高三化学攻关三十六法之――喷泉实验
喷泉实验，是高考常考内容，题型的设计屡有创新，难度在变化中递增。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目，然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
如图42―1所示，甲学生在烧瓶中充满O2，并在反匙燃烧匙中加入一种白色固体物质，欲做O2的喷泉实验。实验开始后，用凸透镜将日光聚焦于反匙燃烧匙中的固体，燃烧匙内出现一阵火光和白烟。等一会儿，打开橡皮管上的止水夹。甲理论分析认为，应该看到有美丽的喷泉发生。结果实验成功了。请问他在反匙燃烧匙中加入了什么物质？
●案例探究
[例题]都能用图42―2装置进行喷泉实验的一组气
体是 图42―1
图42―2
A.HCl和CO2 B.NH3和CH4
C.SO2和CO2 D.NO2和NO
命题意图：考查学生对喷泉实验形成的根本原因的认识。
知识依托：理化交叉。物理方面，产生一定的压强差就能形成喷泉；化学方面，溶解与反应可使气体大量地减少。
错解分析：忽视NaOH(aq)可以吸收酸性气体，而产生喷泉，对A不敢确定，并且漏选C。
解题思路：首先要明确在装置中可以形成“喷泉”的原因。只要从滴管挤入的液体或溶液，能将烧瓶内的气体大量溶解或与之反应，使烧瓶内气体大量地减少，造成烧瓶内处于低压状态，此时，打开止水夹，烧杯内的液体或溶液将受大气压的影响迅速涌入烧瓶内，形成美丽的喷泉。
题中，HCl、CO2、NH3、SO2、NO2都能完全溶于NaOH(aq)：
NaOH＋HCl====NaCl＋H2O 2NaOH＋CO2====Na2CO3＋H2O
NaOH＋CO2====NaHCO3 2NaOH＋SO2====Na2SO3＋H2O
NaOH＋SO2====NaHSO3 2NaOH＋2NO2====NaNO3＋NaNO2＋H2O
由此进行组合，可知答案。
答案：AC
●锦囊妙计
1.形成喷泉的组合
(1)NH3、HCl、SO2、NO2与水组合能形成喷泉。
(2)酸性气体与NaOH(aq)组合能形成喷泉。
(3)有机气体与有机溶剂组合也能形成喷泉。
(4)O2、N2、H2等不溶于水的气体，设计一定实验条件将其反应掉，也能形成喷泉。
2.喷泉的计算
根据充入烧瓶中液体的体积可以计算烧瓶内所盛气体的纯度或平均式量。
3.喷泉的设计
关键是如何使烧瓶内的气体大量地减少。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)在体积为1 L的干燥烧瓶中，用排空气法充入HCl气体后，测得烧瓶中气体对氧气的相对密度为1.082，以此气体进行喷泉实验，当喷泉停止后，进入烧瓶中的液体体积是
A.
L B.
L C.
L D.全满
2.(★★★★)如图43―3，同温同压下，两个等体积的干燥圆底烧瓶中分别充满①NH3、②NO2，进行喷泉实验。经充分反应后，瓶内溶液的物质的量浓度为
A.①＞② B.①＜② C.①=② D.不能确定
图42―3
3.(★★★★)喷泉是一种常见的自然现象，其产生原因是存在压强差。
(1)图42―4为化学教学中所用的喷泉实验装置。在烧瓶中充满干燥气体，胶头滴管及烧杯中分别盛有液体。下列组合中不可能形成喷泉的是
A.HCl和H2O
BNO2和H2O
C.NH3和H2O
DNCO2和NaOH(aq)
(2)某学生积极思考产生喷泉的其他办法，并设计了如图42―5所示的装置。 图42―4
①在图42―5的锥形瓶中，分别加入足量的下列物质，反应后可能产生喷泉的是
A.Cu与稀盐酸 B.NaHCO3与NaOH(aq)
C.CaCO3与稀硫酸 D.NH4HCO3与稀盐酸
②在图42―5锥形瓶外放一水槽，锥形瓶中加入酒精，水槽中加入冰水后，再加入足量的下列物质，结果也产生了喷泉。水槽中加入的物质可以是
A.浓硫酸 B.食盐
C.硝酸钾 D.硫酸铜
这种方法产生喷泉的原理是____________。
③比较图42―4和图42―5两套装置，从产生喷泉的原理来分析，图42―5是___________上部烧瓶内气体压强，图42―5是___________下部锥形瓶内气体压强(均填“增大”或“减小”)。 图42―5
(3)城市中常见的人造喷泉及火山爆发的原理与上述___________(填图42―4或图42―5)装置的原理相似。
4.(★★★★★)制取氨气并完成喷泉实验。
图42―6 图42―7
(1)写出实验室制取NH3的化学方程式： 。
(2)收集NH3应使用________法，要得到干燥的NH3可选用________做干燥剂。
(3)用图42―6装置进行喷泉实验，上部烧瓶已装满干燥NH3，引发水上喷的操作是________；该实验的原理是 。
(4)如果只提供如图42―7的装置，请说明引发喷泉的方法 。
杭十四中二??八学年第二学期期中考试
高二年级英语学科试卷
I.听力(共两节，满分10分）
第一节（共5小题，每题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关问题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is very fond of gardening.
