成都市2008~2009学年度上期期末调研考试
高二英语
(考试时间120分钟,满分150分)
注意事项:
1.答A卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号、考试科目用铅笔填写在机读卡上,并用钢笔或圆珠笔将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
2.解答A卷的选择题时,当每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案。A卷选择题答案不能写在试卷纸上。
3.B卷的非选择题答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷纸上。
A卷(115分)
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案勾画在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到机读卡。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. what is the man trying to buy?
A.A suitcase. B.A wheelchair. C.A flight magazine.
2.Where are the speakers going to eat?
A.At home.
B.At a common restaurant.
C.At a vegetarian restaurant.
3.How many things is the man doing at the same time?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.
4.What’s the relationship of the two speakers?
A.Relatives. B.A couple. C.Friends.
5.What was the woman doing before the man arrived?
A.Waiting for the man for dinner.
B.Being caught in a traffic jam.
C.Apologizing for being late.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6至8题。
6.How did Gabby feel when she heard the news?
A.She was amused. B.She was concerned. C.She was amazed.
7.Why did Gabby thank her father?
A.He bought her many cameras.
B.He traveled with her on vacations.
C.He trained her how to take good photos.
8.What is Gabby going to study in university?
A.Photography. B.Chemistry. C.Art.
听下面一段对话,回答第9至11题。
9.Where are the speakers planning to go first next morning?
A.The art museum. B.The Indian restaurant. C.The zoo.
10.Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon?
A.The zoo is only a few blocks from the museum.
B.There are some animals that can be found nowhere else.
C.The man has just enough cash to pay for the zoo tickets.
11.Why does the woman want to go shopping instead?
A.She wants to buy some souvenirs.
B.She knows many goods are on sale.
C.She can’t think of anything else to do.
听下面一段对话,回答第12至13题。
12.What wasn’t Jim like in his workmates’ eyes?
A.He was generous and kind.
B.He was happy and honest.
C.He was talkative and slow.
13.Why was Jim Gray fired?
A.He faced many difficulties.
B.He talked too much and was not serious.
C.He spent too much money on good meals and gifts.
听下面一段对话,回答第14至17题。
14.Where are the two speakers?
A.In the teacher’s office. B.In a bookstore. C.In a library.
15.Which topics for poetry does the woman like?
A.Topics about nature.
B.Topics about modern life.
C.Topics about human feelings.
16.What kind of book is A Garden of Poems?
A.Shakespeare’s Poems.
B.A collection of poems.
C.Poems between the World Wars.
17.What’s the conversation about?
A.How to choose poems to read.
B.How to buy a book on poetry.
C.Kinds of poems and their topics.
听下面一段广播,回答第18至20题。
18.According to Mr Fox,what is the most important thing to take into consideration when buying a house?
A.Convenience. B.Location. C.Size.
19.What problem may you be faced with when buying an old house?
A.An old house usually has no garden.
B.You may pay much money to mend the house.
C.It’s difficult to invite an expert to check the house.
20.What will be the next topic of this radio program?
A. Buying a garden. B.Choosing a good school. C.Buying a computer.
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳答案。
21.Entering the bedroom,Jane was aware of something unusual but she couldn’t tell it was exactly.
A.which B.that C.how D.what
22.The architects have the project of building a central theatre to the government and they are waiting for the reply.
A.offered B.predicted C.supplied D.presented
23.Finally he realized a serious crime to inject drugs.However,he got no chance
a new life.
A.that;to start B.it;to start
C.what;starting D.how;starting
24.Not until a survivor had killed himself of mental comfort after the big disaster.
A.did we realize the importance B.we realized the importance
C.had we realized the importance D.we have realized the importance
25.―Sorry,miss.The make-up you required has been sold out right now.When it is ,I’ll call you to let you know.
―OK,that’s all right.
A.provided B.arriving C.available D.reliable
26.In the course of urbanization,more and more land has been taken up for building factories or apartments, less and less land is left for growing crops.
A.regularly B.generally C.namely D.virtually
27.―I hope I am not disturbing you too much.
―Oh, ,do come in.
A.of course B.certainly not
C.I think not D.I can stand it
28.“I was lucky.If I to stay outside a little while,I under the ruins.”recalled the boy,still in fear of the earthquake.
A.didn’t intend;had been buried B.hadn’t intended:would have been buried
C.haven’t imended;would be buried D.were not to intend:would be buried
29.We are born equal,but why don’t we have the access the equal educational resources?
A.to B.with C.of D.for
30. by the higher grade pupils,the small kid refused to go to school,which puzzled his mom a lot.
A.Being threatened B.Having been threatening
C.To be threatened D.Having been threatened
31.Some virus sent via e-mails can your computer system,so don’t download e-mails that are strange to you.
A.break down B.break up
C.break into D.break out
32.Carefully by the scientists,the animal body was considered an ancient species frozen in the Ice Age.
A.measured B.described C.identified D.summarized
33.―Satisfied with neither of the MP4s?Here is model for you to choose.
一Letme have alook.
A.the more advanced B.a more advanced
C.the other advanced D.other more advanced
34.You’ll never know what life holds for us.However,if you are always having the proper attitudes towards life,you’ll be well-prepared for whatever happens in the future.
A.in hand B.in the distance
C.in store D.in detail
35.The old couple was debating to inform their son or not of the bad news the father was seriously ill.
A.how;which B.whether;that
C.whether;which D.if;that
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
It was a story told by a policeman working on a train.
In the dead of night,he was on duty 36 from carriage to carriage. 37 he saw a thief 38 the pocket of a sleeping passenger. 39 the shout of the policeman,the thief took to his heels and ran toward the 40 .The policeman was quite sure that the thief couldn’t jump out of the fast running train 41 he was out of his mind.So he 42 his pursuit(追赶),got in touch with his partner on the other side of the dining car using his cell phone and 43 him of the 44 .At this time,the train suddenly stopped.He saw the thief get onto an open window seeking to 45 .For the thief,this was his only 46 and quite probably he’d succeed.
The thief was
about to iump 47 he heard a loud scream behind
him.It
was an untidy and dirty boy
The thief was caught but on the other hand he was 52 .Why?The answer given by the policeman made the passengers shocked,because 53 the train stopped was a bridge thousands of feet high above a deep valley.
On one’s life journey,one 54 to help a fellow traveler by removing a blocking stone for him.Actually he is making a way for himself.Showing care for others sometimes means doing a favor to the person 55 .
36.A.walking B.fleeing C.approaching D.rushing
37.A.Obviously B.Immediately C.Surprisingly D.Suddenly
38.A.wiping B.picking C.stealing D.robbing
39.A.At B.On C.Upon D.With
40.A.sleeping car B.dining car C.window D.bridge
41.A.unless B.if C.in case D.as if
42.A.sped up B.went on with C.slowed down D.put an end to
43.A.remained B.informed C.reminded D.recalled
44.A.situation B.condition C.location D.direction
45.A.observe B.escape C.run D.struggle
46.A.possibility B.solution C.opportunity D.alternative
47.A.as B.when C.while D.before
48.A.dying of B.caring for C.suffering from D.struggling with
49.A.moved B.stopped C.slowed D.sped
50.A.once B.then C.too D.now
51.A.turned around B.turned up C.turned out D.turned away
52.A.unconscious B.caring C.unfortunate D.lucky
53.A.why B.where C.what D.how
54.A.happens B.attempts C.promises D.occurs
55.A.yourself B.myself C.itself D.himself
第三部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
A
David Beckham
joined US soccer team
England manager Fabio Capello had warned his team that anyone not playing over the next few months would not be considered for his team.Beckham is looking to solve the problem by changing Los Angeles for Milan,at least for a few months.
