For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In 1867 the United States faced the task of rebuilding after the destruction of the Civil War, so it looked westward for the raw materials needed to fuel industrial growth. Geological surveys and mapping journeys were set forth to explore this        1 territory. These groups, in turn, hired mapmakers, scientists, cooks, drivers, and doctors. They also hired painters and photographers as part of the teams. Painters needed few supplies, making it relatively easy for them to travel in the wilderness, ____2____ photographers were not so lucky; they had to transport a fully stocked darkroom on the __3____.

Until the late 1870s, most photographers used the __4___ wet-collodion process. The first step was to wash a clean sheet of glass with a sticky mixture of collodion and chemicals, (collodion or "gun-cotton" was a recent medical discovery used to cover wounds because the viscous (粘性的) solution turned into a protective film when dry.) After it was washed, the plate went into another bath that the picture was __5___ getting darker; Finally, the glass negative (底片) was washed clean with fresh water. __6__ a photograph from the negative had to wait until the photographer went back to the studio. The ___7___ of the negative depended on the size of the camera. Some negatives could be as large as 20 by 24 inches.

Imagine the __8____ of taking photographs in the 1860s and 1870s in the remote western wilderness! Photographers went over Rocky Mountains and through rushing rivers. They were __9____ in the terrible desert heat, with cameras, sheets of glass, and vats of chemicals. Bad weather, equipment failures, and accidents were frequent problems. They persevered, but success in creating a negative did not ___10___ the production of a photograph; plates still had to be ___11___ transported back to the studio before the image could be printed on paper. A photographer could carry 120 pounds of many miles to         ____12____ a magnificent view only to have the easily broken plate        ___13___ in transportation.

__14___, once photographers were successful, the results were superb and much admired. Photographs were put on exhibition, and people bought albums filled with pictures by Timothy O'Sullivan, Carleton Watkins, and William Henry Jackson. Jackson's photographs of Yellowstone's

natural wonders, along with the paintings of fellow Thomas Moran, even helped ___15___ Congress to preserve thousands of acres of this land in 1872 as the nation's first national park.

Every year the White House celebrates the day after Easter Sunday in style. The President and First Lady throw a party for thousands of guests – mostly kids – on the White House South Lawn and nearby. There is plenty to do at this all-day affair--everything from storytelling and stage shows to art activities--and plenty to eat. But it is the egg rolling that attracts the most attention. Easter involves eggs, and the White House celebration has lots of them. Thousands of hard-boiled eggs are dyed different colors, and guests go home with special wooden eggs.

Washington. D,C has been hosting egg parties for quite some time. Some say Dolley Madison and also Abraham Lincoln held egg – rolling parties. But most people agree that the Easter Monday party got its started at the United States Capnol in the early 1870s. it moved to the White House South Lawn in 1878, when Rutherford B. Hayes was president. Two years later, it was a regular event there.

The Easter parties are never the same. In the late 1880s, John Philip Dousa, a famous director, started performing at them. In the late 1920s, he even wrote a musical composition called “Easter Monday on the Write House Lawn”. In those years, guests played Egg Ball, toss and catch or Egg Croquet （槌球戏）. Sometimes they went on an egg bunt. While egg rolling was a big part of every party, egg – rolling races didn’t begin until the early 1970s. And it wasn’t until 1969 that the While House Easter Bunny was invited. He has been a every party since then.

Only a lew things can stop the White House Easter event. It has been canceled because of war, weather, and work being done on the Whine House. But nothing seems to keep kids away from this popular public event – one of the oldest in While House history. Two years ago, more than ten thousand guests celebrated Easter and egg rolling in White House style.

1．When and where is the egg rolling party held?

      A．On the day before Easter Sunday; in New York.

       B．On the day after Easter Sunday; on the White House South Lawn and nearby.

       C．On the day before Easter Sunday; in Washington, D.C.

       D．On the day after Easter Sunday; at the National zoo.

2．When did egg rolling party become a regular event?

       A．In the early 1870s.                               B．In 1878.

       C．In 1880.                                             D．In the late 1920s.

3．What CANNT you expect to enjoy in egg parties?

       A．Storytelling          B．Stage shows        C．Speeches             D．The egg rolling

4．The best title of the passage is           .

      A．Egg rolling, White House style               B．When egg rolling happens

       C．How egg rolling happen                        D．Welcoming egg rolling

In 1865, a creative engineer, John Roebling, decided to build a bridge connecting New York with the Long Island. However, bridge experts throughout the world thought that this was impossible and told Roebling to forget the idea.

However, Roebling thought about it all the time and he knew deep in his heart that it could be done. He just had to share the dream with someone else. After much discussion and persuasion he managed to convince his son Washington that the bridge in fact could be built.

With great excitement and inspiration, and great hardships before them, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge in 1869.

The project started well, but when it was only a few months underway a tragic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was injured and left with a certain amount of brain damage, which resulted in him not being able to walk or talk or even move. In spite of his handicap, Washington was never discouraged and still had a burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever.

Now all he could do was move one finger and he decided to make the best use of it. By touching his wife’s arm with that finger, he slowly developed a code of communication with his wife. For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife’s arm, telling the engineers what to do, until the bridge was finally completed.

60. To build a bridge between New York and the Long Island _______.

A. was a dream of many bridge experts

B. was a terribly difficult task

C. was supported by the American government

D. sounded creative to many bridge building experts

61. As a result of an accident, Washington lost the following abilities EXCEPT _____

A. speaking      B. walking    C. writing     D. thinking

62. When was the bridge between New York and the Long Island completed?

A. Around the early 1880s               B. In the late 1860s

C. Around the middle of 1870s        D. In the early 1870s

63. The construction of the bridge was mainly under the guide of _____

A. John Roebling                             B. Washington

C. a group of top bridge engineers    D. Washington’s wife