B. She prefers to play in the garden
C. She is not satisfied with her garden.
2. When does the conversation take place?
A. At 5:45
B. At 5:
3. What is the weather usually like in May?
A. It’s colder and rainier. B. It’s cooler and drier. C. It’s hotter and sunnier.
4. What language is mostly used in the man’s classes?
A. The English language. B. The students’ language. C. Both languages in turn.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The nation’s progress. B. Personal and local matters C. Americans’ way of thinking.
第二节（共5小题，每题1分，满分5分）
听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. The use of a machine. B. The trouble of a machine. C. The directions for a machine.
7. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. Something is wrong with the machine.
B. The man can’t operate the machine properly.
C. The woman will help the man with the machine.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. When did this university start?
A. In the 17th century. B. In the 18th century. C. In the 19th century.
9. What once caused the university to close?
A. The Civil War. B. Some women and groups C. The small number of students
10. What do we know about the university?
A. It was the largest in the States then.
B. It only enrolls women and small groups.
C. It will give education to more kinds of people.
Ⅱ.单项选择(共20小题，每题0.5分，满分10分）
11.The
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. 不填; the
12.The book is of great value. _______ can be enjoyed unless you digest it．
A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything
13.The young man we’ve just talked to is a traveler ______ parents visited us last year.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. which
14.Being able to speak another language fluently is a great ______ when you’re looking for a job.
A. chance B. success C. effort D. advantage
15.The ground has been cleared and houses ______ for those homeless people now.
A. build B. have built C. are built D. are being built
16.Only when the war was over ________to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
17.He was busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting.
A. would come B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
18.The nurse found a little boy in the corner of the room, ______ and crying.
A. frightened B. frightening C. being frightened D. having frightened
19.
A. by the time B. at the time C. every time D. in the time
20.My cousin left for
A. wouldn’t see B. hadn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
21._____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. As is required
22.You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
23.―I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s
― _______.
A. Oh, that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that
24.With the world population ______ to increase, our demand for energy is also growing.
A. to continue B. continue C. continuing D. continued
25.―Where is my reference book? It was here a moment ago?
―Someone _____ it by mistake.
A. must have taken B. must take C. should have taken D.could have taken
26.A _____ of $ 2, 000 will be paid to whoever brings back the lost jewellery to its owner.
A. appreciation B. sympathy C. reward D. guarantee
27.The speaker talked about sports in general and about football _______.
A. in particular B. in addition C. in all D. in store
28.What we need is a better transport system, ______, more buses and trains and fewer cars.
A. as a result B. in other words C. as a matter of fact D. by the way
29.I hope the week long holiday will be ______ to your health.
A. steady B. potential C. beneficial D. ambitious
30.When I was looking through my family’s old photos the other day, I ______ a photo of my parents’ wedding.
A. came about B. came after C. came to D. came across
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题，每题1分，满分20分）
Bette Nesmith Graham was a single mother who
lived in
At that time, typewriters used a carbon film
ribbon(打字机色带)，and
it was hard to correct typing 33 on the paper. Graham found a 34 way. She decided that she would do what
painters did to 35 their mistakes ― paint over them. She
took her water-based paint to work,
Her boss never 38 the mistakes. When another secretary asked for some of her 39 correcting liquid, Graham found a bottle at home, wrote "Mistake Out" on a label, and gave it to her. 40 all the other secretaries in the building wanted some, too.
By 1956, Graham’s invention became so 41 that she turned her kitchen into a
laboratory and made bottles of “Mistake Out” using her electric mixer. When 42 grew, Graham changed the name of “Mistake
Out” to “Liquid Paper” and
By 1975, the company Liquid Paper 44 200 people, and was quite successful. Graham 45 the company four years later to Gillette for 46 $ 50 million.
