摘要: set up an organization

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Pay Attention to the Organization of an Article.

Check Your Understanding.

Lightning Speed Exercise

Set Aside Time Each Day.

Check Your Progress through Pacing

Speed up When Necessary.

1.______

Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no difference.

2.______

Nearly all ‘speed reading’ courses have a ‘pacing’ element---some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minutes he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached.

3.______

Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you can’t remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter.

4.______

Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. After a ‘lightning speed’ of reading, you will usually find that your ‘normal’ speed has increased.

5.______

Most paragraphs in an article have a ‘topic sentence’ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence(实质) of what has been said.

 

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The International Coast Clean-up is an organization that is set up to help the environment in the world,especially the areas near the waters.Recently,more than a half-million volunteers are taking part in an international movement to comb the world’s shorelines for cigarette butts, bottle caps and any other rubbish they can find.

The International Coast Clean-up is in its 14th volunteers ready to collect more than 10 million pieces of rubbish along 19,308 kilometers of shoreline in 70 countries.

Sponsored(赞助)by the Centre for Marine Conservation and several other non―profit(非盈利的) groups and corporate sponsors, the activity is a one-day attempt to improve conditions on important waterfronts.

Cigarette butts are by far the most common item, with exactly 1.6 million picked up and counted in the last year’s clean-up.They were followed in numbers by food wrappers,plastic pieces,bottle caps and broken pieces of glass.The global event is held on the third Saturday of September.

Last year,the biggest volunteer army was in the Philippines,where nearly 300,000 people took part in the clean-up.With more than 7,000 islands,the Philippines is among the countries which have the largest shorelines.

“Around every main body of water,we have a rubbish problem,”said Sheavly,director of the Center for rubbish problem.Bad weather with some hurricane affected some plans,but thousands of volunteers were ready to go,she said.

About 20,000 divers are joining to clean up offshore rubbish,with major underwater efforts in the United States,the Philippines,Germany,Italy,Australia,Venezuela and EI Salvador.

Globally, less than 20 percent of shore rubbish clearly comes from the water. The most appears to come from land sources.

Part of the effort is counting the rubbish.Volunteers carry cards to second their collections,which will be piled and used for studies of how to settle the problem year-round.

56.What is the International Coast Clean-up set up for? (Within 20 words)

57.How long does the activity usually last? (Within 10 words)

58.What does the underlined word “waterfronts”mean? (Within 10 words)

59.What’s the writer’s opinion about this international movement? (Within 1 5 words)

60.What’s the main idea of the passage? (Within 15 words)

 

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    The World Trade Organization (WTO), established(set up)on January 11,1995, is an open non-discriminatory (fair) trading systemAs a   1   to the GATT, established in the wake of (after) the Second World War, it is to help world trade   2   freely, fairly and predictably.

While the WTO is still   3   , the multilateral (多边的) trading system that was originally set up under GATT is already  4   The system celebrated its golden jubilee (五十年纪念) in Geneva on 19 May, 1998, with many   5   and government leaders attending.

    The past 50 years   6   an exceptional(unusual) growth in the world tradeMerchandise (goods) exports grew   7   by 6% annually(every year)Total trade in 1998 was 14 times   8   to 1950GATT and the WTO have helped to   9   a strong and prosperous trading system   10   to unprecedented (never done or known before) growth.

    China was an   11   of GATT, but for historical and political reasons it was withdrawn(taken out) from GATT by the government   12   in 1950But over the last several years, China   13   to resume (take again)its contracting party status (position)China hopes to become a number of the   14   before the body starts a new round of negotiations(discuss) late this yearPremier Zhu Rongji paid   15   from April 6,1999He is the   16   Chinese premier to visit U.SPresident Clinton agreed to   17   on China’s entry into the WTO with   18   of negotiations in BeijingChina’s entry into the WTO is still a long way   19   , but we believe that China’s fate is still controlled in   20   .

1Ajudge

Bleader

Cmanager

Dsuccessor

2Aform

Bestablish

Cflow

Dmake

3Abig

Byoung

Cold

Dclever

4Afifty years old

Bsixty years old

Cat the age of 40

D70 years old

5Aheads of states

Btop leaders of companies

Cbest experts of countries

Drichest managers

6Ahas helped

Bhave seen

Chas raised

Dhave formed

7Ain whole

Bon average

Cin all

Din total

8Athe number

Bthe fact

Cthe level

Dthe average

9Ado

Btreat

Cliberate

Dappear

10Acontributing

Bestablishing

Cgrowing

Dattending

11Atimely member

Bold leader

Chonor leader

Doriginal member

12Ain Beijing

Bin Wuhan

Cin Taibei

Din Nangjing

13Ahas found

Bhas been seeking

Chas been waiting

Dhas expected

14AWTO

BGATT

COlympic Games

DUN

15Aa five- day Japan visit

Ba nine - day U.Svisit

Ca six - day Russian visit

Da seven- day France visit

16Asecond

Bthird

Cfirst

Dfourth

17Ahave a word

Bhave words

Chave a meeting

Dhave talks

18Athe first time

Bthe last time

Cthe second round

Da new round

19Ato take

Bto remain

Cto go

Dto leave

20Ain Clinton’s hands

Bin the hands of her own

Cthe WTO

Din the GATT

 

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