Milan’s current stars――including Kaka,Ronaldinho,Shevchenko and Inzaghi――are excited by Beckham’s joining their ranks.And the move should answer Beckham’s critics,who said that his focus had switched from playing football to making money,that his England career is still his number one consideration.
But it may not be enough.England has a series of promising young players who can play in Beckham’s position.David Bentley,Aaron Lennon and Shaun Wright-Phillips are all competing for a place in the team.
Beckham is well aware that 2010 is his last chance to play at the biggest sporting event on the planet.By moving to AC Milan,even just on loan,he is giving himself every chance of staying in the England team.It seems that he’s not ready to give up lifting the famous trophy yet.
56.How many football teams are mentioned in this passage?
A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.
57.According to the passage,what does Beckham consider the most important?
A.Money. B.Playing for England.
C.His football career. D.Playing in World Cup 2010.
58.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A.Soccer players playing for the US can’t join England team.
B.Some of Beckham’s friends hold critical attitudes towards him.
C.World Cup 2010 is Beckham’s last chance to play at the biggest sporting event.
D.Beckham will face fierce competition if he wants to play for England in World Cup 2010.
59.The underlined word in the last paragraph is most probably .
A.a prize got in a competition B.a list of the players’ names
C.the responsibility for a player D.a present given by the coach
B
Read the following two reports of the same event below and choose the right answers to the following questions.
ReportA
A small group of fewer than a hundred people caused trouble for workers at our city’s most successful company today.The rude and noisy group made it difficult for the workers to get into the factory.Fortunately,most of the troublemakers left peacefully after the police arrived,but a few of them fought with the company’s guards and had to be taken to the police station.
Report B
More than ninety responsible and caring citizens made their voices heard today.The citizens,all of whom love nature and our planet,demonstrated outside the city’s worst polluter.Brave and strong,the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth.The peaceful meeting ended when the company sent out a group of angry men armed with sticks to fight with the citizens.
60.What’s the most possible headline of Report A?
A.Workers on Strike again
B.Police Fight with the Activists
C.Troublemakers Disrupt Workers
D.Activists Protest against Polluters
61.Who does the Writer of Report B support?
A.The factory. B.The workers.
C.The police. D.The demonstrators.
62.Which of the following is the fact of the event reported?
A.Over 90 caring citizens made their voices heard today.
B.A group of people demonstrated outside the factory today.
C.Brave and strong activists talked to workers outside the factory.
D.The rude and noisy group stopped the workers entering the factory.
63.What’s the right match of the 2 reports and 3 pictures?
A.Picture 1 for Report A:Picture 2 for Report B
B.Picture 1 for Report B;Picture 2 for Report A
C.Picture 3 for Report A;Picture 2 for Report
D.Picture 3 for Report B:Picture 1 for Report A
C
Chen Yunlin,president of the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits,visited Taiwan and signed an agreement to open direct shipping,mail and air routes services.
A survey indicated that 75%of the people surveyed were in favor of Chen’s visit Wong Yingru,a university student in Taipei,calls it a breakthrough in cross-Straits relations.She hopes mutual(相互的)recognition of education degrees will be reached soon between the two sides so that young Taiwanese like her will benefit.Last year Wong visited two universities in Fujian and decided to go on with her further study on the mainland.She said,“Compared with Taiwan,the mainland is much large,which often means more opportunities and resources.”
Mainland universities began to accept Taiwanese in 1986.In 2006,the mainla began to recognize the educational degrees issued by Taiwan universities.But mainland degrees still aren’t recognized in Taiwan.This has kept Taiwan students from coming to the mainland.In 2007,a total of 6,568 Taiwan students studied in mainland universities.The number was much lower than the 54,000 students from South Korea and the 18,640 from Japan.Lee Sichen,president of the National Taiwan University,said mutual recognition of degrees will benefit Taiwan universities.“The problem facing many Taiwan umversities is the lack of students caused by the falling birth rate for years in Taiwan.”he said.
Bai Mingran,a student in Beijing said,“In my university,there are exchang programs with American and European universities,but as far as I know,there is none with a Taiwan university.This is contrary to the fact that we share the same origin and should be closer to each other.Taiwan also has good universities.I hope one day 1 can go there.”
64.Why aren’t there many Taiwanese studying in mainland universities?
A.Because they are forbidden to study on the mainland.
B.Because
mainland degrees aren’t recognized in
C.Because the
mainland doesn’t recognize
D.Because mainland universities provide fewer opportunities for students.
65.What problems are Taiwan universities faced with?
A.The low birth rate. B.The shortage of students.
C.Fewer exchange students. D.A lack of educational resources.
66.From Bai Mingran’s words,we can learn
A.her university in Beijing is not a good one
B.she once studied in an American university
C.she wants more
exchanges with students from
D.her university
has a closer tie with a
67.Which of the following is true according to this article?
A.Taiwan began to accept the mainland students in 2006.
B.The mainland recognized Taiwan educational degrees in 1986.
C.Compared with Japan,more Korean students study on the mainland.
D.Only after visiting mainland universities will many Taiwanese decide to study on the mainland.
D
Every year mobile phones develop.Imagining what they will look like and be able to do in 2020 is really a challenge.To help,experts have outlined three major mobile trends that they believe will have become reality by then.
Our phones will be so smart in 12 years’ time that they’ll know everything about our situation and warn us when something needs our attention.This is the top prediction of both Nokia and Google.They predict that our cars and home appliances(家用电器)will be able to communicate with our mobile.For example,fridges will tell your mobile to tell you to pick up milk on the way
back from work.While driving,your mobile will suggest that you take a different route because there’s a road accident up ahead.
The second trend is in gesture-based controls.People who know the iPhone’s touch-sensitive screen are already familiar with the technology.It translates hand movements into actions on-screen.But gestural communications will make the phone more convenient to use and may completely replace touchpads.According to industry insiders,the most immediate step forward in gestural technology will be in voice recognition.It’s believed voice recognition technology will speed up communications.It is quicker to speak than type.Eventually,phone screens will disappear.
The third major development will change our understanding of a mobile phone.From a single phone,the mobile will be developed into multi-part devices.It is opposite to the current trend in which mobile phones are combining the functions of cameras,music players and game consoles(游戏机).The prediction is based on the idea that the world will become more wireless and all these――cameras,music players and game consoles,will be wirelessly connected.Mobile phones won’t need to contain these devices because users will be able to control them wirelessly through their phones.
68.The first paragraph serves as .
A.a leading in B.a conclusion C.a summary D.a supporting fact
69.Which of the following is most likely to be the appearance of a mobile phone in 2020?
70.From the text,we can learn that the future mobile phones will .