In the late 1970s, Bette Graham 47 the Bette Clair McMurray Foundation to
help women. She described herself
31.A. tough B. simple C. possible D. easy
32.A. manager B. writer C. secretary D. painter
33.A. signs B. letters C. mistakes D. words
34.A. cleaner B. better C. wider D. smoother
35.A. cross out B. get out C. throw away D. cover up
36.A. instead of B. because of C. along with D. away with
37.A. size B. color C. pattern D. quality
38.A. noticed B. remembered C. made D. presented
39.A. special B. clever C. direct D. famous
40.A. Late B. Soon C. Lately D. Nowadays
41.A. suitable B. popular C. bright D. effective
42.A. number B. damage C. complaint D. demand
43.A. applied for B. stand for C. look for D. pay for
44.A. served B. interviewed C. fired D. employed
45.A. enlarge B. change C. sold D. devoted
46.A. merely B. nearly C. hardly D. wholly
47.A. took over B. put off C. turned down D. set up
48.A. as B. into C. like D. of
49.A. oneself B. ourselves C. herself D. yourselves
50.A. fortune B. position C. company D. quantity
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
A
Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries may speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.
The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.
The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check this in a dictionary.
51.According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?
A. Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.
B. Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.
C. Small two-language dictionaries have serious shortcomings.
D. Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.
52.This passage mainly tells us .
A. that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries
B. what were the shortcomings of small two-language dictionaries
C. why students should use large college edition dictionaries
D. what dictionary students should choose and how to use it
53.Which is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A. How to make good use of a dictionary. B. When to use a dictionary.
C. How to improve spoken English. D. How to practice reading fast.
B
When she
looked ahead, Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body
was numb(全身麻木). She had
been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim
the
On that fourth of July morning in 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense she could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her lone figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the cold sea, she struggled on ---- hour after hour ---- while millions watched on national television.
Alongside
She told a reporter hours later, "Look, I'm not excusing myself, but if I could have seen land I might have made it." It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her. It was the fog. She was unable to see her goal.
Two months later, she tried again. This time, despite the same dense fog, she swam with her goal clearly pictured in her mind. She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it! Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel, eclipsing(超出) the men's record by two hours!
54.Florence Chadwick was the first woman to swim across ________.
A. the
C. the
55.
A. the sharks B. the tiredness C. the cold water D. the bad weather
56.The underlined word “then” in this passage refers to the period when _______.
A. she had swum nearly sixteen hours B. sharks swam toward her
C. she couldn’t see her support boats D. millions of people watched her on TV
57.We can infer from the passage that it was ______ that resulted in her success.
A. her family’s encouragement B. her iron will C. her swimming skills D. the good weather
C
The
The
This is not a quiet place and children are allowed to have fun here. Child safety is extremely important and a member of staff remains by the front door at all times. Also, note the “Code of Behavior” notice, which includes: children under 12 must be supervised by an adult; no eating in the galleries and no running.
Toy exhibits are in glass cases and there are plenty of low-level exhibits for younger children to see. The glass cases have lots of thought-inspiring questions on them to encourage discussion between adults and children. When you or the children need some quiet time, there are sofas at either end of the second floor with reading books available.
Pros: Many free activities for kids
Cons: Can be too warm inside
Visit Duration: 1.5 hours
Opening Hours: 10:
The Museum is closed on 25 and 26 December and 1 January every year.
Admission: Admission the Museum is free. There is a small charge for some activities.
58.In the
A. people can reach any floor by elevator B. there are sofas at either end of the first floor
C. there are exhibits on the museum history D. the Information Desk can be found on each floor
59.The Museum of Childhood may be attractive to _______.
A. parents who only have children under 12 B. children who are fond of toy exhibits
C. parents and children who need quiet time D. kids who like playing games with their parents
60.What is the disadvantage of the museum?
A. Low-level exhibits are too boring. B. Children may feel slightly hot in it.
C. Parents have to stay with their kids. D. No staff members attend to the kids.
61.What information can we get about the museum?
A.
All the activities for children are free. B.
The museum is located in west
C. Children are allowed to enter after 5:30. D. The museum is unavailable on Christmas Day.
D
A quick look at the lengths of children’s index and ring fingers can be used to predict how well students will perform in education tests, new research claims.
Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school, while children with the reverse finger-length ratio are likely to have higher reading and writing, or verbal, scores versus(与......相对) math scores.
Scientists have known that different levels of the hormones testosterone(雄性激素)and estrogen (雌性激素) in the womb(子宫) account for the different finger lengths, which are a reflection of areas of the brain that are more highly developed than others, said psychologist Mark Brosnan of the University of Bath in Britain, who led the study.
Exposure to testosterone in the womb is said to promote development of areas of the brain often associated with spatial(空间的) and mathematical skills, he said. That hormone makes the ring finger longer. Estrogen exposure does the same for areas of the brain associated with verbal ability and tends to lengthen the index finger relative to the ring finger.
