盐城市2008／2009学年度高三年级第一次调研考试
英语试题
第I卷(三部分，共85分)
第一部分：听力(共两节,满分20分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a shop. B. In an office. C. In a restaurant.
2. How much should the woman pay for the car?
A. 200 dollars. B. 230 dollars. C. 240 dollars.
3. What are they talking about?
A. About patient. B. About patent. C. About parent.
4. What time is it now'?
A. 6:15. B. 6:45. C. 7:15.
5. What address is the man looking for?
A.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1 分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. Who feels disappointed?
A. Mary. B. Jack. C. Both of them.
7. How did Jack play in the game?
A. He tried his best but he failed. B. He didn't to his best so he failed.
C. He gave up trying so he failed.
8. What does Mary. ask Jack to do?
A. She invites him to go to the playground. B. She invites him to come to her house.
C. She invites him to go to the coffee-house.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. What are the speakers talking about?
A. What New York City is like. B. What the weather in
C. What the people in
10. What does the man think of the winter
in
A, It's perhaps the coldest place in the world.
B. There's lots of sunshine though sometimes it's very cold.
C. It's warm but rains a lot.
11. What makes people fee! most unbearable
while living in
A. It's extremely hot in summer. B. The weather changes quickly and frequently.
C. People there are cold and selfish,
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. What's the woman?
A. A traveler. B. A reporter. C. A governor.
13. How does the man feel about the state of the forest?
A. Nervous. B. Angry. C. Worried.
14. What does the man want from the government?
A. Help and advice. B. Enough money C. Volunteers.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. What will the girl do in winter holiday?
A. She will go and visit the Aswan Dam.
B. She will have to stay at home to study English.
C. She will go to an African country..
16. What do you suppose the boy's sister is?
A. She is a passenger on the plane. B. She is a traveler, too.
C. She may be a steward.
17. What do you think of the girl's feeling?
A. She may be hurt by the boy's pride.
B. She ma5' be feeling sorry for her failure in the exam.
C. She may be uninterested in the boy's travel plan.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What does the speaker compare books to?
A. Close friends. B. Experienced teachers. C. Food for the mind.
19. What does the speaker define a classic as?
A. A book that stays long in print. B. A book that enlarges the experience.
C. A book that lights the fire.
20. Who wrote the book Uncle Tom's Cabin?
A. Harriet Stowe. B. John Quincy. C. Rachel Carson.
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. __________ latest news from
A. The; 不填 B. The; the C. 不填; the D. 不填； 不填
22. -- So far _____________.
-- That's too bad.
A. we received no letter from him B. he won't send us any message
C. nothing from him has been received D. we won't hear from him
23. Doctors say it will be many years ___________ scientists develop an effective treatment for AIDS.
A. when B. since C. before D. as
24. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ___________ , it caused 20 deaths.
A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides
25. -- What will you name your baby?
-- ____________. I haven't decided yet.
A. What B. Whatever C. Which D. Whichever
26. Xiao Lin is invited to attend the evening party, but he ____ , because he has to finish the production report in time.
A. prefers not to B. prefers to not C. prefers not D. does not prefer
27. Her fluency in English gave her an edge _________ other girls when she applied for the job.
A. than B. in C. of D. over
28. What moves us deeply is that the seriously sick woman presents _______ gratitude _______ complaint.
A. more; than B. no more; than C. not more; than D. more than; /
29. -- May I smoke here?
-- If you _______, do it in the smoking section.
A. need B. must C. may D. will
30. Zhaopin.com did a survey of _____ students spent on job hunt and found the expense varied from person to person.
A. how much B. where C. how many D. why
31.
A. taken immediate actions B. had a great impact
C. left a deep impression D. produced lots of pressure
32. In an experiment, pet owners are being encouraged to take their pets to work, a move ________ can be good for both the people and the pets.
A. that some scientists say B. in which some scientists say
C. some scientists say that D. some scientists say
33. -- Jack said the paper was too hard when he was asked why he failed the exam again.
-- Well, _____________.
A. a bad penny always turns up B. a bad workman always blames his tools
C. an early bird catches the worm D. an apple a day keeps the doctor away
34. As parents and teachers, you should allow children the space to _________ their opinions, even if they are different from your own.
A. announce B. sound C. declare D. voice
35. ____________ to go out alone, the retired minister had to go for a walk with several policemen following him.
A. Warning not B. Not warning C. Warned not D. Not warned
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An Italian philosopher once said that a great man makes his own good luck. What he means is that when good luck comes, a great man knows how to seize the opportunity and 36 advantage of it.
There is a story about Bill Gates, the 37 of Microsoft that proves this. One day an executive from a large computer company came to his 38 looking for someone who had 39 a new operating system for computers. He didn't know too much about the inventor or his operating system, and he wasn't 40 sure of the inventor's address. At that time everything in the computer business was so new and so disorganized 41 normal business procedures were almost unknown.
It 42 that the inventor lived in a home next to Gates, but he was not at home when the executive came by. He may have been 43 at a meeting or shopping for new equipment. The executive, 44 no one home, wasn't sure what to do, but he didn't want to waste his trip, so he stopped by Gates' house to ask him if he knew anything about the inventor's system and 45 it worked.