A.drive cars for us
B.be controlled by the users’ voices
C.be controlled by home appliances
D.be very big together with separated multiple parts
71.The text mainly tells us .
A.three major trends of mobile phones
B.what mobile phones will look like in 2020
C.the future mobile phones are gesture-based
D.some new functions of the present mobile phones
E
“It seems that you had a rough day,Tyler.Is there anything I can do to help?”
“That’s just the thing,Mom.We can’t help.Today,our science teacher talked about Earth Day and the environment.Earth Day is supposed to be a day when every person promises to do something to help take care of our world.Mrs Green told us our world is getting dirtier and that many animals and plants are dying.She wants us to think of something we can do to help and I thought all the way home and there is not anything that I can do to make a difference.”
“Let me tell you a story that might help you think about your problem in a different way.”She began,“One morning a man was walking down a beach that was covered with dying starfish.Thinking what a shame it was that all of those starfish would die on the beach,he came across a boy who was throwing starfish back into the ocean as fast as he could.‘Son,’the man said,‘you’d better quit.There are thousands of them.They are washed up all over the beach.There is no way you can make any sort of a difference.’The boy spoke to the man without even a pause,‘I can make a difference to this one,and this one,and this one.’The man thought a while,and he knew the boy was right.He began to help return the animals to their home.”
Tyler stared at his mother,“But he did make a difference,didn’t he?To every starfish that he threw back?So,what it means is that even though I can’t change everything,I can make a big difference by doing the little things that matter?”His mother nodded,smiling,“That is exactly what I am saying.”
On Earth Day,there was a meeting and everyone in the community was invited.Many of them were surprised to see a large brown tree without leaves.Soon performances began.A boy walked across a stage filled with starfish.The play went on as Tyler and his class showing the story and ended with the audience’s applause.“At first,we thought we couldn’t do anything.The problems seemed too big for us.But then we realized that together,even the little things we do could add up to mean a lot to our world.”The kids began passing out the green leaves and pens to the audience.“We want every person to think of one thing you can do to make a difference to our world.Even if it seems like something small,it will matter.”The audience began writing.“I will walk to work.”“I will use both sides of my paper to save trees.”…
Soon the tree was green and covered with the Earth Day promises.Seeing the people laughing and talking as they left,Tyler smiled,thinking of the difference they would make.
72.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A.Mom’s Story B.Earth Day Promises
C.Let’s Make a Difference D.Do Something on Earth Day
73.Tyler’s mother told him the story of starfish in order to .
A.cheer him up B.provide a solution to his problem
C.tell him a meaningful story D.help him consider the problern in another way
74.A large tree without leaves standing there was used .
A.as a decoration of the stage B.as a reminder of air pollution
C.to hang up promises on D.to help perform the play
75.After the meeting,Tyler felt .
A.relieved and hopeful B.depressed and upset
C.worried and anxious D.eager and passi
成都市2008~2009学年度上期期末调研考试
高二生物
注意事项:
1. 本试卷分A卷和B卷。A卷满分100分,B卷满分50分,全卷总分150分。考试时间为120分钟。
