洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
英 语 试 卷
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共115分）
注意事项：
1、答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，将第II卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
1.
When does the man say the film would start?
A. At
2.
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Pop star and fan B. Boss and secretary. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
3.
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a restaurant B. In an office C. In a shop
4.
What can you know about the talks?
A. They haven’t started yet B. They have
got an agreement C. They haven’t
achieved much
5.
What does the man ask the woman to do ?
A. Look after something for him B. Show him the way to the left-luggage
office
C. Tell him some travel information
第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）
请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。
请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6.
What can you learn about the room?
A. It’s small B. It
faces the street
C. It’s for non-smokers
7.
How many nights will the man stay in the hotel?
A. Three nights B. Two nights
C. Four nights
8.
How much will Richard probably pay?
A.
$104
B. $
请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题
9.
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Old
friends B. Guide and
tourist C. Driver and
passenger
10.
What have the speakers been doing together?
A.
Doing business B. Going
sightseeing C.
Attending a meeting
11.
What does the woman plan to do next September?
A.
Visit the man B.
Change her job C. Make
a travel plan
请听第8段材料，回答第12至14题
12.
Where are the two speakers?
A. In a concert hall B. In an ancient palace C. In a modern museum
13.
What does the man like best in this place?
A. The
lights B. The
paintings C. The colors
14.
What do you know about the two speakers?
A.
They’re uninterested in upper-class life.
B. They
wish to become rich soon
C. They
are having a good time.
请听第9段材料，回答第15至17题
15.What
will the woman probably do if she’s caught in a thunderstorm?
A.
Stand on the ground B. Put
herself in water C. Find a place to
hide in
16.
What does the man think of taking a bath during a thunderstorm?
A. It is acceptable B. It is dangerous C. It is unbelievable
17.
What does the woman think about the man’s action?
A. It
is unusual
B. It is unnecessary
C. It is very practical
请听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.
What is the speaker talking about?
A. Her unique experience B. Her future prospects C. Her favorite job
19.
What does the speaker want most?
A.
20.
What will the speaker most probably do in the future?
A. Open a big restaurant B. Work in a bookstore C. Remain single
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15 分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21.---Do
you mind if I smoke here?
---_______.I’ve got a bit of cold these
days.
A. I’m
afraid I do B. Of
course not C. No trouble at
all D. Yes, just go
ahead
22.Song
Zhiyong, an ordinary farmer in Tangshang, devoted himself ______the people
in the snow-hit and earthquake-hit areas.
A .to
help B. in
helping C . to
helping
D. helping
23.The
news has spread all over the country______ the Chang’e-1 has been launched
successfully.
A.
that
B. which C.
whether
D. what
24.______
the Olympic Games successfully is the most important event of 2009 for us
Chinese,_______ proved that
A.
Hosted; which B. To host;
as C. Hosting; that D. Hosting; which
25.
---Why do you look so sad?
---There are so many problems _____.
A.
remaining to settle B. remained
settling
C.
remaining to be settled D.
remained to be settled
26.---Did
you have any problem in getting accustomed to the climate here?
--- _____ to speak of.
A.
None B. Neither C. Nothing D. No one
27.Was
it in the factory ______ we used to work _____ the accident occurred ?
A.
where; that B. which;
that C. that ; where D. where; which
28.
He is so tall that you can _______ easily in the crowd.
A. find him out B. pick him out C. work him out D. speak him out
29.______
looking after her sick mother, the fifteen-year-old girl had to take up two
part-time jobs to earn some money for food.
A. As
far as B. As long
as C. As much
as D. As
well as
30.The
inspectors, _____ the book unhealthy for children, suggested it ______.
A.
finding; banned B. to find;
banned C. found; to be
banned D. finding; be banned
31.Do
you know that smoking and drinking has become a _____ problem among teenagers,
which worries many parents and
teachers ?
A.
popular
B. typical C.
daily
D. traditional
32.
John Smith, who _____ in many different countries before he _____ to
A.
lived; came B. live; had come C. has lived; came D. had lived; had came
33.---What’s
going on between you and Peter ?
--- We had a fight. I regard him as my
trustworthy friend ____ to my shock, he gave me away.
