高三化学攻关三十六法之――开放型化学试题
开放型化学试题,答案往往不惟一,或者条件过剩,或者条件缺乏,都具有一定难度。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目,然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
将Fe、Cu、FeCl3、CuCl2四种固体放在烧杯中,加入适量水,搅拌,完全反应后溶液中仍存在Cu2+,则还可能存在的物质有:
①
②
③
④
(可不填满,也可补充)。
●案例探究
[例题]计算以下两小题时,除必须应用所有给出的数据外,还各缺少一个数据,指出该数据的名称(分别以a和b表示),并列出计算式。
(1)在温度为t℃和压强为p Pa的情况下,19.5 g A与11.0 g B恰好完全反应,生成固体C和3.00 L的D气体,计算生成的C的质量(m)。
缺少的数据是:____________,计算式为:m=____________。
(2)0.48 g金属镁与10 mL盐酸反应,计算生成的H2在标准状况下的体积[V(H2)]。
缺少的数据是:____________,计算式为:____________。
命题意图:考查学生对缺少条件的判定及补充条件后的计算能力。
知识依托:质量守恒定律、根据化学方程式的计算。
错解分析:忽视题干条件,补充出2个数据而出错;忽视气体的密度与温度等条件的关系,补充数据不补充数据存在的条件而出错;忽视所求V(H2)并不一定是在标准状况之下,补充出n(H2)而出错。与题意不符。
解题思路:本题就解题内容而言是两个较简单的题目,它采用了新的设问方法,每小题给出的信息中都缺少一个数据,要求考生先找出缺少的数据,再列式计算。为了防止答案过于分散,作了两项限制:①只准补充一个数据;②必须用到其他所有已知的条件。这样,可以避免考生将已知条件弃之不顾,而另外再设立若干条件,从而违背原题的立意。
第(1)小题给出反应物A和B的质量,以及气体产物D的体积,要计计算产物C的质量。由于该反应不涉及具体物质,因而不可能从反应物和产物的物质的量和摩尔质量来计算,只能从反应前后总质量相等着手。反应物的质量是已知的,而对产物D,则只知道其体积,要求算它的质量,必须知道该温度(t℃)和压强(p Pa)下气体的密度。将D的体积乘以该密度即得D的质量。
m(C)=m(A)+m(B)-m(D)。
第(2)小题要求计算反应中生成的H2在标准状况下的体积。题中给出了金属镁的质量和盐酸的体积,可是仅有盐酸的体积是无法确定其中HCl的质量或物质的量的,必须同时知道它的浓度(b mol?L-1)才行。
然而,即使补充了浓度,已知条件已经齐备,但是要计算生成H2的体积,还需要先判定Mg和HCl何者过量。
若HCl过量:
≥
则生成H2的体积应根据镁的量按下式计算:
V(H2)=×22.4 L?mol-1
若金属Mg过量:
>
则生成H2的体积应根据HCl的量按下式计算:
V(H2)=×22.4 L?mol-1
答案:(1)在t℃和p Pa下的气体密度(a)
m(C)=19.5 g+11.0 g-3.00 L×a[或m(C)=30.5 g-3.00a L]
(2)盐酸的物质的量浓度(b mol?L-1)
V(H2)=×22.4 L?mol-1或V(H2)=×22.4L?mol-1
●锦囊妙计
开放型化学试题包含以下几种情形:
1.条件过剩型:注意去伪存真,排除“假信息”的干扰,凸现“真信息”的作用。
2.条件不足型:要注意补充条件的准确性和严密性。
3.答案不惟一型:要注意思维的严密性,运用思维的序列性,谨防遗漏答案。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)现有含主族金属元素An+的溶液,c(An+)=0.80 mol?L-1。取该溶液10 mL恰好把20 mL 0.40 mol?L-1的Na2CO3(aq)中的CO全部沉淀。已知上述10 mL溶液中含此金属阳离子0.32 g,则该金属的相对原子质量为
A.24 B.32 C.40 D.64
2.(★★★★)在等物质的量短周期金属元素单质A和B中,分别加入足量的酸,在A中加入盐酸,在B中加入稀硫酸,反应完全后,生成氢气的体积分别为V(A)和V(B),而且V(A)≠V(B)。若要确定反应生成物中A和B的化合价,至少还需要知道的数据是
A.V(A)∶V(B)的值 B.V(A)[或V(B)]的值
C.A(或B)的物质的量 D.盐酸和硫酸的物质的量浓度
3.(★★★★)试设计实验证明两瓶颜色相近的气体哪一瓶是Br2蒸气,哪一瓶是NO2气体。(表可不填满,也可自行增加)
编号
方法和结论
①
②
③
4.(★★★★★)现有一份CuO和Cu2O混合物,用H2还原法测定其中CuO的质量x(g)。实验中可以测定如下数据:W―混合物的质量(g),W(H2O)―生成H2O的质量(g)、W(Cu)―生成Cu的质量(g)、V(H2)―消耗的H2在标准状况下的体积(L)。(已知摩尔质量:Cu2O―144 g?mol-1、H2O―18 g?mol-1、Cu―64 g?mol-1、CuO―80 g?mol-1)
(1)为了计算x,至少需要测定上述四个数据中的_______个,这几个数据的组合共有_______种,请将这些组合一一填入下表空格中。[说明:①选用W、W(H2O)、W(Cu)、V(H2)表示,不必列出具体计算式。②每个空格中填一种组合,有几种组合就填几种,不必填满]
(2)从上述组合中选写一个含W的求x的计算式:x=__________________。
福建省厦门市2009年高中毕业班质量检查
英语试题
本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。第一卷1至12页,第二卷13至14页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
第一卷(选择题共115分)
注意事项:
1.考生将自己的姓名、准考证号及所有答案均填写在答题卡上。
2.答题要求见答题卡上的“填涂样例”和“注意事项”。
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答
案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出
最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关
小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A
£19.15 B £
答案是B
1.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In amuseum. B.In acinema. C In a zoo.