Since Gates was working on very 46 software, most other people in his place would have spoken 47 with the executive, told him that he was working on something else, and then forgotten about the whole thing. Gates, however, saw a(n) 48 and jumped on it. He told the executive that 49 he was working on his own operating system (he wasn't) and he would be 50 to discuss it with the executive in a few weeks.
After the executive 51 to a meeting to be held a few weeks later, Gates quickly went out 52 for someone who had a workable new operating system. As an engineer he had a better idea than the executive about what he needed, and when he found someone with an operating system that he liked, he made modifications(修改) 53 on what the executive told him. His meeting a few weeks later was a great 54 , and Gates' new operating system was sold to the large company and the sale became the foundation of Microsoft. Within two decades Gates was the richest man in the world. He 55 his own luck by seizing an unexpected opportunity.
36. A. take B. make C. use D. give
37. A. discoverer B. founder C. organizer D. speaker
38. A. neighborhood B. home C. office D. company
39. A. worked B. bought C. found D. invented
40. A. certainly B. fairly C. ever D. even
41. A. as B. whose C. that D. which
42. A. found out B. turned out C. turned up D. showed up
43. A. out B. outside C. off D. up
44. A. expecting B. considering C. looking D. seeing
45. A. when B. where C. how D. why
46. A. same B. different C. similar D. exact
47. A. attentively B. carefully C. briefly D. closely
48. A. choice B. possibility C. opportunity D. occasion
49. A. after all B. in fact C. in hand D. in addition
50. A. devoted B. invited C. prepared D. welcomed
51. A. promised B. agreed C. admitted D. approved
52. A. looking B. leaving C. caring D. hoping
53. A. depended B. relied C. based D. fixed
54. A. mistake B. failure C. result D. success
55. A. enjoyed B. made C. took D. missed
第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
John had been on
the road visiting clients for more than three weeks. He couldn't wait to get
back to
He went into the small shop and saw a young man talking to the clerk. "How many roses can I get for six dollars, madam?" the boy asked. The clerk was trying to explain that roses were expensive. Maybe the young man would be happy with carnations.
"No. I have to have roses." He said, "My mom was sick so much last year and I didn't get to spend much time with her. I want to get something special. It has to be red roses, because that's her favorite." He was firm.
The clerk looked up at John and was just shaking her head. Something inside of John was touched by the boy's voice. He wanted to get those roses so badly. John had been blessed in his business, and he looked at the clerk and silently mouthed he would pay for the boy's roses.
The clerk looked at the young man and said, "OK, I will give you a dozen red roses for six dollars." The young man almost jumped into the air. He took the flowers and ran from the store. It was worth the extra thirty-five dollars just to see that kind of excitement.
John ordered his own flowers and had the clerk be sure that delivery would include a note telling his mother how much he loved her. As he drove away from the shop, he was feeling very good. He caught a light about two blocks from the shop. As he waited at the light, he saw the young boy walking down the sidewalk. He watched him cross the street and enter a park through two huge gates. Suddenly he realized it wasn't a park. It was a cemetery(公墓. He could see the young man turn there by gate and walk along the fence.
The light changed, and John slowly crossed the crossing. He pulled over and on an impulse(冲动之下) got out and began to follow the boy down the fence line. John was on the sidewalk, thirty or forty steps behind the boy, who walked inside the cemetery fence. The young man stopped by a small monument and went on his knees. He carefully laid the roses on the tomb and began to sob. John felt like an intruder but he couldn't leave. He stared at the little boy's trembling body and listened to his silent crying.
As he cried, he heard the young man speak, "Mommy, oh Mommy, why didn't I tell you how much I love you? Why didn't I tell you one more time? Jesus, please, find my mommy. Tell my Mommy I love her."
John turned, tears in his eyes, and walked back to his car. He drove quickly to the flower shop and told her he would take the flowers personally. He wanted to be sure and tell his mother one more time just how much he loved her.
56. The young boy actually spent _____ getting the rose flowers.
A. 6 dollars B. 35 dollars C. 41 dollars D. more than 6 dollars
57. The underlined word "carnations" in the second paragraph probably _____________.
A. is a kind of tree B. is a kind of flower
C. means solutions D. is a souvenir
58. From the passage, we can infer _____________.
A. John would drive home in person to see his mother with the flowers
B. John wanted to spend 35 dollars buying the roses for the young boy
C. The young boy would have Jesus find his mommy
D. The young boy would turn back to thank John
59. On the clerk's approval of giving the flowers, the young boy was wild with joy because _________.
A. he knew he wouldn't have got the flowers without John's help
B. the clerk was very kind to help him
C. he was able to show his love to his mother with the flowers
D. he was successful in saving some money
60. The best title for this passage may be __________________.
A. Celebrate Mother's Day B. Buy flowers
C. Deliver the roses D. Tell Mum I love her
An Iraqi reporter called President George W. Bush a
"dog" and threw his shoes at him on Sunday, staining a farewell
visit to
A new United Nations report says nearly two million children die
each year because they have no access to clean water. The 2006 Human
Development Report, released Thursday in
The report's leading author, Kevin Watkins, said that the reason behind the water crisis is not a shortage of water, but a lack of will On the part of governments to provide water to people: The report calls on the international community to do more to help solve the problem by doubling annual contributions for water and cleanness.