A.
unless B.
since C. for D.
until
34.Not
until we had stayed together for a couple of days _____ we had a lot in common.
A. I found B. that I found C. did I find D. had I found
35.______ more and more companies closed down, _____ number of laid-off people is increasing year by year.
A. With; the B. For; a C. Since; the D. Because; a
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Father's
Day is a fairly new celebration in the British calendar compared with Mother's
Day, which has been a very popular and well celebrated festival in the
Father’s Day was first celebrated by American 36 it was inspired by the actions of a man named William Smart. He was a veteran（退伍军人）of the US Civil War and his wife 37 away giving birth to their sixth child. He 38 six children alone without remarrying, which was undoubtedly 39 back in those days.
His daughter, Sonora Dodd, 40 when she was an adult what her father had sacrificed for his 41 . It was in the early 1900s and she was actually 42 one day, listening to a sermon（传教） on 43 . She thought there should 44 be a Father's Day celebration.
And so
the 45 was born, on the third Sunday every June,
close to the anniversary of
Father's Day is never quite such the big commercial event 47 Mother's Day is, probably because it hasn't been in 48 for so long. But what do British people do for Father's Day?
Well, most people would buy their fathers a card. The card would probably have a nice message in it 49 what a great Dad their father is. Some people do buy presents as well.
50 gifts for Dads are probably ties, chocolates or socks because these are things that Dads can 51 use even if they don't want them. In the run-up（即将到来之际） to Father's Day, or indeed Mother's Day, there will be ads on the TV giving 52 ideas of CDs or gadgets （小玩具，小玩意）we can buy. Card shops will be full of mugs or pens and similar goods with “World's Greatest Dad” 53 on them.
Some families 54 do things together to celebrate Father's Day like going for a meal. As a special treat, British people might give their Dad a bit of a rest , 55 him a cup of tea, or even wash his car and mow the lawn（除草） to make him feel really appreciated.
36. A. so B. or C. and D. but
37. A. passed B. ran C. went D. died
38. A. brought B. raised C. fed D. educated
39. A. unnatural B. unfair C. untrue D. unusual
40. A. realized B. noticed C. found D. heard
41. A. wife B. son C. daughter D. children
42. A. at school B. at church C. at home D. at work
43. A. Father’s Day B. Christmas Day C.Mother’s Day D. New Year’s Day
44. A. still B. also C. too D. as well
45. A. attraction B. position C. tradition D. congratulation
46. A. specially B. especially C. greatly D. officially
47. A. as B. like C. that D. which
48. A. use B. existence C. effect D. power
49. A. writing B. speaking C. telling D. saying
50. A. Popular B. Regular C. Normal D. Moral
51. A. sometimes B. seldom C. never D. always
52. A. you B. us C. them D. people
53. A. placed B. put C. written D. laid
54. A. must B. might C. can D. should
55. A. make B. cook C. boil D. steam
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
A
The curtain of the Beijing Olympics dropped on August 24th with a closing ceremony featured with carnival (狂欢节)festiveness; however ,it seems that the atmosphere of gathering and celebration still goes on in people’s hearts. The readers of People’s Daily Online have left many messages expressing their admiration for the organizers and share their views on the whole games.
Most of them speak highly of the games by using such words as “extremely successful” ,”memorable”and “flawless(无暇的)”.The opening and closing ceremonies have also received wide laud for being “exceptional”, “most attracting”, “unforgettable”, “unique”, “wonderful”,and “splendid”.
The following are some of the messages:
“Wo Ai
“It was the most attracting show I’ve ever seen .Unlikely some country will ever be able to measure up! My deepest respect for all of you and sincere congratulations for these amazing ,unique and breathtaking OG.Breathtaking!By Griet”.
