杭十四中二??八学年第二学期期中考试
高二年级英语学科试卷
I.听力(共两节，满分10分）
第一节（共5小题，每题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关问题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is very fond of gardening.
B. She prefers to play in the garden
C. She is not satisfied with her garden.
2. When does the conversation take place?
A. At 5:45
B. At 5:
3. What is the weather usually like in May?
A. It’s colder and rainier. B. It’s cooler and drier. C. It’s hotter and sunnier.
4. What language is mostly used in the man’s classes?
A. The English language. B. The students’ language. C. Both languages in turn.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The nation’s progress. B. Personal and local matters C. Americans’ way of thinking.
第二节（共5小题，每题1分，满分5分）
听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. The use of a machine. B. The trouble of a machine. C. The directions for a machine.
7. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. Something is wrong with the machine.
B. The man can’t operate the machine properly.
C. The woman will help the man with the machine.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. When did this university start?
A. In the 17th century. B. In the 18th century. C. In the 19th century.
9. What once caused the university to close?
A. The Civil War. B. Some women and groups C. The small number of students
10. What do we know about the university?
A. It was the largest in the States then.
B. It only enrolls women and small groups.
C. It will give education to more kinds of people.
Ⅱ.单项选择(共20小题，每题0.5分，满分10分）
11.The
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. 不填; the
12.The book is of great value. _______ can be enjoyed unless you digest it．
A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything
13.The young man we’ve just talked to is a traveler ______ parents visited us last year.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. which
14.Being able to speak another language fluently is a great ______ when you’re looking for a job.
A. chance B. success C. effort D. advantage
15.The ground has been cleared and houses ______ for those homeless people now.
A. build B. have built C. are built D. are being built
16.Only when the war was over ________to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
17.He was busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting.
A. would come B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
18.The nurse found a little boy in the corner of the room, ______ and crying.
A. frightened B. frightening C. being frightened D. having frightened
19.
A. by the time B. at the time C. every time D. in the time
20.My cousin left for
A. wouldn’t see B. hadn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
21._____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. As is required
22.You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
23.―I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s
― _______.
A. Oh, that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that
24.With the world population ______ to increase, our demand for energy is also growing.
A. to continue B. continue C. continuing D. continued
25.―Where is my reference book? It was here a moment ago?
―Someone _____ it by mistake.
A. must have taken B. must take C. should have taken D.could have taken
26.A _____ of $ 2, 000 will be paid to whoever brings back the lost jewellery to its owner.
A. appreciation B. sympathy C. reward D. guarantee
27.The speaker talked about sports in general and about football _______.
A. in particular B. in addition C. in all D. in store
28.What we need is a better transport system, ______, more buses and trains and fewer cars.
A. as a result B. in other words C. as a matter of fact D. by the way
29.I hope the week long holiday will be ______ to your health.
A. steady B. potential C. beneficial D. ambitious
30.When I was looking through my family’s old photos the other day, I ______ a photo of my parents’ wedding.
A. came about B. came after C. came to D. came across
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题，每题1分，满分20分）
Bette Nesmith Graham was a single mother who
lived in
At that time, typewriters used a carbon film
ribbon(打字机色带)，and
it was hard to correct typing 33 on the paper. Graham found a 34 way. She decided that she would do what
painters did to 35 their mistakes ― paint over them. She
took her water-based paint to work,
Her boss never 38 the mistakes. When another secretary asked for some of her 39 correcting liquid, Graham found a bottle at home, wrote "Mistake Out" on a label, and gave it to her. 40 all the other secretaries in the building wanted some, too.
By 1956, Graham’s invention became so 41 that she turned her kitchen into a
laboratory and made bottles of “Mistake Out” using her electric mixer. When 42 grew, Graham changed the name of “Mistake
Out” to “Liquid Paper” and
By 1975, the company Liquid Paper 44 200 people, and was quite successful. Graham 45 the company four years later to Gillette for 46 $ 50 million.