To test the link to children's scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test, Brosnan and his colleagues made photocopies of children's palms and measured the length of their index and ring fingers. They used the finger-length ratios as a proxy(参照指标) for the levels of testosterone and estrogen exposure.
The researchers then looked at boys' and girls' test performances separately and compared them to finger-length ratio measurements. They found a clear link between high prenatal testosterone exposure, indicated by the longer ring finger compared to the index finger, and higher scores on the math SAT.
Similarly, they found higher literacy SAT scores for the girls among those who had lower prenatal testosterone exposure, as indicated by a shorter ring finger compared with the index finger.
62.It’s likely that if a Chinese child with a longer index finger than his ring finger, he will probably get good marks in ______.
A. math B. physics C. chemistry D. Chinese
63.The underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph Two probably means_______.
A. similar B. opposite C. indifferent D. strange
64.What can make your index finger longer than your ring finger according to the research?
A. Estrogen. B. Testosterone. C. Vitamin. D. Vegetables.
65.Which of the following statements is NOT correct in the passage?
A. A child with a longer index finger than his ring finger will fail in the math exam.
B. Girls with shorter ring fingers get higher literacy SAT scores.
C. Kids with longer ring fingers are likely to have higher math scores.
D. The length of the finger has something to do with hormones.
第二节: 任务型阅读
Phyllis、Chris、Dora、Fred 和William 准备去市图书馆查阅资料。第66 至夜70 题是他们各自的情况介绍。阅读下面六本参考书的简介(A、B、C、D、E 和F)，选出符合各人需要的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。
_____ 66. Phyllis is a lecturer of English.
Her recent research is mainly about the changes of the English language in the
world. She is looking for a book that describes the varieties of English in different
parts of the world, particularly in
_____ 67. Chris, a college student of biology, is preparing his term paper. While he is reading some research papers written in English, he comes across many new technical words. He wants to look up those words in a dictionary.
_____ 68. Dora plans to start her own business, but she needs to know more about how to run a business, such as how to choose qualified people, how to make a budget, and how to increase sales.
_____ 69. Fred is a senior student of English. For his term paper, he’ll write about the differences between British English and American English in spelling and usage. He is looking for a reference book.
_____ 70. William is a young researcher in the field of earth sciences. At present, he is writing a research paper on environmental protection for an English magazine. He wants to make sure his paper is written in the correct style.
A. Successful Executive’s Handbook
This book is an important resource to support businessmen, giving them useful suggestions about business management. A special section provides a comprehensive list of the best books, seminars and websites designed specifically for CEOs. The Handbook will help you: create a clear business vision; plan for self-development; attract & develop talent for your company; develop a global perspective.
B. Roget’s International Thesaurus
This dictionary features thousands of new words and phrases, including the newest slang words and expressions that color and inform everyday language. It includes more than 330,000 words and phrases organized into 1,075 categories, thousands of cross-references as well as hundreds of quotations that further explain the meanings of selected words.
C. A British-American American-British Dictionary
Easy to read，the dictionary explains clearly differences in vocabulary，usage, pronunciation, and spelling. It also explains the history of English language and how and why differences between American and British English arose. The most thorough book of its kind, it contains more than 2,500 entries of British and American English words.
D. Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers
This is a self-instruction book for academic, personal, business, and public audience writing. The book covers writing college-level essays, source-based arguments, and research paper; thinking and reading critically; using documentation style correctly; designing documents; writing for the Web; writing for business, writing about literature, etc.
E. A Dictionary of the Roots and Combining Forms of Scientific Words
This dictionary is useful to students from many fields, particular1y those from medical and biological backgrounds. Within this book are over 12, 800 entries, plus some common terms for animals, plants and structures, activities and habitats; shapes, sizes, colors, textures, patterns, numbers , quantity, direction and location, etc.
F. The Story of English
The book offers a wide-ranging account of the
travels and changes of the English tongue from its beginnings to tomorrow, from
V.书面表达（满分20分）
中学生相互交流的途径很多。请你围绕“Ways to share opinions with each other”这一话题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：
1．相互交流的途径：讨论、打电话、使用网络等
2．我的做法及理由：……
注意：词数 100 ~ 120，文章的开头已给出（不计词数）。
There are various ways for us middle school students to share opinions with each other.
附加题 （满分20分）
VI.课文填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）
根据所学课文内容及所给单词的首字母，写出各单词正确的完全形式。
A
In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger p 71___ and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been w 72 it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not s 73 . So don’t feel sorry for the d 74 or make fun of them, and don’t ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them e 75 to live as rich and full a life as you do.