Indian police say they have found four bombs on a train in the
eastern city of
The U.S. Navy is warning ships to stay away from the coast of
61. From the news above, we can say that the United Nations wants _____________ .
A. to launch a war against
B. to call for more
international contributions for water and cleanness in
C. to take actions to assure
the security in
D. Bush not to visit
62. But for the careful security check, _______________ might have happened.
A. a bomb explosion on a
train in
B. two million children's death
C. the Somalian pirates' rampant piracy
D. the Iraqi reporter's behavior of throwing shoes at Bush
63. Which of the following is NOT the fact, according to the news?
A. Nearly 2 million children die because of the shortage of clean water.
B. All the organizations haven't claimed responsibility for the explosive devices on an Indian train.
C. An Iraqi reporter considered George W. Bush a "dog".
D. The U.S. Navy is aimed to help keep the passing ships in that area in safety.
Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.
Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication, and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the main factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the extreme growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission(传输) and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed(失去优势) by international news.
No longer is the possession of information confined(局限于) to a privileged minority. In the last century, the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into millions of homes.
Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modern communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.
Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modern network of communication is open to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.
64. In the first paragraph the writer stresses the ________ of face-to-face contact in social setting.
A. performance B. usefulness C. limitation D. means
65. It is implied in the passage that ____________.
A. local news used to be the only source of information
B. local news still takes a significant place
C. national news is becoming more popular
D. international news is the fastest transmitted news
66. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. To possess information used to be privileged.
B. Public libraries have replaced private libraries.
C. Communication means more than transmission.
D. Information influences ways of life and thinking.
A moment later I heard my uncle calling me, and found the two men on the road together. The captain then addressed me as if I was his equal, which was very pleasing to a young fellow like me.
"Sir," said he, "Mr. Balfour tells me great things of you, and I like your looks. I wish I was staying here longer so that we might become friends. But we'll make the most of the short time that we have. You must come on board my brig(双桅船) for half an hour and have a drink with me."
Now, I cannot describe how eager 1 was to see the inside of a ship. But I was not going to put myself in danger, and I told him my uncle and I had an appointment with a lawyer.
"Yes," said he, "he told me of that. But, you see, the boat will set you on shore farther along, near Rankeillor's house." And here he suddenly leaned down and whispered in my ear: "Take care; the old devil(恶魔) has evil plans. Come on board till I can have a Word with you."
Then, passing
his arm through mine, he continued aloud, as he set off towards his boat:
"Now what can I bring you from
By this time we were beside his boat and he was helping me in. I did not dream of refusing. I thought (like a fool) that 1 had found a friend and helper, and I was looking forward to seeing the ship. As soon as we were all in our places the boat was pushed off and began to move over the water. I was so delighted with this new experience that I hardly understood what the captain said, and must have answered him without thinking.
As soon as we were alongside, Hoseason ordered a rope and chair to be sent down, declaring that he and I must be the first to go on board. I was lifted into the air and set down again on the deck(甲板), where the captain stood waiting for me and immediately slipped his arm under mine. I stood there, rather confused and perhaps a little afraid, but delighted with the strange things all around me, while the captain pointed out some of the strangest and told me their names and uses.
And then I saw that my uncle was not with us.
I felt I was lost. With all my strength, I tore myself out of the captain's grasp and ran to the side of the ship. Yes, there was the ship being rowed back to the shore, with my uncle sitting in it. I gave a wild cry-so loud that it rang out over the harbor, and my uncle turned around and showed me a face full of cruelty and terror.
That was the last thing I saw. Already strong hands had been pulling me back fromthe ship's side, and now lightning seemed to strike me. I saw a great flash of fire, and fell unconscious.
67. This passage is most probably taken from _________.
A. a voyage magazine B. a literature novel
C. a science fiction D. a newspaper report
68. Rankeillor, in the fourth paragraph, is perhaps ___________.
A. a lawyer B. a devil C. a captain D. a house
69. After reading the last two paragraphs, we can see that _________ .
A. the author's uncle had an ugly face
B. the author fell unconscious because of the flash of lightning
C. the uncle most probably had participated in the evil plan
D. the author got wild and mad in the end
70. From the whole passage, we can know that ______ .
A. the author was actually kidnapped(绑架)
B. the author finally found a friend and helper
C. the author was very eager and pleased to get on board the ship
D. the author's uncle was terribly unwilling to leave him behind
第Ⅱ卷(共35分)
第一节 任务型阅读(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
A record 2.3 billion passenger trips will be taken in China during the upcoming Lunar New Year period, the country% most important holiday, Chinese media said on Thursday.
A record 188 million people will take to the nation's railway system, 2 billion road trips will be taken and 24 million will take holiday-related flights in January and February, the China Daily said, in what is the world's biggest annual migration.
The yearly migration is marked by chaotic scenes as masses of Chinese desperate to return home overcrowded the nation's transport system, AFP said.
The official Chinese New Year holiday for 2009 falls on January 26, earlier than most years .