In the late 1970s, Bette Graham 47 the Bette Clair McMurray Foundation to
help women. She described herself
31.A. tough B. simple C. possible D. easy
32.A. manager B. writer C. secretary D. painter
33.A. signs B. letters C. mistakes D. words
34.A. cleaner B. better C. wider D. smoother
35.A. cross out B. get out C. throw away D. cover up
36.A. instead of B. because of C. along with D. away with
37.A. size B. color C. pattern D. quality
38.A. noticed B. remembered C. made D. presented
39.A. special B. clever C. direct D. famous
40.A. Late B. Soon C. Lately D. Nowadays
41.A. suitable B. popular C. bright D. effective
42.A. number B. damage C. complaint D. demand
43.A. applied for B. stand for C. look for D. pay for
44.A. served B. interviewed C. fired D. employed
45.A. enlarge B. change C. sold D. devoted
46.A. merely B. nearly C. hardly D. wholly
47.A. took over B. put off C. turned down D. set up
48.A. as B. into C. like D. of
49.A. oneself B. ourselves C. herself D. yourselves
50.A. fortune B. position C. company D. quantity
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
A
Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries may speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.
The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.
The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.
51.According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?
A. Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.
B. Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.
C. Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings.
D. Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.
52.This passage mainly tells us .
A. that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries
B. what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries
C. why students should use large college edition dictionaries
D. what dictionary students should choose and how to use it
53.Which is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A. How to make good use of a dictionary. B. When to use a dictionary.
C. How to improve spoken English. D. How to practice reading fast.
B
When she
looked ahead, Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body
was numb(全身麻木). She had
been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim
the
On that fourth of July morning in 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense she could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her lone figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the cold sea, she struggled on ---- hour after hour ---- while millions watched on national television.
Alongside
She told a reporter hours later, "Look, I'm not excusing myself, but if I could have seen land I might have made it." It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her. It was the fog. She was unable to see her goal.
Two months later, she tried again. This time, despite the same dense fog, she swam with her goal clearly pictured in her mind. She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it! Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel, eclipsing(超出) the men's record by two hours!
54.Florence Chadwick was the first woman to swim across ________.
A. the
C. the
55.
A. the sharks B. the tiredness C. the cold water D. the bad weather
56.The underlined word “then” in this passage refers to the period when _______.
A. she had swum nearly sixteen hours B. sharks swam toward her
C. she couldn’t see her support boats D. millions of people watched her on TV
57.We can infer from the passage that it was ______ that resulted in her success.
A. her family’s encouragement B. her iron will C. her swimming skills D. the good weather
C
The
The
This is not a quiet place and children are allowed to have fun here. Child safety is extremely important and a member of staff remains by the front door at all times. Also, note the “Code of Behavior” notice, which includes: children under 12 must be supervised by an adult; no eating in the galleries and no running.
Toy exhibits are in glass cases and there are plenty of low-level exhibits for younger children to see. The glass cases have lots of thought-inspiring questions on them to encourage discussion between adults and children. When you or the children need some quiet time, there are sofas at either end of the second floor with reading books available.
Pros: Many free activities for kids
Cons: Can be too warm inside
Visit Duration: 1.5 hours
Opening Hours: 10:
The Museum is closed on 25 and 26 December and 1 January every year.
Admission: Admission the Museum is free. There is a small charge for some activities.
58.In the
A. people can reach any floor by elevator B. there are sofas at either end of the first floor
C. there are exhibits on the museum history D. the Information Desk can be found on each floor
59.The Museum of Childhood may be attractive to _______.
A. parents who only have children under 12 B. children who are fond of toy exhibits
C. parents and children who need quiet time D. kids who like playing games with their parents
60.What is the disadvantage of the museum?
A. Low-level exhibits are too boring. B. Children may feel slightly hot in it.
C. Parents have to stay with their kids. D. No staff members attend to the kids.
61.What information can we get about the museum?
A.
All the activities for children are free. B.