2. 答卷前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
3.答A卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号、考试科目涂写在机读卡上。
4.解答A卷的选择题时,当每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案。A卷选择题答案不能写在试卷纸上。
除A卷的选择题外,其余试题用蓝、黑钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷纸上。
A卷(共100分)
1. 关于构成生物体的元素的叙述中,正确的是
A.C、H、O在生物细胞中含量最多,所以它们都是组成生物体的最基本的元素
B.哺乳动物的血液中Ca盐含量过低时,将出现抽搐
C.落叶与正常叶相比Ca和Mg的含量基本不变
D.大量元素B能促进花粉的萌发和花粉管的形成
2.下列关于生物大分子的叙述中,不正确的是
A.蛋白质是以氨基酸为基本单位构成的生物大分子
B.DNA是一类具有储存遗传信息、控制蛋白质合成功能的生物大分子
C.淀粉、糖原、纤维素和核酸都是生物大分子
D.糖元是植物细胞中普遍存在的一类重要的生物大分子
3.人和动物体内的主要能源物质是
A.糖类 B.蛋白质 C.脂肪 D.ATP
4.下列对细胞膜的功能叙述中有误的是
A.细胞膜表面的糖被与细胞间的识别功能有关
B. 细胞膜可选择吸收某些物质
C. 白细胞能吞噬某些病原体与其流动性有关
D.细胞要选择吸收的小分子都可以自由通过细胞膜
5.某科学家在研究细胞膜运输物质时发现有下列四种关系,分别用四种曲线表示
在研究具体的物质X时,发现与曲线②和④相符,试问:细胞膜运输物质x的方式是
A.主动运输 B.自由扩散 C.内吞和外排 D.无法判断
6.对线粒体和叶绿体的叙述中,不正确的是
A.都是双层膜结构的细胞器 B.都有基质
C.所含酶的功能都相同 D.都存在于真核细胞中
7.右图为细胞亚显微结构示意图,下列有关说法不正确的是
A.此图可用来表示低等植物细胞的亚显微结构
B.若此图表示洋葱根尖分生区细胞,应去掉的结构为2、9
C.图中含有脱氧核糖核酸的结构有3、5、6
D.此图若表示动物的性腺细胞,则不应有的结构为1、2、5
8.细胞分裂过程中不会出现的是
A.染色体复制一次,细胞连续分裂两次
B.随着着丝点的分裂,DNA分子数加倍
C.同源染色体分离
D.在赤道板位置上出现细胞板
9.一个细胞核中有20条染色体,在连续进行两次有丝分裂之后,产生的子细胞中有染色体
A.10条 B.20条 C.30条 D.40条
10.某细胞在进行正常有丝分裂过程中,如果细胞内的染色体、染色单体、DNA分子三者的数量比是1∶2∶2,则该细胞所处的分裂时期是
A.前期或后期 B.中期或末期 C.前期或中期 D.后期或末期
11.在显微镜下,鉴别一个正在进行有丝分裂的细胞是植物细胞还是动物细胞,最可靠的判断依据是
A.DNA分子是否复制 B.是否有纺缍体出现
C.细胞质分裂成两部分的方式 D.是否具有中心体
12.下面是四位同学的实验操作方法或结果,其中错误的一项是
A.番茄汁中含有丰富的葡萄糖和果糖,宜用作还原糖鉴定的材料
B.纸层析法分离叶绿体中的色素,其颜色从上到下依次是:橙黄色、黄色、蓝绿色和黄绿色
C.蛋白质与双缩脲试剂作用产生紫色反应
D.显微镜下观察根尖的有丝分裂,在细胞呈正方形的区域易找到分裂期的细胞
13.下列关于细胞分裂、分化、衰老和死亡的叙述中,正确的是
A.细胞分化使各种细胞的遗传物质产生差异,导致细胞的形态和功能不同
B.个体发育过程中细胞的分裂、分化、癌变和死亡对于生物体都有积极的意义
C.细胞分裂存在于个体发育整个生命进程中,细胞分化仅发生在胚胎发育阶段
D.细胞衰老和死亡是细胞生命活动的基本规律
14.检测某一植物组织细胞,发现分解有机物缓慢,酶的催化效率极低,该细胞正处在
A.分化时期 B.分裂时期 C.衰老时期 D.癌变时期
15.一般情况下,能水解酶的是
A.淀粉酶 B.蛋白酶 C.脂肪酶 D.麦芽糖酶
16.以下是对生物体ATP的有关叙述,其中正确的一项是
A.ATP与ADP的相互转化,在活细胞中是循环往复的
B.ATP与ADP是同一种物质的两种形态
C.生物体内的ATP含量很多,从而保证了生物活动所需能量的持续供应
D.ATP与ADP的相互转化,使生物体内各项化学反应能在常温常压下快速又顺利进行
17.下列哪些生理活动会导致细胞内ADP的含量增加
①小肠绒毛上皮细胞吸收和②小肠绒毛上皮细胞对葡萄糖的吸收
③血液中的乙醇进入肝细胞 ④甘油进入小肠绒毛上皮细胞
A.①②③④ B.①② C.③④ D.①②③
18.下列物质中,属于光合作用光反应产物的是
A.、、ATP B.[H ]、、
C.[H ]、、ATP D.、化合物、
19.在温室内由于有适宜的阳光、温度和充足的,植物长势良好;如发生器突然发生故障,此时测定叶肉细胞内的、、ATP和[H]的含量变化情况,应该是
A.下降、下降、上升、上升 B.下降、上升、上升、上升
C.上升、上升、下降、下降 D.上升、下降、上升、上升
20.暗反应中被还原的条件是
A.ATP、酶、还原氢 B.ATP、氧气、还原氢
C.水、ADP D.、酶
21.以紫色洋葱鳞茎表皮为材料观察植物细胞质壁分离现象,下列叙述错误的是
A.在发生质壁分离的细胞中能观察到紫色中央液泡逐渐缩小
B.滴加
C.发生质壁分离的细胞放入清水中又复原,说明细胞保持活性
D.用高浓度的溶液代替蔗糖溶液不能引起细胞质壁分离
22.水分的吸收与矿质元素离子的吸收有着广泛的联系,下面的说法错误的是
A.水分的吸收可以及时将矿质元素离子运走,因而可以促进矿质元素离子的吸收
B.矿质元素离子的吸收增加了细胞液的浓度,因而能够促进水分的吸收
C.矿质元素离子的主要吸收部位与水分的主要吸收部位是相同的
D.水分的吸收与矿质元素离子的吸收成正比例的关系
23.N、P、K是植物需要量大的矿质元素,下列曲线与实际相符的是
24.当土壤中缺少镁元素时,植物首先受害的部位是
A.新叶 B.老叶 C.新叶和老叶 D.幼叶和新叶
25.下列有关人体内蛋白质代谢过程的叙述,不正确的是
A.在健康成年人体内,蛋白质的合成和分解是动态平衡的
B.在健康人的尿液中,尿素的含量较高说明其食物结构中含较多的蛋白质
C.蛋白质消化的最终产物是二氧化碳、水和尿素
D.通过脱氨基作用生成的含氮部分需转变成尿素才能排出体外
26.关于物质代谢的叙述,错误的是
A.葡萄糖可以转变为脂肪
B.氨基酸的不含氮部分能转变成糖类
C.肌糖元转变成葡萄糖均会释放到血液中
D. 动物的物质代谢过程主要发生在细胞内
27.下列关于线粒体的叙述,正确的是
A.能进行呼吸作用的细胞一定含有线粒体
B.动物心脏细胞中的线粒体较多
C.线粒体中进行有氧呼吸的第二阶段释放大量能量
D.线粒体能直接为有丝分裂提供能量
28.下列生物化学反应在真核细胞的细胞质基质中进行的
A.葡萄糖的无氧分解 B.丙酮酸的彻底氧化分解
C.有氧呼吸的第二阶段 D.有氧呼吸的第三阶段
29.需氧型生物区别于厌氧生物的特点
A.分解有机物过程中需要氧气 B.生活在陆地上
C.细胞中一定有线粒体 D.能合成有机物
30.下图中能说明胚芽鞘尖端是感受光刺激部位的最佳实验组合是
A.营养来源被切断 B.果实的光合作用停止
C.生长素的来源被切断 D.果实的呼吸作用停止
32.正常人在饥饿状态下,体内血液
①葡萄糖浓度大幅度下降 ②葡萄糖浓度相对稳定 ③胰岛素含量相对减少
④胰岛素含量相对增加 ⑤胰高血糖素含量相对增加⑥胰高血糖素含量相对减少
A.①③⑥ B.②③⑥ C.①④⑤ D.②③⑤
33.右图为反射弧结构示意图,下列说法中正确的
A.刺激③处,该处细胞膜电位变为外正内负
B.若从③处切断神经纤维,刺激④,E不能产生反应
C.兴奋在①处神经纤维上传导速度较在②处快
D.若在④处施加一适宜刺激,图中①~⑤处能测到兴奋的只有⑤
34.下列关于神经调节的叙述不正确的是
A.条件反射是高级神经活动的基本方式
B.特定的反射需要特定的反射弧和适宜的刺激
C.小天鹅印随学习的生理基础是条件反射
D.兴奋在经过突触结构时的传导不一定是单向的
35.下列叙述错误的是
A.果树嫁接属于营养生殖
B.青霉、曲霉等霉菌普通的生殖方式是孢子生殖
C.马铃薯块茎上的芽长成一株植物是出芽生殖
D.使后代产生广泛变异的是有性生殖
36.下列曲线表示减数分裂过程中DNA含量变化的是