However, the travel rush usually begins up to two weeks before that, and will last 40 days beginning from Jan 11 to Feb 19.
Earlier this year, the chaos was dramatically mixed with unusually serious winter ice storms that spread suffering across a huge land of the country just as the migration was getting under way.
Citing(引述) the government's main economic planning agency, the China Daily said 2009 could see more chaos as this Chinese New Year follows closely after the Western New Year on January 1. Many college students and other people typically travel just before or after the Western New Year and the upcoming holidays could see both migrations overcrowding the transport system at the same time, it said.
People's Daily Online launched an online survey titled "What problem are you most concerned about for the upcoming 2009 Spring Festival railway transport peak season?" on December 9. By 8:00 pm that day, a total of 17,496 netizens had participated in the survey, and. 14,403 of them chose "buying train tickets is difficult, it is almost impossible to get one," accounting for 82.3% of the total number of participants.
The National Development and Reform Commission also warned local governments to take steps to cope with the expected crush, particularly in coastal manufacturing regions.
According to the China Daily, the weather forecast during the Spring Festival is that most of the country will experience normal temperatures for that time of year, but heavy snows were expected in some regions.
Extension of the season
It begins from Jan. 11 and ends on Feb. 19, (71) ▲ 40 days.
Reasons for the peak season
The upcoming 2009 Spring Festival transportation peak season of China is also regarded as the world's biggest (72) ▲ migration, because this Chinese traditional New Year comes soon after the (73) ▲ New Year, and migrations of many college students and other people will swamp the transport system at the same time.
Transportation
(74) ▲
188 million people will go on their trips by (75) ▲ , though it is not (76) ▲ to get train tickets, as netizens surveyed thought; 2 billion will take buses or cars; and 24 million will (77) ▲ home or for their holidays.
(78) ▲
Earlier this year, the unusual winter ice storm (79). ▲ large areas of the country, causing the migration to be badly held up.
information