The museum is located in west
C. Children are allowed to enter after 5:30. D. The museum is unavailable on Christmas Day.
D
A quick look at the lengths of children’s index and ring fingers can be used to predict how well students will perform in education tests, new research claims.
Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school, while children with the reverse finger-length ratio are likely to have higher reading and writing, or verbal, scores versus(与......相对) math scores.
Scientists have known that different levels of the hormones testosterone(雄性激素)and estrogen (雌性激素) in the womb(子宫) account for the different finger lengths, which are a reflection of areas of the brain that are more highly developed than others, said psychologist Mark Brosnan of the University of Bath in Britain, who led the study.
Exposure to testosterone in the womb is said to promote development of areas of the brain often associated with spatial(空间的) and mathematical skills, he said. That hormone makes the ring finger longer. Estrogen exposure does the same for areas of the brain associated with verbal ability and tends to lengthen the index finger relative to the ring finger.
To test the link to children's scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test, Brosnan and his colleagues made photocopies of children's palms and measured the length of their index and ring fingers. They used the finger-length ratios as a proxy(参照指标) for the levels of testosterone and estrogen exposure.
The researchers then looked at boys' and girls' test performances separately and compared them to finger-length ratio measurements. They found a clear link between high prenatal testosterone exposure, indicated by the longer ring finger compared to the index finger, and higher scores on the math SAT.
Similarly, they found higher literacy SAT scores for the girls among those who had lower prenatal testosterone exposure, as indicated by a shorter ring finger compared with the index finger.
62.It’s likely that if a Chinese child with a longer index finger than his ring finger, he will probably get good marks in ______.
A. math B. physics C. chemistry D. Chinese
63.The underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph Two probably means_______.
A. similar B. opposite C. indifferent D. strange
64.What can make your index finger longer than your ring finger according to the research?
A. Estrogen. B. Testosterone. C. Vitamin. D. Vegetables.
65.Which of the following statements is NOT correct in the passage?
A. A child with a longer index finger than his ring finger will fail in the math exam.
B. Girls with shorter ring fingers get higher literacy SAT scores.
C. Kids with longer ring fingers are likely to have higher math scores.
D. The length of the finger has something to do with hormones.
第二节: 任务型阅读
Phyllis、Chris、Dora、Fred 和William 准备去市图书馆查阅资料。第66 至夜70 题是他们各自的情况介绍。阅读下面六本参考书的简介(A、B、C、D、E 和F)，选出符合各人需要的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。
_____ 66. Phyllis is a lecturer of English.
Her recent research is mainly about the changes of the English language in the
world. She is looking for a book that describes the varieties of English in different
parts of the world, particularly in
_____ 67. Chris, a college student of biology, is preparing his term paper. While he is reading some research papers written in English, he comes across many new technical words. He wants to look up those words in a dictionary.
_____ 68. Dora plans to start her own business, but she needs to know more about how to run a business, such as how to choose qualified people, how to make a budget, and how to increase sales.
_____ 69. Fred is a senior student of English. For his term paper, he’ll write about the differences between British English and American English in spelling and usage. He is looking for a reference book.
_____ 70. William is a young researcher in the field of earth sciences. At present, he is writing a research paper on environmental protection for an English magazine. He wants to make sure his paper is written in the correct style.
A. Successful Executive’s Handbook
This book is an important resource to support businessmen, giving them useful suggestions about business management. A special section provides a comprehensive list of the best books, seminars and websites designed specifically for CEOs. The Handbook will help you: create a clear business vision; plan for self-development; attract & develop talent for your company; develop a global perspective.
B. Roget’s International Thesaurus
This dictionary features thousands of new words and phrases, including the newest slang words and expressions that color and inform everyday language. It includes more than 330,000 words and phrases organized into 1,075 categories, thousands of cross-references as well as hundreds of quotations that further explain the meanings of selected words.
C. A British-American American-British Dictionary
Easy to read，the dictionary explains clearly differences in vocabulary，usage, pronunciation, and spelling. It also explains the history of English language and how and why differences between American and British English arose. The most thorough book of its kind, it contains more than 2,500 entries of British and American English words.
D. Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers
This is a self-instruction book for academic, personal, business, and public audience writing. The book covers writing college-level essays, source-based arguments, and research paper; thinking and reading critically; using documentation style correctly; designing documents; writing for the Web; writing for business, writing about literature, etc.
E. A Dictionary of the Roots and Combining Forms of Scientific Words
This dictionary is useful to students from many fields, particular1y those from medical and biological backgrounds. Within this book are over 12, 800 entries, plus some common terms for animals, plants and structures, activities and habitats; shapes, sizes, colors, textures, patterns, numbers , quantity, direction and location, etc.
F. The Story of English
The book offers a wide-ranging account of the
travels and changes of the English tongue from its beginnings to tomorrow, from
V.书面表达（满分20分）
中学生相互交流的途径很多。请你围绕“Ways to share opinions with each other”这一话题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：
1．相互交流的途径：讨论、打电话、使用网络等
2．我的做法及理由：……
注意：词数 100 ~ 120，文章的开头已给出（不计词数）。
There are various ways for us middle school students to share opinions with each other.
附加题 （满分20分）
VI.课文填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）
根据所学课文内容及所给单词的首字母，写出各单词正确的完全形式。
A
In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger p 71___ and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been w 72 it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not s 73 . So don’t feel sorry for the d 74 or make fun of them, and don’t ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them e 75 to live as rich and full a life as you do.
B
I was a 76 as a volcanologist working for the
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting
information for a database about
VII.短文改错
假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的作文。文中共有十处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个词。
增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改十处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mr. Donforth,
I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit.
I’ve heard that you have been to
高二年级英语学科试卷评分细则
I.听力(共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）
1―5 ACBAC 6―10 ABBAC
II.单项选择(共20小题，每题0.5分，满分10分）
11―15 BABDD 16―20 ABACC 21―25 CBDCA 26―30 CABCD
III.完形填空(共20小题，每题1分，满分20分）
31―35 ACCBD 36―40 CBAAB 41―45 BDADC 46―50 BDACA
IV.阅读理解(共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
51―55 BDCBD 56―60 ABABB 61―65 DDBAA 66―70 FEACD
V.书面表达（满分20分）
One possible student version:
There are various ways for us middle school students to share opinions with each other. One way is to hold discussions, where we can freely exchange our views. We can also make use of the phone and the Internet. Making phone calls is very convenient, yet sending messages is more popular among us. Sometimes, we can send each other emails, in which more information can be included and we can express our opinions more clearly.
Personally, I think talking face to face is the best way to share opinions. In this way, I can express myself more comfortably. Meanwhile, I can sense how others feel and learn what they think. With the help of body language, I can make myself better understood.
附加题
VI. 课文填空(共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）
71. psychologically 72. worth 73. satisfying 74. disabled 75. encouragement
76. appointed 77. evaluated 78. scientists 79. path 80. Unfortunately
VII.短文改错((共10处错误，每处1分，满分10分）
Dear Mr. Donforth,
I’m writing to ask you come
to our class for a visit. I’ve heard that you have been to
∧to
unit, we have
been learning about it’s rich culture and long history. Since you have
visited
its
so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings here. We have learned a lot from the text book,
去掉so there
but I
believe you personal experience will be a lot of better. Your knowledges
of
your 去掉of knowledge
Could you share you experiences for us? It will be surely exciting and rewarding. I hoped that you think about my
with hope
request and visit us as soon as possibly.
possible
听力原文
Text 1
M: Gardening's too much like hard work for me. If I have time to spare, I like to play tennis or go for long country walks.
W: Well, I think of gardening as play, not as work. I'm never as happy as when I’m busy in the garden.
Text 2
W: When is our plane to take off?
M: At half past five.
W: Oh dear! That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through customs and check our baggage.
Text 3
W: What a hot day! Do you always have weather like this in May?
M: Generally it's much better than this. And I can't remember when we had such a rainy day.
Text 4
W: To teach those students English, do you have to speak their language quite well?