37.从显微镜下看到一个正处在减数第二次分裂的高等动物细胞,如下图所示,则此动物的初级精母细胞中,四分体数、染色单体数、DNA分子数依次为
A.3,3,6 B.3,6,6
C.3,6,12 D.3,12,12
38.细胞减数第一次分裂过程中不会出现
A.同源染色体配对(联会) B.姐妹染色单体分离
C.同源染色体彼此分离 D.四分体中的非姐妹染色单体之间交叉、互换
39.下列关于大豆发育的叙述正确的是
A.个体发育的起点是种子
B.种子无胚乳是由于胚珠内极核未受精
C.收获的果实有时出现“空瘪粒”是由于胚珠内卵细胞未受精
D.对未授粉的花蕾喷洒一定浓度的生长素就能避免“空瘪粒”
40.下列有关生物个体发育的叙述中,错误的是
A.生物的个体发育是受精卵经细胞分裂、组织分化和器官形成直到发育成性成熟个体的过程
B.各种生物的个体发育过程是不完全相同的
C.个体发育是从精子和卵细胞结合到发育成具有繁殖能力的新个体的过程
D.高等动物的个体发育包括胚胎的发育和胚后发育
题号
A卷(非选择题)
B卷
B卷总分
总分
总分人
二
一
二
得分
得分
评卷人
成都市2008~2009学年度上期期末调研考试
高二物理
注意事项:
1. 本试卷分A卷和B卷。A卷满分100分,B卷满分50分,全卷满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
2.答卷前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
3.答A卷时,选择题选出答案后,用铅笔把机读卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案;非选择题用钢笔或圆珠笔直接写在试卷纸上。
4.答B卷时,请将答案(包括选择题)用钢笔或圆珠笔直接写在试卷纸上。
5.考试结束,监考员将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
A卷(100分)
成都市2008~2009学年度上期期末调研考试
高二化学
注意事项:
1.本试卷分A卷和B卷。A卷满分100分,B卷满分50分,全卷总分150分。考试时间为120分钟。
2.答卷前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
3.答A卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号、考试科目涂写在机读卡上。
4.解答A卷的选择题时,当每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案。A卷选择题答案不能写在试卷纸上。
除A卷的选择题外,其余试题用蓝、黑钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷纸上。
相对原子质量:
A卷(共100分)
2009届上海语文高考闵行区二模考试卷
阅 读(80分)
(一)阅读下文。完成第1-6题。(16分)
①春分过后是清明。这是小时候从父亲口中听到的一句话。现在想来,它既是一句话,又是一个哲理。只有太阳直射到黄经,才有昼夜等长,阴阳平衡。而只有昼夜等长,阴阳平衡,才有“清明”。创设了清明这个节日的,无疑是一个大智者。
②“山水”同在为“清”,“日月”同在为“明”,一个“同”字,道尽了天地秘密,也道尽了文化的秘密,特别是中国文化的秘密。无水之山少了情韵,无山之水少了风骨;无日之月少了热烈,无月之日少了温柔;水因山不□,山因水不□;日因月不□,月因日不□。这一切,都在一种“大同”之中实现了。这便是“清明”。
③清明看上去是季节,其实是人格。没有山水精神的人格是残缺的人格,没有日月精神的人格同样是残缺的人格。而山水日月精神,说到底则是天地精神。天同覆,地同载。齐生死便是由此而来。
④对于中国人来说,从来就没有生,也从来没有死,因为中国人有怀念,真诚又深沉的怀念。而怀念来自人格,人格来自奉献,奉献来自觉悟,觉悟来自天地精神,来自“清明”。而要参透这个“清明”,则需要昼夜等长、万物复苏相佐。惟有此时,人们才能生死并参。而只有生死并参,人们才能留意生死之间的“我”,才能把握生的“清”,死的“明”,才能让灵魂春色永驻。
⑤清明处心积虑,她让我们看破:死是一个假象。就像春分过后,杨柳依然,所谓春来草自青。或者说,只要我们在“清明”之中,“死”就成为杨柳,就会成为春色,就会成为秋千,就会成为风筝,就会成为踏青途中的欢声笑语。为此,清明前后,栽瓜点豆。这时候的瓜和豆睡醒了,开始了它们新一轮的生命旅程,带着山水之清气和潮湿,带着日月之光辉和温暖,带着主人之期待和叮嘱,开始它们的旅行,走进农历,走进它们的缘分,走进它们的因果。
⑥而充盈在天地间的灵魂又何尝不是如此。大家把郊游认为是在扫墓之后乘机呼吸新鲜空气,锻炼身体,显然表面化了。真正郊游的意义在《庄子》中。庄子认为,人不必执着于生,因为生若是一次远游,那么死就等同于归。庄子说得好啊:天地赋予形体让我承受,赋予生命让我劳累,赋予衰老让我安逸,赋予死亡让我安息。所以把活着看作是乐事,也就是把死去看作是乐事了。这是一种“归”。面对人们对“死”的看不开,庄子又说:丽姬是艾的女儿,许配给晋王时,哭得死去活来,对未来的陌生环境充满着不确定感。嫁过去住进王宫,每晚与晋王缠绵床第,享受美食,就对自己在家中哭泣感到好笑,早知道宫中如此舒服,还哭个什么劲呢?同样的道理,我们现在对死亡恐惧不安,是否到头来也会笑自己对世界的依恋不舍很幼稚呢?视生若死,视死如生。这是庄子的安详和智慧。
⑦孔子说得更彻底:朝闻道,夕死可矣。清明讲的就是这个“道”。在杨柳依依中,在草色青青中,在旧墓,在新坟,在山麓,在河滨,如果我们没有看到这个“道”,我们已和“清明”擦肩而过。中国的节日,大凡都是诱发你对道的感悟,诱发你对山水精神的感悟,对天地精神的感悟。依山悟崇高,傍水悟清廉;以日月悟光明,由天地悟正大;假生之乐悟慈,借死之苦悟悲;从而珍惜青春,珍惜年华,珍惜生命,珍惜因缘,感念造化宏德,善待自然有情,鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。
⑧中国的节日,大凡和祭有关。以祭悟道,这是中国人的智慧。在我理解,清明是春祭,中元是夏祭,寒衣是秋祭,大年是冬祭。而一切祭的背面却是暗藏的狂欢。哀以乐感,乐以哀感,一体两面,这便是中国人的大幽默、大安详。如此,真正的清明上河图在阴阳两界展开。把追思和狂欢均匀地撒在四季,让岁月芬芳,让大地馥郁,让灵魂清明,中国文化的大戏就这样一代代演了下来,一如长河。
⑨这时的“上河”已不单单是清明的“上河”了。如果说上巳节是中国的情人节,那么清明节无疑是中国的感恩节。有意思的是,她俩居然比肩接踵,让人不由赞叹中国人的智慧:昨天上巳,今天清明,如同一家人的前院和后院。前院求生,后院念死;环绕着前院后院的,是青青杨柳和无尽春色。上巳的主旨是幽会求子,清明的主旨是鉴死知生。这两个节日的奇妙联袂,真是让人叫绝。幽会之后是求子,求子之后是祭祖,生死相续,以生观死,以死鉴生,一个中国人特有的“产业链”就这样形成了。它同时叮嘱我们,子不必求,因为子在祖德;祖不必祭,因为建功立业光宗耀祖就是最好的祭。
⑩清明不仅是节日,清明也是人格,炎黄子孙的人格。出游是惬意的,惬意可以让人流连忘返,但天黑下来了,所有的惬意都成了归意。路上行人欲断魂,正是因为我们在路上。出游的目的是让你体会那个“归”。 选自2009年4月3日《光明日报》
1.(2分)第②段方框处依次填入的一组字词,正确的是( )
A.枯浊晦烈 B.浊枯烈晦
C.晦枯烈浊 D.烈晦浊枯
2.(2分)第④段加点词“生死并参”,在文中的意思是_______________。
3.(2分)第⑥、⑦两段引用庄子与孔子的话,主要是为了说明_______________。
4.(2分)下列有关本文的一些解说,符合中国传统文化常识的一项是( )
A.“春分”、“清明”以及后文提及的“上巳”,同属于我国古代的“二十四节气”。
B.从构造上看,“清”、“明”两字都是合体字,“清”为会意字,“明”为象形字。
C.作为传统节日,清明习俗十分丰富,有扫墓、祭祖、踏青、荡秋千、放风筝等。
D.“齐生死”是儒家核心思想,“齐”意味着“等同”,倡导“视死如归”的精神。
5.(4分)文末说“清明不仅是节日,清明也是人格,炎黄子孙的人格”。综观全文,这里所说的“人格”,主要的内涵是:
(1)______________________________ .
(2)______________________________ .