This Spring Festival transportation peak season will see normal temperatures, in (80) ▲ of heavy snows in some regions.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是学生李明，你的一位英国朋友罗伊(Roy)听说中国大陆和台湾已经实行两岸直航，便向你了解情况。请根据列表内容用英语给Roy回信。
过去
现在
概 况
60年前台湾切断两岸正常通航；2008年7月启动周末包机。
每日通航，月航班数达60个以上；启动直航第一周，两岸有12家航空公司申请了101个航班，为4个台湾城市和12个大陆城市提供服务。
航 线
客航向南绕行香港；货轮向北绕行日本冲绳岛。
从台北等城市可以直航大陆的上海等10多个城市。
优 劣
用时长，成本高。
用时短，成本低。
你对直航
的评价
要求：1、要点全面，语句连贯；
2、词数150个词左右，信的开头和结尾已给，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：周末包机weekend charter flights，货轮cargo ships，冲绳岛island of Okinawa
Dear Roy,
I'm very glad to
receive your letter, and I feel it a great honor to introduce briefly to you
something about the direct flights between the Chinese mainland and
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________That's what I can tell you at present. Maybe I'll have some more information for you not long time later.
Yours, Ming
盐城市2008―2009学年度高三年级第一次调研考试
江苏省盐城市2009届高三上学期第一次调研考试
生 物 试 题
注意事项：
1.本试题包括第Ⅰ卷选择题和第Ⅱ卷非选择题两部分。满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、姓名、班级、考试号等填涂在答题卡的规定处。
3.答第Ⅰ卷时，在答题卡的对应题号后，将正确答案的字母涂黑；答第Ⅱ卷时，答案要答在答题卡的对应题号后的空白处。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共55分）
.盐城市2008／2009学年度高三年级第一次调研考试
化学试题
第 Ⅰ卷 (选择题共48分)
可能用到的相对原子质量：H
重要有机物的实验室制法
教学目标
知识技能：掌握重要有机物的实验室制法和工业制法。
能力培养：培养学生认真审题、析题、快速解题的能力；培养学生自学能力、思维能力，以及概括总结和语言表述能力。
科学思想：通过复习培养学生运用辩证唯物主义观点对化学现象和化学本质辩证认识。
科学品质：激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生严谨求实、独立思考的科学态度。
科学方法：培养学生科学抽象、概括整理、归纳总结、准确系统地掌握知识规律的方法。
重点、难点
重点：掌握重要有机物的实验室制法。
难点：激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生严谨求实的优良品质，使学生感悟到科学的魅力。
教学过程设计
教师活动
【引入】这节课我们复习有机实验，这部分内容需要大家掌握重要有机物的实验室制法。
【板书】重要有机物的实验室制法
【投影】
例1（1997年全国高考题）1，2-二溴乙烷可作汽油抗爆剂的添加剂，常温下它是无色液体，密度2.18g?cm-3，沸点131.4℃，熔点9.79℃，不溶于水，易溶于醇、醚、丙酮等有机溶剂。在实验室中可以用图4-3所示装置制备1，2-二溴乙烷。其中分液漏斗和烧瓶a中装有乙醇和浓硫酸的混合液，试管d中装有液溴（表面覆盖少量水）。
填写下列空白：
（1）写出本题中制备1，2-二溴乙烷的两个化学反应方程式______。
（2）安全瓶b可以防止倒吸，并可以检查实验进行时试管d是否发生堵塞，请写出发生堵塞时瓶b中的现象______。
（3）容器c中NaOH溶液的作用是______。
学生活动
回忆有机实验的有关内容，明确任务，做好知识准备，并记录笔记。
阅读、思考、讨论。学生进行分析：
制1，2-二溴乙烷需用乙烯和溴的加成。通过观察实验装置，可知a是制乙烯装置，b是安全瓶防止液体倒吸。锥形瓶的水中插有一直玻璃管，主要作用是检查试管d是否堵塞。当d堵塞时，气体不畅通，则在b中气体产生的压强将水压入直玻璃管中，甚至溢出玻璃管。c中盛氢氧化钠液，其作用是洗涤乙烯；除去其中含有的杂质（CO2、SO2等）。乙烯在d中反应，最后一个锥形瓶的作用是吸收Br2（气），防止空气污染。
解答：（1）CH3CH2OHCH 
=CH2↑+H2O
CH2=CH2+Br2→CH2BrCH2Br
（2）b中水面会下降、玻璃管中的水柱会上升，甚至溢出。
（3）除去乙烯中带有的酸性气体或答除去CO2和SO2。
（4）某学生在做此实验时，使用一定量的液溴，当溴全部褪色时，所消耗乙醇和浓硫酸混合液的量，比正常情况下超过许多。如果装置的气密性没有问题，试分析其可能的原因_____。
【组织讨论】请分组讨论，认真分析并做答。
（4）原因：①乙烯发生（或通过液溴）速率过快；②实验过程中，乙醇和浓硫酸的混合液没有迅速达到170℃（答“控温不当”亦可）。
【讲评】此题第（1）问多数同学能答对，而后三问有很多同学答错或答的不够准确，原因在哪儿呢？