2.What are the two speakers probably talking about?
A.Ancient castles. B.A seaside holiday C Hunting games
3.How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A.£7.5. B.£22.5. C.£45
4.What Callweinferfromthe conversation?
A.JackiS sure血athewill dobetterin血e next exam.
B.The exam was easier thall the previous one.
C.Jack probably failed in the exam.
5.Who is the woman most likely to be?
A.Mr.Smith’s wife. B.Mr.Smith’s boss. C.Mr.Smith’s secretary
第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个
选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅渎各个
小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
6.How long will the woman be away?
A.For one hour. B.For about 30 minutes. C For one and a half hours.
7.Who will buy a gift on Mother’s Day?
A.Only Mike. B.Neither of them. C Both of them
8-What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Colleagues. B.Husband and wife. C Doctor and patient
听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
9.Where is the man living now?
A.In his own house. B.With alocalfamily C In a student house.
10.Why does the man like the new place?
A.It’s a little cheaper.
B.It’s cheaper and quieter.
C.He can stay with his classmates.
11.What can we learn about the woman from the conversation?
A.Helpful. B.Curlous. C Honest.
听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。
12.What is Li Hua’S telephone number?
A.990 2764. B.909
13.What language is Li Hua going to learn?
A.Spanish. B.French. C Italian,
14.What time does Li Hua want to come to the lessons。
A.10:
听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。
15.What are the two speakers probably doing?
A.Finding out the truth. B.Typing the statement. C.Checking the record.
16.When did the accident happen?
A.This morning. B.Yesterday morning. C.This afternoon
17.What is the main cause ofth accident?
A.The driver was careless.
B.The student didn’t hear the horn(喇叭).
C.The speed of the car was too high.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What is Steinbeck’s book‘'Travels witll Charley”about?
A.People with problems.
B.navels aroundtheUSA.
C.Traveling around the world.
19.Who is Charley?
A.Steinbeck’s pet. B.Another writer. C.A tour guide.
20.Which shows the right order of the places Steinbeck and Charley traveled to?
A.Maine―Mjdwest―Califomia―Texas.
B.Midwest―Maine―Texas―Califclrnia.
C.New York―Califomia―Maine―Texas
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
答案是B。
21.一Could I ask you a rather personal question,Sir?
一Sure, .
A.you could B.my pleasure C.good idea D.go ahead
22.一Hello!Golden Bay Resort.Can I help you?
一Do you have a room for this weekend?
A.available B.useful C.possible D.empty
23.It’s obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess.
A.kept B.showed C proved D.remained
24. is responsible for this accident will be punished.
A.Who B.Whoever C.The one D.No matter who
25.一What do you think of the project put forward by the Blacks?
一Considering its real ,it will be well worth putting into practice.I suppose.
A.reward B.prize C.cost D.value
26.We then moved to Parisin 2001, we lived for six years.
A.when B.where C.that D.there
27.By the end of last year,another new theme park completed in that area.
A.was being B.would be C.has been D.had been
28.why do we have to Joan’S selfish behaviour?She should learn to care for others.
A.keep upwith B.catch up with C.put up with D.come up with
29.You late for yesterday’S class meeting,as it was so important.
A.couldn’t be B.shouldn’t be
C.mustn’t have been D.oughtn’t to have been
30.Joined by their Mends,Troy and Gabriella staged a musical heir experiences,hopes
and fears about the future.
A?reflecting B.reflected C.being reflected D.having reflected
31.一When did you learn the news that Obama made a trip to Canada as President?
一 was on my return.
A.That B.It C.There D.This
32.-Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?
-I didn’t want one,but he would have given me one if I
A.did B.would C.will D.had
33.Kate on her now novel,which is supposed to come out next month.
A.has been working B.had worked C.will be working D.was working
34.一Which of the three optional courses did you like best,Joe?
一To tell you the truth,I didn’t like of them.
A.either B.both C.any D.neither
35.The new tax policy only affects people on yearly incomes over¥120,000, the very rich.
A.by the way B.as a result C.in other words D.as a maner of
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填人空
白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One moming 1 wasted nearly
an hour watching a tiny ant carry a hug feather,Several times, it 36 sevefal obstcles(障碍物)in its path.And
after a momentary pause it would make me necessary detour(绕道). 37 one point,the ant had to cross
a crack about
and picked the feather up onthe other side,then continued onitsway.1was 40 by the
cleverness of this ant.It was only a small insect,lacking in 41 yet equipped with a brain to
reason,explore,discover and overcome. 42 this ant,like the other two-legged creatures
43_on the earth,also shares human failings。
After some time the ant 44 reached its destination―a flower bed and a small hole
that was me entrance to its 45 home.It was there that the ant met its 46 . How could that 1arge feather possibly 47 such a small hole?Of course,it couldn’t.So me ant,after all
this 48 and using great brightness,overcoming problems
all a
journey and in the end the feather was 51 more than a burden.Isn’t our 52 like that?