B
I was a 76 as a volcanologist working for the
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting
information for a database about
VII.短文改错
假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的作文。文中共有十处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个词。
增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改十处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mr. Donforth,
I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit.
I’ve heard that you have been to
高二年级英语学科试卷评分细则
I.听力(共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）
1―5 ACBAC 6―10 ABBAC
II.单项选择(共20小题，每题0.5分，满分10分）
11―15 BABDD 16―20 ABACC 21―25 CBDCA 26―30 CABCD
III.完形填空(共20小题，每题1分，满分20分）
31―35 ACCBD 36―40 CBAAB 41―45 BDADC 46―50 BDACA
IV.阅读理解(共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
51―55 BDCBD 56―60 ABABB 61―65 DDBAA 66―70 FEACD
V.书面表达（满分20分）
One possible student version:
There are various ways for us middle school students to share opinions with each other. One way is to hold discussions, where we can freely exchange our views. We can also make use of the phone and the Internet. Making phone calls is very convenient, yet sending messages is more popular among us. Sometimes, we can send each other emails, in which more information can be included and we can express our opinions more clearly.
Personally, I think talking face to face is the best way to share opinions. In this way, I can express myself more comfortably. Meanwhile, I can sense how others feel and learn what they think. With the help of body language, I can make myself better understood.
附加题
VI. 课文填空(共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）
71. psychologically 72. worth 73. satisfying 74. disabled 75. encouragement
76. appointed 77. evaluated 78. scientists 79. path 80. Unfortunately
VII.短文改错((共10处错误，每处1分，满分10分）
Dear Mr. Donforth,
I’m writing to ask you come
to our class for a visit. I’ve heard that you have been to
∧to
unit, we have
been learning about it’s rich culture and long history. Since you have
visited
its
so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings here. We have learned a lot from the text book,
去掉so there
but I
believe you personal experience will be a lot of better. Your knowledges
of
your 去掉of knowledge
Could you share you experiences for us? It will be surely exciting and rewarding. I hoped that you think about my
with hope
request and visit us as soon as possibly.
possible
听力原文
Text 1
M: Gardening's too much like hard work for me. If I have time to spare, I like to play tennis or go for long country walks.
W: Well, I think of gardening as play, not as work. I'm never as happy as when I’m busy in the garden.
Text 2
W: When is our plane to take off?
M: At half past five.
W: Oh dear! That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through customs and check our baggage.
Text 3
W: What a hot day! Do you always have weather like this in May?
M: Generally it's much better than this. And I can't remember when we had such a rainy day.
Text 4
W: To teach those students English, do you have to speak their language quite well?
M: No. quite the contrary. They benefit most when the class is organized entirely in the foreign language.
Text 5
W: Americans tend to think from the particular and small to the general and large.
M: For example?
W: We've just seen an example of this in the fact that they progress from personal and local matters to the state and finally the nation ― not the other way around.
Text 6
M: This machine drives me mad.
W: How come?
M: Well, most of the time, it's fine. I rent a movie and I put it in and press ON. But the other day, I wanted to program it, like, to record a show. So, I read the directions. And I followed them exactly, you know, step by step, but then, nothing. It didn't record.
W: Is there anything wrong with the machine?
M: With the machine? No. There’s something wrong with me. I’m no good with, like, electronic equipment.