思考、分析并回答：
（1）对b装置的功能理解不透，而导致失分；
（2）对乙醇和浓硫酸混合液加热反应过程中溶液颜色由无色到棕色最后到黑色的原因不清楚；
（3）题中第（4）问要求考生有一定的分析评价能力，学生往往理解不了，而感到无从入手，从而导致失分。
倾听，坚定信心。
【讲评】由大家的分析我们可看出高考题离我们并不遥远，难度也并不是深不可测，只要我们基本功扎实，具有一定的分析问题、解决问题的能力，就一定会在高考中取得好成绩。此题考查了乙烯的实验室制法，除此之外，还要求大家掌握甲烷、乙炔的实验室制法。
【板书】（一）气态物质：CH4 C2H4 C2H2
【投影】CH4、C2H4、C2H2的实验室制法比较
回忆、查阅、填表、记笔记
【讲述】请大家再次看例1，重新体会一下高考题确实离不开课本上的基础知识。另外，从整体上看，大家对气体的制备、除杂、验证及有毒气体的吸收能分析清楚，而对实验操作过程中的安全问题根本想不到或思考不到位。通常设计化学实验时，为了保证操作人员的安全，保障实验如期顺利进行，往往要设置安全装置；一般在涉及气体的实验中最为常见，请大家看投影上九个装置，涉及到的安全问题有哪些？
【投影】
讨论、分析并回答：涉及到的安全问题有：防倒吸、防堵塞、防爆炸、防污染等安全问题。
【提问】上述九种装置哪些是防倒吸安全装置？哪些是防堵塞安全装置？哪些是防爆炸安全装置？哪些是防污染安全装置？请大家对号入座。
观察、思考、讨论，得出结论：
（1）防倒吸安全装置
①隔离式（图①）原理是导气管末端不插入液体中，导气管与液体呈隔离状态。制取溴苯的实验中设置这一装置吸收HBr。
②倒置漏斗式（图②）原理是由于漏斗容积较大，当水进入漏斗内时，烧杯中液面显著下降而低于漏斗口，液体又流落到烧杯中。制取HCl气体的实验中设置这一装置吸收HCl尾气，1993年高考实验试题设置这一装置吸收HBr尾气。
③接收式（图③）原理是使用较大容积的容器将可能倒吸来的液体接收，防止进入前端装置（气体发生装置等）。1996年高考实验试题设置这一装置接收可能倒吸的水，防止进入灼热的硬质试管中。
（2）防堵塞安全装置
④液封式（图④）原理是流动的气体若在前方受阻，锥形瓶内液面下降，玻璃管中水柱上升。1997年高考实验试题中设置了这一装置，该装置除了检查堵塞之外，还可防止倒吸。
⑤恒压式（图⑤）原理是使分液漏斗与烧瓶内气压相同，保证漏斗中液体顺利流出。1995年上海高考实验试题设置了这一装置。
（3）防爆炸安全装置
⑥散热式（图⑥）原理是由于内塞金属丝能吸收分散热量，使回火不能进入前端贮气或气体发生装置。
（4）防污染安全装置
⑦灼烧式（图⑦）原理是有毒可燃性气体（CO）被灼烧除去。
⑧吸收式（图⑧）原理是有毒气体如Cl2、SO2、H2S等与碱反应被除去。
⑨收集式（图⑨）原理是用气球将有害气体收集起来，另作处理。
【板书】（二）液态物质：硝基苯 溴苯 乙酸乙酯
【讲述】曾经在1995年高考中考查了硝基苯的实验室制法，请大家看投影。
【投影】
例2 实验室制备硝基苯的主要步骤如下：①配制一定比例的浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合液，加入反应器中。②向室温下的混合酸中逐滴加入一定量的苯，充分振荡，混合均匀。③在50～60℃下发生反应，直至反应结束。④除去混合酸后，粗产品依次用蒸馏水和5％NaOH溶液洗涤，最后再用蒸馏水洗涤。⑤将用无水CaCl2干燥后的粗硝基苯进行蒸馏，得到纯硝基苯。
填写下列空白：
（1）配制一定比例浓硫酸与浓硝酸混合酸时，操作注意事项是__________。
（2）步骤③中，为了使反应在50～60℃下进行，常用的方法是__________。
（3）步骤④中，洗涤、分离粗硝基苯应使用的仪器是_______________。
（4）步骤④中粗产品用质量分数为5％NaOH溶液洗涤的目的是___________。
（5）纯硝基苯无色，密度比水______（填大或小），具有__________气味的液体。
【组织讨论】请分组讨论，认真分析，派代表回答。
记录笔记。
阅读、思考、讨论并分析回答：
本题涉及浓硫酸的稀释应将浓硫酸向水中注入，由于稀释过程中放热，应及时搅拌冷却；控温在100℃下时，应采用水浴加热；分离两种互不相溶的液体，应使用分液漏斗分液；产品的提纯应根据其杂质的性质采取适当的方法。
答案：
（1）先将浓硝酸注入容器中，再慢慢注入浓硫酸，并及时搅拌和冷却；
（2）将反应器放在50～60℃的水浴中加热；
（3）分液漏斗；
（4）除去粗产品中残留的酸；
（5）大，苦杏仁。
【讲述】对学生的分析进行表扬和鼓励。本题通过硝基苯的制取，考查了实验的基本操作技能和常用仪器的使用，希望学生在复习过程中要重视化学基础知识和基本技能的训练。
【投影】硝基苯、溴苯、乙酸乙酯的实验室制法比较，请同学们根据记忆及查阅课本，完成此表。
倾听。
回忆、查阅、填表、记笔记。
【投影】
例3 已知乙醇可以和氯化钙反应生成
微溶于水的CaCl2?6C2H5OH。有关的有机试剂的沸点如下：CH3COOC2H5 77.1℃；C2H5OH 78.3℃；C2H5OC2H5 34.5℃；CH3COOH 118℃。
实验室合成乙酸乙酯粗产品的步骤如下：
在蒸馏烧瓶内将过量的乙醇与少量浓硫酸混合，然后经分液漏斗边滴加醋酸边加热蒸馏，得到含有乙醇、乙醚和水的乙酸乙酯粗产品。
（1）反应加入的乙醇是过量的，其目的是：_____________________________。
（2）边滴加醋酸，边加热蒸馏的目的是：_________________________________。
将粗产品再经下列步骤精制。
（3）为除去其中的醋酸，可向产品中加入（填字母）
（ ）
（A）无水乙醇；（B）碳酸钠；（C）无水醋酸钠