We worry about our families;we worry about the 53 of money;and we worry about all kinds of things.These are all burdens―the things we pick up along life’s path,and drag
them around the obstacles and over the cracks that life will bring,only to 54 that at the
destination they are 55 and we can’t take them with us?
36.A.brought about B.got over C came across D dealt with
37.A.At B.For C To D With
38.A.brave B.tiring C.magic D short
39.A.across B.through C.beside D behind
40.A.frightened B.attracted C.annoyed D satisfied
41.A.size B.height C.depth D length
42.A.Therefore B.But C.Moreover D Otherwise
43.A.working B.sleeping C.1iving D walking
44.A.probably B.suddenly C.easily D finally
45.A.underground B.lonely C.comfortable D big
46.A.partner B.match C.parent D friend
47. A fit B fix C suit D fill
48.A.decision B.pleasure C.trouble D.matter
49.A.insect B.problem C.hole D.feather
50.A.after B.until C.before D.once
51.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything
52.A.study B.aim C.dream D.1ife
53.A.waste B.1ack C.worth D.danger
54.A.think B.find C.wonder D.warn
55.A.bad B.practical C.useless D.meaningful
第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每题2分。满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填人空
白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Seniors Card is a partnership between the Queensland Government and participating
businesses to provide discounts and Queensland Government concessions(price reductions)on a
range of products and services to Queenslanders over 60.The project is FREE to join,and
therefore you are not required to disclose your income.Your Seniors Card or Seniors Business
Discount Card is convenient to use.Simply present your card at participating businesses to
obtain discounts.
To receive a Seniors Card you must
be a permanent resident of
or over
A Seniors Card is intended
for all
Card gives access to government concessions as well as discounts at participating businesses in
Queensland,some interstate discount and access to the FREE Senior Shopper service.
To receive a Seniors Card
you must be a Queensland resident.Applicants for a
Seniors Card must have
their principal place of residence in
of the year.Additionally this address must be registered with at least one of the following
government agencies:
If you meet these criteria and your principal place of residence is in Queensland,you can
apply for a card.However,if you live primarily in another Australian state,you will need to
apply for a Seniors Card from the office closest to your home.
56.If you have a Seniors Card,you can
A.participate in businesses B.provide discounts
C.get free services everywhere D.obtmn some discounts or price reductions
57.To get a Seniors Card,you should .
A.have a registered address B.make your income known
C.be a Queenslander of at least sixty D.five in
58.The underlined word criteria in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A.requirements B.wishes C.1evels D.needs
B
Kidsin a Sudanese refugee(难民)camp stir up a cloud of dust as they kick around a football.NBA superstar Tracy McGrady watches from a distance before offering to buy the kids a
grass pitch for$1.000.
Perhaps he sees a Ronaldinho rising up out of the African soil.Or maybe he just wants to
do something―anything―to give these children some hope.But he is told,politely,that grass
is not what the kids need.
This scene appears in 3 Point,a new documentary,which shows the Houston Rockets star
coming face―to-face with the reality that life is more than sport.
McGrady,29,writes on his website that he~aveled to Africa because he was tired of only
reading about it in news.“Who were the faces behind the statistics?”He said.“I needed to see it
formyself.
And he did.He stepped out of his large house and flew to a place torn to bits by war and
famine.He slept in a tent.He kept away from minefields.He talked with people who have been
suffering.And he swallowed his pride.
But no one should blame McGrady for wanting to buy the kids a pitch of grass.Spon gave
him a chance,so perhaps he thought it would do the same for the refugees.
McGrady was eyed by NBA managers as a teenager and he didn’t bother going to college.
Instead,he leaped right into the NBA.Since that move,basketball has given him a handsome living,but one very far removed from the lives of ordinary people
As McGrady would learn in Africa,most people see sports as just a break from life’s
difficulties.They don’t mistake it for 1ife
itself.
Only McGrady knows how this
Africa trip changed him,but I’d bet that,
at the very least,it has given him a new
sense for what is truly meaningful.
McGrady doesn’t own an NBA
championship ring.He hasn’t risen to the
heights of Kobe Bryant or Michael Jordan.
But,perhaps,now he knows he doesn’t have to in order to truly make a difference in the world
59.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.While in Africa,McGrady behaved considerately.
B.The trip to Africa has changed McGrady’s fife totally.
C.McGrady should be blamed for wanting to buy kids grass.
D.McGrady suffered as much as the African kids in his childhood.
60.What does the underlined word“eyed”'in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A.Mtnessed. B.Selected. C.Examined.D Researched.
61.After becoming an NBAplayer,McGrady
A.1eads a different life from ordinary people
B.1ives far away from other people
C.was once removed from NBA
D.refused to go to college
62.In this passage,the writer mainly tells us
A.McGrady took a trip to
B.African peoplelead a poor life today
C.African people don’t take sport for life
D.McGrady offered his help to African children
C
A machine which makes water out of
air could become the greatest household
invention since the microwave.
Using the same technology as a
dehumiditier(除湿器),the Water Mill is
able to create a ready supply of drinking
water by getting it from a limitless source-
the air.
The company behind the machine says
not only does it offer all altemative to
bottled water in developed countries,but it is a solution for the millions who face a dally water
shortage.
The machine works by drawing in damp air through a filter and over a cooling element which
changes it into water droplets.It call produce up to 12 liters a day.The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over,as the humidity(湿度)in the air increases.In keeping with its ecodevelopment,the machine uses the same amount ofelectricity as three fight bulbs.
Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said:‘'The demand for water is off the chart.People are looking
for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable”.