6.(4分)我们曾学习过陶渊明的《归去来兮辞》,请回忆课文内容,并联系本文的观点,简要谈谈你对“归”一词的理解。
_____________________________________________。
(二)阅读下文,完成第7―12题。(23分)
听梆声的地方
迟子建
①乌镇是一枝莲,东栅、西栅、南栅、北栅是它张开的花瓣。东栅因为天光和烟火气盛,这片花瓣在我眼里是银粉色的。西栅呢,它被不绝的流水环绕着,那层层叠叠的楼台水阁,迷宫似的灰街长巷,也就有了舟楫的气象,似乎你轻轻一推,它们就会启航。这片轻灵的花瓣,就是烛白色的了。
②来乌镇的,不仅仅是人,还有白鹭、云朵、晨雾。与它们比起来,依赖车船出行的人,是多么的被动啊。白鹭来,乘着清风,扇动着丝绸一样的翅膀,倏忽间就翩然而至了;云朵呢,如果它们思念身下这片枕河人梦的人家了,从天宇的某个角落出发,且歌且舞,飘飘洒洒,也是说到就到了。比起白鹭和云朵,晨雾不是远客,它们就栖息在乌镇纵横交织的水泽深处。只要它起了顽皮,就一哄而起,缚住太阳,把人间幻化为海市蜃楼,霸气十足地做这世界早晨的皇帝。
③我在乌镇,住在西栅。西栅由十二座小岛组成,所以进出西栅,须乘坐渡船。到乌镇时已是晚上九点,江南的雨淅淅沥沥下着,好像乌镇这个素服女子忙活了一天,正在做安寝前的沐浴。从西栅的码头登船,去通安客栈,大约一刻钟。西栅的渡船是我喜欢的那种,带蓬的木船,梭形,人工摇橹,至多坐六人,既不像大船那样笨拙少情调,又不像只能容一两个人坐的小舟,在水波上活跃得像条鱼一样,让人心生不安。船家是个女子,乌镇人对她们有个亲切的称谓:船娘。而我觉得,女子的性情,最适合在西栅摆渡。因为这儿不是荒凉的海域,需要顶天立地的男人披荆斩棘。西栅是一食宁静的港湾,是个听桨声的地方,由性情多温婉的女子做“掌门人”,再妥帖不过了。
④船娘戴着斗笠,不紧不慢地摇着橹。虽然落着雨,但岸上投下的灯影,依然盛开在河面上。没有月亮的夜晚,那一团团湿漉漉的橘黄的灯影,看上去像是月亮生出的金发婴孩,是那么鲜润明媚。带着一身的水汽,船停靠在客栈的码头上了。简单吃了点东西,洗漱后躺下,已是深夜了。
⑧来乌镇的次日,是茅盾文学奖颁奖的日子。我醒来的时候,西栅还没醒,因为它被浓雾包裹着,所以到了天亮的时辰,它却亮不起来。早饭后,我出了客栈散步。上了一座灰白的石拱桥,站在桥上,只见河西岸的房屋,好像凉晒着一匹匹白色的丝绸,被雾气紧紧缠绕。你想看远一点的河道,看不清楚;想看近处房屋的飞檐,也是看不清楚的。雾中的西栅,也就有了如梦似幻的感觉。上午十点多,雾小了,雨又来了,所以那个白天的太阳,和那个夜晚的月亮,是逃跑的新娘,芳踪难觅。如果说乌镇是一朵静静的莲的话,那么茅盾文学奖的颁奖典礼在我眼里就是昙花。那个夜晚的颁奖盛典结束后,第二天,与会人员纷纷离去了。客栈的小码头忙碌起来,船娘忙碌起来,被浆搅起的水波,也忙碌起来了。
⑥我也乘渡船出去,但奔赴的不是飞机场,而是东栅。太阳终于露出了芳容,天地间变得亮堂起来了。东栅游人如织,每一座石桥,每一条小巷,每一座古老的楼牌下,都有驻足观望和拍照的人。导游带着我们,先是参观了一个专门展览雕花木床的博物馆,然后去了乌镇名酒、从清朝就开张了的三白酒的酿造地。在乌镇这样的水乡,如果没有酒,老百姓的日子,无疑是少了魂儿。
⑦从东栅回来,小憩片刻,导游又带着我们游西栅。看了白莲塔、通济桥和仁济桥所形成的著名的“桥里桥”景观、蚕丝厂以及酱坊。
⑧游过西栅,天色已昏。我们就近在一处临河的餐馆里吃晚饭。回到客栈,清理完旅行箱,想想明天就要离开西栅了,心中似乎还有什么割舍不下的。我独自出了门,看夜下的西栅。
⑨石板桥上,几乎看不见行人了。西栅静起来,而另一种光明,却升起来。点缀着夜晚的灯光,以乳黄为主,但也有幽蓝的光带,裹着石桥,使桥有了闪电的气象。那一盏盏古朴的风灯,在苍灰的屋檐下,随着晚风轻轻摇荡,像恋人温柔的眼。我走进一条深巷,周围竟一个人都不见,那一座座阒然无声的深宅大院,使我怀疑里面居住的不是人,而是神灵。我有些害怕,连忙回到离出发点不远的放生桥那儿,桥下有一个小酒吧,还有零星的顾客。我跨上桥,刚好看见有一只载客的船从远处荡来。我听见客人在问:“岸上是什么树呀?”船娘答:“香樟树。”之后再无人语,有的只是水声。我看着这只船渐渐接近石桥,然后鱼似的从桥下跃过,不见了踪影。正当我要走下石桥的时候,一阵梆声石破天惊地响起,这是打更的人在报时了。打更的人穿行在哪一条巷子,我并不知晓。但这寂寥而空灵的梆声,与教堂的钟声一样,让我身心顿时为之一爽。是啊,这禅意深厚的梆声让我明白,所有的盛典和荣耀,不过是一季的盛花,会转瞬间化为流水。那些相识的和不相识的人,包括我自己,不过是这世界的过客而已。明白了这个道理,你就不会在脱离了灯火璀璨、人语喧嚣的环境后,惧怕一个人走夜路。
⑩这复古的梆声,让西栅的夜,白了。 选自《青年文摘》2009年第6期
7.(4分)文中两处使用了“丝绸”作为喻体,请联系语境,具体揭示这一意象的表达效果。
(1)“白鹭来,乘着清风,扇动着丝绸一样的翅膀”,表达效果是______________________________。
(2)“只见河西岸的房屋,好像凉晒着一匹匹白色的丝绸”,表达效果是______________________________。
8.(2分)第③段作者写乌镇“船娘”,其作用是______________________________。
9.(4分)第⑨段画线处写西栅夜晚的灯光,这几句主要是以色彩的描述为主,还不够形象生动。请发挥想像,并运用一定的表现手法,改写画线句的内容。(字数在100字以内)
10.(6分)下列对本文的理解与赏析,恰当的两项是( )( )
A.第①段作者由近及远、由外而内,整体勾勒出鸟镇“莲花状”的位置形态。
B.第②段写白鹭、云朵与晨雾,是为了渲染乌镇“如梦似幻”的神秘的气氛。
C.作者在第⑤段提及文学奖颁奖,这是运用闲笔来交代自己鸟镇之行的缘由。
D.写鸟镇的景致,作者十分注重剪裁,西栅、东栅详写,而南栅、北栅略写。
E.文中多处运用比拟,鸟镇、晨雾,都赋以了人的情态,给人和谐柔曼之感。
F.本文用词典雅,语言舒缓,极少用口语化的词汇与句式,读来晓畅、清新。
11.(3分)本文是一篇游记散文,请简析作者记游的行文脉络。
_____________________________________________。
12.(4分)本文题为“听梆声的地方”,而文中的“梆声”却写得不多,这样写是否扣题不紧?请结合文意对此作出评析。
_____________________________________________。
(三)填写下列名篇名句中的空缺。(任选6空)(6分)
13.(1)子日:“敏而好学,_______________ ,是以谓之文也。”(《论语》)
(2)_______________ ,风雪夜归人。(刘长卿《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》)
(3)造化钟神秀,_______________ .(杜甫《望岳》)
(4)东船西舫悄无言,_______________ .(白居易《琵琶行》)
(5)_______________ ,俯察品类之盛。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)
(6)昨夜西风凋碧树,_______________ ,_______________ .(晏殊《鹊踏枝》)
(7)长安回望绣成堆,_______________ .(杜牧《过华清宫》)
(四)阅读下面的词及材料。完成l4-16题。(7分)
渔歌子
唐五代 魏承班
柳如眉,云似发。蛟绡雾毅笼香雪。梦魂惊,钟漏歇。窗外晓莺残月。几多情,无处说。
落花飞絮清明节。少年郎,容易别。一去音书断绝。
「材料」
俞彦《爰园词话》:使柳屯田此际操觚,果可以“杨柳岸晓风残月”命句否?且柳词亦只此
佳句,余皆未称。而亦有本,祖魏承班《渔歌子》“窗外晓莺残月”,第改二字增一字耳。
14.(1分)材料所说“柳屯田”,指的是宋代词人_______________.