M: No. quite the contrary. They benefit most when the class is organized entirely in the foreign language.
Text 5
W: Americans tend to think from the particular and small to the general and large.
M: For example?
W: We've just seen an example of this in the fact that they progress from personal and local matters to the state and finally the nation ― not the other way around.
Text 6
M: This machine drives me mad.
W: How come?
M: Well, most of the time, it's fine. I rent a movie and I put it in and press ON. But the other day, I wanted to program it, like, to record a show. So, I read the directions. And I followed them exactly, you know, step by step, but then, nothing. It didn't record.
W: Is there anything wrong with the machine?
M: With the machine? No. There’s something wrong with me. I’m no good with, like, electronic equipment.
Text 10
M: Good
morning, and I'd like to welcome all of you to the
高三化学攻关三十六法之――实验安全
实验安全是化学实验的重要内容，因实验时常被忽视，使相关考题具有了一定难度。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目，然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
下列关于实验的基本操作及安全知识的叙述，正确的是(填序号)________。
A.将玻璃管折断时，须将挫痕向外，拇指在内，其余四指在外，用三分推力、七分拉力折断玻璃管
B.附着于试管内壁上的硫，可用热碱液洗涤
C.干燥SO2时，可以将其通过盛有浓H2SO4的U型干燥管
D.切割白磷时，必须用镊子夹取，置于桌面的玻璃片上，小心用小刀切割
E.实验时，万一酒精被打翻引起酒精燃烧，应立即用湿布盖住火焰
F.万一金属镁失火燃烧，不可用CO2扑灭，但可用CCl4扑灭
●案例探究
[例题]在一定条件下用普通铁粉和水蒸气反应，可以得到铁的氧化物，该氧化物又可以经过此反应的逆反应，生成颗粒很细的铁粉。这种铁粉具有很高的反应活性，在空气中受撞击或受热时会燃烧，所以俗称“引火铁”。请分别用图43―1中示意的两套仪器装置，制取上述铁的氧化物和“引火铁”。实验中必须使用普通铁粉和6 mol?L－1盐酸，其他试剂自选(装置中必要的铁架台、铁夹、铁圈、石棉网、加热设备等在图中均已略去)。
图43―1
填写下列空白：
(1)实验进行时试管A中应加入的试剂是________；烧瓶B的作用是________；烧瓶C的作用是________；在试管D中收集得到的是________。
(2)实验时，U型管G中应加入的试剂是________；长颈漏斗H中应加入________。
(3)两套装置中，在实验时需要加热的仪器是(填该仪器对应的字母)________。
(4)烧瓶Ⅰ中发生的反应有时要加入少量硫酸铜溶液，其目的是________。
(5)试管E中发生反应的化学方程式是________。
(6)为了安全，在E管中的反应发生前，在F出口处必须________；E管中的反应开始后，在F出口处应________。
命题意图：考查学生区分并选择实验装置完成化学实验、解决实验问题的能力。
知识依托：H2的制法、除杂、干燥及有关性质，Fe与H2O(g)的反应，原电池原理，实验安全常识。