“With
great respect for the Chinese people and with much interest I have watched
closely these unforgettable and unique Olympic Games. I’ve enjoyed the amazing and breathtaking opening and
closing ceremonies in
“All
the Americans I know think that
56. What festival was the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics like?
A. Mid-autumn Day B. New year’s Day C. Christmas Day D. Carnival Day
57. What does the passage tell us about?
A. The closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
B. People’s congratulations on the Beijing Olympics.
C. People’s praise for the Beijing Olympic Games and the organizers.
D. People’s admiration for the organizers of the Beijing Olympics.
58. What does the underlined word “laud” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. praise B. celebration C. criticism D. comment
B
Arriving in
There are three airports in
Eating out
There are many kinds of food in
Hotels
There are lots of good hotels in
Public transport
In
Places to see
Finally ,there are a lot of places to see in
shopping
Shopping in New York is fun .There are big shops on 5th avenue .They are open seven days a week .But be careful when you look at the prices ;you have to pay a special 8% tax on everything you buy in New York .
59.How many airports are there in
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
60.How much do you have to pay if you
buy a book of $
A. $10.8 B.$
61.When you visit
A. do as much shopping as possible B. take a taxi whenever you go out
C. stay at the best hotel---the Plaza D. try Italian and Chinese food
62. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You should take a bus to travel because it’s much cheaper.
B.
C. People can visit many places of
interest in
D. You are not allowed to go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty.
C
I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?
Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of fiats.
Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don’t even say hello to each other.
Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated（隔离）existence because a sense of community generally ties the inhabitants of small villages together. But country life has disadvantages too. It is true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-people who leave for the country are often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quietness.
What , then , of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by? I’m eager for the idea, but you see there’s my cat, Toby. I’m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric fire any evening.
63. We learn from Paragraph I that the writer________.
A. used to live in the country B. used to work in the city
C. works in the city D. lives in the country
64. In the writer’s opinion , the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT_______.
A. a strong sense of fear B. a lack of communication
C. housing conditions D. a sense of isolation
65. The text implies that it is not easy to buy ______ in the country.
A. agricultural produce B. fresh fruits C. fresh vegetables D. designed clothes
66. The passage manly talks about_______
A. the advantages of living in cities
B. the difference between living in cities and villages
C. most people prefer to live in cities D. the advantages of living in villages
D
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67. Tom, a boy in Grade 9, wants to study in a school which can offer students a good beginning in study and relationship. Which school should he choose?
A.
C.
68.
A. 650-967-6886 B. 650-967
69. The advertisement is intended for ________.
A. teachers B. university students
C. students who want to continue their education
D. students who want to attend universities
70. John , from a poor family , failed the College Entrance Examination in 2008. He decided to attend a continuation high school to study some skills in building , so he should fax his application to ________.
A. 670-467-4848 B. 650-961
E
On the afternoon of September 27,2008 ,astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese man to walk in space on Saturday, clambering(攀爬) out of China's Shenzhou VII space craft in a technological feat（成就） that made the Chinese people excited.
"I'm
feeling quite well. I greet the Chinese people and the people of the
world," Zhai said as he climbed out of the craft at around
Chinese
President Hu Jintao and other top leaders had appeared at the
Zhai, 42, chosen
by an expert team for the first "out-of -capsule activity," showed a
red national flag, helped by colleague Liu Boming, who also briefly popped his
head out of the capsule.
Zhai slowly made
his way towards a test sample of solid lubricant(润滑剂)
outside the capsule, took a sample and handed it to Liu.
Zhai safely
returned inside the craft after about 20 minutes. The walk marked the highpoint
of 
Zhai wore a $4.4
million Chinese-made suit weighing 120-kg. Liu wore a Russian-made one and
acted as an assistant.
The third crew member, Jing Haipeng, monitored the ship from inside the re-entry module.
The risky
maneuver is a step towards
"On this flight, Chinese people's footprints will be left in space for the first time," said a commentary by the Xinhua news agency.
The
astronauts went abroad on their walk after receiving a clean bill of health from doctors on the ground at mission
control in
Zhai's suit has 10 layers and takes up to 15 hours to assemble and put on.
Shenzhou VII took off on Thursday and is due to land on the northern steppes (草原)of Inner Mongolia on Sunday.
