃脂肪多的肉类，特别是猪肉。2)The speaker talked about sports in general and about football in particular.
In general 是in particular 的反义结构，从上述例2)中可以看到。about all最重要的；after all毕竟。
394. Walking down the street, she noticed a long _____ of houses, all exactly alike.
A. queue B. rank C. train D. row
[答案] D. row.
[注释]a row of houses (desks, books etc.) 一排房子(书桌、书等)，戏院的"一排座位"即为a row of seats. queue (乘车，购物的)队，队伍。Rank(军队队列中的)排、横列。train指"（行进中的）长列，队列"；a long train of visitors(一长列参观者)。
395. The president has told his friends that he is sick but will not admit it _____.
A. in private B. in secret C. in public D. in detail
[答案] C. in public.
[注释]in public 公开地，当众；in private 私下；in secret秘密地; in detail 详细地。
396. The sailor _____ time to visit his family before the ship went to sea.
A. put in for B. got round to C. ask after D. hold on to
[答案] A. put in for.
[注释]put in for(=make an application or request) 提出申请或请求；May I put in for five days' leave?( 我可以请5天假吗？)
get round to (doing sth.) 找到时间作某事；ask after 询问，问候；hold on to 坚持(接to 加名词)。
397. Throughout most of their lives, humans _____ learn and increase their mental capacity.
A. actually B. readily C. fairly D. primarily
[答案] B. readily
[注释]readily (=with no difficulty)容易地；They can readily be bought anywhere. (这些 东西在任何地方都能容易地买到。)
actually 实际上；fairly 公平地；相当，划算；primarily主要地，首先；根本上。
398. Through exposure to air, water, and organic matter, rocks _____ changes known as weathering.
A. undergo B. transform C. undertake D. suspend
[答案] A. undergo.
[注释]undergo (=experience esp. suffering or difficulty) 经受：1)She underwent a thorough examination at the hospital. (她在医院接受了全面的检查。)2)The travelers underwent many difficulties. (这些旅行者经受了许多困难。)
undertake (=take up a [position]; start on [work]) 从事，负责（某事）：1)He undertook the responsibility for changes. (他负责对各种变化作出安排。)2)At first we could only undertake repair jobs.(起初我们只能干修理活。)3)We shall undertake the construction of this bridge. (我们将负责这座桥的修建工作。)
transform 改变；suspend吊，悬挂；推迟，暂定。
本题译文：由于暴露于空气、水和有机物，岩石经受了称之为风化的变化。
399. She tried to _____ out of the window to see the procession more clearly.
A. bend B. lean C. bow D. slope
[答案] B. lean.
[注释]lean vi. 倚，靠；lean out of the window(倚着窗户探出身去)，lean against a tree(背倚靠着树)，lean back in a chair (坐在椅子上背向后倾)，lean on a desk(靠在桌上)，指胸对桌子。
400. The problem had become _____ in his mind, and he could not decide what to do about it.
A. simplified B. exaggerated C. matured D. isolated
[答案] B. exaggerated.
[注释]exaggerate(=say or believe more than the truth about sth.)夸张，夸大：It was a rabbit, not a lion. You are exaggerating as usual. (这是一只兔子，不是狮子。你经常夸大事实。)
simplify 简化；mature使成熟；isolate使孤立。
本题译文：这个问题在他头脑里夸大了，因此他无法决定该怎么办。
八．英语中的易混词,词组辨析
1. must和have to
这两个词均表示"必须"，must常偏重主观意志，而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态，而have to则有更多的时态。例如：
We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。
It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了，我们必须快点起床。
We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。
He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。
2．almost 和nearly
这两个词意思均为"几乎"、"差不多"。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些，感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时，要用almost，不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly，而不能说not almost。例如：
It's nearly time . 时间快到了。
It's almost time. 时间马上就到了。
Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday.