The machine,which is about 3 feet wide,is likely to cost£800 when it goes on sale here
in the spring.Its maker,Canadian firm Element Four,estimates(估计)that a liter of water will
cost around 20 pence to produce.
Environmentalists claim half the world’s population will face water shortage because of
climate change by 2080.One in five humans is said to lack access to safe drinking water.
TheWaterMillis not effectivein areaswith below about 30 percent relative humidity,but
with average relative
humidity in
issue here. ,
63.According to the author,the biggest advantage of the machine is its .
A.little power use B.proper size C.unlimited source D.high production
64.We can conclude from the passage that the machine .
A.carl beused everywhere
C.has notbeen on sale
B.will replace the water distribution system
D.will solve the problem of water shortage
65.What is necessary for the machine to work?
A?Enough air. B.Enough humidity. C.Enough water.D.Enough containers.
66.What would be the best title for this passage?
A.Machine to Make Water out ofAir B.Microwave for Household Use
C.Filter to Draw in
Damp Air
D.Modem Dehumidifier on
D
Just as the stock(股票)market rises and falls in response to what people are wilting to put
their money behind,we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response
to our beliefs about what is possible.Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to challenge
our belief systems determines the success of our inner economy For example,imagine that your
family of origin had a befief that musical talent was not something they possessed.As a member
of that group,you would likely hold that sanle belief about yourself.As a result,even ifyou had
a great desire to create music,you might be hesitant to really get behind yourself,fearing that your inVestment(投资)would not pay off.Even if you had the courage to follow your passion.
your inner belief that you are not born talented would probably be a major obstacle to investing
your energy in your dream.
On the other hand.If you found away to release that negative belief,agreat flood of energy would pour forth,greatly increasing the likefihood of your success.How much energy we are
wilting to invest in the various ideas,dreams,and visions we carry within is like the mollev
people are,or are not,willing to invest in the various products available for wade on the stock
market.And in both cases,belief plays a key role in determining how willing we are to get
behind something.One way to open up the possibility for greater snccess in our inner economies
is to understand that belief is not the reliable guide we sometimes think.There are other more
reliable things of success that we can put our faith in,such as passion,feeling,and sense.Some
of the most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain.
trusting their sense over the common opinion held by common people about what will work.
In the same way,we can learn to trust our heart’s desires and onr sense to guide us.
questioning any beliefs that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves.As we
take out energy from limiting ideas about what is possible,we free up the resources that have the
power to make our inner economy prosper.
67.We can safely conclude from the first paragraph that
A.our befief is not reliable B。belief is not so important in our success
C.befiefis an obstacle to our Success D.our belief determines our Success in some way
68,According to the passage,if a family of origin has passion for literature,the members of the
family will probably
A.write poems B.hate hterature
C.enter the field of fiterature D.teach literature
69.We Call put our faith in the following things of success except .
A.passion B.feefing C.sense D.stock market
70.Thepurposeofthe authoris .
A.toteachus alesson
B.to give us some useful suggestions
C.to encourage us to invest in the stock market
D.to tell us conlinon people have negative beliefs
E
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites
you’ve visited.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or
cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact,it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you.Who would watch
you without your permission?It might be a girlfriend,a marketing company,a boss,a policeman
or a criminal.Whoever it is,they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen――the 21st
century equal to being caught naked(裸露的).
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy,though it's important to reveal(透露)yourself
to friends,family and lovers in stages,at appropriate times.Actually few boundaries remain.The
digital breadcrumbs(面包屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who
you are,where you are and what you like.In some cases,a simple Google search can reveal
what you think.Like it or not,increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret
The key question is:Does that matter?For many Americans.the answer apparently is”no”.
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy,most say they are concerned about losing
it.A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy,with 60 percent of
respondents saying they feel their privacy is”slipping away,and that bothers me.’‘
But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change
any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn down a discount at
tollbooths(收费亭)to avoid using theEZ―Pass systemthat cantrack(跟踪)automobile movements.And few tum down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro
Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submit personal information like Social
Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠券).
But privacy does matter―at least sometimes.It's like health;when you have it,you don’t
notice it.Only when it’S gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
71.FromParagraph2,we can infer
A.Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology
B.People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age
C.In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’secrets
D.People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge
72.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A.There should be a distance even between friends.
B.There should be fewer quarrels between friends
C.Friends should always be faithful to each other.
D.Friends should open their hearts to each other.
73.Why does the author say“we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret”?
A.Thereare alwayspeoplewhoare curious aboutothers’affairs.
B.Many search engines profit by reveafing people’S identities.
C.People leave traces around when using modem technology.
D.Modem society has finally developed into an open society.
74.What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A.They change behavios that might disclose their identity.
B.They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
C.They rely more and more on electronic equipment.
D.They use various loyalty cards for business deals.
75.According to the passage,privacy is like health in that
A.its importance is rarely understood
B.itis something that Can easily be lost
C.people will make every effort to keep it
D.people don’t treasure it until they lose it
厦门市2009年高中毕业班质量检查
英语试题
第二卷(非选择题共35分)
注意事项:用
第四部分写作【共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文填词(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,根据以下提示:1)汉语提示,2)首字母提示,3)语境提示,在每
个空格内填人一个适当的英语单词,并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词
要求意义准确,拼写正确。
An American bestseller has been popular among the students in our
School (最近).It is so inspiring that 1 would like to recommend 76
it to you.This book,Chicken Soup for the Soul, w by Jack 77
Canfield,first appeared 1993 and soon became a bestseller. 78
It will surely inspire readers of all (年龄).It has been put into 79
many languages,spreading love to all over the world.B ,an English. 80
version is of g help to us English learners as it wil help improve 81
our English.It costs 64 yuan. you can get it for54.4yuan through 82
online shopping,which will (节省)you 9.6yuan.You Can order 83
it at www.dangdang.com,and g the book within one week after 84
your payment.For more please visit the website. 85
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
You are Li Ming,the editor of an English magazine.This is part of the letter a middle
school student,Lin Tao,has sent you.Read it and write a letter of advice to him.