71. The space walk done by the Chinese astronaut was historic because_______.
A. it was telecast live
B. there were more Chinese viewers than ever
C. it was the first space walk carried out by Chinese astronauts
D. top leaders watched the space walk
72. The following statements are true EXCEPT________.
A. the lubricant put outside the capsule was a test sample
B. it took Zhai Zhigang about 20 minutes to return to the craft safely
C. many televisions and newspapers around the world reported the event
D. there is an aerospace control center in the capital
73. The significance of the space walk is that _________.
A. the astronaut can work outside the spacecraft
B. it marks a successful step towards
C. it has attracted tens of millions of people to watch the walk
D. the Chinese-made space suit can be used in space
74. What does the underlined word “clean” mean in the passage?
A. Healthy B. Paid-off C. Not dirty D. Clear
75. The best title of the passage is ________ .
A. First Footprints of Chinese People in Space
B. Expensive Space Suit
C. Three Successful Manned Flights by Chinese Astronauts
D. Historic Space Walk by Chinese Astronaut
洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
英 语 试 卷
第II卷（非选择题，共35分）
注意事项：
1、第II卷共2页，用钢笔或圆珠笔直接写在试题卷上。
2、答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
节次
第一节
第二节
总分
得分
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如果有错误(每行不会多于一个错误)，则按情况改错如下：
此行多一个词，把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
A group of scientists were planning to go
to countryside to do a Scientific research in order to 76.____________
find out that whether the environment of the country 77.____________
had polluted . On arrival , they started to check the 78.____________
air and water . To our surprise, they found 79.____________
how terribly the situation was. They could see 80.____________
the serious pollution . Look into the cause, 81.____________
they persuade the government to pass the law 82.____________
to protect the environment and kept the balance of 83.____________
nature . Now everything has changed . Birds are 84.____________
singing while tree and grass are waving . &nbs
洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