（4）再向其中加入饱和氯化钙溶液，振荡、分离，其目的是：_______________。
（5）然后再向其中加入无水硫酸钠，振荡，其目的是：_________________。
最后，将经过上述处理后的液体倒入另一干燥的蒸馏瓶内，再蒸馏，弃去低沸点馏分，收集沸程76～78℃之间的馏分即得。
【组织讨论】请分组讨论，认真分析，派代表回答。
阅读、思考、抢答，讨论分析：
根据题意可知合成乙酸乙酯；同时还要精制乙酸乙酯。首先考虑有机物的合成是可逆反应，需采取什么措施使合成酯的平衡向右方向进行。根据平衡原理，增加反应物浓度或减少生成物的浓度使平衡向右方向移动。另外根据各物质的特殊性质，通过化学反应，除去杂质，而增加乙酸乙酯的产率。由此可得到正确结论：
（1）加过量乙醇：即是增加一种反应物，有利于酯化反应向正反应方向进行。
（2）边加热蒸馏的目的：因为乙酸乙酯的沸点低于乙醇和乙酸，蒸出生成物，有利于酯化反应平衡向正方向进行。
（3）为除去醋酸，应加入（B）碳酸钠粉末。
（4）再加入氯化钙的目的是：除去粗产品中的乙醇。（因为能生成CaCl2?6C2H5OH）
（5）然后再加无水硫酸钠的目的是：除去粗产品中的水。（因为能生成Na2SO4?10H2O
【板书】（三）固态物质：酚醛树脂
【投影】
例4 实验室用下图所示装置制取酚醛树脂。制备时，应先在大试管中加入规定量的__________，再加入一定量的_____________作催化剂，然后把试管放在沸水中加热。待反应不再剧烈进行时，应继续一段时间，做完实验应及时清洗_____________，若不易清洗，可加入少量______________浸泡几分钟，再进行清洗。生成的树脂是_____________态物质，呈______________色，试管上方单孔塞连线的长导管的作用是______________________，反应的化学方程式为_______________________。
【提问】请一名学生回答前几问，另请一名学生板演化学方程式。
阅读、思考、讨论并回答。
答案：苯酚和甲醛溶液；浓盐酸；加热；试管；酒精；粘稠液；褐；导气、冷凝。
【投影】
例5（1998年全国高考题）A～D是中学化学实验中常见的几种温度计装置示意图。
（1）请从①～⑧中选出必须使用温度计的实验，把编号填入最适宜的装置图A～C的空格中。
①酒清和浓硫酸混合加热制乙烯
②电石跟水反应制乙炔
③分离苯和硝基苯的混合物
④苯和溴的取代反应
⑤石油的分馏实验
⑥浓盐酸和二氧化锰混合加热制氯气
⑦测定硝酸钾在水中溶解度
⑧食盐和浓硫酸混合加热制氯化氢
阅读、思考。
（2）选用装置D做苯的硝化实验，D中长玻璃管的作用是_______________。
【提问】通常，温度计在实验中有哪些功能呢？
请分组讨论，认真分析并派代表回答本题各问。
思考、讨论并归纳：
（1）测水浴温度，如制硝基苯；
（2）测反应液体温度，如制乙烯；
（3）测物质的溶解度，如测硝酸钾等；
（4）用于沸点不同，互溶且相互不发生化学反应的液体混合物的分离，如石油的分馏。
首先要明确哪些实验必须使用温度计，其次对所需温度计的实验进一步明确温度计水银球所放的位置，对D中长玻璃导管作用，要把熟悉的制溴苯、乙酸乙酯的实验进行联想，完成迁移。
答案：（1）A① B③⑤ C⑦
（2）减少苯的挥发（或答起冷凝器的作用）。
精选题
重要金属化合物的性质
教学目标
知识技能：进行归纳、整理中学重要金属元素的氧化物、氢氧化物的性质规律。
能力培养：培养学生对化学知识的归纳、整理的学习能力，能在对比的情景下进行化学知识的“逻辑的记忆”和“理解的掌握”，并逐步提高解决化学问题的能力。
科学思想：培养学生树立“结构决定性质”的意识和实事求是的分析态度。
科学方法：通过问题的讨论和分析，引导学生理解问题解决式和启发讨论学习方法。
重点、难点
重点：总结比较常见金属氧化物，氢氧化物的性质规律和应用。
难点：常见金属的化合物中氧化性，还原性反应的规律和应用。
教学方法：启发、讨论、对比、归纳。
教学过程设计
教师活动
【板书】一、金属的氧化物
【提问】请同学写出下列元素对应氧化物的化学式和色态。
（老师巡视，指点答疑，并指导学生整理笔记）
学生活动
学生思考，填写在笔记里。
元素
白色固体：Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、ZnO
淡黄色粉末：Na2O
红色固体：Fe2O3、Cu2O、HgO
黑色粉末：FeO、Fe3O4、CuO、Ag2O
【提问】请同学们分析一下这些金属氧化物的化学性质有何规
律？可从下面几点去考虑：
（1）加热是否分解
（2）与水反应
（3）与强酸（H+）反应
（4）与强碱（OH-）反应
（5）与氨水反应
（6）与H2或CO反应
并写出相应反应的化学方程式。
学生讨论、分析、整理笔记。
（1）热稳定性
2Ag2O
4Ag+O2↑ 2HgO 2Hg+O2↑
4Cu
2Cu2O+O2↑
规律：只有HgO、Ag2O、CuO等不活泼的金属氧化物加热易分解。
（2）与水反应
Na2O+H2O=2NaOH MgO+H2O Mg（OH）2
2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑
规律：只有活泼金属（ⅠA、ⅡA）氧化物能与水反应。
（3）与酸反应
MgO+2H+=Mg2++H2O
Al2O3+6H+=2Al3++3H2O
CuO+2H+=Cu2++H2O
规律：碱性氧化物或两性氧化物能与酸溶液反应生成盐和水。
（4）与强碱溶液反应
Al2O3+2OH-=2AlO2-+H2O
ZnO+2OH-=ZnO22-+H2O
规律：只有两性氧化物能与强碱反应生成盐和水。
（5）与氨水反应
Ag2O+4NH3?H2O=2Ag（NH3）2++2OH-+3H2O