几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。
3 . the number of 和 a number of
the number of 意为"……数目"，用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为"许多的"、"一些"，用复数谓语动词。例如：
A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。
The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。
4. go to sleep 和 go to bed
go to sleep 意为"入睡"，指睡着了，表示状态。go to bed 意为"去睡觉"，指上床去睡觉，表示动作。例如：
We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。
I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。
5. receive 与 accept
receive（vt.）意为"接受"，没有主观色彩，指收到了送来的东西。accept（vt.）意为"接受"，指乐意接受，强调主观愿望。例如：
She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.
她收到了他的礼物，但她拒绝接受。
I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天，我收到了一封来自美国的信。
I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。
6. at the end of 和 in the end
at the end of 意为"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意为"最后"、"最终"是finally和at last的同义词。例如：
After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后，他最终完成了工作。
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。
7 well和good
两词均译为"好"。当两词都为形容词时，good常用作定语。如用作表语时，后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时， 多用作表语，指身体好。也可用作定语。例如：
Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。
Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。
When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时，他显得很健康。
He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。
well还为副词，而good的副词也是well。例如：
He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。
8. sleep和asleep
sleep(v.) 动词"睡觉"。asleep(adj.)形容词"睡着的"、"沉睡的"，只用作表语，表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后，作补语。例如：
The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。
Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。
asleep也常与fall连用。例如：
he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。
9. have been to 和 has gone to
have been to… "曾到过……"指曾到过某地，说话时人已经回来。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了，说话时，人已不在这里了。例如：
I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。
You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了， 他已经去天津了。
10. sometimes、sometime和some time
sometimes（adv.）意为"有时"、"不时"是频度副词，用作状语。sometime（adv.）意为"某时"、"日后"，副词，用作状语。some time意为"一些时候"，副词短语，用作状语（也可用作名词性短语）。例如：
I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。
I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周，我会来看你的 。
Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早，有时起得晚。
11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner
三个词均为"在……角"。in the corner 为"在……角里"；on the corner为"在……角上""在……拐角上"； at the corner为"在……角边"。下图可表示三个词的区别：
in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner
例如：The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。
In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.
在办公室的角落有一张桌子，在桌角上放着一个口袋。
corner作"拐角"解，与之搭配的介词，美国英语多用on，英国英语通常用at；corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in，在……内部的"角"，习惯上用in the corner of….
例如：误：The girl sat at the corner in the classroom
正：The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.
那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。
训练1、Don't sit the corner of the table.
A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)
2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.
A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)
3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.
A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)
4.The house stands ____ the corner.
A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)
典型错误例析
1. 承蒙相助，不胜感激。
误：That's very kind to you to help me.
正：That's very kind of you to help me.
析：在得到对方帮助、善待时， 你要表示自己的感激之情，常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为"（某人）对（某人）好"。
2．我想尽可能早点见到他。
误：I would like seeing him as soon as possible.
正：I would like to see him as soon as possible.
析：would like ='d like, 用来表示"想要、希望、愿意"，后跟动词不定式，不跟动名词。
3．我对他的汉语有些担忧。
误：I'm worried for his Chinese.
正：I'm worried about his Chinese.
析："对……担忧"应用 be worried about 。
4．两个月太长了。
误：Two months are quite a long time.
正：Two months is quite a long time.
析：表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，但仍作为一个整体看待，动词一般用单数形式。如：
Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。
5．全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。
误：The whole family are going there for two months.
正：The whole family is going there for two months.
析：在这里family指整个家庭，所以动词用单数形式。试比较：My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。（这里指家庭成员，动词用复数）
6．我看见他们正在踢足球。
误：I saw them play football.
正：I saw them playing football.
析：在see、hear、watch等动词后，既可接不带to 的动词不定式，又可带现在分词作宾语补足语，但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了，即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束。
7．我对科学感兴趣。
误：I'm interesting in science.
正：I'm interested in science.
析：interesting "令人感兴趣的"，可用作标语，其主语是物，也可以用作定语，修饰人或物。interested"感兴趣的"，常用于be(become) interested的结构，主语是人。
8．她没乘车去，而是步行的。
误：She went there on foot instead by bus.
正：She went there on foot instead of by bus.
正：She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.
析：instead"代替"，表示前面的事情没有做，而是做了后面的事，一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于句中，且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式，前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义，后可接一个并列成分。
9．那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。
误：The boy had such many strange questions.