…
I’m a Senior 3 student.1 have to take English exams everytwo weeks.But the results are
always discouraging in spite of my great efforts.I don't know why.I 'm afraid something is
wrong with my English learning method.What’s worse,before each exam,I'm always feeling
nervous and cannot sleep well.Could you give me some suggestions?
…
In your letter of reply,you should include:
n Advice on how to improve Engfish,e.g.1istening,speaking...
n Advice on how to deal with exam anxiety.
n Other suggestions…
You should write l20 words or so,not including the given words and expressions.
厦门市2009年高中毕业班质量检查
2009年全国中考语文作文大预测3
生活百态,市井纷杂。人生的悲欢离合,命运的酸甜苦辣,现实在这里搭建起一个个舞台。深深浅浅的年华,若隐若现的时光。叙说着,警示着,行走着;用生命的绿叶作装饰,引导通往心灵深处的路,守护着生活的纯真,同时也奉献着一颗无悔的心。从容与安闲,困惑与思考,采撷忧伤,编织美丽,笑对忧伤,弹侃人生,融入历史文化,感受生活真谛。一丝烛光小语,一卷心灵底片,一束况味人生,一声行走吟唱,化作轻盈隽永的文字,在人世间涓涓流淌。
缺了这些精神因素,再多的财富,也不能使自已快乐幸福和这个社会安宁而平稳。于是,人们宜选月冷风清竹木葱浓的灵魂深处,为自己创建一座精神家园。精神家园,说大不大,说小不小,非常世界,建立精神的栖息地,是智慧生灵的义务,每个人都有如此的权利。我们可以不美丽,但我们要健康。我们可以不伟大,但我们要庄严。我们可以不完满,但我们在努力。我们可以不要幸福,但我们要真诚。不要轻觑了事业对精神的濡养或反之对它的腐蚀作用,它以深远的力度和广度,挟持着我们的精神。精神的家园一定要住进你所爱好的事业。精神家园也要用乐观来维护,它在突然而来的不幸面前会给你力量。会把天地间的自然美化为精神的清泉滤净你的浮躁,用精神的清泉涤净你心灵的尘埃。在一种美妙的精神境界中蔓生出无限盎然的情趣和心境,不为名利所牵,不为欲望所累,使你的心灵变得沉静安祥。事业增增日上。
美文阅读
一粒种子的信念
我是一粒种子,一粒很不起眼的酸枣树的种子。我被一农家的主人购买,我想我今后将会过着无忧无虑的生活,“吃”着上好的肥料,“喝”着山顶流下的甘泉,主人将守护着我健康成长……可是,没有料到我却成为不幸的一个,由于主人的疏忽,车子绊到一块石头上颠了一下,我被甩了出来。
那是一个很不起眼的地方――一个石缝,荒凉而坚硬。我也不奢望哪一天主人会突然想起他少了个我,于是,我便开始萌生一个信念:“活下去!”我要活下去,这是我唯一的希望。这时我感到身体下方可以吮吸到一些甘甜的水,感谢上天,给了我一线生的希望,我便坚持不懈地天天吮吸它,身体也一天天膨胀起来了。
一天清晨,我突然感觉到风的温馨,“啊,我长出了小芽……”此时我心潮澎湃,我总算活下来了,一个新生命定会受到关注吧!我想。“咦,姐姐快来看,石缝里冒出来了一个小芽!”一个小姑娘嚷道。“那只是野草!”姐姐心不在焉地笑着,天呀,我想大喊一声:“为什么?为什么没有人看得起我?”于是,我便又坚定了一个信念:“活下去,并且要活得很精彩!”
我又开始了新的拼搏。
新的挑战来临时,雨点打击着我,洪水淹没了我,我挣扎着,飘摇而顽强。烈日炙烤着我,云雾缠绕着我,我承受着,安详而倔强。狂风来了,我咬紧土地;野兽踩食过后,我就从活着的根上重新生长,终于,我的身体一天天强壮。
几年过去了,我竟然长成了一棵树。虽然高不足尺,叶疏枝稀,但也果实累累。
空气中有草木的芬芳,枝叶间有阳光的抚慰,枝头上有鸟儿跳来跳去。生命终于有了自己的一方天地。这时,两位女子走来了“咦,姐,那不是你说的那棵野草,怎么……”姐姐顿时脸色绯红:“这,这……竟然长成了一棵树?”“姐,你看叶子上的露水多么晶莹剔透!”