ZnO+4NH3? H2O=Zn（NH3）42++2OH-+3H2O
规律：易形成氨合离子的金属氧化物能与氨水反应。
（6）与还原剂的反应
CuO+H2
Cu+H2O
Fe2O3+3CO
2Fe+3CO2
ZnO+C
Zn+CO↑
规律：“Al”以后的金属的氧化物能与H2、C、CO等还原剂高温下发生氧化还原反应。
【小结】金属氧化物所发生的这些反应，总结起来，主要是金属氧
化物的下列性质：
①碱性氧化物
②两性氧化物
③热稳定性
④络离子的形成
⑤氧化性
其中要注意的是：
Na2O2是由Na+和O22-构
成的过氧化物。
Fe3O4可以看是FeO?Fe2O3
原子结构 元素周期律和周期表
教学目标
知识技能：掌握原子结构的知识，元素周期律的内容以及周期表的结构；理解原子结构与元素周期律和周期表（即位―构―性）之间的内在联系。
能力培养：通过例题培养学生运用位一构一性三者之间的联系规律解决实际问题的能力。通过原子结构和元素在周期表中的位置的推断，培养学生发散思维和收敛思维的能力。
科学思想：通过习题训练，使学生领悟事物是普遍联系的和量变引起质变的辩证法思想；学习用科学的方法和逻辑推理去挖掘物质之间的内在联系。
科学品质：通过例题中信息的学习，激励学生形成严谨求实的科学态度和勇于创新，追求真理的科学精神。
科学方法：通过推断题的分析与解答，学会运用位―构―性三者之间的规律解决实际问题的推理方法。
重点、难点位―构―性三者之间的规律及其应用。
教学过程设计
教师活动
【板书】一、原子结构
1．原子的组成
【提问】请说明原子的组成。
学生活动
回答原子结构的知识要点：
（2）原子序数=核电荷数=质子数=核外电子数。
（3）质量数A=Z+N，是原子量的近似值。
在学生回忆的基础上予以补充
【板书】2．原子核
（1）所含质子数______；中子数______；
电子数______；质量数______。
（2）该微粒的结构示意图
思考并回答问题：
（1）所含质子数17；中子数18；电子数18；质量数35。
（2）该微粒的结构示意图 
（5）已知Cl元素的原子量为35.5，可知这两种原子在自然界的原子百分组成之比是Cl-35∶Cl-37=3∶1。
这里应明确同位素与核外电子数无关；
并非所有原子核内都有中子。
非金属元素：其阴离子半径＞原子半径
金属元素：其阳离子半径＜原子半径
请认真思考后做出回答。
【提问】比较三种“原子量”之间的差别，并判断下列各式分别表示哪种“原子量”？
①M=m/mc/12；
回答：三种原子量的概念及计算：（略）
①为同位素的原子量；
②为元素的（平均）原子量；
③为元素的近似平均原子量（A为质量数）。
【投影】例2某元素构成的双原子分子有三种，其式量分别为158、160、162。在天然单质中，此三种单质的物质的量之比为1∶1∶1。由此推断以下结论中，正确的是 [ ]
A．此元素有三种同位素
B．其中一种同位素质量数为80
C．其中质量数为79的同位素原子占原子总数的1/2
D．此元素的单质的平均式量为160
【组织讨论】请讨论解题思路并做答。
通过例题引导学生思考与分析：
（1）如何确定该元素同位素原子的种类？
（2）怎样计算其同位素原子的质量数？
（3）怎样计算各种同位素原子的百分比？
（4）如何确定此元素的单质的平均式量？
讨论并回答：
（1）有三种单质，说明该元素只可能有两种同位素原子；若有三种同位素原子，则形成的单质分子就不止三种。设这两种原子分别为aX和bX，则三种单质为：aXaX、aXbX、bXbX。
（2）这两种原子的质量数分别是：158/2=79；162/2=81；而式量为160的是由两种同位素原子共同形成的（79+81=160）。所以，质量数为80的同位素并不存在。
（3）由三种单质的物质的量之比为
1∶1∶1，可求得质量数为79和81的两种同位素原子的个数比为1∶1，即各占50％。
（4）单质的平均式量可由下式求得：
M=158×1/3+160×1/3+162×1/3= 160</PGN0046.TXT/PGN>
【板书】3．原子核外电子的排布
【投影】例3 下列叙述中正确的是 [ ]
A．两种微粒，若核外电子排布完全相同，则其化学性质一定相同；
B．凡单原子形成的离子，一定具有稀有气体元素原子的核外电子排布；
C．两原子，若核外电子排布相同，则一定属于同种元素；
D．不存在两种质子数和电子数均相同的阳离子和阴离子。
请认真思考后做出回答。
引导学生小结有关电子排布的知识。
分析与辨析、回答：
A中的微粒，可以是原子、阳离子和阴离子，如Na+和O2-，都是2、8的电子层结构，但化学性质相差甚远。
B中当H形成H+时，不与任何稀有气体的原子结构相同。
C对于中性原子其质子数=电子数，所以核外电子排布相同时，一定属于同种元素。故，本题C、D正确。
【投影】（1）核外电子排布的四条规律；
（2）短周期元素各个电子层上电子数目之间的数量关系。
（3）最外层电子数与元素化合价的关系；确定元素的最高正价和最低负价（仅非金属元素），且两者绝对值之和等于8（H为2）。
听其他同学发言，积极思考，参与讨论，并给予必要的补充。比如：
半径比较三规律：
非金属元素的原子半径＜其相应的阴离子半径。
金属元素的原子半径＞其相应的阳离子半径。
具有相同电子层结构的阴阳离子，随着元素原子序数的递增，离子半径逐渐减小。
洛阳一高2008―2009学年下期高三年级2月月考
语 文 试 卷
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分。
第I卷（选择题 共30分）
注意事项：
1、答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，将答题卷和答题卡一并交回。