15.(2分)词下片中的“几多情,无处说”,所要抒发的情感是__________________________。
16.(4分)材料中认为柳词不足称道,“杨柳岸晓风残月”这一句,只是在魏承班“窗外晓莺残月”的基础上稍作修改。你是否赞同这种观点?请结合词境具体加以赏析。
(五)阅读下文。完成17-21题。(17分)
晏元献公为童子时,张文节荐之于朝廷,召之阙下,适值御试进士,便令公就试。公一见试题,日:“臣十日前已作此赋,有赋草尚在,乞别命题。”上极爱其不隐,及为馆职,时天下无事,许臣僚择胜燕饮。当时侍从、文馆士大夫,各为燕集,以至市楼酒肆,往往皆供帐为游息之地。公是时贫甚,不能出,独家居,与昆弟讲习。一日选东宫官,忽自中批:?t除晏殊0 99执政莫谕所因,次日进复,上谕之日:“近闻馆阁臣僚无不嬉游燕赏,弥日继夕,惟殊杜门与兄弟读书,如此谨厚。正可为东宫官0 99公既受命,得对,上面谕除授之意。公语言质野,则曰:臣非不乐燕游者,直以贫,无可为之。臣若有钱,亦须往,但无钱不能出耳。上益嘉其诚实。知事君体,眷注日深。仁宗朝,卒至大用。 「宋」沈括《梦溪笔谈》
17.(4分)写出下列加点词在句中的意思
(1)许臣僚择雎燕饮( ) (2)除晏殊( )
(3)掺日继夕( ) (4)公语言质野( )
18.(2分)在下列加点的词中,用法不同于其他三项的一项是( )
A. 当时侍从、文馆士大夫,各为燕集 B.卒相与欢,为刎颈之交
C.冰,水希之,而寒于水 D.有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋
19.(6分)把下列句子译成现代汉语
(1)适值御试进士,便令公就试。
译文:______________________________
(2)臣非不乐燕游者,直以贫,无可为之。
译文:______________________________
20.(3分)从文中看,晏殊的“诚实”,主要表现为____________________。(用自己的话概括)
21.(2分)因为“诚实”与“□□”的品性,晏殊最终得以“大用”。
(六)阅读下文,完成22~26题。(11分)
致李子髯书
「明」袁宏道
髯公近日做诗否?若不作诗,何以谴此寂寞日子?人情必有所寄,然后能乐。故有以弈为寄,有以色为寄,有以技为寄,有以文为寄。古之达人,高人一层,只是他情有所寄,不肯浮泛虚度光景。每见无寄之人,终日忙忙,如有所失,无事而忧,对景不乐,即自家亦不知是何缘故。这便是一座活地狱,更说甚么铁床铜柱、刀山剑树也,可怜,可怜!
大抵世上无难为的事,只胡乱做将去,自有水到渠成日子。如子髯之才,天下事何不可为?只怕慎重太过,不肯拼着便做。勉之哉,毋负知己相成之意可也。
22.(1分)文题《致李子髯书》中的“书”,意思是 _______________.
23.(3分)起笔句“髯公近日做诗否”,所起的具体作用是_______________。
24.(2分)第一段中多处运用了对比,请根据文意,概括出两组对比。
(1)_____________________________________________
(2)_____________________________________________
25.(2分)文中画线句的表达效果是______________________________。
26.(3分)第二段“只胡乱做将去,自有水到渠成日子”一句,在文中有特定的含义。请结合文章内容,评价该句的思想意义。
_____________________________________________。
写作(70分)
27.阅读下面提示,根据要求作文。
一支远征的队伍穿过雪山,天上正纷纷扬扬地下着大雪,眼前一片白雪皑皑,什么也看不见。忽然,一个士兵痛苦地捂住双眼,他失明了。没一会儿,很多士兵都染上了这种怪病。军中哗然,后来终于明白了真相:人的眼睛总是在不知疲倦地搜索世界,从一个落点到另一个落点。如果连续搜索而找不到任何一个落点,它就会因过度紧张而失明。于是,人们想出一个聪明的办法:让先头部队将沿途树上的雪摇下来,从而使大部队的眼睛不至于因没有落点而连续搜索…… ‘
人生亦如此,当一个人的心灵找不到一个合适的落点时,他必须清理出前方的一棵树。否则他的心会因过度紧张而死去。
请以“落点”为话题写一篇作文,不少于800字。题目自拟,文体不限。
重庆市十二校2OO9年高三第一次质量调研抽测试卷
数学(理科)试题 2009.03
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
第I卷(选择题,共50分)
高三化学攻关三十六法之――实验装置的连接
实验装置的连接,多为考查学生的创新思维,若实验中学生未见,则难度陡升。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目,然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
为探究乙炔与溴的加成反应,甲同学设计并进行了如下实验:先取一定量工业用电石与水反应,将生成的气体通入溴水中,发现溶液褪色,即证明乙炔与溴水发生了加成反应。
乙同学发现在甲同学的实验中,褪色后的溶液里有少许淡黄色浑浊,推测在制得的乙炔中还可能含有少量还原性的杂质气体,由此他提出必须先除去之,再与溴水反应,请你回答下列问题:
(1)写出甲同学实验中两个主要的化学方程式_____________________________,______________________________。
(2)甲同学设计的实验________(填“能”或“不能”)验证乙炔与溴发生加成反应,其理由是____________(多选扣分)。
(a)使溴水褪色的反应,未必是加成反应
(b)使溴水褪色的反应,就是加成反应
(c)使溴水褪色的物质,未必是乙炔
(d)使溴水褪色的物质,就是乙炔
(3)乙同学推测此乙炔中必定含有的一种杂质气体是________,它与溴水反应的化学方程式是________________________________;在验证过程中必须全部除去。
(4)请你选用下列四个装置(可重复使用)来实现乙同学的实验方案,将它们的编号填入方框,并写出装置内所放的化学药品。
图45―1?