数 学 试 卷（文科）
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分。
第I卷（选择题 共60分）
注意事项：
1、答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，将第II卷和答题卡一并交回。
洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
政 治 试 卷
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分。
第I卷（选择题 共48分）
注意事项：
1、答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，将第II卷和答题卡一并交回。
洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
历 史 试 卷
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分。
第I卷（共57分）
注意事项：
1、答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，将第II卷和答题卡一并交回。
洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
地 理 试 卷
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分。
第I卷（选择题 共60分）
注意事项：
1、答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，将第II卷和答题卡一并交回。
原电池与电解
教学目标
知识技能：通过复习掌握原电池、电解、电镀、金属的腐蚀和防护原理。
能力培养：根据知识点的复习培养总结、归纳的能力，培养应用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
科学思想：应用电化学的知识综合、归纳，理论联系实际。
科学方法：应用实验研究问题的方法。
重点、难点 原电池与电解池的比较。
教学过程设计
教师活动
有机合成
教学目标
知识技能：通过复习有机合成，使学生掌握有机物的官能团间的相互转化以及各类有机物的性质、反应类型、反应条件、合成路线的选择或设计。会组合多个化合物的有机化学反应，合成指定结构简式的产物。
能力培养：培养学生自学能力、观察能力、综合分析能力、逻辑思维能力以及信息的迁移能力。
科学思想：通过精选例题，使学生认识化学与人们的生活是密切相关的，我们可以利用已学的知识，通过各种方法合成人们需要的物质，使知识为人类服务，达到对学生渗透热爱化学、热爱科学、热爱学习的教育。
科学品质：激发兴趣和科学情感；培养求实、创新、探索的精神与品质。
科学方法：通过组织学生讨论解题关键，对学生进行辩证思维方法的教育，学会抓主要矛盾进行科学的抽象和概括。
重点、难点 学会寻找有机合成题的突破口。学会利用有机物的结构、性质寻找合成路线的最佳方式。
教学过程设计
教师活动
【复习引入】上节课我们主要复习了有机反应的类型，与有机物合成有关的重要反应规律有哪几点呢？
【追问】每一规律的反应机理是什么？
（对学生们的回答评价后，提出问题）
【投影】
①双键断裂一个的原因是什么？
②哪种类型的醇不能发生氧化反应而生成醛或酮？
③哪种类型的醉不能发生消去反应而生成烯烃？
④酯化反应的机理是什么？
⑤什么样的物质可以发生成环反应？对学生的回答进行评价或补充。
学生活动
思考、回忆后，回答：共5点。
①双键的加成和加聚；
②醇和卤代烃的消去反应；
③醇的氧化反应；
④酯的生成和水解及肽键的生成和水解；
⑤有机物成环反应。
讨论后，回答。
积极思考，认真讨论，踊跃发言。
答：①双键的键能不是单键键能的两倍，而是比两倍略少。因此，只需要较少的能量就能使双键里的一个键断裂。
②跟―OH相连的碳原子与3个碳原子相连的醇一般不能被氧化成醛或酮；
③所在羟基碳原子若没有相邻的碳原子（如CH3OH）或相邻碳原子上没有氢原子[如（CH3）3CCH2OH]的醇（或卤代烃）不能发生消去反应而生成不饱和烃；
④酯化反应的机理是：羧酸脱羟基，醇脱氢。
⑤能发生有机成环的物质是：二元醇脱水、羟基酸酯化、氨基酸脱水、二元羧酸脱水。
【提问】衡量一个国家的石油化工业发展水平的标志是什么？为什么？
回答：常把乙烯的年产量作为衡量一个国家石油化工发展水平的标志。
原因是：乙烯是有机化工原料，在合成纤维工业、塑料工业、橡胶工业、医药等方面得到广泛应用。
【评价后引入】今天我们来复习有机物的合成。
【板书】有机合成
【讲述】下面让我们一起做第一道题，请同学们思考有机合成中合成路线的合理设计的关键是什么？应从哪些方面入手？
【投影】
例1 用乙炔和适当的无机试剂为原料，合成 
。
资料1
资料2
倾听，明确下一步的方向。
展开讨论：
从原料到产品在结构上产生两种变化：
①从碳链化合物变为芳环化合物；