姐姐抬起头望着远方,紧锁着眉,惭愧地说道:“我想,那是它的眼泪。”
不!眼泪是悲观者的饰物,这是上天给执著者颁发的勋章。
不能辜负上天的恩赐,要让自己长成一棵最高大,果实最多的酸枣树……
精彩赏析
本文构思很新颖,作者从一粒种子的角度来写,写一粒种子从被甩了出去开始,第一个信念是“活下去”,于是它长出了小芽,当被人们误认为是野草时,第二个信念是“活下去,并且要活得精彩。”终于身体一天天强壮,最后长成一颗大树。文章叙述很细腻。把一种成长的过程很形象地描写出来,种子的心理就是人的心理。故事生动地阐释了信念的作用和力量。
精神苦旅
马冬丽
寻找古老华夏文明的源头,虽然不知是《诗经》还是《楚辞》,但早已经载满了希望,背负着沉甸甸的理想,之后便开始了这段精神苦旅。
临江自哀
开始出发了,踏着弥漫的金色余辉,在汨罗江畔驻足,开始寻梦,寻得那位衣襟随风而飘,吟咏着“亦余心之所善兮,虽九死其犹未悔”的古人。屈原,为理想而献身的智者,不知你是否听到了我这穿越时空的呼唤?我的心,我的思绪已将过去的记忆燃烧,化成了斑斑的泪痕。
临江而思,我感到了精神的芬芳从稀薄的余辉中透出了照人的光芒。沐浴这份圣洁,感受这份苦涩的灵气。
登楼忆古
游迹天涯,在巴丘山下凝望古老而奢华的岳阳楼,它依然在风尘之中演绎风情。登临这千古名胜,踏足于这充满政治色彩的文化古迹,并没有想像之中的人悠悠情悠悠,反而有一种莫名的忧郁,为“朝晖夕阴,气象万千”,为风清月明,水光接天而郁郁寡欢。目送着远方的落日,“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”的政治情怀又增添了几许丰富的内涵。
登楼忆古,当年的范仲淹因政治抱负不得施展而满腹愁怨。而今,我在揽物之时无意中走到了他高洁的心灵,遥远的崇高精神所赋予的心境。
凭栏静思
带着丝丝凝重依然前行,在古栏边逗留。“落日楼头,断鸿声里,江南游子,把吴钩看了,栏杆拍遍。”这就是辛弃疾的拍栏之处吧。古栏在晚风中肃立,无声亦无言,离我的目光千年之久。可曾想辛公的爱国志、报国情难以释怀的苦衷。抚摸这曾被拍遍的栏杆,一种历史的责任感油然而生,愿重返唐宋盛世,?(wèn,擦)英雄之泪。
凭栏而思,寻找古人旧事,故国千里春秋,逝去的岁月找不到尽头,惟天边的落水随风而去。放声高歌,让充盈着精神内涵的血液澎湃全身。
殊不知,漫漫精神之旅源于多少文人墨客的辛酸历程;涩涩的旅行,就像走入精神的炼狱;苦涩之中,我的精神得以升华,从此,带着他们照耀千古的不朽精神奋然前行。
精彩赏析
本文采用联想与想像的方法,为自己虚拟了一个“精神”旅游的线索,将我国历史上三位著名的爱国文人的故事巧妙地串联在一起,并赋予一定的精神内涵。这三位著名的爱国文人,均属于文采横溢,理想高洁,爱国情感浓郁,而理想却不得施展的“落魄”之人,但他们都能坚守自己的信念和理想,“处江湖之远而忧其君”,这种“虽遭阴谋密计”却对国家对人民忠心耿耿的执著精神,千载而下,世世代代为世人推崇和敬仰。作者如从此构思行文,使得全文中心突出,线索明晰,情感浓郁而真挚。小标题的运用,在内容上富有极强的概括性,并且使得全文结构明晰而紧凑。全文语言生动形象、富有诗意、极具哲理,耐人寻味。
2009年全国中考语文作文大预测2
6人当中只有一人有手表。于是大家商定,由戴表的人每半小时通报一次。当第一个半小时过去的时候,戴表的矿工轻描淡写地说:“过了半小时了。”但是他的心里却是异常地紧张和焦虑,因为这是在向大家通报死亡线的临近。这时他突然灵机一动,决定不让大家死得那么痛苦。第二个半小时到了,他没有出声,又过了一刻钟,他打起精神说:“一个小时了。”其实时间已经过了75分钟。又过了一个小时,戴表的矿工才第三次通报所谓的“半小时”。同伴们都以为时间只过了90分钟,只有他知道,135分钟已经过去了。
事故发生四个半小时后,救援人员终于进来了,令他们感到惊异的是,6人中竟有5人还活着,只有一个人窒息而死――他就是那个戴表的矿工。
这就是信念的力量。由于幸存者意识模糊,人们无法知道那位牺牲者是何时停止报时的,但他给了同伴求生的希望,自己却因为知道真相而没能坚持到底。
一壶水
一队考古队员在沙漠迷了路,在水源极度缺乏的情况下,队长拿着沉甸甸的最后一壶水说:“现在,我们只剩下一壶水了,要等到最困难时才能喝!”一路上队员好多次渴得晕过去,但是队长都没让大家喝这壶水。最后他们终于走出了沙漠,队员们欣喜若狂,让队长拿出水来祝贺,队长举起水壶,细细的沙子随风飞扬:“这是满满的一壶信念啊!”