(5)为验证这一反应是加成而不是取代,丙同学提出可用pH试纸来测试反应后溶液的酸性,理由是 。
●案例探究
[例题]将Cl2用导管通入较浓的NaOH和H2O2的混合溶液中,在导管口与混合液的接触处有闪烁的红光出现。这是因为通入Cl2后混合液中产生的ClO-被H2O2还原,发生激烈反应,产生能量较多的氧分子,它立即转变为普通分子,将多余的能量以红光放出。
进行此实验,所用的仪器及导管如图45―2。
图45―2
根据要求填写下列空白:
(1)组装氯气发生器时,应选用的仪器及导管(填写图中编号)是________。
(2)实验进行中,按气流方向从左到右的顺序,气体流经的各仪器及导管的编号依次是________。
(3)仪器①的橡皮塞上应有________个孔,原因是__________________________。
(4)实验时,仪器①中除观察到红光外还有________现象。
(5)实验需用约10%H2O2溶液100 mL,现用市售30%(密度近似为1.0 g?cm-3)H2O2来配制,其具体配制方法是______________________________________________________。
(6)实验时仪器①中ClO-与H2O2反应的离子方程式是____________________________。
命题意图:在给出新信息的前提下,要求组装实验仪器,配制指定溶质质量分数的溶液,根据题目给出的实验主要现象与关键产物,推断其他实验现象,书写离子方程式等。以此考查考生接受和处理新信息的能力,推理、想象能力,以及对某些基本知识和基本实验技能的掌握情况。
知识依托:Cl2、H2O2的性质,化学实验的基本知识。
错解分析:未吃透题给信息,连错实验装置;忽视O2是气体,或受“红光”干扰,答错实验现象;搞不准ClO-氧化H2O2时本身被还原为Cl2、还是Cl-,写错离子方程式。
解题思路:在中学化学教学中,氯气的实验室制法是固液加热的反应,因此组装发生器时应选②③及导管。导管选④还是⑤要考虑整个实验,注意图中明确指出④和⑤都仅有一个,而在整个实验装置中,④要插入①,所以在组装发生器时只能选导管⑤。在回答问题(2)时不要忽略两个导管要用橡皮管连接,因此正确的回答是②⑤⑥④①。问题(3)要注意对于有气体参加或生成的反应的实验装置,一方面要考虑不漏气,检查气密性(包括气体的发生,直到气体参加化学反应之前的装置部分都不应漏气);另一方面也要考虑装置的最后(指气体发生化学反应之后的装置部分),要与大气相通,使多余的气体或反应产生的气体能排出(即放空),否则由于这些气体不能排出,使得装置内压力不断增大会发生爆炸。因此①中橡皮塞上应有2个(或2个以上)孔,以使瓶内外压强相等。由题可知,H2O2作还原剂时其氧化产物为O2。尽管高能的O2转变成普通O2,多余能量以光(红光)形式放出,但O2还是气体,因而实验时仪器①中除观察到红光外还可观察到冒气泡的现象。问题(5)中溶液配制是中学化学实验中最基本操作之一。要注意题目要求具体配制方法,即要说清所取浓溶液的量,用什么量器量取,放入什么容器中,加入多少水稀释和搅拌均匀等配制的全过程。问题(6)Cl2与NaOH(aq)的反应是中学生所熟悉的,又由试题给的信息可知,H2O2与ClO-的反应中产物是O2,由此可推断出强碱介质中H2O2与ClO-反应,H2O2是还原剂,ClO-是氧化剂,其产物只能是Cl-,若为Cl2则仍能与碱反应产生ClO-,直至全部变为Cl-。
答案:(1)③②⑤
(2)②⑤⑥④①
(3)2,使瓶内外压强相等(写出其他合理的与大气相通的方法,如多孔也算对)
(4)冒气泡
(5)用量筒取33(或34) mL 30% H2O2溶液加入烧杯中,再加入67(或66)mL水(或加水稀释至100 mL),搅拌均匀
(6)ClO-+H2O2====Cl-+O2↑+H2O
●锦囊妙计
仪器的组装可按下列顺序而连接:
气体发生装置除杂装置收集装置(或性质验证装置) 尾气吸收装置。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)为了测定乙醇的结构式,有人设计了用无水酒精与钠反应的实验装置和测定氢气体积的装置进行实验。可供选用的实验仪器如图45―3所示。
图45―3
(1)现有纯度为99.5%的乙醇,欲除去其中的水分,得纯净乙醇,下列措施合理的是________
A.蒸馏,收集第一馏分
B.加CuSO4与H2O结合,过滤,收集滤液
C.加CaO与H2O反应,过滤,收集滤液
D.加CaO与H2O反应,蒸馏,收集馏分
(2)预测反应过程中可生成380 mL H2,则合适的装置连接顺序是:________。
2.(★★★)请用下列装置设计一个实验,以测定SO2转化为SO3的转化率:
图45―4
(1)这些装置的连接顺序(按气体从左到右的方向)是________(填各接口的编号)。
(2)实验时甲仪器的作用与原理是 。
3.(★★★★)某种碱式碳酸铜是绿色固体粉末,其组成可表示为Cu2(OH)2CO3?xH2O。在加热的条件下,它在失去结晶水的同时发生分解,反应方程式是:
Cu2(OH)2CO3?xH2O====2CuO+CO2↑+(x+1)H2O
现取一定量该固体样品,不准确称量其质量,用两套仪器装置,先后进行两个实验
实验(Ⅰ):测定该碱式碳酸铜粉末组成结晶水x的值;
实验(Ⅱ):用实验(Ⅰ)结束后的残留固体与乙醇蒸气反应,并检验反应产物。
图45―5
试回答下列问题
(1)现已装配好如图45―5所示一套仪器装置(装置中必要的铁架台、铁夹、铁圈、酒精灯、石棉网在图中均已略去),这套装置是用来完成上述的实验________的(填标号)。
(2)用图45―6所示的仪器(必要的铁架台、铁夹、酒精灯均在图中略去)组装完成另一个实验的实验装置。组装时仪器按气流方向从左到右连接顺序是______________?________________。
在这套实验装置中,干燥管H的作用是________。
图45―6
4.(★★★★★)请从图45―7中选用必要的装置进行电解饱和食盐水的实验,要求测定产生的氢气的体积(大于25 mL),并检验氯气的氧化性。
图45―7
(1)A极发生的电极反应式是____________________,B极发生的电极反应式是______________________。
(2)电源、电流表,与A、B两极的正确连接顺序为:L ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) M
(3)设计上述气体实验装置时,各接口的正确连接顺序是:
( )接( )、( )接A、B接( )、( )接( )