②官能团从“―C≡C―”变为“―Br”。由顺推法可知：由乙炔聚合可得苯环，如果由苯直接溴代，只能得到溴苯，要想直接得到均三溴苯很难。我们只能采取间接溴代的方法，即只有将苯先变为苯酚或苯胺，再溴代方可；而三溴苯酚中的“―OH”难以除去。而根据资料2可知， 
中的“―NH2”可通过转化为重氮盐，再进行放氮反应除去。
板演方程式：
【评价】大家分析得很全面，也很正确。现将可行方案中所涉及到的有关反应方程式按顺序写出。请两名同学到黑板来写，其他同学写在笔记本上。
【评价】两名学生书写正确。
【提问】对比这两道小题，同学们想一想，设计合成有机物的路线时，主要应从哪里进行思考呢？
分析、对比、归纳出：
①解题的关键是找出原料与产品的结构差别是什么，然后在熟知物质性能的基础上寻找解决问题的途径即合成路线。
②在解题时应考虑引入新的官能团，能否直接引入，间接引入的方法是什么？这些问题的解决就需要我们熟练掌握有机物的特征反应。
氧族元素
教学目标
知识技能：通过硫及其化合物转化关系的教学，使学生掌握H2S、SO2、H2SO4的性质、制法和用途；通过实验设计的分析与讨论，使学生对硫及其化合物知识网络化、系统化。
能力培养：以硫及其化合物的性质为载体，以实验设计为核心，训练学生对已有知识进行分析综合、归纳演绎的思维能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
科学思想：通过学生自己对实验方案的设计与讨论，培养学生严谨求实的科学态度。
科学品质：通过以学生为主体的探究式教学途径，激发学生的学习兴趣，尝试成功的喜悦，使学生更加喜爱化学。
科学方法：通过实验设计的讨论与分析，使学生领会化学科学研究的一般方法。
重点、难点 硫及其化合物的相互转化关系的实验设计与评价。硫及其化合物各代表物性质的综合运用。
教学过程设计
教师活动
【引言】上节课我们复习了卤族元素的知识，下面我们复习氧族元素。在复习本部分内容时，建议以掌握S、H2S、SO2、H2SO4代表物的性质为核心，用氧化还原的观点为指导思想。
学生活动
倾听、形成基本的复习思路。
【板书】二、氧族元素
【提问】请按下表要求填入你所知道的含有硫元素的物质的化学式：
再现、讨论后得到：
【提问】请根据所学的元素化合物知识，列出上面表格中的各物质之间的转化关系
讨论逐步完善后得到：
【板书】1．硫及其重要化合物间相互转化关系
【投影】
要求学生叙述各转化关系的化学方程式。
【板书】2．硫的重要化合物性质的实验设计
结合上面的硫元素的知识网络图做好进行实验设计的心理准备。
【板书】（1）SO2、H2S的制备及性质的实验设计
【投影】请设计一套实验装置生成SO2并证明SO2有氧化性、还原性和漂白性。
【提问】
①该装置应包括几部分？
②通过怎样的实验证明SO2有氧化性？写出反应的化学方程式。将观察到怎样的现象。
③请确定气体发生装置及所需药品。写出化学方程式。
④制H2S时不使用浓硫酸的原因？
⑤如何证明SO2有还原性？将观察到怎样的实验现象？写出化学方程式。
⑥如果证明SO2有漂白性？将观察到怎样的实验现象？
⑦尾气能否排入大气？应如何处理？
⑧装置的各组成部分如何连接最合理？
讨论、设计实验方案。
思考并回答：
①气体发生装置、证明还原性的装置、证明漂白性的装置、证明氧化性的装置、尾气吸收装置。
②使SO2与H2S反应。
2H2S+SO2=3S↓+2H2O，将观察到有淡黄色固体物质生成。
③
Na2SO3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+SO2↑+H2O
FeS+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2S↑
④浓硫酸可将-2价S元素氧化。
⑤使SO2通过装有溴水或酸性KMnO4溶液的洗气瓶。溶液将褪色。
Br2+SO2+2H2O=2HBr+H2SO4
⑥使SO2气体通过装有品红溶液的洗气瓶或与湿润的有色布条接触，品红溶液或布条将褪色。
⑦因SO2和H2S均污染环境，所以不能排入大气，可用碱液吸收。
⑧充分讨论后最终得出下列装置图：（见图3-5）
【投影】SO2氧化性、还原性、漂白性的验证：
【练习】将等体积的SO2和Cl2的混合气体通入品红溶液中，品红溶液是否褪色？为什么？
思考、讨论并解答：不褪色，原因是发生了如下反应：
SO2+Cl2+2H2O=2HCl+H2SO4
【板书】
自我总结与概括。
【板书】（2）浓硫酸性质的实验设计
【提问】浓硫酸有哪些特殊性质？举例说明。（要求学生口述有关反应的化学方程式）。
回忆、再现浓硫酸的特殊性质。思考并回答：①吸水性――浓硫酸在空气中放置吸水而增重，浓硫酸可做气体干燥剂。②脱水性――浓硫酸使蔗糖炭化，浓硫酸使乙醇脱水转化为乙烯。③强氧化性――浓硫酸与金属Cu、非金属C等反应。
【投影】请设计一套实验装置图，用来演示浓硫酸与木炭共热的反应及检验其生成的产物。
【提问】
①写出浓硫酸与木炭反应的化学方程式。选择该反应的发生装置。
讨论、设计实验方案。
讨论、思考并确定：
①2H2SO4（浓）+C 
2SO2↑+CO2↑+2H2O，依据反应物的状态和反应条件，选择如下实验装置：