Text 10
M: Good
morning, and I'd like to welcome all of you to the
杭十四中二??八学年第二学期期中考试
高二年级历史学科试卷
试卷Ⅰ（选择题 共50分）
本卷共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
1．“20世纪初，帝国主义的殖民体系形成但又过时。”导致这种“过时”的最主要原因是：
A．资本主义经济的发展 B．民族解放运动的兴起
C．列强力量对比的变化 D．局部战争的不断变化
2．瑞士著名的国际法学者瓦特尔在1758年发表的《国际法》中说：“均势的核心意义是妥协安排国际事务，没有一个国家能居于至高无上的主宰、支配他国的地位。”1907年，英国外交部在克劳备忘录中谈到：“英国的政策是维持均势，把自己的力量加在这一边或那一边，但是总是加在一边以抵制某一时期内最强大的国家或集团的政治霸权。这几乎成为一个历史上的真理。”英国“均势”政策的表现不包括
A．参加反法同盟， B．巴黎和会上反对法国过分削弱德国
C．英法俄组成协约国 D．与法国联合，与美国争夺国联领导权
3．1907年，欧洲各国在海牙召开了第二次和平大会，其主要任务是制定“尽可能人道”的战争行为准则。从以后十年的历史看，这样的“准则”所起的主要作用是（ ）
A．阻止战争的爆发 B．承认了战争的合法性
C．阻止了不人道的武器的研发 D．有力地宣传了人道主义
4．要了解历史上的重大事件，一个直观的方法
是阅读历史地图。从右边这幅地图中可以看
出，德国要想在未来的战争中取胜，应当选
择的战略是
A．速战速决，避免两线作战
B．突袭对手，两面出击
C．积极防御，打阵地战
D．诱敌深入，打运动战
5．右面是1921年西欧各国工业生产指数（以1913年为100) 。 图中的数据主要说明
A．一战使西欧的工业生产严重下降
B．德法实力与英国难以抗衡
C．英国仍然是世界第一工业大国
D．一战对英国打击很小
6．早在1887年，恩格斯就警告欧洲各国的统治者：如果你们开始跳一场最后的大战舞，那么，在悲剧结束时你们必将垮台。下列哪些国家的历史可以佐证这一预言？
①德意志帝国 ②沙皇帝国 ③奥匈帝国 ④奥斯曼帝国
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③④
7．1917年，中国北洋政府对德宣战，并派出大批劳工到欧洲战场服役。80多年后，时任法国总统的希拉克曾这样评价说，“任何人都不会忘记这些远道而来的、在一场残酷的战争中与法国共命运的勇士，他们以自己的灵魂和肉体捍卫了法国的领土、理念和自由”。结合上述材料，对中国参战的诸多评价中，你最赞成的是
A．对德宣战导致不少中国劳工丧生
B．对德宣战是段祺瑞政府的错误决策
C．对德宣战客观上提高了中国的国际地位
D．对德宣战不利于一战的尽快结束
8．右图是英军在一战中首次使用的新式武器，号
称“陆战之王”，请问这种新式武器采用当时最
新的科技成果有①煤炭的广泛使用 ②内燃机的
发明与制造 ③炼钢技术的突破 ④石油的广泛
运用 ⑤蒸汽机的改进与运用 ⑥炼铁技术的进步
A．①②③ B．①③⑥ C．②③④ D．②④⑥
9．“行万里路”，进行实地考察是历史研究的重要方法之一。假如你要研究国际联盟的历史，你首选的考察地点应当是
A．泰姬陵 B．凡尔赛宫 C．日内瓦万国宫 D．雅典娜神庙
10．华盛顿会议后，美国朝野上下一片欢腾，美国领导人喜形于色，这是因为①《四国条约》埋葬了英日同盟，消除了美国在亚太地区争霸的一个障碍②《五国海军条约》使美国海军得以与英国海军并驾齐驱③华盛顿会议剥夺了日本在大战期间夺得的德国的殖民地④通过《九国公约》，美国可以凭借其强大的经济实力在争夺中国的过程中占得先机
A．①②③ B．②③④ C． ①②④ D．①③④
11．1918年，德国历史学家斯宾格勒在目睹当时的状况后，出版了《西方的没落》这本名著。就当时的历史而言，这个“西方”是指
A．美洲 B．欧洲 C．德国 D．英国
12．“在当代革命中，东方各民族为了不再仅仅充当别国发财的对象而决定世界命运的时期到来了。”材料反映了“一战”带来的影响是
A．欧洲出现无产阶级革命运动 B．出现了民族解放运动的新高潮
C．建立了新的国际体系 D．俄国爆发了十月社会主义革命
13．自1922年起，英国和法国便处于“有礼貌的破裂”阶段。造成这种状况的重要原因之一是
A．英国对德国实行绥靖政策 B．法国与美国结盟
C．法国单独占领德国的鲁尔地区 D．英国不同意过分削弱德国