错解分析：不能区分两套装置而错解，不了解原电池原理而错解，不了解实验安全装置而错解。
解题思路：有关反应为：①3Fe＋4H2O(g)
Fe3O4＋4H2↑，②Fe3O4＋4H23Fe＋4H2O，③Zn＋2HCl====ZnCl2＋H2↑。
题中两个装置图，非常相似，因此具有一定迷惑性。由于图(1)中长颈漏斗和烧瓶可产生H2，因而此装置适合反应②的发生(突破口)。所以A中放置的是Fe粉。那么B中必须盛水，且应予以加热，以产生水蒸气，使①反应发生。显然，当B中出气不均，发生倒吸时，C的作用显露出来：安全瓶。D中应为H2。若用C来提供水蒸气，则水蒸气无法到达A中，因为从C向右装置密封。
产生的H2中混有H2O(g)和HCl气体是显然的，G中应加碱性干燥剂，为减少HCl的挥发，H中应加稀盐酸。制取H2时，加入CuSO4，活泼金属与被置换出并覆盖在其表面上的Cu形成原电池可加快产出H2的速率。
F处导出的H2，应予以验纯，否则点燃酒精灯加热E，可能发生爆炸。
答案：(1)Fe粉 用来产生H2O(g) 防止倒吸(或用作安全瓶) H2
(2)NaOH(s)(或碱石灰、CaO等碱性固体干燥剂) 6 mol?L－1 HCl(aq)
(3)A、B、E
(4)加快H2产生速率
(5)Fe3O4＋4H2=====3Fe＋4H2O
(6)收集并检验H2纯度 点燃H2
●锦囊妙计
常见实验安全装置有以下几种：
1.防倒吸安全装置
图43―2
2.防堵塞安全装置
图43―3
3.防倒火安全装置
图43―4
4.防污染安全装置
图43―5
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)进行化学实验，必须注意安全，下列说法正确的是(填写标号)________。
A.不慎将酸溅到眼中，应立即用水冲洗，边洗边眨眼睛
B.不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上，要立即用大量水冲洗，然后涂上硼酸溶液
C.如果苯酚浓液沾到皮肤上，应立即用酒精洗
D.配制硫酸溶液时，可先在量筒内加入一定体积的水，再在搅拌下慢慢加入浓硫酸
2.(★★★★)工业上生产盐酸，必须先合成氯化氢气体，生产中得到的氯化氢气体中或多或少都会含有生成氯化氢的一种反应物，将该混合物用蒸水吸收可得一定浓度的纯盐酸，此过程中逸出的气体可以循环利用。
(1)写出工业电解食盐水制取H2和Cl2的化学方程式：________。
(2)工业上要得到纯盐酸并保障工人工作安全，如何合成氯化氢是关键的一步。则下列合成氯化氢气体的方法能达到生产目的的是________。
A.点燃H2和Cl2的混合物，二者体积(标准状况下测定)比为1∶1最合适。
B.点燃H2和Cl2的混合物，二者体积(同温同压下测定)比不应为1∶1。
C.纯净的H2在过量的Cl2中安静地燃烧。
D.纯净的Cl2在过量的H2中安静地燃烧。
3.(★★★★)已知H2的爆炸极限是4.0%~74%(体积分数)。某H2中含有0.8%(体积分数)的O2，甲学生用它还原CuO，设计了如图43―6所示装置(夹持装置已略去)：
图43―6
请回答下列问题：
(1)实验开始，应将酒精灯放在a管的________
A.左端 B.中间 C.右端
然后，使酒精灯缓缓向另一端移动，以保证CuO完全被还原。
(2)a管右端略向下倾斜的原因是_______________。
a管中石棉绒的作用是 。
b管中Cu网的作用是 。
(3)经观察黑色CuO已完全变为红色，能否表明CuO已完全被还原为Cu，为什么？
4.(★★★★★)1，2―二溴乙烷可作汽油抗爆剂的添加剂。常温下它是无色液体，密度为2.18 g?mL－1，沸点为131.4℃，熔点为9.79℃，不溶于水，易溶于醇、醚、丙酮等有机溶剂。在实验室中可以用如图43―7所示装置制备1，2―二溴乙烷。其中分液漏斗和烧瓶a中装有乙醇和浓硫酸的混合液，试管d中装有液溴(表面覆盖少量水)。
图43―7
填写下列空白：
(1)写出本题中制备1，2―二溴乙烷的两个化学反应方程式① ，② 。
(2)安全瓶b可以防止倒吸，并可以检查实验进行时试管d是否发生堵塞。请写出发生堵塞时瓶b中的现象： 。
(3)容器c中NaOH溶液的作用是：_____________。
(4)某学生在做此实验时，使用一定量的液溴，当溴全部褪色时，所消耗乙醇和浓硫酸混合液的量，比正常情况下超出许多。如果装置的气密性没有问题，试分析其可能的原因。