②应先检验何种产物？选择实验装置。
②应先检验水，选择如下装置：
③填写下面的表格：
③
据上确定如何检验SO2和CO2，设计出实验装置图并说明实验现象及得出的结论。
回答：A中的品红溶液褪色，则证明了SO2的存在。B中的酸性KMnO4溶液或溴水用于吸收SO2，实验过程中颜色将变浅。C中的品红溶液用于证实SO2是否除净。当C中品红不褪色，D中石灰水变浑则证明了CO2的存在。
师生共同归纳后得出下面的实验装置图：
【投影】浓硫酸与木炭反应的实验设计：
【板书】
【提问】含硫元素的阴离子主要有哪些？
思考、回忆并归纳出：S2-、SO32-、S2O32-、SO42-。
【板书】
（3）S2-、SO32-、S2O32-、SO42-检验的实验设计
【提问】各种离子应如何检验？将检验方案填写在下面的表格内：
讨论、总结出各种离子的检验方案，与教师共同完成表格。
【投影】几种含硫离子的检验：
【提问】在某溶液中加入BaCl2溶液和稀硝酸，有白色沉淀产生，原溶液中一定有SO42-离子吗？为什么？
思考讨论在教师的引导下得出：原溶液中不一定含SO42-，原因是：
①Ag+与BaCl2产生的AgCl同样不溶于稀硝酸。
②若原溶液中含有SO32-，则加入BaCl2溶液时产生BaSO3沉淀，该沉淀遇稀硝酸会被氧化成BaSO4，仍然是白色沉淀。
【过渡】由此可见Ag+、SO32-对SO42-的检验有干扰。那么，应如何正确的检验SO42-呢？
讨论、发表不同见解。最终得出正确的检验方法是：先加稀盐酸排除Ag+、SO32-离子的干扰，再加BaCl2溶液，有白色沉淀产生，则证明原溶液含SO42-。
理解与记忆。
【板书】S2-、SO32-、S2O32-离子的检验用酸，SO42-离子的检验是先加稀盐酸，再加BaCl2溶液。
【投影】硫和氯是同周期的主族元素，通过哪些事实可以证明氯的非金属性强于硫？请从原子结构的角度给予解释。
讨论、回忆归纳得出：
①Cl2与Fe、Cu反应生成FeCl3、CuCl2，而S与Fe、Cu反应生成FeS、Cu2S。
②Cl2与H2见光可发生爆炸性反应，H2可在Cl2中燃烧，H2与Cl2
极易化合，HCl很稳定。S蒸气与H2加热才化合，H2S不稳定。
③Cl2通入H2S溶液中会置换出S，即Cl2+H2S=S↓+2HCl。
④酸性：HClO4（最强酸）＞H2SO4（强酸）。
引导学生从原子结构的角度解释这些事实并得出下面结论：
【板书】原子结构→非金属性（氧化性）：Cl＞S
精选题
江苏省如皋市2009届高三第一次统一考试
语 文 试 卷
注意事项：
1．本试卷包括必做题和选做题，其中第六大题为选做题，其它题为必做题。满分为160分，考试时间为150分钟。
2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、考试证号等用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题纸密封线内。请认真核对规定填写的项目是否准确。
3．选择题答案用2 B铅笔填涂在答题卡上；主观题答案必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡与答题纸一并交回。
盐类水解知识及其应用
教学目标
知识技能：使学生掌握盐类水解的实质和规律，并能够运用水解规律及平衡知识解释、说明有关化学事实。
能力培养：创设问题情景，引导学生注重掌握知识的准确性，培养学生运用知识逻辑推理，解决新问题的能力。
科学思想：通过实验及问题讨论，加强学生对现象与本质的辩证关系的理解，使学生学会用实验方法和逻辑推理去探究物质之间的内在联系。
科学品质：通过对水解知识的拓展与迁移，激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲，让学生自己设计实验，培养学生的创造性和严谨求实的科学品质。
科学方法：分析推理，迁移应用及科学抽象。
重点、难点 水解规律的综合应用及准确的分析表述。
教学过程设计
教师活动
【引言】
我们已经知道盐溶液不一定是中性溶液，其原因是由于盐类的水解。本次课的内容是复习水解实质、规律及相关知识在解决实际问题中的应用。
学生活动
回忆思考有关盐类水解的概念及其规律。
【投影演示】
（1）少量CH3COONa固体投入盛有无水乙醇的培养皿，滴加几滴酚酞，然后再加入少量水。（2）少量镁粉投入盛有NH4Cl水溶液的培养皿。
【提问】
请结合两个实验现象，分析、解释其本质原因，并写出有关离子方程式。
观察实验，记录现象：
（1）开始酚酞不变色，加水后变红色；
（2）有气泡产生。
讨论分析现象得出：
实验（1）CH3COO-与水电离出的H+结合生成CH3COOH，而使水的电离平衡向右移动，溶液显碱性。因此盐类水解，水也是必要的反应物之一。
CH3COO-+H2O
CH3COOH+
实验（2）NH4+水解，使溶液显酸性，镁与水解产生的氢离子发生置换反应生成氢气。
NH4+H2ONH3?H2O+H+
Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑
由于水解平衡的正向移动，产生的气体中除氢气可能也有氨气。
归纳小结：