14．观察下边这张关于华盛顿会议的漫画，根据所学知识判断，被绑的人是
A．美国人 B．日本人 C．德国人 D．中国人
15．日本关东军司令本庄繁在给陆相南坎次郎的信中说：“乘此世界金融凋落，露国五年计划未完成，支那统一未达成以前之机，确实占领我经营30年之满蒙。”该信应写于
A．
C．
16．德国法西斯头目戈培尔在日记中写道：“1939年初，元首有个更大的计划。这个计划的
实施，是慕尼黑协定的扩大，将使帝国处于更加有利的地位。”“这个计划”是指
A．吞并奥地利 B．割占苏台德区
C．吞并捷克斯洛伐克 D．进攻埃及
17．丘吉尔曾这样评价二战中的一次著名战役：“我们不要把这些援救说成是胜利，战争不是靠撤退而赢得的。但是，在这些援救中却孕育着胜利。”你认为这次战役应是
A．不列颠空战 B．敦刻尔克战役 C．中途岛海战 D．斯大林格勒战役
我们需要护士！ 更多的护士！ 先生们，把这些传统的活留给我们吧！
18．上面两幅图片均是美国二战中的宣传画，从中我们可以得出哪些结论
①战时，妇女大量加入生产，为前线做了巨大的贡献
②战争的血色残酷里，白衣天使们是生命的希望
③随着妇女活动范围的扩大，战争客观上提高了妇女的社会地位
④美国为了谋求世界霸权，不惜牺牲妇女的利益
A．①②④ B．①③④ C．①②③ D．②③④
19．1941年苏德战争爆发前，有人问丘吉尔对苏德战争持什么态度，他说：“如果希特勒入侵地狱，我至少要发表一篇同情魔王的声明。”这说明丘吉尔的外交准则是
A．根据英国利益调整外交政策 B. 放弃绥靖政策
C．仇视社会主义苏联 D．对德国入侵苏联表示同情
20．1942年元旦，26国代表在华盛顿签署《联合国家宣言》。在宣言签字前，确定了美、英、苏、中在前，其他国家按字母顺序排列的原则。这一原则意味着
A．承认四大国在反法西斯联盟中的特殊作用
B．这个联盟实际上被四大国所控制
C．四大国在所有问题上均达成了共识
D．世界反法西斯联盟正式形成
21．有学者认为，“第一次世界大战的目的在于重新分配欧洲的权力，而1939-1945年的大战却是意识形态之战”。这里的“意识形态之战”是指
A．独裁与民主 B．封建主义与资本主义 C．资本主义与共产主义 D．民族主义和世界主义
22．下列名词承载着惨酷的历史意蕴，是法西斯势力所犯下的反人类罪的黑色象征
① “奥斯威辛集中营” ② “南京大屠杀” ③ “731细菌部队” ④“格尔尼卡大屠杀” 其中属于 “日本制造”的有
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①④ D．②③
23．“三国之宗旨……在使日本所窃取于中国之领土，如满洲、台湾、澎湖列岛等，归还中华民国”，《开罗宣言》这一声明的重要意义在于
A．确认中国与美、英并列的世界大国地位 B．肯定中国对反法西斯战争的巨大贡献
C．确认中国收复领土的神圣权利 D．明确日本必须无条件投降
24．右图中的三位人物均对20世纪的人类历史进程特别是对第二次世界大战的进程产生过重要影响。这一回，他们聚在一起的主要任务是
A．商谈对德处理政策，安排战后世界事宜
B．商谈组建世界反法西斯联盟
C．商谈对德作战、围攻柏林的方案
D．商谈对日作战，敦促日本无条件投降
25．第二次世界大战的爆发地――波兰维斯特普拉特半岛上有一条巨幅标语：“永远不要战争”。第二次世界大战为人类提供的经验与教训有
①法西斯主义就是战争，必须警惕其死灰复燃 ②国际统一战线是打击共同敌人的有力武器
③不能出卖、牺牲其他国家的独立、领土和主权来保护自己的利益
④世界和平是不可分割的、爱好和平的各国政府和人民应同心协力、共同维护和平
A．①③ B．②③④ C．①②③④ D．①②④
试卷Ⅱ 非选择题
本卷有4小题，共50分。第26题15分，第27题10分,第28题15分，第29题10分。
26．（15分）观察并阅读下列各段材料
材料一
图一 1898年 中德《胶澳租借条约》
材料二
图二1914年8月 日军进入中国山东 图三 袁世凯接受《二十一条》
材料三 中国代表顾维均在巴黎和会上指出，山东自古以来就是中国领土，德国在山东的一切权利应直接归还中国；至于二十一条，1918年中日关于山东问题的换文，以及英法等国与日本之间关于山东的协约，均应欧战爆发所致，此次和会应予以变更。中国代表团另提交了取消二十一条，直接收回山东权利的书面照会。
日本代表宣称：胶州湾自日本占领后，事实上已为日本领属，而且中日对于胶州湾租借地和铁路问题已有成约；如果山东问题不能圆满解决，日本将不在和约上签字。美国代表提出：中日先于1915年就山东问题订约换文，1918年又有续约，且英法同日本也有协约承认日本在山东的权利，和会须维持各项条约的神圣性。英国代表则提出山东问题两项解决办法：或按照中日协定条件，或使日本继承德国权利。
