（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从下框的A---F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

E. Low Fertility Rates in Developed Countries.

F. Birth Control Programs.

61. ________  

Population growth is determined by the relationship between births and deaths. The growth rate is calculated by the birth rate minus the death rate. If the birth rate is 4%, for example, and the death rate is 3%, the population growing at rate of 1% per year.

62. ________

Historically, families had many children, but average life expectancies are low and many children died young. Improvements in nutrition and public health programs in the past 30 years have led to a drop in the mortality rate and hence to more rapid population growth.

63. ________

Public health programs and improved nutrition over the past 30 years have brought about declines in mortality rates in the developing nations. But fertility rates(出生率)have not declined as quickly, and the result has been high rates of population growth. Reduced population growth depends to some extent on decreased birth rates.

64. ______

Family planning and modern forms of birth control are important mechanisms for decreasing fertility, but by themselves such programs have had rather limited success in most countries where they have been tried. If family planning strategies are to be successful, they must make sense to the people who are supposed to benefit from them.

65. _______

To a great extent, in developing countries people want large families because they believe they need them. In some societies, children are important sources of farm labor, and they may thus make significant contributions to household income. In societies without any social security programs for the aged, children may also provide a vital source of income for their old parents.       

D

If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.

Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare(车费) of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.

The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration（登记） card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.

The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.

With so many loopholes （漏洞）in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.

68． The underlined words in this passage means to “______”。

A. be ready to help others         B. make good use of one’s friends

C. be a little ahead of others     D. gain something at other’s loss

69． Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare.

B. In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you’re living in the hotel.

C. The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours.

D. The workers are always honest with their working hours.

70． We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. the Finnish society is of very high moral level

B. there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland

C. in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything

D. everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves

71． Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Life in Finland     B. A Society with “Foolish” People

C.What a Life         D. Honest accounts of the Finns

He will _______ you next week if he is free.

Holiday Inns and Mc Donald’s, both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another direct business operation—franchising(特许经营).

    These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a successful retail(零售)business. As it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name. The parent company’s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees. For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages and disadvantages are different.

    By extending a “proven” marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads, the value of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be dramatic. Such growth, too, brings into play the economies of scale (规模经济). Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.

    The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one. Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in franchises, though, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent’s freedom to drop supplies at will. Of course the factory’s costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits. If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the franchisee won’t thoughtlessly destroy it.

   Franchising may give you the idea that as a franchisor, you need only relax in the rocking chair. Franchising, however, has problems to be solved.

Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company_________.

         A. sells name-brand goods to a private investor

         B. rents proven ideas and techniques for investment

C. sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name

         D. takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors

The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT________.

         A. an immediate investment return

B. the ownership of additional retail stores

         C. the profit from the sale of supplies

         D. the possibility of profitable advertising

The passage mainly tells the reader_________.

         A. the advantages and disadvantages of franchising

B. the benefits of franchising to the franchisor

         C. the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’s

         D. some regional and national business operation

What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?

         A. More advantages of franchising.

         B. Risks of investment besides franchising.

         C. The standard of consumer acceptance.

         D. Negative aspects related to franchising

I’ll drop in at the supermarket on my way back. Do you have anything ______?