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岳阳市一中2009年高三第六次考试

英    语

时量:120分钟   分值:150分

命题人:高三英语备课组

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

请听下面5段对话,选出最佳选项.

1. Why did the woman call the man?

  A. She didn’t know how to use the new refrigerator.

  B. She wanted her washing machine to be fixed.

  C. There was something wrong with the refrigerator.

2. What kind of place are the speakers probably talking about?

  A. A football field.           B. An office building.    C. A concert hall.

3. What does the woman mean?

  A. She doesn’t feel like going out.    B. She would like to go for a walk.

  C. She is worried about the rainy weather.

4. What is the man doing?

  A. Offering help.                     B. Giving permission.    C. Asking for suggestion.

5. What can we learn from the conversation?

  A. They are preparing for a party.    B. The woman will buy more plates.

  C. The man won’t go to the party.

第二节(共12小题; 每小题1.5分,满分18分)

听第6段对话,回答第6至8题。

6. When will the man come back from the trip?

  A. December 22.                     B. January 3.                C. January 13.

7. Which flights is the man going to take for his round trip?

  A. Flight 414 and Flight 476.           B. Flight 476 and Flight 220.

  C. Flight 220 and Flight 414.          

8. When should the man arrive at the airport to take a plane for Chicago?

  A. By 2:00 p.m.               B. By 6:30 p.m.            C. At 3:00 p.m.

听第7段对话,回答第9至11题。

9. Where are they planning to go in the morning?

  A. To a park.                    B. To an art museum.    C. To a shopping centre.

10. Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon?

   A. The zoo will be closed the rest of the week.

   B. The zoo is free to visitors that day only.

   C. There are unusual animals on display.

11. Why does the woman want to go shopping instead?

   A. She wants to buy mementos(纪念品)of their visit.

   B. She saw some great prices at a shopping centre.

   C. She wanted to buy a gift for her friend.

听第8段对话,回答第12至14题。

12. What does the man usually do in the gym?

   A. Swim.                       B. Play pingpong.         C. Play tennis.

13. What’s the woman busy with?

   A. Classes.                            B. Studying.                 C. Reading.

14. Why does the woman have no time to have exercise?

   A. Because of great expectation.     B. Because of some serious thought.

   C. Because of tight schedule.

听第9段对话,回答第15至17题。

15. What does Simon think of the college?

   A. He likes its small size.                      B. He likes the place where it is.

   C. He likes the students of the college.

16. What do the students at the college do in their free time?

   A. All kinds of things but going to the library to study.

   B. Many things, including going to the library to study.

   C. All the students go to the clubs to meet their friends.

17. How many students are there in the college Simon is visiting?

   A. About 10,000.                   B. About 1,000.            C. About 5,000.

第三节(共3小题;每小题1.5分,满分4.5分)

听下面一段材料,将第18至20三个小题的信息补充完整。每小题不超过三个单词。本段材料读两遍。

Nine O’clock News

News 1

Mr. Ben Kitson, who wrote 18._________and plays for children, has died at his home in California.

News 2

Policemen in New York will return to work only when they receive more money for 19._________.

News 3

It has been a good year on the farm. 20._______ will cost less in the shops this year.

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

21. My neighbour asked me to go for _______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______energy. w.w.w.k.s.5 u.c.o.m

   A. a; 不填             B. the; the             C. 不填; the          D. a; the

22. It is said that the school will be built in _______is called a developing zone.

   A. what                   B. that                   C. which               D. where

23. The year 2005 was _____ ever recorded since scientists began keeping track of the numbers in the late 1800s.

   A. the hotter            B. hot                   C. hotter                D. the hottest

24. English lessons are in strong demand in the United States, and people ____ wait for an opening

   A. have to               B. may have to           C. must                 D. may

25. Customs Service officials knew drug dealers_______ across the border, so the government asked the Indians there to help in the fight against the drug dealers.

   A. were coming                                          B. came         

C. had come                         D. had been coming

26. Books are the important records we keep _____ man’s thought, ideas and feelings.

   A. on                      B. up                    C. of                     D. for

27. Police agencies had all the modern technology ______ people who tried to sell illegal goods.

   A. needing to help catch                       B. needed helping to catch

   C. needed to help catch                         D. needed to helping to catch

28. Bryan Nez says ______ can be followed because his fellows leave such signs on the ground that people can easily find them.

   A. someone             B. anyone              C. none                 D. everyone

29. The boy ______ Steve, who is very good at the computer, ______ Bill Gates in our school.

   A. with the name; is compared to           B. who called; compared with

   C. calling; is compared to                            B. whose name is; compared with

30. I don’t know whether it was lost or stolen; ______, it’s gone.

   A. anyway               B. but                   C. however            D. though

31. Special English ______ English the way a foreign language program would.

   A. didn’t teach         B. doesn’t teach     C. hasn’t taught      D. isn’t taught

32. The police were ordered to look into the case _______ an actress was

murdered.

A. which               B. in which            C. during that        D. that

33. The Shadow Wolves main task is _________ illegal car trade.

   A. finding and stopping                        B. to find and stopping

   C. finding to stop                                 D. find and stop

34. If things are left ____they are, the problems will never be settled, I am afraid.

   A. how                   B. as                     C. what                 D. where

35. ________ at the school gate were my classmates.

   A. Stood                B. Standing           C. To stand            D. Stand

第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

       Mark was seven when he joined his father and two other elder brothers at sunrise in the fields. __36__ the time he was eight he was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He was given a cent for every nail he __37__ out of old boards.

       He got his first __38__ job at BT’s Restaurant in town, when he reached twelve. His main tasks were__39__tables and washing dishes, __40__sometimes he helped cook.

       Every day after school he would __41__ to BT’s and work till ten. Even on Saturdays he __42__ from two till eleven. At that age it was difficult going to work and __43__ his friends run off to swim or play. He didn’t necessarily like work, but he loved what working __44__ him to have. Because of his __45__ he was always the one buying when his friends and he went to the local shop. That made him __46__.

       Word that he was trustworthy and hard-working __47__ around the town. A local clothing shop offered him credit(赊帐)__48__ he was only in Grade 7. He immediately __49__ a $ 68 sports coats and a $ 22 pair of shoes. He was__50__ only 65 cents an hour, and he already owed the shopkeeper $ 90! So he learned __51__ the danger of easy credit. He paid it __52__ as soon as he could.

       The first job taught him self-control, responsibility and brought him a __53__of personal satisfaction few of his friends had experienced. As his father, __54__worked three jobs, once told him, “If you__55__sacrifice and responsibility, there are not many things in life you cannot have.” How right he was!

36. A. Before                B. Within                     C. From                D. By

37. A. pulled                B. put                   C. picked               D. pressed

38. A. usual                  B. real                   C. main                 D. participate

39. A. sweeping            B. packing             C. clearing             D. empting

40. A. or                      B. so                     C. but                   D. even

41. A. head                   B. turn                  C. change                     D. move

42. A. studied               B. worked             C. played               D. slept

43. A. helping               B. having                     C. watching           D. letting

44. A. asked                 B. told                  C. promised           D. allowed

45. A. study                  B. power               C. age                   D. job

46. A. proud                 B. friendly             C. lucky                D. hopeful

47. A. ran                            B. got                   C. flew                  D. carried

48. A. although             B. while                C. if                      D. since

49. A. sold                   B. borrowed          C. charged             D. wore

50. A. keeping                     B. making             C. paying                     D. taking

51. A. gradually            B. greatly                     C. hardly               D. early

52. A. out                            B. over                  C. away                 D. off

53. A. point                  B. level                 C. part                  D. sign

54. A. he                      B. that                   C. who                  D. whoever

55. A. understand          B. demand             C. offer                 D. fear

第三部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节:选择题(共17小题;每小题2分,满分34分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

A

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a judge and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

       Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he caught.

       It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more important, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

56. What is true about children when they play games?

   A. They can stop playing any time they like.

   B. They can test their personal abilities.

   C. They want to pick a better team.               D. They don’t need rules.

57. To become a leader in a game the child has to ______.

   A. play well                                 B. wait for his turn

   C. be confident in himself                     D. be popular among his playmates

58. What do we know about grown-ups?

   A. They are not interested in games.      

B. They find children’s games too easy.

C. They don’t need a reason to play games.

D. They don’t understand children’s games.

59. The writer believes that _______.

   A. children should make better rules for their games

   B. children should invite grow-ups to play with them

   C. children’s games can do them a lot of good

   D. children play games without reasons

B

       Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judge are softer on attractive defendants(被告).But in the executive (主管的)circle, beauty can become a liability.