珍珠与砂
有一粒砂,见到周围的伙伴钻进蚌的体内后,都变成了珍珠,羡慕不已,于是下决心向它们学习,以证明自己的价值。它请求一只蚌让自己钻进它的贝壳里,梦想着变成一粒美丽的珍珠。没过多久,砂的周身被蚌分泌出的白色粘液包裹起来,越裹越紧,让它透不过气来。砂想,原来变成珍珠的过程这么痛苦,我再也不要做什么珍珠了。砂终于禁不起痛苦的磨练,被蚌吐回了海底,而它的伙伴们都变成了美丽的珍珠。
珍珠与砂的价值天壤之别,可细想想,它们之间相差的又只是短短的那么一段过程和经历。人又何尝不是如此呢?我们每个人原本都能成为一粒美丽的珍珠,却往往因为种种个性上的弱点和行为上的偏差,失去了应有的光泽和慧质,而仅仅是一粒砂。为什么不现在就除去人性中的弱点,使自己更加完美呢?你也是一颗珍珠,就应该照亮自己的人生。
精彩语段
1. 如果要阐释中国传统的道德观念,我想归根结底在于一个“义”字。“义”又可以分为“大义”和“小义”。为国家为社稷奔走筹划是为大义。在中国古代,文人或隐或仕,都不忘忧国忧民,这就是心怀大义。入仕的,身在庙堂而心忧天下苍生;位卑也不敢忘国忧,即使是流落江湖也依然是“国家兴亡,匹夫有责”。隐逸的,无论是隐于山林或是隐于市,心中也必有忧思。因为如果不是执着于道义而对现实失望的话就不必隐了。名利当然可以抛下,义却不能抛,隐逸就是为了捍卫道义。从范仲淹的“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”到东林党人的事事关心,都表达了一种大仁大义,也表现了中国人传统的家国观念。至于小义,则是讲个人的自我修养历练;讲家庭的和睦,父慈子孝,兄弟友爱,夫妻相敬;讲处世的行止进退得体合礼。这一切都有道德的存在。无论是大义还是小义,它们都属于一种道德规范力量。何为真,何为美,何为善,何为仁义,何为忠孝,这些概念的认知无一不是源于中国传统精神文明中的道德观和价值观。即使天不怕地不怕如李逵,在施耐庵笔下也要当一个乖儿子,畏惧他的“宋江哥哥”。也就是说即使李逵上了梁山,他也必须服从传统的道德精神。而且当朝廷成为了“不义”的一方时,相对的,梁山就成为“义”的代表。
2. 道德是人与人关系的纽带,也是必然存在。它不等同于法律,而是具有很大的弹性空间。道德对人的约束是无形的,多靠人的自觉性、个人修养以及社会舆论监督。
3. 很多道德观念具有悠久的历史,通过长期的思维训练,已成为一种观念上的烙印,世代传承。如基本的饿尊奉父母、爱护幼小,以及其它的伦理道德观。在一个社会中,如果缺少道德的约束力,人类活动就缺乏秩序,陷入混乱,人与人之间关系的凝和剂则显得苍白无力。一旦脱离道德,社会秩序就犹如一匹脱缰的野马,失去控制力,其后果是引发社会动乱。道德的存在保证了社会活动的正常运作,好比人类的生存离不开氧气一样。这是道德存在的价值。
4. 人若能持之以恒,那么天下无事不成。如果没有玄奘的坚持不懈,历经艰难险阻,就没有《大唐西域记》一书的出版;如果没有徐霞客的持之以恒,跋山涉水,就没有《本草纲目》的出现。这也正说明了在我们的人生中,需要有坚持的信念。瞧,那蓝蓝的……
5. 在狭小的盆中,你不甘蜷缩,你把根伸向大地深处,汲取甜美的清泉,你把生的气息呼向宇宙的漩涡,你高昂着头,微笑,你坚信自己会开出最美的花朵。?
一个狂风暴雨的日子,我曾试图把你搬进屋中,然而我却失败了,你的根已从花盆底部伸出,牢牢地抓住了大地母亲的胸脯,你在告诉我:"在母亲身边,这点痛算什么?"不是吗?
你以坚强的信念,冲破了人为的牢笼,以不拔的意志不断地汲取着,你宣誓:要回报给世界以最美好的。?
风雨中的清冷,黑夜里的寂寞,烈日的炙烤和姹紫嫣红的嘲笑,你都经历过;当美丽的蝴蝶飞离的时候,你也曾怅然过,然而,为了自己的宣言,你却坚守着独自的执著。?
当万紫千红不再,当黄叶不再翻飞的时候,你把一年的积蓄全献了出来,清淡高雅,微薄透明的秋的空气中,于是充满了菊的清香,你仍旧微笑着,犹如神话中的白雪公主,犹如出嫁前满脸羞红的新娘,犹如心中那金灿灿的希望在飞翔……?
6. 漫漫人生路,谁没有对自己或亲人在心中暗立誓言?几多艰难困苦,誓言依旧清晰。妹妹那明亮渴求的眼眸,弟弟那稚嫩的肩膀,母亲那渐白的头发以及冽冽北风中破大衣上的丝线在随风飘扬的图景,攫住了我的心。为了我,他们失去了应有的,我为自己的惭弱而惭愧,然而菊告诉我:现在还不到惭愧的时候,为信念必须坚持到最后!
我被警醒了:鼓足勇气,为了心中的信念大步向前进发吧,要把自己索取的变成最美好的奉献。于是,蕴含着菊香的空中传来了海子的歌声:?
走在路上,放声歌唱,?
大风刮过山岗,?
前面是无边的天空……?