――据王芸生《六十年来中国与日本》
材料四（1919年）
――摘自《顾维钧》回忆录第一分册
材料五 因感觉大会对山东问题解决方法不公道，中国代表团曾于
――摘自
回答：
（１）根据材料一并结合所学知识，概述十九世纪末山东是怎样变成德国“势力范围”的？（3分）
（２）根据材料二并结合所学知识，第一次世界大战期间情况发生了什么变化？（2分）
江西省抚州一中2009届高三下学期第八次同步测试
文 综 试 卷
命题人：苏瑛瑛 杨高义 龚卫国 审题人：刘青萍 何明荣 祝新梨 组卷：黄真平
考试日期：
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分；满分300分；考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题140分）
四川省成都十八中2008-2009学年高三模拟考试试题
文科综合
考试时间：150分钟 分数：300分 命题人：黄映斌 徐腙利 蒲晓芳
读下列模式图。回答1―2题。
1．若上图表示某一事物(现象)的时间变化过程。下列说法正确的是
A．锋面：冷锋
准静止锋暖锋
B．城市化：郊区城市化再城市化逆城市化
C．人口增长：原始型传统型现代型
D．人地关系：崇拜自然协调自然改造自然
2．若上图表示某一事物(现象)的空间变化过程，下列说法正确的是
A．产业转移环渤海地区韩国
B．锋面雨带：南岭江淮地区黄淮海平原’
C．台风过境：厦门南昌海口
D．钢铁厂区位：煤矿铁矿港口
读“岩石风化与气候关系示意图”，回答3―5题。
3．对图示信息的判断，正确的是
A．岩石的风化深度与年均温呈负相关 B．岩石的风化深度与年降水量呈正相关
C．岩石的风化深度与年均温呈正相关
D．岩石的风化深度与基岩的埋藏深度呈正相关
4．若甲、乙、丙、丁四地的年均温和年降水量分别为(
A．甲和丙 B．乙和丙 C．甲和丁 D．乙和丁
5．关于M、N两地叙述正确的是
A．M地水土流失严重 B．N地土壤肥沃
C．M地气温日较差大 D．N地土地次生盐碱化严重
读某类工业“收益性空间界限的区位模型”图，回答6-7题。
6．该工业布局的最佳区位是
A．ab B．bc C．cd D．ef
7. 为了吸引投资者投资，当地政府出台了相关补贴政策，下列说法正确的是
A．a点与6点问的距离将增加 B．企业利润增多，但分布范围减小
C．平均费用的最低值会升高 D．图中b与e点间的距离会增加
右图为亚欧大陆东部某季节大气运动图，读图回答8～9题。
8．图示季节长江中下游地区的天气状况可能是
A．阴雨连绵的梅雨天气学B．炎热干燥的伏旱天气学
c．受热带气旋的影响D．受强冷空气的影响
9．当P天气系统最强盛时，印度半岛
A．德干高原一年中凉爽的时候
B．农田干枯，土地龟裂
C．乞拉朋齐降水最多的时候
D．西南季风来得早，造成严重洪涝灾害
下图是我国某地区年降水量分布图，读图，回答10---11题。
10. 上述著名农业区，其发展农业的限制性因素是（ ）
A．热量 B．光照 C．水分 D．地形
11. 近年来，图中乙区域荒漠化发展迅速，荒漠化土地呈点状、线状分布，其形成的最主要原因是（ ）
A．过度放牧 B．过度樵采和过度开垦
C．水资源利用不当 D．工矿开发、居民点和道路建设
12、下列有关麦哲伦环球航行的表述，不正确的是（ ）
① 麦哲伦顺着哥伦布开辟的新航路首先到达西印度群岛，然后沿南美洲东岸南行
② 首先发现火地岛和麦哲伦海峡，进入茫茫太平洋
③ 船队经马六甲海峡进入印度洋
④ 尔后绕过非洲南端的好望角，回到西班牙，麦哲伦受到了西班牙王室的盛情款待
A ①②③④ B ①②③ C ①③④ D ①②④
13、下列四组启蒙思想家中，他们的思想明显带有继承和发展的是（ ）
① 霍布斯――洛克 ② 洛克――孟德斯鸠
③ 洛克――伏尔泰 ④ 霍布斯――卢梭
A ①②③④ B ①②③ C ①②④ D ②③④
14、 北美独立战争与拉美独立运动的不同点是（ ）
①革命前经济状况 ② 革命中领导力量 ③ 革命中斗争方式 ④ 革命后的结果
A ①②④ B ①②③ C ②③④ D ①③④
15、美国1787年宪法和法国1791年宪法是重要的西方政治文献，关于二者的表述不正确的是（ ）
A 制定的理论基础都是启蒙思想 B 都没有赋予公民充分的选举权利
C 都规定了资产阶级共和政体 D 都是资产阶级革命的法律成果