To Chinese immigrants, in the mid-1800s, California was “The Land of the Golden Mountain.” In their homeland they had heard the words, “There’s gold in California.” They sailed 7,000miles to join the gold rush and strike it rich. Between 1849 and 1882, more than 30,000 Chinese came to California. Most were men. They had been farmers in China. They came here to be miners and laborers. They ended up doing many other jobs, too.

Like many other immigrants, they did not plan to stay in America. They came because of their ties to their homeland and their families. They planned to return to China with their fortunes and help their families.

Only a few Chinese gold miners struck it rich. Most picked over the areas that had been mined already. But still, white miners resented the Chinese. Slowly, they drove the “yellow peril” from the mining camps.

By the end of the 1850s, many Chinese returned home. Those who stayed found other jobs.

Few women had come west in the gold rush. The Chinese saw a good business opportunity. They began doing the jobs women would have done. Many became house servants. Many more opened  laundries.

The Chinese opened restaurants. Chop suey and show mein are popular Chinese-American dishes. The Chinese probably created these dishes to serve to the white miners.

Other Chinese became fishermen, farmers, and even cigar makers.

1. Why did Chinese go to America in the mid-1800s?

A. Because they could find good jobs there.   B. Because they had found gold there.

C. Because they could open laundries and restaurants there.

2. The underlined word “resented” mean “________”.  

A. liked                        B. helped                C. hated                    D. served

3. Which should be the title of the passage?

A. Early Chinese immigrants in America     B. Dream to strike it rich

C. The difference between men and women   D. Gold miners in America

To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.

Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

     This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers. A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt(果断的) restoration(恢复) of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new. King Customer ruled!

The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in fact, __________.

A. the practice of turning goods into money

B. making goods available for purchase

C. the customer- centered approach

D. a form of persuasive salesmanship

What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?

A. The needs of the market.         

B. The efficiency of production.

C. The satisfaction of the user.       

D. The preferences of the dealer.

According to the passage, the underlined part "to move as much of these goods as possible" ( Para. 1 ) means _________.

   A. to sell the largest possible amount of goods

B. to transport goods as efficiently as possible

C. to dispose of these goods in large quantities

D. to redesign these goods for large - scale production

What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?

A. Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.

B. It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.

C. Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.

D. Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.

To wash yourself, you take a bath(洗澡) or a shower. Animals need to keep clean, too. How do animals clean themselves?

Cats lick（舔）themselves to keep their fur clean. Have you ever watched a pet cat clean itself?

Elephants take baths much as you do. But instead of jumping into the tub（浴缸）, they walk into a river or lake.

Pigs also like to roll around in water. This keeps them clean and cool. If there is no clean water, they will roll in mud（泥）on a hot day. They do this to cool off. Pigs do not really like mud. They are happier in a nice, clean pond(水池).

Bats have a funny way to keep clean. They lick their thumbs to clean their ears!

Guess how polar bears clean themselves. They use snow, of course!

Some animals take baths in dust instead of water! The wombat(毛鼻袋熊) is an Australian animal with lots of fur. To get clean, it lies down. Then it covers itself with sand!

Birds clean themselves in many ways. Sometimes they wash in water. That’s why some people put birdbaths in their yard. At other times birds take dust baths, just like wombats. Birds also use their beaks（喙）to keep their feathers clean. They use their beaks the way you use a comb.

Sometimes a bird has itchy bugs（发痒的虫子）in its feathers. Birds may use ants to help them clean off the bugs. A bird will lie down on an ant nest. Then the ants will crawl on the bird. The ants make a kind of bug spray（喷雾）on the feathers;. Then the itchy bugs die!

Birds take baths in something else besides dust and ants! Some birds take “smoke baths” They sit on chimneys. They wave their wings in the smoke!

This passage mainly tells us       .

A. why some people put birdbaths in their yard  B. why birds allow ants to crawl on their body

C. how animals cool off on hot days           D. how some animals keep clean

What is a pig’s favorite way to get clean?

A. Licking itself.               B. Lying down on ants.

C. Rolling in nice, thick mud.     D. Taking a bath in clean water.

Which of the following animals use dust to clean themselves?

A. Cats.         B. Bats.       C. Wombats.           D. Ants.

Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.

A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year –olds who had watched lots of  TV during childhood .But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and  don't ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters(年轻人）may watch lots of TV.

Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15. These with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per     weeknight during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school

In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest

While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms

According to the California study, the low-scoring group might        .

A. have watched a lot of TV        B. not be interested in math

C. be unable to go to college        D. have had computers in their bedrooms

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A. More time should be spent on computers.

B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.

C. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms.

D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done.

What would be the best title for the text?

A. Computers or Television.            

B. Effects of Television on Children.

C. Studies on TV and College Education.

D. Television and Children's Learning Habits

Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.

One of the studies looked at nearly 400northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.

A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year –olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood .But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don't ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters（年轻人）may wash lots of TV.

    Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watched拍average of tess than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood, compared with an average of me than 2 ¹/₂ hours for those who had no education beyond high school

    In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest

    While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores , it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms

According to the Califomia study, the low-scoring group might           。

       A．have watched a lot of TV

       B．not be interested ted in math

       C．be unable to go to college

       D．have had computers in their bedrooms

What is the researchers' understanding of tbe New Zealand study results?

       A．Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV.

       B．Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest[来

       C．TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds.

       D．The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

      A．More time should be spent on computers.

       B．Children should be forbidden from watching TV.

       B．TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms

       D．Further studies on high-achieving students should be done

What would be the best title for this text?

       A．Computers or Television

       B．Effects of Television on Children

       C．Studies on TV and College Education

       D．Television and Children's Learning Habits