正：The boy had so many strange questions.
析：表示"这样（那样）多"，可用so many（用于复数可数名词）或so much（用不可数名词）。它们是固定搭配，so 不能用such代替。
10．请让他把音量调小点儿。
误：Ask him to turn off it, please.
正：Ask him to turn it down, please.
析：表示通过使用开关或调节器，将电器或类似用品（收音机、电视机等）的声音、亮度等调低、关小，用turn down, 其中down是副词，若是代词作宾语时，则要把代词放在turn和down之间。
11．下周我将乘飞机去上海。
误：I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.
正：I'll fly to Shanghai next week.
正：I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.
析：fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用，以免重复。
12．我每周看一次电影。
误：I go to the cinema once every week.
正：I go to the cinema once a week.
析：表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数，用"次数+一段时间"这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周（月、年）两次。
13．包里装满了书。
误：The bag is full with books.
正：The bag is full of books.
正：The bag is filled with books.
析：be full of =be filled with, 意为"某容器装满了某物"，其主语多为容器。
14．我们每个人都有一本词典。
误：Each we have a dictionary.
正：We have a dictionary each.
正：Each of us has a dictionary.
析：each可用作同位语，放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末，谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用，谓语用单数形式。
15．手术持续了五个小时。
误：The operation kept five hours.
正：The operation lasted for five hours.
析：动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去，也可用于下列情况：某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用，即可说那样东西持续（多长时间）。而keep为"保存、保持"之意，与题意不符。
16．你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗？
误：Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?
正：Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?
析：宾语从句不论其原来结构如何，都使用陈述句语序，即：不颠倒主谓语，也不另加助动词。
17．昆明的天气比兰州的好。
误：The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.
正：The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
析：在比较句型中，比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天气"与"兰州的天气"比较，而不是与"兰州"这个地名相比较。
18．他告诉我们太阳是圆的。
误：He told us that the sun was round.
正：He told us that the sun is round.
析：在含宾语从句的复合句中，主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时，则常用一般现在时。
19．没有消息就是好消息。
误：No news are good news.
正：No news is good news.
析：news尽管看上去是复数形式，但常用作不可数名词，后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。
20．那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。
误：That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.
正：That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.
析："在室内角落处"应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在（街、墙）的拐角处"。
21． 他正在忙着做家务。
误：He is busy to do his housework.
正：He is busy doing his housework.
正：He is busy with his housework.
析：be busy doing 表示"忙于做……"，doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……"，但后面只能接名词，不能接动词的"-ing"形式。
22．我不得不告诉你这件事，对吗？
误：I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?
正：I had to tell you about it, didn't I
析：have to 意为"不得不"，其疑问句式的构成不能用have，而要根据不同的人称和世态，选用助动词do 、does 或did。
★特别提醒:
含有动词意义的介词
在英语中，有一些介词表示的却是动词的含义，主要有：
1.at : 在与表达感情的形容轧连用时， 可代替"听""看"等动词， 如：
She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她听到这个坏消息时， 大吃一惊。
2.to : 在与go, come , invite等动词连用时， 可代替 "参加""出席" 等动词， 如：
Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去开会去了。
3.for;在与go, come , return等动词连用时， 可代替后面表明 "目的" 动词， 如：
What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他来干什么？他来取钱包。
4.for : 在与start, leave, set等表示离开,启程等动词连用时， 相当于汉语的 "走""到""往" 等意思，如：
They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五时， 他们出发去上海。
5.有些介词短语作呗系动词的表语， 有动词含义， 如：What is he at ? 他在干什么？
6.有些介词短语可代替动词不定式短语，作定语，自然会有动词意义， 如：
It's time for breakfast.现在是早餐的时间了. 该吃早饭了。
7.with，在类似下列的句子中， 意为use,如：
He often writes with my pen他时常以我的钢笔写. 他常有我的钢笔写字。
8.by与表示交通工具的单词连用， 相当于汉语的 "坐""乘" 等意思， 如：
Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火车去工作? 你们打算乘飞机还是坐火车去旅行？
但是不能说这些介词就等于这些动词， 更不能用它们充当谓语动词。
九. 情态动词
1 情态动词的特点:
1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
2 情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
3 情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。
1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1). The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (NMET 97 )
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2). She asked if she could keep the book for another two days.