这菊香与歌声渗透了我的心底,直到永远。
7. 精神家园好比人的心灵,应该比大地、海洋和天空都更为博大,宰相肚里能撑船,也让我们敬仰有余。人的心灵活动,应该是一颗博大的心胸,才盛得下生活中的喜怒哀乐,输得出力量,才能克服看人毛病易,看己毛病难;有知人之明已属不易,有自知之明则更是难上加难。而人们想要追求的精神,也正是想要重新找回自已的渴望精神,渴望激情,哪怕它会带来伤痛;人们不喜欢自己的精神像死水般平静,无涟漪层层,碧荷袅香,叶上初阳干宿雨,水面清圆,无风碧荷举的盎然春景;亦无鱼儿戏莲间,燕子斜飞轻风微雨的缠绵春意。
重庆市万州二中2009届高三3月月考
理综试卷
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。满分300分。考试时间150分钟
相对原子质量(原子量): O:16 Al:27 Si:28 Cl:35.5 N:14 H:1
第I卷(选择题 126分)
选择题(本大题共21小题,每题6分,共126分,每题只有一个答案正确)
1.下图表示人体内某些淋巴细胞的分化和某种免疫过程,数字表示过程,字母表示细胞或物质。下列叙述错误的是
A.由造血干细胞形成的a、b、c细胞内蛋白质的种类有所不同
B.①②③过程都需要细胞膜上糖被的参与
C.①②③④过程属于体液免疫的反应阶段,⑥过程属于效应阶段
D.Y主要在内环境中发挥作用,与Y合成和分泌有关的膜性细胞器有内质网、高尔基体和线粒体
2.某种药用植物合成药物1和药物2的途径如下图所示:基因A和基因b分别位于两对同源染色体上。下列叙述不正确的是
A.基因型是AAbb或Aabb的植株能同时合成两种药物
B.若某植株只能合成一种药物,则必定是药物1
C.基因型为AaBb的植株自交,后代有9种基因型和4种表现型
D.基因型为AaBb的植株自交,后代中能合成药物2的个体占3/16
3.对下图中甲~丁图的描述中,正确的是
A.图甲是生活在适宜环境中的C3,植物光合作用部分过程图解,A、B、C表示化合物,a、b表示生理过程,则c能为b过程提供还原剂,但不能提供能量
B.图乙曲线表示水稻叶片光合作用的强度。如果该图表示甘蔗叶片的光合作用强度,则a点应向右侧移动
C.图丙中,b点限制光合作用强度的外部因素主要是光照强度,如果A、B曲线分别代表人参和小麦两种植物的光合作用强度,那么曲线B应代表小麦
D.图丁表示用相同培养液在相同光下分别培养小球藻,则装置a的试管中小球藻繁殖速度加快、而装置b的试管中小球藻繁殖速度要减慢
4.血糖的平衡对于保证高等动物体内各种组织和器官的能量供应有着非常重要的意义。下图表示某高等动物体内血糖平衡的调节示意图(图中甲、乙、丙表示结构:①、②、③表示激素;“(+)表示促进作用”,“(―)表示抑制作用”)。下列说法中,不正确的是
A.结构甲是胰岛B细胞,结构乙是胰岛A细胞,结
构丙是肾上腺
B.结构乙增加分泌激素②会抑制结构甲分泌激素①
C.结构丙分泌的激素③和结构乙分泌的激素②在调
节血糖浓度方面是协同作用
D.血糖平衡的调节方式包括激素调节和神经调节
5.将大肠杆菌接种到适宜的细菌培养基上,加盖后,以不同的方式处理,并放置在不同的温度环境中,培养24小时后,观察所得结果列表如下。根据实验结果所作出的下列判断中,错误的是
编号
a
b
c
d
e
f
处理方法
接种大肠杆菌
接种大肠杆菌,并覆一吸有抗生素X的圆纸片
接种大肠杆菌,并覆一吸有抗生素Y的圆纸片
接种大肠杆菌,表面全被醋覆盖
接种大肠杆菌
无接
种菌
温度
观察结果
全表面呈浑浊
纸片周围呈现一片清晰区,其余表面呈浑浊
全表面呈浑浊
全表面
清晰
全表面清晰
全表面清晰
A.编号a和f比较可知,有大肠杆菌培养基的表面会变浑浊
B.根据编号b和c的观察结果,可知抗生素Y比抗生素X的杀菌能力强
C.将编号e和a的结果比较可知,
D.若揭开编号f的盖子,24小时后可观察到培养基表面会出现浑浊
6.以下性质的比较中正确的是( )
A.分子的稳定性:H2O >H2S> HCl B.微粒半径:O2-<F-<Na+<Li+
C.单质熔点:Li>Na>K>Rb D.酸性:HF>HCl>HBr>HI
7.用NA代表阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法中正确的是( )
A.
B.标况下,
C.用V2O5作催化剂,在密闭容器中加热lmol Q2和2mol SO2可生成2NA个SO3分子
D.
8.实验是研究化学的基础,下图中所示的实验方法、装置或操作完全正确的是( )
9.下列离子方程式书写正确的是( )
A.在标准状况下,
CO2 + 2 OH- = CO32- + H2O
B.尼泊金酸()与碳酸氢钠溶液反应:
+2HCO3-→+2CO2↑+2H2O
C.电解饱和硫酸钠溶液时的阴极反应:2H++2e-=H2↑
D.向漂白粉溶液中通入SO2气体:Ca2++2ClO-+SO2+H2O=CaSO3↓+2HClO
c(OH-)=c(NH+4)
B.10mL 0.02mol?L-1HCl溶液与10mL 0.02mol?L-1Ba(OH)2溶液充分混合,若混合后溶液的体积为20ml,则溶液的pH=7
C.在0.1mol?L-1CH3COONa溶液中,c(OH-)=c(CH3COOH)+c(H+)
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