       While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive leader, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men: effort and ability were thought to lead to their success.

       Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight successes.

       Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required.

       This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Brown, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.

       The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.

60. The underlined word “liability” (Para1) most probable means _______.

   A. disadvantage              B. advantage          C. misfortune         D. trouble

61. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness_______.

   A. makes women look more honest and capable

   B. strengthens the feminine qualities required

   C. is of great importance to women

D. often enables women to succeed quickly

62. Bowman’s experiment shows that when it comes to politics, attractiveness

________.

A.     turns out to be a disadvantage to men

B.      is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to woman

C.      affects men and women alike

D.     has as little effect on men as on women

63. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often__.

   A. practical             B. supportive         C. old-fashioned     D. one-sided

64. The author writes this passage to ______.

   A. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive

   B. discuss the disadvantages of being attractive

   C. demand equal rights for women   D. state the importance of appearance

C

       Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.

      Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who bears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(怀孕)was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

       Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the change from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although many good books have been written about American mothers, only recently have some books discussed the role of a father.

       It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life, on the other hand, the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we have mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working out of home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

65. According to the author, being a father ________.

   A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men

   B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters

   C. makes some men feel proud and others easy

   D. means nothing but more responsibilities

66. It is stated in the passage that ________.

   A. some parents are not prepared to have a child

   B. young couples do not like children at all

   C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children

   D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child

67. The transition to the mother’s role requires that the wife ______.

   A. changes her life style in a quite different way

   B. makes a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation

   C. stays at home to take care of the baby

   D. helps her husband in his re-socialization process

68. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared

with mothers, _________.

A. have to do more in the household             

B. have to make more difficult adaptations

C. have an easier job to do

D. can usually do a better job

D

Dr. Wiseman started the “laugh lab” project in September 2001. It is the largest study of humour. Participants are invited to log(登录)on to the laugh lab website, give a few personal details, tell their favourite jokes and judge the jokes told by other people.

       The project will last for a year, and the organizers hope to finally discover the world’s funniest joke. But there is also a serious purpose. The researchers want to know what make people from different nations and cultures find funny. And they want to find out the differences between the male’s and female’s sense of humour. The idea is that we want to understand each other, we have to find out what makes us laugh.

       This is a subject that has long interested psychologists and philosophers. Most of the time, people are not completely honest. We do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what we want. But laughing cannot be controlled. When we laugh, we tell the truth about ourselves. By December 2001 over 10,000 jokes had been submitted. This gave the scientists enough evidence to make early conclusions. It seems that men and women do have different senses of humour, for instance.

       “Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which males and females use humour,” said Dr. Wiseman. “Males use humour to appear superior to others, while women are more skilled in languages and prefer word play.”

       Researchers also found that there really is such a thing as a national sense of humour. The British enjoy what is usually called “toilet humour”. But the French like their jokes short and sharp: “You’re a high priced lawyer. Will you answer two questions for 500?” “Yes. What’s the second question?” The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour. But the survey found that German participants were more likely to find submitted jokes funny than any other nationality. Perhaps that proves the point. Is this joke funny? I don’t know, but let’s say yes, just to be safe.

       Dr. Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computer. But none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing. Perhaps this is relief. Computers already seem like they can do everything. At least they should leave the funny stuff to us.

69. We can infer from the passage that ________.

   A. most of the people all over the world are completely honest

   B. psychologists and philosophers take interest in the “laugh lab” project

   C. ordinary people are not interested in the “laugh lab” project at all

   D. people tell the truth about themselves only when they laugh

70. What is the main idea of the 4th and 5th paragraph?

   A. Man and woman have different senses of humour.

   B. Male and female have similar senses of humour.

   C. About 10,000 jokes have been submitted from September 2001 to December 2001.

   D. Scientists have collected enough evidence to make conclusions.

71. The writer gave the examples of the British, the French and the Germans _________.

   A. to show that people from different nations have different senses of humour

   B. to prove the British people have a sense of “toilet humour”

   C. to show French people have a better sense of humour

   D. to prove that the Germans have no sense of humour

72. Which statements is TURE according to the passage?

   A. The jokes created by computer are less funny than those by humans.

   B. The Germans cannot find the submitted jokes amusing.

   C. Males are better at word play compared with women.

   D. Female like to use humour to show that they are superior.

第二节:简答题(共3小题;每小题2分,满分6分)

    阅读下面短文,根据第73至第75小题的具体要求,简要回答问题。

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

Teaching and learning are two different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in exploring knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teachers fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

73. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning and use its other form to explain the underlined word “occupation”.

74. What does it mean according to the author if teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading?(回答词数不超过8个)

75. What is the main idea of the passage?(回答词数不超过8个)

第四部分:书面表达(共两节,满分35分)

第一节:填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

       阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或词组。注意:每空不超过3个单词。

       Do you think that daydreaming is a waste of time? Probably so.

“On the contrary,” says L.Giambra, an expert in psychology, “Daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn’t get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day…You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a consciousness. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states of mind have silent dialogues.”

Early psychology experts paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980’s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book DAYDREAMING. Klinger says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn form our experiences, and plan for our futures…Daydreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life.”

Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It’s easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you recognize the difficult situations in our life and find out a possible way of dealing with them.

Daydreams cannot by predicted. They move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.

Title: 76. _____________

 

Effects

 

77. __________in the day

Organizing our lives

78. ________________

79. ________________

80. ______________

 

Reasons

 

Simple and direct→

Helping gain a deep understanding of life

81. _______________in life

82. __________a possible way of dealing with difficulties

83. _______

Unconscious

→moving off in unexpected directions→

85. _____________

84. ________

第二节:书面表达(满分25分)

以下面的梗概为依据,写一篇书面表达。

1.  目前,父母和子女之间缺互理解导致代沟;

2.  分析代沟现象产生的原因;

3.  我对解决代沟的建议。

注意:

1.  可依据说明适当增加细节,使行文连贯;

2.  短文标题与开头已写好,不计入总词汇;

3.  词数:120左右。

Generation Gap

Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parents and children. This is called generation gap…

第六次质量检测英语答案

1-5 CABCA           6-10 BCABC      11-15ABACA      16-17 AB

18. stories              19. working long hours         20.Fruit and vegetables

21-25 DADBD             26-30 CCBAA              31-35 BBABB

36-40 DABCC       41-45 ABCDD       46-50 ABACB              51-55 DDBCA

56-59 ABBC          60-64 ADBDB       65-68 CABC          69-72 BAAA

73. Activity.

74. The teaching of reading will be successful./ The reading teaching will be a success.

75. Reading ability is something gained rather than taught. / Reading activity is

something gained by learning. w.w.w.k.s.5 u.c.o.m

76. Benefits of Daydreaming                      77. Helping thinking

78. Learning from experiences                    79. Planning for futures

80. A life window                                     81. Helping recognize difficulties

82. Helping find out                                  83. Features

84. Not predicted                                      85. improving creativities

Generation Gap

       Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parents and children. This is called generation gap. Many parents say that their children are behaving unreasonably. Many a child complains that they can’t communicate with their parents. Their parents are unwilling to accept anything new.

       I think the lack of communication between parents and children is the most obvious reason. As they grew up at different times, they have many different likes and dislikes. Besides, both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don’t spare enough time to exchange ideas. Therefore, misunderstanding arises between them.

       To understand each other better, both parents and children need to make efforts. They should often communicate with each other and spend more time talking with each other. Only in this way will they bridge the generation gap.

 

试题详情

理科综合训练十一(物理部分)

14.一个不计重力的带电粒子在匀强磁场中做匀速圆周运动。当它运动到M点时,恰好与一个原来不带电的静止粒子碰撞,在瞬间合为一体。那么它们碰撞后的轨迹应该是下列四图中的哪一个(实线是碰前的轨迹,虚线是碰后的轨迹。)

A.                B.             C.                  D.

 

 

15.雷蒙德?戴维斯因研究来自太阳的电子中微子(νe )而获得2002年度诺贝尔物理学奖。电子中微子可以将一个氯核转变为一个氩核,其核反应方程式为。已知Cl核的质量为36.95658u,Ar核的质量为36.95691u,e的质量为0.00055u,lu质量对应的能量为931.5MeV。根据以上数据,可以判断参与上述反应的电子中微子的最小能量为A.0.82MeV B.0.31MeV             C.1.33MeV             D.0.51MeV

 

16.有一种手电筒和台式电子钟都是用一节干电池工作的。将新电池装在手电筒中,经过一段时间的使用,当手电筒的小灯泡只能发出微弱的光而不能正常使用时,把电池取出来,用电压表测其两端电压,电压表示数略小于1.5V,把这节旧电池装在台式电子钟上却仍能使电子钟正常工作很长时间。根据以上现象,可判断下列说法中正确的是      

       A.旧电池的电动势比新电池的电动势小得多,旧电池的内电阻比新电池的内电阻相差不多

       B.旧电池的电动势比新电池的电动势小得多,旧电池的内电阻比新电池的内电阻大得多

       C.台式电子钟额定电压一定比手电筒额定电压小得多

       D.台式电子钟正常工作的等效电阻一定比手电筒正常工作时的电阻大得多

 

17.图中实线表示两种介质的界面。光从介质1进入介质2的光路如图所示,由图可知

A.光在介质1中的波长小于在介质2中的波长

B.在介质1中光子的能量等于在介质2中光子的能量

C.光从介质1射到界面上,只要入射角足够大,就可能发生全反射

D.光在介质1中的传播速度小于光在介质2中的传播速度

 

文本框: 负载18.一理想变压器给负载供电,变压器输入电压u=Umsinωt,如图所示,若负载增大,关于图中所有理想交流电表的读数及输入功率P的变化情况的说法中正确的是                           

       A.V1、V2不变,Al增大、A2减小,P增大

       B.V1、V2不变,A1、A2减小,P减小

       C.V1、V2不变,A1、A2增大,P增大

       D.V1不变,V2增大,A1减小,A2增大,P减小

 

19.一列向右传播的横波在某一时刻的波形如图所示,其中质点PQ到平衡位置的距离相等,波的周期为T。关于PQ两质点,英才苑以下说法正确的是                          

       A.从该时刻起,PQ先回到平衡位置

       B.再经过T/4,两质点到平衡位置的距离仍相等

       C.该时刻两质点的动量相等

       D.该时刻两质点的加速度相同

 

20.1.如果将两个分子看成质点,当这两个分子各处于平衡位置时,它们之间的距离为r0,则该分子力大小F及分子势能大小Ep随分子间距离r的变化而变化的情况一定是  

A.当r>r0时,r变大,F变小,Ep变小          B.当r>r0时,r变大,F变大,Ep变小

C.当r<r0时,r变小,F变大,Ep变小          D.当r<r0时,r变小,F变大,Ep变大

 

21.足够长的水平传送带始终以速度v匀速运动。某时刻放上一个小物体,质量为m,初速大小也是v,但方向与传动带的运动方向相反。最后小物体的速度与传送带相同。在小物体与传送带间有相对运动的过程中,滑动摩擦力对小物体做的功为W,小物体与传送带间摩擦生热为Q,则下面的判断中正确的是   

A.W=mv2/2,Q=mv2     B.W=mv2Q=2mv2   

C.W=0,Q=mv2         D.W=0,Q=2mv2  

 

22.⑴在“双缝干涉测光的波长”的实验中,测量装置如左下图所示,调节分划板的位置,使分划板中心刻线对齐某亮条纹的中心,此螺旋测微器读数为        mm。转动手轮,使分划线向一侧移动。到另一条亮条纹的中心位置,由螺旋测微器再进行一次读数。若实验测得第一条到第四条亮条纹中心间的距离为x=0.960mm,已知双缝间距为d=1.5mm,双缝到屏的距离为L=1.00m,则对应的光波波长λ=      mm。

  

 

 

 

⑵某示波器工作时,屏上显示出如右上图所示的波形,且亮度较弱。要将波形由A图位置调节到B图的位置和波形,示波器面板上的旋钮需要调节的是       

A.辉度旋钮       B.聚焦旋钮

C.辅助聚焦旋钮   D.竖直位移旋钮

E.Y增益旋钮     F.X增益旋钮 

G.水平位移旋钮   H.扫描微调旋钮

I.衰减旋钮        J.扫描范围旋钮     K.同步开关

 

23.一块足够长的木板C质量2m,放在光滑的水平面上,如图所示。在木板上自左向右放有AB两个完全相同的物块,两物块质量均为m,与木板间的动摩擦因数均为μ。开始时木板静止不动,AB两物块的初速度分别为v0、2v0,方向如图所示。试求:⑴木板的最终速度v;⑵AB两物块在木板C上相对滑行的全过程,全系统的摩擦生热Q是多少?⑶A物块在整个运动过程中最小速度vA是多大?

 

 

 

 

 

24.如图所示,半径为R、内壁光滑、内径很小的绝缘半圆管ADB固定在竖直平面内,直径AB垂直于水平虚线MN,圆心O恰在MN的中点,矩形区域MNPQ内有水平向右的匀强电场。一质量为m,电荷为q,可视为质点的带正电的小球从A点由静止滑入管内,从B点穿出后,通过B点正下方的C点,小球在C点处的加速度大小为5g/3,(g为重力加速度)。求:⑴匀强电场场强E;⑵小球通过B点时对半圆轨道的压力大小;⑶小球从B点飞出后的最小动能是多大?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25.如图所示,固定在竖直平面内的竖直平行导轨间距L=20cm,导轨顶端串联一个开关S。导体棒ab与导轨接触良好且无摩擦。ab的电阻为R=0.40Ω,质量为m=10g,导轨的电阻不计。整个装置处在与导轨平面垂直的匀强磁场中,磁感应强度为B=1.0T。当ab棒由静止释放t=0.30s后突然接通开关,不计空气阻力,设导轨足够长。取g=10m/s2。求:⑴ab棒下落过程的最大速度vm和最大加速度am;⑵接通开关后ab棒的稳定速度v;⑶若从接通开关到达到稳定速度过程ab棒下落的高度是h=1.4m,求该过程安培力对ab棒的冲量IF的大小,并求该过程经历的时间t´。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

试题详情

理科综合训练(十五)(物理部分)

14.如图所示,物块M通过与斜面平行的细绳与小物块m相连,斜面的倾角α可以改变。讨论物块M对斜面的摩擦力的大小,则一定有(      )

A.若物块M保持静止,则α角越大,摩擦力越大

B.若物块M保持静止,则α角越大,摩擦力越小

C.若物块M沿斜面下滑,则α角越大,摩擦力越大

D.若物块M沿斜面下滑,则α角越大,摩擦力越小

15.地球公转周期和公转半径分别为T和R;月球的公转周期和公转半径分别为t和r,则太阳质量与地球质量之比为(     )

A.      B.      C.      D.

16.两上点电荷固定在A、B两点,它们带有等量正电荷,A、B连线的中点为O,如图所示。在这两个固定点电荷的电场中,在AO的中点C处有一个正点电荷P,由静止释放后沿直线AB运动,关于点电荷要的运动情况,有(     )

A.P所受的电场力的合力方向总是指向O点

B.P沿直线AB做往复运动

C.从C到O点,P受到的电场力越来越小,电势能越来越小

D.从C到O点,P运动的加速度越来越小,动能越来越大

17. 如图,在倾角为α的固定光滑斜面上,有一用绳子拴着的长木板,木板上站着一个人,已知木板的质量是人的质量的2倍。当绳子突然断开时,人立即沿着板向上跑,以保持其相对斜面的位置不变,则此时木板沿斜面下滑的加速度为(    )

A.sinα       B.g sinα     C.g sinα         D.2g sinα

18.据报道,我国的“高温”下磁悬浮技术已取得较大突破,应用此技术所造的磁悬浮列车已进入试验阶段,走在世界前列。如图所示为磁悬浮的原理图,图中A是圆柱形磁铁,B是用“高温”超导材料制成的电阻率为零的超导圆环。将超导圆环B水平放在磁铁A上,它就能在磁力的作用下悬浮在A的上方空中。则以下判断正确的是(     )

A.在B放入磁场的过程中,B将产生感应电流,当稳定后,电流消失

B.在B放入磁场的过程中,B将产生感应电流,当稳定后,电流仍存在

C.若A的N极朝上,则B中感应电流的方向为从下往上看的逆时针

D.若A的N极朝下,则B中感应电流的方向为从下往上看的逆时针

 

19.如图所示,M是一小型理想变压器,接线柱a、b接在电压u=311sin314t (V)的正弦交流电源上,变压器右侧部分为一火警报警系统原理图,其中R2为用半导体热敏材料制成的传感器,电流表A2为值班室的显示器,显示通过R1的电流,电压表V2显示加在报警器上的电压(报警器未画出),R3为一定值电阻。当传感器R2所在处出现火警时,以下说法中正确的是(      )

A.A1的示数不变,A2的示数增大

B.V1的示数不变,V2的示数减小

C.V1的示数不变,V2的示数增大

D.A1的示数增大,A2的示数减小

20.如图所示,两只电流表A1、A2串联后连成图甲电路,调节R使A1满偏时,A2的示数为满偏的2/3,将A1和A2并联后连成图乙电路,重新调节R,当A2满偏时,A1的示数为满偏的1/3。已知A1的内阻为0.45Ω,那么A2的内阻为(   )

A.0.1Ω          B.0.3Ω     

C.0.45Ω         D.0.15Ω

21.民族运动会上有一个骑射项目,运运动员骑在奔驰的马背上,弯弓放箭射击侧向的固定目标。若运动员骑马奔驰的速度为,运动员静止时射出的弓箭速度为,直线跑道离固定目标的最近距离为d。要想在最短的时间内射中目标,则运动员放箭处离目标的距离应该为    (    )

    A.     B.    C.           D.

22、 (一)用螺旋测微器测圆柱体的直径时,示数如图甲所示,此示数为        mm。用分度为0.05mm的游标卡尺测量某物体的厚度时,示数如图乙所示,此示数为       cm。

 

 

 

 

 

 

(二)某兴趣小组为测一遥控电动小车的额定功率,进行了如下实验:

①用天平测出电动小车的质量为0.5kg

②将电动小车、纸带和打点计时器按图甲所示安装;

 

 

③接通打点计时器(其打点周期为0.02s);

④使电动小车以额定功率加速运动,达到最大速度一段时间后关闭小车电源,待小车静止时再关闭打点计时器(设小车在整个过程中所受的阻力恒定)。

在关闭小车电源前后,打点计时器在纸带上所打的部分点迹如图乙所示。

  请你分析纸带数据,回答下列问题:(计算结果保留二位有效数字)

 

 

 

(1)该电动小车运动的最大速度为           m/s;

(2)在关闭小车电源后,该电动小车运动的加速度大小为        m/s2

(3)该电动小车的额定功率为          W。

23.如图所示,质量为M的小球被一根长为L

的可绕O轴自由转动的轻质杆固定在其端点,同时

又通过绳跨过光滑定滑轮与质量为m的小球相连.若

将M由杆呈水平状态开始释放,不计摩擦,竖直绳

足够长,则当杆转动到竖直位置时,m的速度是多大?

 

 

 

 

24.如图(a)所示,M、N为中心开有小孔的平行板电容器的两极板,相距D=1m,其右侧为垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场,磁感应强度B=1×10-3T,磁场区域足够长,宽为d=0.01m;在极板M、N之间加有如图(b)所示交变电压,M极电势高于N极时电压为正。现有带正电粒子不断从极板M中央小孔处射入电容器,粒子的初速度可忽略不计;其荷质比q/m=2×1011C/kg,重力不计,试求:

   (1)由0时刻进入电容器内的粒子经多长时间才能到达磁场?

   (2)由0时刻进入电容容器内的粒子射出磁场时向上偏移的距离.

   (3)在交变电压第一个周期内,哪些时刻进入电容器内的粒子能从磁场的右侧射出来?

 

 

 

 

 

答案:

14.D  15.C  16.ABD  17.C  18.BC  19.BD  20.A 21、B 

22.(一)6.122~6.127   6.17

(二)(1)1.5  (2)2.1  (3)1.6

23.解:相转到竖直位置时,M球下落距离

L,绳与竖直方面成45°角,m球上升的高度

为h=L  ①

设此时M球、m球的速度分别为vM、vm.

有vM=vm  ②

在整个运动过程中,由机械能守恒.

MgL-mg,

由以上3式得出m球的速度

24.解:(1)粒子进入电容器,其加速度

假设能在时间以内穿过电容器,则有  ②

由以上两式关代入数据得

   (2)设粒子到达磁场时的速率为v

         由动能定理得:

         粒子进入磁场在洛仑兹力作用下做

匀速圆周运动,其半径为R,有

          粒子运动轨迹如图,由几何知识

          (R-L)2+d2=R2  ⑤

          根据③④⑤式得粒子向上偏移的距离L=(-1)×102m

   (3)如果粒子在磁场中的轨迹恰与右边界相切,则半径R0=d,对应速度为v0

        设在电场中先加速位移x,后减速位移D-x

        由动能定理:  ⑦

         加速位移x需要时间为t,

          由④⑦⑧⑨得t=

         故需在0~(―t)内进入电容器,即在0~0.39×10-7s内进入

 

 

 

试题详情

理科综合训练(十四)(物理部分)

14.假设地球同步卫星的轨道半径是地球半径的n倍,则                      (    )

A.同步卫星运行速度是第一宇宙速度的

B.同步卫星的运行速度是第一宇宙速的

C.同步卫星的运行速度是地球赤道上物体随地球自转速度的n

D.同步卫星的向心加速度是地球表面重力加速度的

15.如图所示,质量为m的小球A沿高度为h倾角为θ的光滑斜面以初速v0滑下。另一质量与A相同的小球B自相同高度由静止落下,结果两球同时落地。下列说法正确的是

A.重力对两球做的功相同

B.落地前的瞬间A球的速度大于B球的速度

C.落地前的瞬间A球重力的瞬时功率大于B球重力的瞬时    功率

D.两球重力的平均功率相同

16.如图所示,木块从左边斜面的A点自静止开始下滑,经过一段水平面后,又滑上右边斜面并停留在B点。若动摩擦因数处处相等,AB连线与水平面夹角为θ,则木块与接触面间的动摩擦因数为(不考虑木块在路径转折处碰撞损失的能量)

A.sinθ                    B.cosθ   

C.tanθ                D.cotθ

17.某小船在静水中的速度大小保持不变,该小船要渡过一条河,渡河时小船船头垂直指向河岸.若船行至河中间时,水流速度突然增大,则                    

A.小船渡河时间不变            B.小船渡河时间减少

C.小船渡河时间增加           D.小船到达对岸地点不变

18.如图所示,小球用两根轻质橡皮条悬吊着,且AO呈水平状态,BO跟竖

直方向的夹角为α,那么在剪断某一根橡皮条的瞬间,小球的加速度情况是(     )

A.不管剪断哪一根,小球加速度均是零

B.剪断AO瞬间,小球加速度大小a=gtanα

C.剪断BO瞬间,小球加速度大小a=gcosα

D.剪断BO瞬间,小球加速度大小a=g/cosα

19. 如图所示,水平面上固定一对足够长的平行光滑金属导轨,导轨的左端连接一个电容器,导轨上跨接一根电阻为R的金属棒ab,其他电阻忽略不计,整个装置置于竖直向下的匀强磁场中. 起初金属棒ab以恒定速度v向右运动,突然遇到外力作用停止运动,随即又撤去外力. 此后金属棒ab的运动情况是
(A)ab向右做初速度为0的加速运动
(B)ab先向右加速运动,后继续向右减速运动
(C)因为无电流,ab将始终不动
(D)ab先向右做加速运动,后继续向右做匀速运动

20.如图所示,一正方形线圈abcd在匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁感线的对称轴OO′匀速转动,沿着OO′观察,线圈沿逆时针方向转动。已知匀强磁场的磁感应强度为B,线圈匝数为n,边长为l,电阻为R,转动的角速度为,则当线圈转至图示位置时        (    )

    A.线圈中感应电流的方向为abcda

    B.线圈中的感应电流为

    C.穿过线圈磁通量为0

    D.穿过线圈磁通量的变化率为Bl2ω

21.如图所示,电源内阻不可忽略,已知R1为半导体热敏电阻,R2为锰铜合金制成的可变电阻,当发现灯泡L的亮度逐渐变暗时,可能的原因是(       )

A.R1的温度逐渐降低

    B.R1受到的可见光的照射

    C.R2的阻值逐渐增大

    D.R2的阻值逐渐减小

 

22、测量一螺线管两接线柱之间金属丝的长度。  器材:

A.待测螺线管L(符号image description                ):绕制螺线管金属丝的电阻率m,电阻约为

B.螺旋测微器    C.电流表G:量程100μA,内阻=500Ω

D.电压表V:量程6V,内阻=4kΩ

image description                E.定值电阻R0:R0=50Ω      F.滑动变阻器:全电阻约1k

G.电源E:电动势9V,内阻忽略不计    H.电键S一个,导线若干

①实验中用螺旋测微器测得金属丝的

直径如图甲所示,其示数为d=         

②按图乙所示电路测量金属丝的电阻,请在图丙的实物图上连线。

 

 

image description                image description
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23.一辆电动自行车,蓄电池一次充足电后可向电动机提供E0=3.0×106焦耳的能量,电动机的额定输出功率为120瓦。已知自行车和电池的质量m=30千克,最大载重(即骑车人和所载物体的最大总质量)M=120千克。质量为m070kg的人骑此自行车在无风的平直公路行驶,所受阻力f是车辆总重力的0.03倍。

(1)若这辆车的电动机的效率η是80%,则这辆车充足一次电后,仅在电动机提供动力情况下,在无风的平直公路行驶,空载时(即仅骑车人骑车,不带其他东西)能行驶的最大距离是多少?

(2)仅在电动机提供动力情况下,在无风的平直公路上自行车空载时从静止开始以a=0.2m/s2加速度匀加速前进的最长时间是多少?在这段时间内消耗的电能为多少焦耳?

(3)仅以电动机的额定功率提供动力情况下,电动自行车承载最大载重时,在无风的平直公路行驶,当车速为v1=1m/s的瞬时,车的瞬时加速度为多大 ?

 

 

 

 

 

 

24.水平放置的平行金属板M、N之间存在竖直向上的匀强电场和垂直纸面的交变磁场(如图所示a,垂直纸面向里为正),磁感应强度B0=100T。已知两板间距离d=0.3m,电场强度E=50V/m, M板上有一小孔P,在P正上方h=5cm处的O点,一带电油滴自由下落,穿过小孔后进入两板间,最后落在N板上的Q点如图b所示。如果油滴的质量m=,带电量,(1)若油滴在t=0时刻进入两板间,最后恰好垂直向下落在N板上的Q点。试求交变磁场的变化周期T。(2)Q、O两点的水平距离。(重力加速度g取10m/s2

 

 

 

 

 

 

25.如图,竖直放置的光滑平行金属导轨MN、PQ相距L,在M点和P点间接一个阻值为R的电阻,在两导轨间 OO1O1′O′ 矩形区域内有垂直导轨平面向里、宽为d的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B.一质量为m,电阻为r的导体棒ab垂直搁在导轨上,与磁场上边边界相距d0.现使ab棒由静止开始释放,棒ab在离开磁场前已经做匀速直线运动(棒ab与导轨始终保持良好的电接触且下落过程中始终保持水平,导轨电阻不计).求:

(1)棒ab在离开磁场下边界时的速度;

(2)棒ab在通过磁场区的过程中产生的焦耳热;

(3)试分析讨论ab棒在磁场中可能出现的运动情况.

 

答案:

14.BC【解析】由,得第一宇宙速度,同步卫星的运行速度,故A错B正确;同步卫星与地球自转的角速度相等,由知C选项正确;由,知同步卫星的向心加速度是地球表面重力加速度的倍,D错。

15.CD  16.C  17.A     18.BD  19.B 20、BCD  21、AD

22. 解答:①0.384~0.386mm   

 ②如图所示             

23.解:(1)空载时,所受阻力f=0.03(m+m0)g=30N  

根据能量守恒定律可得:ηE0=fs   

    代入数据可得 s=80km         

(2)设匀加速前进的最长时间为t,且末态功率达到额定

        V=at  

代入数据可得:  t=12s  

消耗的总电能为       又s=at2/2  

代入数据得:  E=900J    

 (3)        代入数据得  a=0.5m/s  

24、解:(1)油滴自由下落,进入两板间电、磁场时的初速为

……①

   

    油滴进入电、磁场后,受力情况如图所示,

重力 ……②

    电场力   ……③

带电油滴进入两极板间,受电场力与重力平衡,在磁场力的作用下,它做匀速圆周运动。设圆周半径为R,若恰好垂直落在N板上的Q点,则

  ……④

      ……⑤

解得   

又已知d=0.3m , 如图所示,由几何关系得d=6R

         ∴交变磁场周期

    (2)设O、Q两点的水平距离为x,如图所示,由几何关系得

25.(1)设ab棒离开磁场边界前做匀速运动的速度为v,产生的电动势为

E = BLv

电路中电流 I =

对ab棒,由平衡条件得 mg-BIL = 0

解得 v =

(2) 由能量守恒定律:mg(d0 + d) = E + mv2

解得

 

(3)设棒刚进入磁场时的速度为v0,由mgd0 = mv02,得v0 =

棒在磁场中匀速时速度为v =

1 当v0=v,即d0 = 时,棒进入磁场后做匀速直线运 

2 当v0 < v,即d0 <时,棒进入磁场后做先加速后匀速直线运动

3 当v0>v,即d0时,棒进入磁场后做先减速后匀速直线运动

 

 

 

 

 

 

试题详情

重庆八中高2009级高三下第一次月考

数学试题(理科)

第Ⅰ卷

一.选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题目要求的.)

1.设全集u={ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 },集合M={ 3,4,5 },集合N={ 1,3,6 },则集合{2,7 }=(  )

A.M∩N           B.       C.     D.M∪N 学科网(Zxxk.Com)学科网

2.经过圆的圆心,且与直线垂直的直线方程是(  )

     A.     B.       C.    D.

3.公差不为0的等差数列中,,数列是等比数列,且,则 

A.2               B.4                 C.8                D.16

4. 下列结论正确的是(   )

A.已知命题,都有,则,使得

B.的充要条件

C.若命题“”为真,则命题“”为真

D.命题“若”的逆否命题是“若

5.从平行六面体的6个面中任取3个面,其中有两个面不相邻的选法有(  )种.

 A.8              B.12              C.16              D.20

6.已知平面,点,,直线,直线,直线,则下列四种位置关系中,不一定成立的是(    )

A.        B.       C.        D.

7.如图,外接圆半径,弦上且垂直平分边,则过点且以为焦点的双曲线

方程为(  )

A.                  B.

C.                 D.

8.平面直角坐标系中,为坐标原点,已知点,若点满足,且,则的最大值为(  )

A.                B.              C.2               D.1

9.已知,若,则下列结论正确的是(   )

A.                     B.

C.        D.

10.已知函数的图象与函数的图象关于直线对称,

上是增函数,则实数

取值范围是(   )

A.[2,+∞)             B.                C.             D.

 

第Ⅱ卷

 

二.填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分.)

11. 已知为锐角,,则       

12.已知O为坐标原点,则点C的坐标为      

13.设函数是偶函数,且对任意正实数满足,已知,则     

14.已知抛物线有相同的焦点F,点A是两曲线的交点,且AF⊥轴,则双曲线的离心率为      

15.四面体ABCD的外接球的球心在棱CD上,且CD=2,,则在外接球球面上A、B两点的球面距离是       

16.观察下列等式:

               

          

 

………………

可以推测,当≥2()时,              .

三.解答题(本大题共6小题,共76分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)

17.如图,在四棱锥中,底面是边长为2的菱形,

的中点,的中点,.

(1)  证明:直线

(2)  求异面直线所成角的大小;

(3)  求点到平面的距离.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18. 已知.

(1)求

(2)设,且已知,求.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19. 三棱锥被平行于底面的平面所截得的几何体如图所示,截面为平面

(1)证明:平面平面

(2)求二面角的大小.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20.已知函数,且的图像按向量=平移后得到的图像关于原点对称.

(1)求的解析式;

(2)设.求证:.

 

 

 

 

 

21. 已知是椭圆的顶点(如图),直线与椭圆交于异于顶点的两点,且.若椭圆的离心率是,且.

(1)求此椭圆的方程;

(2)设直线和直线的倾斜角分别为.试判断是否为定值?若是,

求出此定值;若不是,说明理由.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22.在直角坐标平面xOy上的一列点简记为

若由构成数列,满足轴正方向相同的单位向量,则为T点列.

(1)判断是否为T点列,并说明理由;

(2)若任取其中连续三点,判

的形状(锐角、直角、钝角三角形),并予以证明;

(3)若点列,正整数满足求证:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

试题详情

理科综合训练(十三)(物理部分)

14.如图甲所示,有一个等腰直角三角形的匀强磁场区域,其直角边长为L,磁场方向垂直纸面向外,磁感应强度大小为B。一边长为人总电阻为R的正方形导线框abcd,从图示位置开始沿x轴正方向以速度v匀速穿过磁场区域。取沿a→b→c→d→a的感应电流为正,则图乙中表示线框中电流i随bC边的位置坐标x变化的图象正确的是 (     )

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  A.BC边短些,AB边也短些

  B.BC边长些,AB边短些

  C.BC边短些,AB边长些

  D.BC边长些,AB边也长些

16.压敏电阻的阻值随所受压力的增大而减小。某实验小组在升降机水平地面上利用压敏电阻设计了判断升降机运动状态的装置。其工作原理图如图甲所示,将压敏电阻、定值电阻R、电流显示器、电源E连成电路,在压敏电阻上放置一个绝缘重物。0-t时间内升降机停在某一楼层处,t时刻升降机开始运动,从电流显示器中得到电路中电流i随时间t变化情况如

图乙所示。则下列判断正确的是

A.t-t时间内绝缘重物处于超重状态

B.t-t时间内绝缘重物处于失重状态

C.升降机开始时可能停在10楼,从t;时刻开始,经向下加速、匀速、减速,最后停在1楼

D.升降机开始时可能停在1楼,从t时刻开始,经向上加速、匀速、减速,最后停在10楼

17.据报道,嫦娥二号探月卫星将于2009年前后发射,其环月飞行的高度距离月球表面100km,所探测到的有关月球的数据将比环月飞行高度为200km的嫦娥一号更加翔实。若两颗卫

星环月运行均可视为匀速圆周运动,运行轨道如图所示。则( )

A.嫦娥二号环月运行的周期比嫦娥一号更小

B.嫦娥二号环月运行的周期比嫦娥一号更大

C,嫦娥二号环月运行时向心加速度比嫦娥一号更小

D.嫦娥二号环月运行时向心加速度与嫦娥一号相等

18.如图所示,两个横截面分别为圆形和正方形的区域内有磁感应强度相同的匀强磁场,圆的直径和正方形的边长相等,两个电子分别以相同的速度分别飞入两个磁场区域,速度方向均与磁场方向垂直,进入圆形磁场的电子初速度方向对准圆心;进入正方形磁场的电子初速度方向垂直于边界,从中点进入。则下面判断正确的是(   )

A.两电子在两磁场中运动时,其半径一定相同

B.两电了在磁场中运动的时间有可能相同

C.进入圆形磁场区域的电子可能先飞离磁场

D.进入圆形磁场区域的电子可能后飞离磁场

19. 如右下图所示,轮子的半径均为R=0.20 m,且均由电动机驱动以角速度ω=8.0 rad/s逆时针匀速转动,轮子的转动轴在同一水平面上,轴心相距d =1.6 m 。现将一块均匀木板条轻轻平放在轮子上,开始时木板条的重心恰好在O2轮的正上方,已知木板条的长度L>2d,木板条与轮子间的动摩擦因数均为μ=0.16 ,则木板条重心恰好运动到O1轮正上方所需的时间是(  )

A. 1 s           B. 0.5 s         C. 1.5 s            D. 条件不足,无法判断

20.如图所示,AB、CD为一圆的两条直径,且相互垂直,O点为圆心,空间存在一未知静电场,方向与圆周所在平面平行,现让一电子先从A点运动至C点,电势能减少了EP;又从C点运动至B点,电势能增加了EP,那么此空间存在的静电场可能是 (   )          

    A.匀强电场,方向垂直于AB由O点指向C点

    B.匀强电场,方向垂直于AB由C点指向O点

    C.位于O点的正点电荷形成的电场

    D.位于D点的负电荷形成的电场

21.在如图所示的静电实验电路中,已知电容器的电容C1=C2C,电源的电动势为E,内阻为r,伏特表的内阻为10kΩ,当电路达到稳定状态后,则                             

    A.静电计上电势差为零

    B.伏特计上电势差为零

    C.电容器C1所带电量为CE                     

    D.电容器C2所带电量为CE

22.图中,甲图为一段粗细均匀的新型导电材料棒,现测量该材料的电阻率.

(1)首先用多用电表的

欧姆档(倍率为×10)粗测

其电阻,指针位置如图乙所

示,其读数R=              .

(2)然后用以下器材用伏安法尽可能精确地测量其电阻:

A. 电流表: 量程为0.6A,内阻约为0.1Ω

B. 电压表: 量程为3V,内阻约为3kΩ

C. 滑动变阻器:最大阻值为20Ω,额定电流1A

D. 低压直流电源:电压6V,内阻忽略

F. 电键K,导线若干

在方框中画出实验电路图.

(3)如果实验中电流表示数为I,电压表示数为U,并测出该棒的长度为L、直径为d,则该材料的电阻率ρ=                   (用测出的物理量的符号表示).

 

23. “嫦娥一号”探月卫星的成功发射,实现了中华民族千年奔月的梦想。假若我国的航天员登上某一星球并在该星球表面上做了如下图所示的力学实验:让质量为m=1.0kg的小滑块以v0=1m/s的初速度从倾角为53°的斜面AB的顶点A滑下,到达B点后恰好能沿倾角为37°的斜面到达C点。不计滑过B点时的机械能损失,滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数均为,测得AC两点离B点所在水平面的高度分别为h1=1.2mh2=0.5m。已知sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8,不计该星球的自转以及其他星球对它的作用。

(1)求该星球表面的重力加速度

(2)若测得该星球的半径为m,宇航员要在该星球上发射一颗探测器绕其做匀速圆

         

         

(3)取地球半径m,地球表面的重力加速度g0=10m/s2,求该星球的平均密度与地球的平均密度之比

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24.今年8月,举世瞩目的奥林匹克运动会将在北京举行. 广西是“举重之乡”,广西举重运动员曾多次在各种国际大赛中获得金牌,相信今年奥运会广西举重运动员也将会有不俗表现.“抓举”是举重的一个项目,其技术动作可分为预备、提杠铃、发力、下蹲支撑、起立、放下杠铃等六个步骤,照片表示了其中的几个状态. 已知杠铃质量m=150kg,运动员从发力到支撑历时t=0.8s,这个过程杠铃上升高度h=0.6m,若将运动员发力时的作用力简化成竖直向上的恒力F,取g=10m/s2,则在该过程中:

(1)杠铃做什么运动?

(2)恒力F有多大?

 

 

 

25.一质量为m、带电量为+q的粒子以速度v从O点沿y轴正方向射入一圆形匀强磁场区域(O点在磁场区域内),磁场方向垂直纸面向外,粒子飞出磁场区域后,从b处穿过x轴,速度方向与x轴正方向的夹角为30°,同时进入场强为E,方向沿x辆负方向成60°角斜向下的匀强电场中,通过了b点正下方c点,如图所示,已知b到O的距离为L,粒子的重力不计,试求:

(1)磁感应强度B;

(2)圆形匀强磁场区域的最小面积;

(3)c点到b点的距离。

 

 

 

 

答案:

14.C  15.C  16.C   17.A  18.ABC   

19.C木板条由静止开始,先做初速度为零的匀加速直线运动,加速度为a =μg=1.6m /s2,当木板的速度等于轮子边缘的线速度=1.6m/s时,向左通过的位移为0.8 m,由于< d,所以木板条继续向左匀速直线运动,位移为s2= d ?s1= 0.8m。加速阶段s,匀速阶段s,故总时间为1.5 s,所以选项C正确。

20.BD

21、BD

22. (1)200Ω   

(2)电路如图

(3)

23.

(1)小滑块从AC的过程中,由动能定理得

                                                                      

代入数值解得  g=6m/s2                                          

(2)设探测器质量为,探测器绕该星球表面做匀速圆周运动时运行速度最大,由牛顿第二定律和万有引力定律得

   (2分)又    (2分)解得

代入数值解得  v=6 km/s 

(3)由星球密度  得该星球的平均密度与地球的平均密度之比              代入数值解得    

 

24. 杠铃先做匀加速运动,后做竖直上抛运动 

      从发力到支撑,设最大速度为,则    

      匀加速阶段:           

      竖直上抛阶段:    

      可求出:   恒力F=1846.2 N 

 

25. 解:(1)粒子在磁场中做匀速圆周运动,设半径为R, ①…

据此并由题意知,粒子在磁场中的轨迹的圆心C必在x轴上,且b点在磁场区之外,过b沿速度方向作延长线,它与y轴相交于d点,作圆孤过O点与y轴相切,并且与bd相切,切点a即粒子离开磁场区的地点,这样也求得圆孤轨迹的圆心C,如图所示,由图中几何关系得:L=3R    

由①、②求得     

(2)要使磁场的区域有最小面积,则Oa应为磁场区域的直径,由几何关系知:

  ④由②、④得 

∴匀强磁场的最小面积为:

(3)带电粒子进入电场后,由于速度方向与电场力方向垂直,故做类平抛运动,由运动的合成知识有:

…联立解得:

 

 

 

试题详情

理科综合训练(十七)(物理部分)

14.2006年的朝鲜“核危机”曾引起全球的瞩目,其焦点问题就是朝鲜核电站采用轻水堆还是重水堆,重水堆核电站在发电的同时还可以生产出可供研制核武器的钚239().这种钚239()可以由铀经过n次β衰变而产生,则

    A.n=2      B.n=239     C.n=145     D.n=92

15.设有一分子位于如图所示的坐标系原点O处不动,另一分子可位于x轴上不同位置处,图中纵坐标表示这两个分子间作用力的大小,两条曲线分别表示斥力和引力的大小随两分子间距离变化的关系,e为两曲线的交点,则

A.ab表示斥力,cd表示引力,e点的横坐标可能为1010m

B.ab表示斥力,cd表示引力,e点的横坐标可能为1015m

C.ab表示引力,cd表示斥力,e点的横坐标可能为1010m

D.ab表示引力,cd表示斥力,e点的横坐标可能为1015m

 

16.一列向x轴正方向传播的简谐横波在t=0时的波形如图所示,A、B、C分别是x=0、x=1m和x=2m处的三个质点.已知该波周期为4s,则

A.对质点A来说,在第1s内一直向+y方向运动

B.对质点A来说,在第1s内回复力对它做负功

C.对质点B和C来说,在第1s内它们的运动方向相同

D.对质点B和C来说,在第1s内回复力对它们做功不相同

 

17.AB两个点电荷在真空中所产生电场的电场线(方向未

标出)如图所示.图中C点为两点电荷连线的中点,MN

为两点电荷连线的中垂线,D为中垂线上的一点,电场线

的分布关于MN左右对称.则下列说法中不正确的是

A.这两个点电荷一定是等量异种电荷

B.这两个点电荷一定是等量同种电荷

C.CD两点的电势一定相等

D.C点的电场强度比D点的电场强度大

 

文本框:  18“不经历风雨怎么见彩虹”,彩虹的产生原因是光的色散,如图所示为太阳光射到空气中的小水珠发生色散形成彩虹的光路示意图,a、b为两种折射出的单色光.以下说法正确的是

A.a光光子能量大于b光光子能量

B.在水珠中a光的传播速度大于b光的传播速度

C.用同一双缝干涉装置看到的a光干涉条纹间距比b光宽

D.如果b光能使某金属发生光电效应,则a光也一定能使该金属发生光电效应

 

19.在高纬度地区的高空,大气稀薄,常出现五颜六色的弧状、带状或幕状的极其美丽壮观的发光现象,这就是我们常说的“极光”.“极光”是由太阳发射的高速带电粒子受地磁场的影响,进入两极附近时,撞击并激发高空中的空气分子和原子引起的.假如我们在北极地区忽然发现正上方的高空出现了射向地球的沿顺时针方向生成的紫色弧状极光(显示带电粒子的运动轨迹).则关于引起这一现象的高速粒子的电性及弧状极光的弯曲程度的说法中,正确的是

A.高速粒子带负电                      B.高速粒子带正电

C.轨迹半径逐渐减小                    D.轨迹半径逐渐增大

 

20.如图斜面ABC,AB段是光滑的,BC段有摩擦.某物体从A点由静止开始下滑,当滑至C点时恰好停止,则下列说法正确的是:     

A.BC段的长度总大于AB段,但BC段的摩擦系数越大时,BC段的长度越接近AB段的长度

B.BC段的长度总大于AB段,但BC段的摩擦系数越小时,BC段的长度越接近AB段的长度

C.在θ角小到一定值时,只要BC段的摩擦系数适当,AB段的长度可以大于BC段的长度

D.θ=30°时,选择适当的摩擦因数,可使得AB的长度大于BC段的长度

 

21. 如图所示水平光滑的平行金属导轨,左端接有电阻R,匀强磁场B竖直向下分布在导轨所在空间内,质量一定的金属棒PQ垂直于导轨放置.今使棒以一定的初速度v0向右运动,当其通过位置a、b时,速率分别为va、vb,到位置c时棒刚好静止.设导轨与棒的电阻均不计,a、b与b、c的间距相等,则金属棒在由ab与bc的两个过程中

A.棒运动的加速度相等

B.通过棒横截面的电量不相等

C.回路中产生的电能Eab=3Ebc

D.棒通过a、b两位置时速率关系为va>2 vb

 

22. (1)下图是用游标为50分度的卡尺测定某一长度时的示数,读数为       mm

  单位:cm                           

 

  

 

(2)、用下列器材,测定小灯泡的额定功率

A.待测小灯泡,额定电压6V,额定功率约为3W

B.电流表:量程0.6A、内阻约为0.5Ω   

C.电压表:量程3V、内阻约为5kΩ

D.滑动变阻器R:最大阻值20Ω、额定电流1A

E.电源:电动势10V、内阻很小     

F.定值电阻:R0=10kΩ

G.开关一个,导线若干

(1)画出实验电路图

(2)实验中,电压表的示数应调为多少?若此时电流表示数为 I (A),则小灯泡的额定功率为多大?

 

 

23.(16分)计划发射一颗距离地面高度为地球半径R0的圆形轨道地球卫星,卫星轨道平面与赤道片面重合,已知地球表面重力加速度为g,

(1)求出卫星绕地心运动周期T.

(2)设地球自转周期T0,该卫星绕地旋转方向与地球自转方向相同,则在赤道上一点的人能连续看到该卫星的时间是多少?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24.(19分)如图所示,有两根足够长的光滑金属导轨PQMN,固定在水平面上,相距为L,在两导轨之间分布着竖直向上的匀强磁场,磁感应强度大小为B。将两根长均为L,电阻均为R的金属棒abcd放置在导轨上,ab的质量为mcd的质量为2m。现用水平恒力F作用在金属棒ab上,使金属棒由静止开始沿导轨向左运动,经过一段时间后,金属棒abcd具有相同的加速度,且此时金属棒ab的速度是cd速度的2倍。若导轨的电阻不计,求:

⑴金属棒abcd所具有的相同加速度的大小;

⑵当金属棒abcd具有相同加速度时的ab棒的速度大小;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25.(20分)物块A与竖直轻弹簧相连,放在水平地面上,一个物块B由距弹簧上端OH高处自由落下,落到弹簧上端后将弹簧压缩.为了研究物块B下落的速度随时间变化的规律和物块A对地面的压力随时间变化的规律,某位同学在物块A的正下方放置一个压力传感器,测量物块A对地面的压力,在物块B的正上方放置一个速度传感器,测量物块B下落的速度.在实验中测得:物块A对地面的最小压力为P1,当物块B有最大速度时,物块A对地面的压力为P2.已知弹簧的劲度系数为k,物块B的最大速度为v,重力加速度为g,不计弹簧的质量.

(1)物块A的质量.

(2)物块B在压缩弹簧开始直到B达到最大速度的过程中,它对弹簧做的功.

(3)若用T表示物块B的速度由v减到零所用的时间,用P3表示物块A对地面的最大压力,试推测:物块的速度由v减到零的过程中,物块A对地面的压力P随时间t变化的规律可能是下列函数中的(要求说明推测的依据)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

试题详情

重庆八中高2009级高三下第一次月考

数学试题(文科)

试题详情

理科综合训练(十六)(物理部分)

14.2005年2月16日《京都议定书》正式生效,这是人类历史上首次依法规定限制温室气体排放,地球的大气层中,基本不变的成分为氧气、氮气、氢气等,占大气总量的99.96%,可变气体成分主要有二氧化碳(CO2)、水蒸气和臭氧等,这些气体的含量很少,但对大气物理状况影响却很大,据研究:人类燃烧矿物燃料放出大量CO2,使大气中的CO2浓度不断增大,是导致“温室效应”的主要原因,即:使大气的平均温度上升,从而导致一系列生态环境问题,由此可判断:CO2比大气中的氧气、氮气、氢气等基本不变的气体成分

A.对可见光的吸收作用强         B.对无线电波的吸收作用强

C.对紫外线的吸收作用强         D.对红外线的吸收作用强

15.如图是氧气分子在不同温度(0℃100℃)下的速率分布,由图可得信息

A.同一温度下,氧气分子呈现出“中间多、两头少”的分布规律

B.随着温度的升高,每一个氧气分子的速率都增大

C.随着温度的升高,氧气分子中速率小的分子所占的比例高

D.随着温度的升高,氧气分子的平均速率变小

16.如右图为一列简谐横波某一时刻的波形图,其中a、b两质点的位移大小相等,则以下判断正确的是

A.再经过一个周期,a、b位移大小仍相等

B.再经过半个周期,a、b位移大小仍相等

C.再经过半个周期,a、b速度相等

D.某一时刻a、b有可能同时经过平衡位置

17.2004年我国和欧盟合作的建国以来最大的国际科技合作计划“伽利略计划”将进入全面实施阶段,这标志着欧洲和我国都将拥有自己的卫星导航定位系统,并将结束美国全球定位系统(GPS)在世界独占鳌头的局面。据悉“伽利略”卫星定位系统将由30颗轨道卫星组成,卫星的轨道高度为2.4×204km,倾角为56°,分布在3个轨道上,每个轨道面部署9颗工作卫星和1颗在轨备份卫星。当某颗卫星出现故障时可及时顶替工作。若某颗替补卫星处在略低于工作卫星的轨道上,则这颗卫星的周期和速度与工作卫星相比较,以下说法中正确的是

A.替补卫星的周期大于工作卫星的周期,速度大于工作卫星的速度

B.替补卫星的周期小于工作卫星的周期,速度小于工作卫星的速度

C.替补卫星的周期大于工作卫星的周期,速度小于工作卫星的速度

D.替补卫星的周期小于工作卫星的周期,速度大于工作卫星的速度

18.为了科学研究的需要,常常将质子()和α粒子()等带电粒子贮存在圆环状空腔中,圆环状空腔置于一个与圆环平面垂直的匀强磁场(偏转磁场)中,磁感应强度为B。如果质子和α粒子在空腔中做圆周运动的轨迹相同(如图中虚线所示),偏转磁场也相同。比较质子和α粒子在圆环状空腔中运动的动能EH和Eα,运动的周期TH和Tα的大小,有

A.EH=Eα,TH≠Tα             B.EH=Eα,TH=Tα

C.EH≠Eα,TH≠Tα                D.EH≠Eα,TH=Tα

 

19.如图所示,真空中一半径为R、质量分布均匀的玻璃球,频率为v的细激光束在真空中沿直线BC传播,于玻璃球表面的C点经折射进入小球,并在玻璃球表面的D点又经折射进入真空中,已知∠COD=120°,玻璃球对该激光的折射率为,则下列说法中正确的是

A.激光束在C点的入射角α=60°

B.此激光束在玻璃中穿越的时间为t=(其中c为光在真空中的传播速度)

C.一个光子在穿过玻璃球的过程中能量逐渐变小

D.改变入射角α的大小,细激光束可能在球表面C处发生全反射

20.如图所示,小球B刚好放在真空容器A内,将它们以初速度v0竖直向上抛出,下列说法中正确的是

A.若不计空气阻力,上升过程中,B对A的压力向上

B.若考虑空气阻力,上升过程中,B对A的压力向上

C.若考虑空气阻力,上升过程中,B对A的压力向下

D.若不计空气阻力,上升过程中,B对A的压力向下

21.如图所示,绝缘光滑的半圆轨道位于竖直平面,竖直向下的匀强电场E穿过其中,在轨道的上缘有一个质量为m,带电量为+q的小球,由静止开始由半圆形轨道的顶点沿轨道运动,下列说法正确的是

A.小球运动过程中机械能守恒

B.小球在轨道最低点时速度最大

C.小球在最低点对轨道的压力为mg+qE

D.小球在最低点对轨道的压力为3(mg+qE)

22.(1)有一根粗细均匀的金属电阻线,用螺旋测微器测直径时,示数如图所示,读数为______________mm。

(2)从下列器材中选出适当的器材,设计一个测量电路来测量电流表A1的内阻r1,要求方法简捷,有尽可能高的测量精度,并能测得多组数据。待测电流表A1(量程10mA,内阻r1约为40Ω),电流表A2(量程500μA,内阻r2为750Ω),电压表V(量程10V,内阻r3约为10kΩ),电阻R1(阻值约为100Ω,起保护电阻的作用),滑动变阻器R2(总阻值约为50Ω),电源E(电动势为1.5V,内阻很小),此外还有开关S和导线若干。

①画出电路图,标明所用器材代号。

 

 

 

 

 

 

②若选测量数据中的一组来计算电流表A1的内阻,则所用的表达式为r1=___________,式中各符号的意义是______________________________________。

23.宇航员在某一星球上以速度v0竖直向上抛出一小球,经过时间t,小球又落回到原抛出点,然后他用一根长为l的细绳把一个质量为m的小球悬挂在O点,使小球处于静止状态,如图所示,现在最低点给小球一个水平向右的冲量I,使小球能在竖直平面内沿圆周经过悬点正上方,则冲量I满足什么条件?

 

 

24.2003年诺贝尔物理奖授予俄罗斯的阿布里科索夫、金兹布尔格和英国人(后加入美国国籍)利盖特三位科学家,以表彰他们在超导电体和超流体方面做出了开创性的贡献。磁悬浮列车的运行原理可简化为如图所示的模型,在水平面上,两根平行直导轨间有竖直方向且等距离分布的匀强磁场B1和B2,导轨上有金属框abcd,金属框宽度ab与磁场B1、B2宽度相同。当匀强磁场B1和B2同时以速度v0沿直导轨向右做匀速运动时,金属框也会沿直导轨运动,设直导轨间距为L,B1=B2=B,金属框的电阻为R,金属框运动时受到的阻力恒为F,则金属框运动的最大速度为多少?

 

 

 

 

25.质量mA=3.0kg、长度L=0.60m、电量q=+4.0×105C的导体板A在绝缘水平面上,质量mB1.0kg可视为质点的绝缘物块B在导体板A上的左端,开始时A、B保持相对静止一起向右滑动,当它们的速度减小到v0=3.0m/s时,立即施加一个方向水平向左、场强大小E=1.0×105N/C的匀强电场,此时A的右端到竖直绝缘挡板的距离为S,此后A、B始终处在匀强电场中,如图所示。假定A与挡板碰撞时间极短且无机械能损失,A与B之间(动摩擦因数μ1=0.25)及A与地面之间(动摩擦因数μ2=0.10)的最大静摩擦力可认为等于其滑动摩擦力,g取10m/s2。试求要使B不从A上滑下,S应满足的条件。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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