3). -Will you stay for lunch?
-Sorry, __ . My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)
A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做 ; 表示某事有可能发生。 might 是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1). -May I take this book out of the reading-room?
-No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.)
2). -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.
3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须
2). 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to
3). -Must I get to the station before three o'clock?
-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. )
4). I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5). She must be in the classroom now.
6). Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not
4. shall
1). - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn't .
-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please don't.)
2). You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.
3). Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4). Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
A. does he B. doesn't he C. will he D. isn't he
5). It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____ ?
A. won't we B. will we C. don't we D. shall we
2). 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。
5. should 应该 ; 应当
1). You should listen to the doctor's advice.
2). You should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1). 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2). will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3). will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1). Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you ?
A. do you B. will you C. can you D. coud you
-Will you come with me ? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)
(2). -Would you tell us something about yourself ? -Yes, I will.
(3). - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
7. ought to 应该; 应当
1). You oughtn't to smoke too much.
2). She ____ for what she has done.
A. ought to praise B. ought be praised
C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1). He dare not tell the truth. 2). He doesn't dare to come out at night.
3). I don't know whether he ____ try.
A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed
9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要
A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1). -Do they need to take any books with them?
-No, they don't need to.
2). -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn't.
3). This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4).There is no need for him to come.
4). -Shall I tell John about it ?
- No, you ___ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
5). It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
2 情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点
1. can(could) + have + 过去分词
2. can't (couldn't) + have + 过去分词 3. must + have + 过去分词
4. may (might) + have + 过去分词 5. needn't + have + 过去分词
6. should (ought to) + have + 过去分词
7. shouldn't (oughtn't to) + have + 过去分词
1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon?
2). She can't (couldn't) have make a mistake.
3). Since the ditch is full of water , it ____ (rain) last night.
4). He said that she might have misunderstood him.
练习.情态动词
1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she ____ me.
A. can't see B. can't have seen
C. shouldn't have seen D. shouldn't see
2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It ___ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
3. He ____ you more help even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4. She quickened her pace in order that she ____ with the others.
A. may catch up B. might catch up
C. could have caught up D. might have caught up
5. There was plenty of time, she ____ .
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
6. I didn't hear the phone, I ____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
7. He was a good runner so he ____ escape from the police.
A. might B. succeeded C. would D. was able to
8. We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
9. The young man has made so much noise that he ____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
10. A solider got him out of danger. He ____ hurt.
A. may not B. can have got C. might have got D. might get
11. -Could I use your pen? -Yes, of course you ____ .
A. must B. could C. can D. might
12. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you __ hurt yourself.
won't; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; shouldn't
13. Sir, you ___ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this woman and children only.
A. oughtn't to B. can't C. won't D. needn't
14. I ____ tell her the truth.
A. cannot help B. can't but C. may not help D. could but
15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I ____ wait until the rain stops.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to
16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver ____ .
A. may hurt B. may be hurting C. may have been hurt D. may be hurt
17. A dog ran in front of my mother's car and she ____ stop very quickly.
A. ought to B. had better C. must D. had to
18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
-Oh , did you ? You ____ with Barbara .
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
19. The plant is dead . I ___ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
20. A computer ___ think for itself ; it must be told what to do.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not
21. It's nearly seven o' clock. Jack ___ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
22. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ?
-But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you
24. -Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? - ____ .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
25. I was really anxious about you . You ____home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
1-5 BDABD 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 CBABD 16-20 CDADA 21-25 CAACB
十. It 句型归纳
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in
the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one's duty, one's
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful
play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats
for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：
kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good
chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It's no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示"做某事花费某人多长时间"。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the
sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other
last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示"某人现在该做某事了"，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）
说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It's six o'clock．It is high time that we went home now．
练习.It的用法
1. My bike is missing. I can't find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who's that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That's B. It's C. He's D. This's
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I've seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you'll take B. you'll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that's D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA