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云南省2009届高三第二次统测

数学(理)

 

本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分,考试用时120分钟。

 

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)

 

注意事项:

    1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚,并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目,在规定的位置贴好条形码。

2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。

参考公式:

如果事件A、B互斥,那么              球的表面积公式

P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)                       6ec8aac122bd4f6e

如果事件A、B相互独立,那么

P(A?B)=P(A)?P(B)                   其中R表示球的半径

如果事件A在一次试验中发生的概率是    球的体积公式

P,那么n次独立重复试验中事件A恰        6ec8aac122bd4f6e

好发生k次的概率                       其中R表示球的半径

    6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

本卷共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

 

试题详情

云南省2009届高三第二次统测

数学(文)

 

本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分,考试用时120分钟。

 

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)

 

注意事项:

    1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚,并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目,在规定的位置贴好条形码。

2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。

参考公式:

如果事件A、B互斥,那么              球的表面积公式

P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)                       6ec8aac122bd4f6e

如果事件A、B相互独立,那么

P(A?B)=P(A)?P(B)                   其中R表示球的半径

如果事件A在一次试验中发生的概率是    球的体积公式

P,那么n次独立重复试验中事件A恰        6ec8aac122bd4f6e

好发生k次的概率                       其中R表示球的半径

    6ec8aac122bd4f6e

本卷共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

试题详情

1.      Fireworks add to the attraction of the festival night.

2.      "We're having a class," she said, adding that "it was a newly open kindergarten sponsored by the church."

3.      Can you tell us the main point of the story?

4.      "that's the man who did it," she said, pointing to me.

5.      The robber pointed a gun at the bank clerk.

6.      You will tell your friend that you are concerned bout him but you have to go to class.

7.      Present at the meeting were leading members of the departments concerned.

8.      This book deals with questions concerning Anti-Japanese War.

9.      I will take my share of the expenses.,

10.   He is the only person who shares my opinion.

11.   I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.

12.   You'll have to work like crazy to get this finished.

13.   There is so much suffering in this world.

14.   The collapse of the World Trade Center has put US economy in a difficult situation.

15.   you will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.

16.   Please keep still while I take photos of you.

17.   Please keep quiet when you're listening to your teacher.

18.   All present were shocked by what the little girl went through when she was cheated and sold to the mountain village.

19.   I would not go to London for the mere purpose of buying a new hat.

20.   It is the first time that she has talked with an English.

21.   ---How come a simple meal like this costs so much?

a)         ---We have included in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now.

22.   ---Will $200 cover the cost of the damage?

a)         ---I'm afraid not. I need at least 100 more.

23.   Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.

24.   They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.

25.   The officer commanded his men to open fire.

26.   He has good command of the French language.(掌握)

27.   They recognized him as / to be a great leader.

28.   Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.

29.   I give Mary full directions to enable her to find the house.(说明)

30.   Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

31.   More than one official has served the people heart and soul.

32.   He is more lazy than stupid.

33.   The role that our army played in flood control is very important.

34.   The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money.

35.   She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.

36.   We should think of the problems that may come up in the future.

37.   It came out that he had been stealing from his friends.

38.   She wondered uneasily what use she would make of this opportunity.

39.   You are really very kind. I'll never forget the favour you have done for me.

40.   If better use is made of your spare time, you'll make great progress in it.

41.   Imagine that you live in Qinghai Province.

42.   There are ten to choose from.

43.   She did nothing but  go away. / He has no choice but to lie down and lie down and sleep

44.   We choose him as our monitor.

45.   While shopping, people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need.

46.   He insisted on his correctness.

47.   Jane insisted that she had done noting wrong and that she should be treated properly.

48.   I insisted that a doctor be sent immediately.

49.   The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even if I told him I lived nearby.

50.   She gave me a determined look-the kind that said she wouldn't change her mind.

51.   Determined to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, "Wanted, an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl."

52.   He finally gave in to my view.

53.   Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice gave her away.

54.   Tom works very hard. His brother, on the contrary, doesn't do much at all.

55.   The climate here doesn't agree with her.

56.   Doctor don't agree about the medical effects of cold water swimming.(医生们就冷水浴的医疗作用持不同态度)

57.   You are silly not to have locked your car.

58.   They were badly shocked by the news.

59.   The peasant boy lay on his back on the ground with his hands trembing.

60.   He burst into tears at the sad news./ He burst out crying at the sad news.

61.   In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.

62.   He ruined his prospects by carelessness.

63.   I judge it better to tell her the truth.

64.   ---I apologize to you for my rudeness yesterday, Mary.

---Never mind, and I think little of it.

65.   He got here earlier than usual.

66.   The government is determind to put an end to terrorism.

67.   He didn't go there by bike; he walked there, instead.

68.   Instead of seeing sights, Edison would spend the time reading in the public lirary.

69.   It is too long a journey to make in one day.

70.  Her father advised her against marrying in haste.

试题详情

2009年高考数学第二轮执点专题测试:不等式(含详解)

试题详情

1.      What he said led us to believe he was right.

2.      Success lies in hard work while laziness can lead to failure.

3.      All the leading newspapers reported the news.

4.      Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

5.      His answer was so confused that I could hardly make sense of.

6.      The mother didn't know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

7.      Mr. Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.

8.      So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an earthquake outbreak.

9.      He bought a computer the day he got his salary.

10.   Not a single mistake did he make.

11.   The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

12.   How do you suggest we(should)go to Beijing for our holidays.

13.   Puzzled by his problem I didn't know how to answer.

14.   You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.

15.   He divided his time between reading and writing. (在…之间平分)

16.   England can be divided into three main areas.

17.   As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends.

18.   Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.

19.   I kept my reference near my desk for convenience.

20.   Under the influence of my friends, I bought a coat, too.

21.   However, these industrial cities do not have historical attractions of other places.

22.   Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl form London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

23.   These tickets are available on the day of issue only.

24.   Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.

25.   Nowadays many farmers want to break away from their lands and make a living in the cities.

26.   In copying this paper, be careful not to leave out any words.

27.   The manager is in charge of the factory; that is to say, the factory is in the charge of him.

28.   There seems to be something wrong with her.

29.   My first impression of him was favorable(讨人喜欢的).

30.   My father impressed value of hard work on me.

31.   You reminded me of your father when you say that.

32.   Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.

33.   The hospital aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.

34.   He lacks confidence.

35.   The trip was cancelled for lack of time.

36.   The book is completely lacking in originality.

37.   Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.

38.   I have been known to faint at the sight of blood.  

39.   Out of sight, out of mind.

40.   He assisted us to establish a new company.

41.   Two students assisted me with the experiment.

42.   They came to our assistance soon after they received our phone.(以上用法同aid)

43.   These pets require a lot of care and attention.

44.   The house requires(needs/ wants)cleaning / to be cleaned.,

45.   All passengers are required to show their tickets.

46.   All of us required of him whether he had heard form Helen recently.(require sth.of sb.)

47.   They are working against time to get people out of the rubble alive.

48.   When his parents died he had to learn to stand on his own feet.

49.   Make sure that no one finds out about this.

50.   We must study English hard, or we are not good at English, are we?(并列句的反意疑问句就近一致)

51.   We are good friends though he is ten years senior to me.

52.   Please state your name, age and occupation below.

53.   He occupies himself in collecting stamps.

54.   In case it rains, the picnic will be put off to next week.

55.   I shall stay at home all day in case there is news of my daughter.

56.   Stop talking and concentrate on your work.

57.   I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.

58.   The police had to employ(use)force to break into the building.

59.   He often accuses me of my carelessness.

60.   The door opens and closes of itself.

61.   We say a good reporter must have a "nose" for a story.

62.   It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

→Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

63.   John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized(承认功绩等)the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.

64.   Most students have been present at the speech by Mr. Smith but some naughty boys were absent form it.

65.   It's so hot today, but the electric fan isn't working.

66.   His father is electrical engineer.

67.   It so happened that I had no money with me.(碰巧)

→ I happened to have no money with me.

→ As it happens, I had no money with me.

68.   I finally managed to get the car working again.

69.   When did you get knowing him?

70.   The teacher got us to discuss the problems by ourselves.

71.   You will get to understand the importance of learning English soon.

72.   Look! That Mr. Smith gets drunk again.

73.   You'd better get your hair cut. It's too long for a boy student.

试题详情

2009届高三化学各地月考试题汇编:反应热(2)

1.(武汉一中新疆班09高三年级化学)(15分)根据下列事实完成下列反应方程式:

(1)AsH3是一种很强的还原剂,室温下,它能在空气中自燃,其氧化产物为As2O3,写出反应的化学方程式                                           

(2)NaNO3与氢碘酸反应,放出NO气体并有单质碘生成                            

(3)白磷在一定条件下可被HClO3的水溶液氧化,生成磷的最高价态化合物,而氯元素被还原为最低价态    ______________________________________                

(4)砷为氮族元素,其氧化物As2O3俗称砒霜,有剧毒可用马氏试砷法来检验,其原理是:将锌、盐酸和食物试样混合,若含有砒霜,则会产生砷化氢气体,这一反应的离子方程式是                                                         

(5)在火箭推进器中装有强还原剂肼(N2H4)和强氧化剂H2O2,当它们混合时,即产生大量氮气和水蒸气,并放出大量热。已知0.4 mol液态肼和足量液态H2O2反应,生成氮气和水蒸气,放出256.65 kJ的热量。写出此反应的热化学方程式:                                        。

答案

(1) 2AsH3+3O2= As2O3+3H2O    (2)2NaNO3+8HI=2NO+3I2+2NaI+4H2O

(3)3P4+10 HClO3 +18H2O=12H3PO4+10HCl   (4)6Zn+As2O3+12H+=6Zn2++2AsH3↑+3H2O

(5)N2H4(l)+2 H2O 2(l)= N2(g) + 4H2O(g); △H= -641.625 kJ.mol-1

2.(重庆北山中学高2009级08~09学年度上期期末) (14分)反应A(g)+B(g)C(g) +D(g)过程中的能量变化如图所示,回答下列问题。

(1)该反应是____________________反应(填“吸热”“放热”);

(2)当反应达到平衡时,升高温度,A的转化率______(填“增大”“减小”“不变”),

原因是________________________________________________________________________________;

(3)反应体系中加入催化剂对反应热是否有影响?_______________,原因是_____________________________。

(4)在反应体系中加入催化剂,反应速率增大,E1和E2的变化是:E1_____,E2______(填“增大”“减小”“不变”)。

答案

.(14分) (1)放热。

(2)减小;该反应正反应为放热反应,升高温度使平衡向逆反应方向移动。

(3)不影响;催化剂不改变平衡的移动。

(4)减小、减小。

3.(重庆北山中学高2009级08~09学年度上期期末)工业上制备纯硅反应的热化学方程式如下: SiCl4(g)+2H2(g)===Si(s)+4HCl(g);△H=+QkJ?mol1(Q>0)某温度、压强下,将一定量的反应物通入密闭容器进行以上的反应(此条件下为可逆反应),下列叙述正确的是(  D  )

A.反应过程中,若增大压强能提高SiCl4的转化率

B.若反应开始时SiCl4为1mol,则达到平衡时,吸收热量为QkJ

C.反应至4min时,若HCl的浓度为0.12mol?L1,则H2的反应速率为0.03mol/(L?min)

D.当反应吸收热量为0.025QkJ时,生成的HCl通入100mL1mol?L1的NaOH恰好反应

4.(飞龙中学2009届理科复习班第四次理科综合 )(17分)现有A、B、C、D、E、F六种短周期元素,原子序数依次增大。已知A与D、C与E分别同主族,D、E、F同周期;A、B的最外层电子数之和与C的最外层电子数相等,A与C形成的化合物常温下均为液态,A分别与E、F形成的气体分子电子总数相等。

请回答下列问题:

(1)元素B在周期表中的位置是_____________________,元素D的原子结构示意图为_________________________。

(2)A、D、E 3种元素形成一种离子化合物,其水溶液呈碱性,试用离子方程式表示该溶液中存在的所有平衡______________________________________

________________________________________________________________。

(3)A2C比A2E沸点高的原因是______________________________________。

(4)在一定条件下,A、C的单质和A、C、D形成的离子化合物的水溶液可构成电池,该电池正极的电极反应式为_________________________________,负极的电极反应式为______________________________;该电池在放电过程中,电解质溶液的pH将___________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。

(5)化合物B2A4和B2C4的液体曾被用作火箭推进剂,燃烧反应的生成物是一种气态单质和一种化合物,它们对环境无污染。1 mol B2A4与B2C4完全反应生成两种气体时放出热量516.8 kJ,则该反应的热化学方程式为

_________________________________________________________________。

答案

 

 

5.(绵中高2009级第五期第三次学月考试)已知一定温度和压强下,合成氨反应:N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g);△H=-92.0KJ?mol-1

将1mol N2和3mol H2充入一密闭容器中,保持恒温恒压,在催化剂存在时进行反应,达到平衡时,测得N2的转化率为20%。若在相同条件下,起始时在该容器中充入2mol NH3,反应达到平衡时的热量变化是( C )www.ks5u.com

A.吸收18.4KJ热量         B.放出18.4KJ热量

C.吸收73.6KJ热量         D.放出73.6KJ热量

6.(江宁高级中学08~09学年度第一学期高三年级12月月考三 校 联 考 )中学化学教材中有大量数据,下列为某同学对数据的利用情况,其中不正确的是( C )

     A.用反应物、产物中键能数据可判断对应反应的反应热

     B.用沸点数据推测将一些液体混合物用分镏的方法分离开来的可能性

     C.用反应热数据的大小判断不同反应的反应速率的快慢

D.用卤素阴离子半径数据推断其还原性的强弱

7.(河南省郑州市一中2009届高三年级11月期中考 )下列关于热化学反应的描述中正确的是(   B )

    A.HCI和NaOH反应的中和热ΔH=-57.3kJ/mol,则H2SO4和Ca(OH) 2反应的中

和热△H=2×(-57.3)KJ/mol

    B.CO(g)的燃烧热是283.0kJ/mol,则2CO2 (g)=2CO(g)+O2 (g)反应的

       △H=2×283.0kJ/molw.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

    C.需要加热才能发生的反应一定是吸热反应

    D.1mol甲烷燃烧生成气态水和二氧化碳所放出的热量是甲烷的燃烧热

8.(河南省实验中学高三年级2008―2009学年上期期中考试)红磷P(s)和Cl2(g)发生反应生成PCl3(g)和PCl5(g)。反应过程和能量关系如图所示(图中的△H表示生成1mol产物的数据)。

根据右图回答下列问题:

(1)原子最外层电子均达到8电子结构的分子是

               选填“PCl3或“PCl5)。

(2)P和Cl2反应生成PCl3的热化学方程式

______                                 _。

(3) PCl5分解成PCl3和Cl2的热化学方程式__________________            _    

(4)PCl5与足量水充分反应,最终生成两种酸,其化学方程式是

________________ ___                                             __。

答案

.(1)PCl3

(2) P(s)+Cl2(g)=== PCl3(g);△H=-306kJ?mol1   (3分)

(3) PCl5(g)===PCl3(g)+Cl2(g);△H=+93kJ?mol1    (3分)

(4)PCl5+4H2O===H3PO4+5HCl。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

9.(石家庄二中2008―2009学年度高三第一学期期中考试)(6分)铍是一种高效率的火箭燃料,铍在燃烧时能释放出巨大的能量:每千克铍完全燃烧放出的热量为627100kJ。

   (1)写出铍燃烧的热化学方程式:

 

   (2)写出氧化铍与盐酸的反应的离子方程式:

10.(石家庄二中2008―2009学年度高三第一学期期中考试)已知反应:①101kPa时,2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g); △H=-221kJ/mol

②稀溶液中,H+(aq)+OH(aq)=H2O(1);△H=-57.3kJ/mol

③红磷的化学式为P,白磷的化学式为P4,已知

P4(s)+5O2(g)=P4O10(s);△H=-3093.5kJ/mol

4P(s)+5O2(g)=P4O10(s);△H=-2954.0kJ/mol

下列结论正确的是                                                                                           ( B   )

A.由于红磷转化为白磷是放热反应,等质量的红磷能量比白磷低

B.碳的燃烧热大于110.5kJ/mol

C.稀硫酸与稀NaOH溶液反应的中和热△H=57.3kJ/mol

D.稀醋酸与稀NaOH溶液反应生成1mol水,放出57.3kJ热量

11.(自贡市高2009级高三理科综合能力测试“一模”)第29届奥运会已在北京举行,体操王子李宁凌空点火举世瞩目。2008年北京奥运会“祥云”火炬采用的是环保型燃料---丙烷(C3H8),悉尼奥运会火炬所用燃料为65%丁烷(C4H10)和35%丙烷,已知丙烷的燃烧热为:2221.5kJ/mol,下列有关说法正确的是( B )

A.丙烷的沸点比正丁烷高

B.奥运火炬燃烧主要是将化学能转变为热能和光能

C.丙烷、空气及铂片可组成燃料电池,在丙烷附近的铂极为电池的正极

D.丙烷燃烧的热化学方程式为:C3H8(g)+5O2(g)→3CO2(g)+4H2O(g);△H=?2221.5kJ/mol

12. (重庆八中高2009届级高三周末检测 )下列说法中正确的是( A )

A.已知:2H2O(l) = 2H2(g) + O2(g);  

H2O(l) = H2(g) +O2(g);   则

B.SO2通入硝酸钡溶液出现白色沉淀,该白色沉淀是BaSO3

C.因为常温下白磷可自燃,而氮气须在放电时才与氧气反应,所以非金属性:P> N

D.1 mol H2SO4与 1 mol Ba(OH)2反应生成 BaSO4沉淀时放出的热叫做中和热

13. (2008~2009学年度第一学期高三期中联考) (8分) (1).1840年,俄国化学家盖斯(Hess)指出:“一个化学反应,不论是一步完成,还是分几步完成,其总的热效应是完全相同的。”这就是著名的“盖斯定理”。现已知在101KPa下CH4、H2、C(固)的燃烧热分别为890.83KJ ?mol-1、285.83 KJ?mol-1和393.51 KJ?mol-1,则反应C(s)+2H2(g)=CH4(g)的反应热△H=           ,根据以上信息,你认为“盖斯定理”在我们确定一些化学反应的反应热时有何重要意义              

(2).氯化银在水中存在沉淀溶解平衡:

25℃时,氯化银的Ksp=1.8×10-10。现将足量氯化银分别放入:①100 mL蒸馏水中;②100 mL 0.1mol?L-1盐酸中;③100 mL 0.1mol?L-1氯化铝溶液中;④100 mL 0.1mol?L-1氯化镁溶液中。充分搅拌后,相同温度下,银离子浓度由大到小的顺序是          (填写序号)。在0.1mol?L-1氯化铝溶液中,银离子的浓度最大可达到            mol?L-1

答案

 

(1)-74.34 KJ ?mol-1 

对于一些很难用实验方法直接测定热量的化学反应的反应热可以用“盖斯定理”间接测定

(2)①>②>④>③    6×10-10w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

14.(09届南阳三仓高三化学联考)下列叙述中,不正确的是(D )

A.在相同条件下,焓变小于0而熵变大于0的反应肯定能自发进行

B.升高温度会加快化学反应速率,其原因是增加了活化分子的百分数

C.青石棉的化学式为Na2Fe5Si8O22(OH)2,用氧化物的形式可表示为:

Na2O?3FeO?Fe2O3?8SiO2?H2O

D.某离子被沉淀完全时,该离子在溶液中的浓度即为0

15.(09届南阳三仓高三化学联考) (14分)⑴北京奥运会“祥云”火炬燃料是丙烷(C3H8),亚特兰大奥运会火炬燃料是丙烯(C3H6)。

   ①丙烷脱氢可得丙烯。

      已知:C3H8(g)→CH4(g)+HC≡CH(g)+H2(g)  △H1=156.6 kJ?mol-1

      CH3CH=CH2(g)→CH4(g)+HC≡CH(g)  △H2=32.4 kJ?mol-1 

  则相同条件下,反应C3H8(g)→CH3CH=CH2 (g)+H2(g)的△H=         kJ?mol-1

文本框: 能量②以丙烷为燃料制作新型燃料电池,电池的正极通入O2和CO2,负极通入丙烷,电解质是熔融碳酸盐。电池反应总方程式为                      

                                          ;放电时,CO32

向电池的          (填“正”或“负”)极。

⑵反应A(g)+B(g) C(g)+D(g)过程中的能量变化如图所示,回答下列问题。

 ①该反应是_______________反应(填“吸热”“放热”);

 ②在反应体系中加入催化剂,反应速率增大,E1和E2的变化是:E1_________,E2________(填“增大”“减小”“不变”);

 ③反应体系中加入催化剂对反应热是否有影响?_____________,原因是______________

______________________________________________________________________  ____。

答案

.(14分)⑴   ①124.2(2分)  ②C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H2O(2分)    负 (2分)  

            ⑵   ①放热 (2分)    ②减小 (2分)   减小(2分)

                 ③不影响(1分)    催化剂不改变平衡的移动 (1分)

16.(湖南汝城二中09高三第四次月考 )(6分)火箭推进器中盛有强还原剂液态肼(N2H4)和强氧化剂液态双氧水,它们混合反应,生成氮气和水蒸气。已知混合物共1摩尔且恰好完全反应时放出256.6kJ的热量。

(1)该反应的热化学方程式为                                               

(2)又已知H2O(l)=H2O(g);ΔH=+44kJ/mol。则16g液态肼与足量液态双氧水反应生成液态水时放出的热量是            kJ。

(3)此反应除释放大量热和快速产生大量气体外,还有一个很大的优点是          

元素编号

元素特征信息

A

其单质是密度最小的物质

B

阴离子带有两个单位的负电荷,单质是空气的主要成分之一

C

其阳离子与B的阴离子具有相同的电子层结构,且核电荷数与B相差3

D

与C同周期,且最外层电子是C的3倍

E

与D同周期,原子半径在该周期中最小

答案

6(1)N2H4(l)+2H2O(l)==N2(g)+4H2O(g)H=-769.8KJ/mol

   (2)    472.9KJ 

   (3) 产物为水和氮气,不会污染环境   每空2分)

17.(郑州市101中学2009届高三9月月考试卷)下列有关热化学方程式的叙述正确的是( C )

A.已知2H2(g)+O2(g)=== 2H2O(g);△H=-483.6kJ/mol,则H2的燃烧热为241.8kJ/mol

B.已知C(石墨,s)C(金刚石,s);△H>0,则金刚石比石墨稳定

C.含20.0g NaOH的稀溶液与稀盐酸完全中和,放出28.7kJ的热量,则表示该反应

中和热的热化学方程式为:NaOH(ag)+HCl(ag)NaCl(ag)+H2O(l);△H=-57.4kJ/mol

D.已知2C(s)+2O2(g)==2CO2(g);△H1   2C(s)+O2(g)==2CO(g);△H2   则△H1>△H2

18.(郑州市101中学2009届高三9月月考试卷) (7分)在化学反应中,只有极少数能量

比平均能量高得多的反应物分子发生碰撞时

才可能发生化学反应,这些分子被称为活化

分子。使普通分子变成活化分子所需提供的

最低限度的能量叫活化能,其单位通常用

kJ?mol-1表示。请认真观察右图,然后回答问题。

   (1)图中所示反应是________(填“吸热”或“放热”)反应,该反应_______(填“需要”或“不需要”)加热,该反应的△H =________(用含E1、E2的代数式表示)。

   (2)已知热化学方程式:H2(g)+1/2O2(g) = H2O(g)  △H = - 241.8 kJ?mol-1,该反应的活化能为167.2 kJ?mol-1,则其逆反应的活化能为____________________。

   (3)对于同一反应,图中虚线(Ⅱ)与实线(Ⅰ)相比,活化能大大降低,活化分子百分数增多,反应速率加快,你认为最可能的原因是_________________________。

答案

 (1)放热;      需要;     -(E1 - E2) kJ?mol-1

(2)409 kJ?mol-1;       (3)使用了催化剂。

19、(浙江省富阳新中2008(上)高三期中考试)工业上制备纯硅反应的热化学方程式如下:

SiCl4(g)+2H2(g)可逆符号 Si(s)+4HCl(g); △H=+QKJ /mol(Q>0),某温度、压强下,

将一定量反应物通入密闭容器进行以上反应,下列叙述正确的是       ( C  )

       A、反应过程中,若压缩容器体积,增大压强能提高SiCl4的转化率

       B、若反应开始时SiCl4为1 mol,则达平衡时,吸收热量为Q kJ

       C、当反应吸收热量为0.025Q kJ时,生成的HCl通入100 mL 1 mol/L的NaOH溶液恰好反应

       D、反应至4 min时,若HCl浓度为0.12 mol/L,则H2的反应速率为0.03 mol/(L?min)

20、(2009年高考理综12月化学考试题)、最近罗马大学Fulvio Cacace等人获得了极具理论研究意义的N4分子,N4分子结构如右图所示(与白磷P4相似)。已知断裂1mol N―N吸收167kJ热量,生成1mol 放出942kJ热量。由此判断下列说法正确的是( D )

 A.N4属于一种新型的化合物     B.N4与N2互为同分异构体

 C.N4沸点比P4(白磷)高       D.1molN4气体转变为N2将放出882kJ热量

21. (通辽一中08-09学年度高三第一学期第一次考试) (4分)  ①甲硅烷(SiH4)是一种无色气体,遇到空气能发生爆炸性自燃,生成SiO2和水,已知室温下1g甲硅烷自燃放出热量44.6kJ,其热化学方程式是_____________________________________________________

②13gC2H2(g)完全燃烧生成CO2和H2O(l)时放出650kJ热量,该反应燃烧热的化学方程式为________________________________________________。

答案

. (4分)① SiH4(g)+2O2(g)==SiO2(s)+2H2O(1)  △H==-1427.2kJ/mol

②C2H2(g)+2.5O2(g)=2CO2(g)+ H2O(1);△H=-1300kJ/mol

22. (通辽一中08-09学年度高三第一学期第一次考试) 1gH2(g)燃烧生成液态水放出

142.9kJ的热量,表示该反应的热化学方程式正确的是   

  A.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(1);△H=-142.9kJ/MOl

  B.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(1);△H=-571.6kJ/mol

  C.2H2+O2=2H2O;△H=-571.6kJ/mol  

  D.H2(g)+ O2(g)=H2O(g);  △H=-285.8kJ/mol

23.(湖北省天门中学08-09学年高三年级(实验班)十一月考试卷)将V1 mL 1.0 mol/L HCl溶液和V2 mL未知浓度的NaOH溶液混合均匀后测量并记录溶液温度,实验结果如图所示(实验中始终保持V1+V2=50 mL)。下列叙述正确的是( B  )

A.做该实验时环境温度为22          B.该实验表明化学能可以转化为热能

C.NaOH溶液的浓度约是1.00 mol/L     D.该实验表明有水生成的反应都是放热反应

24.(2008年秋季湖北省部分重点中学期中联考)根据热化学方程式:S(s)+O 2(g)====SO 2(g);△H= kJ?mol297.2)分析,下列说法不正确的是(B  )

A.S (s)在O2(g)中燃烧的反应是放热反应w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

B.S(g)+O 2(g)====SO 2(g);△H= kJ?mol,则

C.16 g固体硫在空气中充分燃烧,可放出148.6 kJ的热量

D.1 mol SO 2(g)所具有的能量低于1 mol S(s)与1 mol O 2(g)所具有的能量之和

25、( 广东天河中学09高三模拟)下列表述中正确的是( A )

A.1mol NaOH分别和1mol CH3COOH、1molHNO3反应,后者比前者放出的热量多

B.由C(石墨)→C(金刚石)△H=+119kJ?mol1可知,金刚石比石墨稳定

C.在AgNO3溶液中加入过量的稀盐酸后,溶液中不存在Ag

D. 任何能使熵值增大的过程都能自发进行

26、( 广东天河中学09高三模拟)(12分)工业制硫酸生产流程如下图:

98%硫酸

(1)在催化反应室,下列措施中有利于提高SO2平衡转化率的有                    

A.升高温度                 B.减少压强      

C.不断补充空气             D.及时分离出SO3

(2)在生产中,为提高催化剂效率采取了哪些措施?   

A、净化气体                            B、控制温度在400~500℃

 C、增大催化剂与反应气体的接触面积      D、不断补充空气

(3)已知2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g),ΔH=-196 kJ?mol-1。在450℃、常压和钒催化条件下向一密闭容器中充入2molSO2和1molO2,充分反应后,放出的热量______(填“<”“>”“=”)196kJ,理由是______________________________________________________。 

(4)经检测生产硫酸的原料气成分(体积分数)为SO27%、O211%、N282%。在500℃,0.1MPa条件下达到平衡时,各种气体的体积比为V(SO2):V(SO3):V(O2):V(N2)=0.46:6.5:7.7:82,则SO2的利用率为                   

(5)生产硫酸过程中的尾气通常用氨水吸收,请写出该反应的化学反应方程式                              

答案

  (1)C、D(2分)  (2)ABC(3分)

(3)① <(1分),在1atm和298K条件下,2mol SO2和1mol O2完全反应生成2mol SO3,放出196kJ热量,该反应为可逆反应,不可能进行完全,又因为反应温度为450℃,所以放出的热量小于196kJ (2分)(4)93.4%  (2分)

(5)2NH3?H2O+SO3= (NH42SO4+ H2O(1分)2NH3?H2O+SO2=(NH42SO3 + H2O(1分)

27.( 广东天河中学09高三模拟)能源与人类的生活和社会发展密切相关。下列关于能源开发和利用的说法错误的是

A.发电厂的煤经脱硫处理

B.将煤转化为水煤气作燃料

C.在农村提倡利用沼气作生活燃料

D.人类利用的能源都是通过化学反应获得的

 

28 (哈尔滨市第九中学2008―2009学年度高三第三次月考 )盖斯定律在生产和科学研究中有很重要的意义,有些反应的反应热虽然无法直接测得,但可以利用盖斯定律间接计算求得。已知3.6 g碳在6.4 g的氧气中燃烧,至反应物耗尽,并放出X kJ热量。已知单质碳的燃烧热为Y kJ/mol,则1mol C与O2反应生成CO的反应热△H为                                                   (   C )

       A.-Y kJ/mol                           B.-(10X-Y) kJ/mol  

       C.-(5X-0.5Y) kJ/mol                  D.+(10X-Y) kJ/mol

29.(哈尔滨德强中学2008―2009学年度高三第三次月考)已知热化学方程式2SO2(g)+ O2(g)2 SO3(g) ;△H= -Q kJ/mol(Q>0),则下列说法正确的是 ( A   )

A.2molSO2(g)和1mol O2(g)所具有的能量大于2 molSO3(g)所具有的能量

B.将2molSO2(g)和1mol O2(g)置于一密闭容器中充分反应后放出QKJ的热量

C.升高温度,平衡向逆反应移动,上述热化学方程式中的Q值将减小

D.如将一定量SO2(g)和 O2(g)置于某密闭容器中充分反应后放热QKJ,则此过程中有2molSO2(g)被还原

30.(洪雅中学高200910月份月考试题)(16分)A、B、C、D、E为元素周期表中前三周期元素形成的五种离子,A、B、C、D四种离子的电子数均比E的电子数少8。

(1)A与B结合成的化合物甲中既有离子键又有共价键,A与C结合成的化合物乙难溶于水,乙溶于甲的水溶液得无色透明溶液,C离子的结构示意图为                    ,

该反应的离子方程式为                                      

  (2)任何水溶液中都有A、D两种离子,D离子的电子式是                     。

  (3)B与E结合成化合物丙,其中离子数之比为2:1,A与D结合成化合物丁,丁跟丙反应产生无色无味的气体,该反应的化学方程式为                                  。

 (4)“神舟七号”飞船上的能量主要来自于太阳能和燃料电池,H2、O2和甲的水溶液可形成氢氧燃料电池,负极的电极反应为                             ,电极反应产生的水经冷凝后可作为航天员的饮用水,当得到1.8 L饮用水时,电池内转移的电子数约为                 。

  (5)有一种液态氮氢化合物戊,与E的电子数相同,是 “神舟七号”飞船发射时使用的高能燃料之一,结构分析发现该分子结构中只有单键,戊的电子式为                      ,8 g该液态戊与液态双氧水恰好完全反应,产生两种无毒又不污染环境的气态物质,放出375 kJ的热量,写出该反应的热化学方程式                                             

答案

(1).           (2分)    Al(OH)3 + OH== AlO2 + 2H2O (2分)

             

(2).(2分)       (3).2Na2O2 + 2H2O == 4 NaOH + O2↑(2分)

(4).   2H2+4OH-4e====4H2O (2分)     1.204×1026或200NA(2分)

(5).(2分)

 N2H4(l) + 2H2O2(l) = N2(g) + 4H2O(g);  △H=?1500 kJ/mol(2分)

 

31.(洪雅中学高200910月份月考试题)通常人们把拆开1 mol某化学键所吸收的能量看成该化学键的键能,化学反应的△H等于反应中断裂旧化学键的键能之和与反应中形成新化学键的键能之和的差。有关键能数据如下表:

化学键

Si―O

O=O

Si―Si

键能/kJ?mol-1

X

498.8

176

 

 

晶体硅在氧气中燃烧的热化学方程式为Si(s)+O2(g)=SiO2(s);= -989.2/kJ?mol-1,则X的值为( B )

    A.423.3         B.460            C.920       D. 1165.2

 

32.(北京市朝阳区2008~2009学年度高三年级第一学期期中统练)关于中和热的说法正确的是                                             (  C  )

A.中和热一定是强酸跟强碱反应放出的热量

    B.1 mol酸与1 mol碱完全反应放出的热量是中和热

    C.在稀溶液中,酸与碱发生中和反应生成1 mol H2O时的反应热叫做中和热

    D.表示中和热的离子方程式为:H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(1);ΔH = 57.3 kJ/mol

33(北京市朝阳区2008~2009学年度高三年级第一学期期中统练).“西气东输”工程使东部地区的居民告别了管道煤气用上了天然气。已知某管道煤气的主要成分是H2和CO,天然气的主要成分是CH4,它们燃烧的热化学方程式分别为:w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

        2H2(g) + O2(g)== 2H2O(l);         △H = -571.6 kJ/mol

        2CO(g) + O2(g)== CO2(g);         △H = -566 kJ/mol

        CH4(g) + 2O2(g) == CO2(g) + 2H2O(l);△H = -890.31 kJ/mol

当使用管道煤气的用户改用天然气后,在相同条件下燃烧等体积的可燃气体,理论上可获得的热量,后者大约是前者的                                         (  C  )

    A.1.3倍            B.1.6倍          C.3.1倍            D.0.8倍

34.(北京五中2008―2009学年第一学期高三期中考试)下列说法正确的是                                   (  A  )

       ①用25 mL酸式滴定管可以准确放出8.00 mL的稀盐酸;

       ②可用干燥的pH试纸测定氯水的pH;

       ③使用容量瓶配制溶液,定容时俯视,所得溶液的浓度偏大;

    ④加入盐酸有能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的无色气体生成,则原溶液中―定有大量CO32-存在;

    ⑤在某温度下,一定量的醋酸与氢氧化钠溶液充分混

合,若溶液呈碱性时,溶液中离子浓度大小的关系

一定为: c(Na+)? c(CH3COO)?

c(OH)? c(H+

右图是反应物和生成物的能量变化示意图,其可能发

生反应的热化学方程式可表示为:( )

2 A(g)+ B(g) = 2 C(g);△H=Q kJ?mol-1(Q<0 =。 

       A.①③⑥        B.②④⑤            C.①③④               D.③⑤⑥

35.(2008年吕叔湘中学高三化学试卷11月期中)设反应①Fe(s)+CO2(g)FeO(s)+CO(g);△H=Q1的平衡常数为K1,反应②Fe(s)+H2O(g) FeO(s)+H2(g);△H=Q2的平衡常数为K2,在不同温度下,K1、K2的值如下:

T/K

K1

K2

973

1.47

2.38

1 173

2.15

1.67

(1)从上表可推断,反应①是       (填“放”或“吸”)热反应。

(2)现有反应③H2(g)+CO2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g);△H=Q3平衡常数为K3

①根据反应①与②,可推断反应③是          (填“放”或“吸”)热反应。要使反应③在一定条件下建立的平衡右移,可采取的措施有       

A.缩小容器体积   B.降低温度   C.使用合适的催化剂 

D.设法减少CO的量  E.升高温度

②根据反应①与②推导出Q1、Q2、Q3的关系式Q3=      

 (3)现在恒容密闭容器中通入一定量CO2,再慢慢通入H2

使发生上述反应③,在其他条件不变时,若改变H2的起始量,

容器中CO的体积分数也随之改变,在图中画出CO的体积分

数随n(H2)变化的示意图。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

答案

.吸   吸   DE    Ql-Q2

36.(2009届黄冈市外国语学校高三10月质量检测)已知反应:①101kPa时,2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g);ΔH=-221 kJ/mol

②稀溶液中,H(aq)+OH(aq)=H2O(l);ΔH=-57.3 kJ/mol

③红磷的化学式为P,白磷的化学式为P4,已知

P4(s)+5O2(g)=P4O10(s)              ΔH=-3093.2 kJ/mol

4P (s)+5O2(g)=P4O10(s)             ΔH=-2954.0 kJ/mol

下列结论正确的是( B )

A.由于红磷转化为白磷是放热反应,等质量的红磷能量比白磷低

B.碳的燃烧热大于110.5 kJ/mol

C.稀硫酸与稀NaOH溶液反应的中和热△H=57.3 kJ/mol

D.稀醋酸与稀NaOH溶液反应生成1 mol水,放出57.3 kJ热量

37.(09黄冈八测化学试卷一)已知25℃、101kPa时,2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g);△H= 一483.6kJ/mol。下列说法或表达正确的是

  A.H2的燃烧热为241.8kJ/mol

  B.H2(g)+O2(g)=H2O(1);△H<一241.8kJ/mol

  C.H2(g)+ O2(g)=H2O(g);△H<一483.6kJ/mol

  D.1 mol H2与0.5 mol O2总能量小于1mol H2O(g)的总能量

38.(湖南省张家界市2008-2009学年度高三10月份联考 )甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池中将甲醇蒸气转化为氢气的两种反应原理是                              

    ①

    ②France, he picked up some French words.

9.      They again threatened to cut off aid to this nation.

10.   Pay special attention to intonation and try to bring out the humorous meaning.

11.   Settlers from all over the world bring in different customs and habits in 1850s.

12.   Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on banana skin?

13.   An old man was seated under a tree, with several dog running around.

14.   There are chances of students being killed by guns in Am. Schools.(几率,可能性)

15.   I'm confused to hear that he refused to take the job.

16.   Set in the 1930s, the film gives a vivid description of the people living at the bottom of society.  以…为背景

17.   How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden?

18.   .My mother keeps a dog, treating it as if it were her dear son.

19.   Even today the report of the noodle harvest is remembered as one of the best April Fool's jokes ever.

20.   The car needs major repairs.

21.   Her major is biology.

22.   We heard the approach of the train.

23.   All the approaches to the town are blocked.

24.   At last she decided on the three possible approaches.

25.   We are anxious about the approaching examination.

26.   Don't be too curious about what you are not supposed to know.

27.   A student should always be curious to learn.

28.   There was a note of optimism in what he said.

29.   These are all things worthy of note.  注意

30.   Did you take note of his changes.

31.   The officer told the soldiers to stand at ease.   稍息

32.   Take this medicine; it will ease the pain.

33.   What is the likeliest time to meet him?

34.   I will be interviewing the conference president this time tomorrow.

35.   Teaching in school can in no way be separated from practice.

36.   The work is well done in a / one way.

37.   ---Will you see(to it )that my rooms is cleaned during my absence?

---No problem.

38.   ---Jimmy had a lot of parties recently.

---Yes, that might account for why he didn't do well in the test.

39.   ---Do remember to write us an email as soon as you arrive in London and take good care of yourself!

---I've got it. Please set your heart as ease.

40.   There is a saying that actions speak louder than words.

41.   It is a great success for him as well as for the whole family.

42.   They charged me with neglecting my duty.  玩忽职守

43.   He took charge of the family business when her father died.

44.   Your reasons for not wanting to meet Smith may be many and various, but you still must meet him.

45.   He admitted having stolen a piece of priceless treasure.

46.   He is a teacher with 5 years of teaching experience.

47.   Well prepared, they set out for the new destination.

48.   Everybody laughed, but I couldn't understand what amused them.

49.   To her amusement, the actor's false hair fell off.

50.   Theme parks have a certain idea that the whole park is based on.

51.   They decided to base the new company in York.

52.   The past can come to life when we see how our ancestors dressed, worked and lived.

53.   The new teacher really bring English to life for us.

54.   She first made her name as a writer of children's book.

55.   Over the next few months we'll keep a close eye on sales.

56.   They were more than happy to see us come back form the expedition.

57.   He takes care of us like our father. He is more than our teacher.

58.   Not only did they break into the house, but they also stole all the money.

59.   Who do you think will take the place of our teacher?

60.   I hear that the minority of our club have been to the small village of Tibet.

61.   ---Shirley, I'll leave for Beijing this afternoon. Do you have anything to be taken to your brother?   ---No. Thank you.

62.   She has two nurses attending on her.(照顾,看护)

63.   Are you being attended to?(招待)

64.   Attend carefully to what she is saying(注意)

65.   Being exposed to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体)of genes in human bodies.

66.   That day Tom lost control of himself and hit Jack, but later, Tom made an apology.

67.   I was absorbed in a book and didn't hear your call.

68.   The secretary was more to blame than the boss..

69.   Do you blame him for the accident?

70.   He put forward a better plan.  /  We shall have to put the meeting forward.(提前)

71.   Shall we put her forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?(推荐)

试题详情

1.      Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling frustrated.

2.      He couldn't have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies.

3.      Thank you for giving me a hand. I would otherwise fail in the experiment without your valuable help.

4.      Much to the couple's comfort, their income is now double what it was five years ago.

5.      We won't permit smoking in the office.

6.      Please account for your own conduct.(行为)

7.      They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened.

8.      People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.

9.      To avoid confusion, please write the children's name clearly on all their school clothes.

10.   Water here is in short supply.

11.   For certain personal reasons, I shall not be able to attend.

12.   I can't say for certain / for sure when we will arrive.

13.   I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.

14.   It's a small house but it suits our needs.

15.   Will this plan work?

16.   I spotted a friend in the crowd.

17.   There appears to be a mistake in his composition.

18.   He ran out directly he heard the terrible noise.

19.   I ran into a friend of mine on the street by accident.

20.   If only she had known about it.

21.   What if it rains tomorrow?

22.   I really don't know where it was that Tom lost his wallet.

23.   John was absent from school this morning. It was because he was hit by a bike on his way school

24.   I'm sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake, because I mistake it for mine.

25.   There is a desert spreading for hundreds of miles.

26.   Now that you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

27.   As time went by/ With time going by, he got nothing.

28.   Much as the young people needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldn't ask their parents for help.

29.   With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

30.   Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?  ----算进去

31.   The document was written in official style.

32.   He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.

33.   The oil painting looks better at a distance.

34.   One can see the ancient ruins from a distance of 20 miles.

35.   He could see the tall chimneys of the factory in the distance.

36.   I have done most of the work. Could you please finish the rest in two days?

37.   So curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make trip to Madagascar for further research.

38.   Some passengers complain that it usually takes so long to fill in travel insurance documents.

39.   A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever an qualified noblemen at court.

40.   I will come on condition that Peter is invited.

41.   After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.

42.   It's worthwhile taking / to take the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.(句式)

43.   It's really a worthwhile task.(做定语)

44.   We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.(做表语)

45.   She argued me into buying a new car.

46.   His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. / to make greater efforts.

47.   I have just struck on a good idea.

48.   I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside.

49.   Was that remark intended as a joke?  意欲作为…

50.   Few people will be recognized by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messsenger(使者)of Peace。享有…称号

51.   The children have a strong hunger for knowledge.

52.   Thousands are going hunger because of the failure of this year's harvest.

53.   He has been struggling for success in business.

54.   The lion tried to struggle to his feet, but failed.

55.   The eagle expanded his wings.

56.   Could you expand on that point, please? 阐述

57.   He worked out a good plan.

58.   How can I get rid of the flies in the kitchen?

59.   I'd rather you had stayed at home last night.

60.   If you don't know what this means, refer to the dictionary.

61.   The production now it is 3 times what it was 10 years ago.

62.   Whatever you think of Rose, we have to admit that she's a specialist in this field.

63.   The couple were content with their life in the countryside.

64.   The children are singing to their hearts' content. 尽情地;心满意足的

65.   She is very particular about what she wears.

66.   I noticed his eyes in particular because they were very big.

67.   His plan ended in failure.

68.   His failure to explain his being so late made his boss annoyed.

69.   What astonished me most was that no one had thought of that.

70.   She was astonished to hear he should have behaved like that.

71.   He stood there, looking astonished.

72.   He will entertain his friends to dinner this evening.

73.  How did he make a sad situation entertaining?

试题详情

1.      When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southern, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said.(同位语)

2.      We made Tom monitor of class.(宾补)

3.      He is chairman of the meeting.(表语---以上三种情况的表具体官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词)

4.      There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learn at school saved Ms. Slade's life.

5.      It is a must to have a knowledge of English in international trade.

6.      It is strange that the little girl over there(should)be so upset at the good news.

7.      How can I convince you of her honesty/ that she was honest?

8.      I was convinced of his guilt that he was guilty.

9.      The museum also introduces you to ancient ways of life.(让某人认识,了解某物)

10.   My remarks were not aimed at you.(他的话不是针对你的)

11.   We have been seeing each other a great deal lately.

12.   Among the artists who broke away from the traditional style painting are the impressionists who lived and worked in Paris.

13.   His letter conveys that she has a warm heart.

14.   What are the quantities that make up his character?

15.   Hold on to the stick and I will pull you out of the well.

16.   We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable.

17.   The text train is due in five minutes.

18.   The next train is due to arrive five minutes later.

19.   She arrived late due to the storm.

20.   Owing to the shower, the baseball game was interrupted.(due to?)

21.   She was a person accustomed to having eight hours' sleep a night.

22.   He was quickly accustomed to his new way of life.

23.   Despite / In spite of her wounded leg, she managed to get up the train.

24.   When I was a teenager, I also smoked and I became addicted to cigarettes.

25.   When I was taken off the school football team because I was too slow, I know it was time to quit smoking.

26.   The plane took off smoothly.

27.   Hearing the big noise, the bird took off the branch of the tree. (注意词性)

28.   He decided that he would buy a new car.

29.   He decided to buy a new car.

30.   He decided on buying a new car.

31.   I am not standing for it any longer.

32.   The letter U.K. stand for the United Kingdom.

33.   The hat stood out because of its strange shape.

34.   I will go on and I am willing to risk losing my job.

35.   She quitted reading to make

36.   It is requires in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

37.   How did it come about that you quarreled with your best friend?

38.   I phoned to thank her for her courageous(有勇气的,有胆量的)advice

试题详情

2009届高三化学各地月考试题汇编:

电解质溶液

1、(河北舞阳一高09高三10考)(10分)A、B、C、D四种短周期元素,原子序数依次递增,A原子形成的阳离子是一个质子,B原子的最外层电子数是其次外层电子数的2倍,C原子的最外层电子数与B原子的核外电子总数相等,D在同周期元素中原子半径最大。A、C、D三种元素可形成化合物甲,B、C、D三种元素可形成化合物乙,甲和乙均为中学化学常见物质。请回答:

(1)化合物甲中所含化学键类型为                

(2)A的单质与C的单质在强酸性条件下构成燃料电池,其正极反应式为          

(3)将3gB的单质在足量C的单质中燃烧,所得气体通入1L 0.4mol/L的甲溶液中,完全吸收后,溶液中的溶质及其物质的量分别为                             ;溶液中所含离子的物质的量浓度由大到小的顺序为                         

(4)常温下,甲与乙的水溶液pH均为9,这两种溶液中由水电离出的OH的物质的量浓度

c(OH : c(OH=              

答案:(1)离子键和极性共价键(共价键、极性键均可)(2分)(全对给分)

     (2)O2+4H++4e-=2 H2O                       (2分)

     (3)0.1 mol NaHCO3和0.15 mol Na2CO3     (2分)(对一个给1分)

        c(Na+)>c(CO)>c(HCO)>c(OH-)>c(H+)(2分)

2、(09届北京101中学高三化学10月考)一定能在下列溶液中大量共存的离子组是

    A.pH=0的溶液:Fe2+、Mg2+、NO3-、SO42-             

B.由水电离出的c(H+)=1×10-13mol / L的溶液:HCO3-、K+、SO42-、Cl-

    C.含大量Fe3+的溶液:NH4+、Na+、SCN-、Cl-                

D.pH=14的溶液:Na+、K+、AlO2-、CO32-

3、(浙江09届海宁市高三9月模拟)某溶液中只含有Na、H、OH、A四种离子,下列说法正确的是:( A )

A.若溶液中c(A) = c(Na),则溶液一定呈中性

B.溶液中不可能存在:c(Na)>c (A)>c(OH)>c(H)

C.若c(OH)>c(H),溶液中不可能存在:c(Na)>c(OH)>c(A)>c(H)

D.若溶质为NaA、HA,则一定存在: c(A)>c(Na)>c(H)>c(OH)

4、(浙江09届海宁市高三9月模拟)下表是五种银盐的溶度积常数(25℃):

化学式

AgCl

Ag2SO4

Ag2S

AgBr

AgI

溶度积

1.8×1010

1.4×105

6.3×1050

7.7×1013

8.51×1016

下列说法错误的是:(C )

A.五种物质在常温下溶解度最大的是Ag2SO4

B.将氯化银溶解于水后,向其中加入Na2S,则可以生成黑色沉淀

C.氯化银、溴化银和碘化银三种物质在常温下的溶解度随着氯、溴、碘的顺序增大

D.沉淀溶解平衡的建立是有条件的,外界条件改变时,平衡也会发生移动

5.(四川飞龙中学09届高三10月考)根据相关化学原理,下列推断正确的是( A )

A.若弱酸HA的酸性强于弱酸HB,则同浓度钠盐溶液的pH:NaA<NaB

B.若X原子的质子数为a,中子数为b,则X的质量数为:a-b

C.若R2离子和M离子的电子层结构相同,则R2和M的化学性质相同

D.若有反应A2+2D2A十D2,则氧化性:D2>A2

6.(四川飞龙中学09届高三10月考)将一定量的钠铝合金置于水中,合金全部溶解,得到20 mL pH=14的溶液,然后用1 mol?L1的盐酸滴定,至沉淀质量最大时,消耗盐酸40 mL,原合金中钠的质量为( D )

A.0.23 g           B.0.46 g           C.0.69 g                    D.0.92 g

7、(2009届广东省中山一中高三第二次统测)在体积均为1L,pH均等于2的盐酸和醋酸溶液,分别投入0.23g Na,则下图中比较符合反应事实的曲线是( B )

8、(2009届广东省中山一中高三第二次统测)下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是

A.铁屑溶于足量稀硝酸:Fe+4H+NO3=Fe3+NO↑+2H2O

B.碳酸氢钙溶液中加入足量烧碱溶液:HCO3+OH=CO32+H2O

C.金属钠溶于足量水中:2Na+2H2O=2Na+H2↑+2OH

D.苯酚钠溶液中通入少量CO22C6H5O+CO2+H2O→2C6H5OH+CO32

9.(09海淀区高三期中) (共6分)现有浓度均为0.1 mol/L的下列溶液:①硫酸、②醋酸、③氢氧化钠、④氯化铵、⑤醋酸铵、⑥硫酸铵、⑦硫酸氢铵,⑧氨水,请回答下列问题:

 (1)①、②、③、④四种溶液中由水电离出的H+浓度由大到小的顺序是(填序号)

                                       

 (2)④、⑤、⑥、⑦、⑧五种溶液中NH4+浓度由大到小的顺序是(填序号)

                                       

(3)将③和④等体积混合后,混合液中各离子浓度由大到小的顺序是          

(4)已知t℃,KW=1×1013,则t℃(填“>”或“<”或“=”)          25℃。在t℃时将pH=11的NaOH溶液a L与pH=1的H2SO4的溶液b L混合(忽略混合后溶液体积的变化),若所得混合溶液的pH=2,则a∶b=             

答案:

    (1)④②③①  

   (2)⑥⑦④⑤⑧

   (3)C(Na+) =C(Cl-) > C(OH-) >c(NH4+)> C(H+)

    (4)  >     9:2(2分)

                                                  

10.(09海淀区高三期中)下列离子方程式书写正确的是

A.硫化钠水解:S2+2H2O  H2S↑+2OH

B.碳酸钠溶于醋酸溶液中:CO32 + 2 H= H2O + CO2

C.次氯酸钙溶液中通入过量二氧化碳:Ca2+ + 2ClO+H2O+CO2 =CaCO3↓+2HClO

D.过量的硫酸氢钠与氢氧化钡溶液反应:Ba2+2OH+2H+SO42=BaSO4↓+2H2O

11.(09海淀区高三期中)下列表述正确的是

A.NaHCO3溶液中:c(H+) + c(H2CO3) = c(OH)

    B.中和等体积、等pH盐酸和CH3COOH溶液所消耗的NaOH物质的量相同

C.pH=2的HA溶液与pH=12的MOH溶液以任意比混合后,所得溶液中:

     c(H+) + c(M+) = c(OH) + c(A)

D.在水电离出的H浓度为1×1012 mol/L的溶液中,K+、Mg2+、NO3、I一定能大量共存

12.(四川省通江中学高三10月考).0.1mol/LNaOH溶液和0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液等体积混合后,溶液中离子浓度关系正确的是( D )

 

    A.c(Na)>c(Cl)>c(NH4)>c(OH)>c(H)        

    B.c(Na)=c(NH4)+ c(NH3H2O)

    C.c(Na)+c(H) =c(OH)+c(Cl)        

    D.c(Na)=c(Cl)>c(NH4)>c(OH)>c(H)

13. (江苏睢宁县2009届高三化学10月调研试卷)已知NaHSO3溶液呈酸性、NaHCO3溶液呈碱性。现有浓度均为0.1 mol?L1的NaHSO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液,溶液中各粒子的物质的量浓度存在下列关系(R表示S或C)。其中正确的是(     )

A.c(Na)>c(HRO3)>c(H)>c(RO32)>c(OH)

B.c(Na)+c(H)=c(HRO3)+c(RO32)+c(OH)

C.c(H)+c(H2RO3)=c(RO32)+c(OH)

D.两溶液中c(Na)、c(HRO3)、c(RO32)分别相等

14. (河北正定中学09高三第一次月考)下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是(  B   )

A.醋酸钡溶液和硫酸反应:Ba2++SO42====BaSO4

B.氢氧化钡溶液与碳酸氢铵溶液等体积、等物质的量浓度混合:

Ba2++2OH+NH4++HCO3=====BaCO3↓+NH3+2H2O

C.硫化钠溶液显碱性:S2-+2H2O == H2S+2OH-

D.醋酸与碳酸钙发生反应:2CH3COOH+CaCO3====(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2

15. (河北正定中学09高三第一次月考)在25℃时将pH=3的CH3COOH溶液与pH=11的NaOH溶液等体积混合后,下列关系式正确的:(  A   )

A.c(CH3COO-)>c(Na+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)        B.c(H+)= c(CH3COO-)+ c(OH-)

C.c(Na+)= c(CH3COO-)+c(CH3COOH)        D.c(Na+)>c(CH3COO-)> c(OH-)> c(H+)

16.(河北正定中学09高三第一次月考)下列各溶液中,叙述正确的是( C  )

      A.0.1mol/L的(NH4)2SO4溶液中:

      B.25℃时,将pH=3的盐酸溶液和pH=11的氨水等体积混合后,溶液中离子浓度的关系:

      C.将0.1 醋酸溶液加大量水稀释后,溶液的pH增大

      D.Na2CO3溶液中:

17.(河北正定中学09高三第一次月考)在下列溶液中,各组离子一定能够大量共存的是(   C )

A.使酚酞试液变红的溶液: Na+、Cl-、SO42-、Fe3+

B.使紫色石蕊试液变红的溶液:Fe2+、Mg2+、NO3-、Cl-

C. c(H+)=10-12 mol?L-1的溶液:K+、Ba2+、Cl-、Br-

D.碳酸氢钠溶液中:K+、SO42-、Cl-、H+

18.(四川省绵阳南山中学高2009届双学月考)已知NaHSO3溶液和Na2CO3溶液混合后加热煮沸能产生CO2气体。现有浓度均为0.1mol/L的NaHSO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液,两溶液中各粒子物质的量浓度的关系一定正确的是(R表示S或C) (  B )

    A.c(Na)+c(H)=c(HRO3)+c(RO32)+c(OH)

B.c(H)+c(H2RO3)=c(RO32)+c(OH)

C.c(Na) >c(HRO3) >c(H) >c(OH)>c(RO32)

D.c(HRO3)>c(H2RO3)>c(OH)>c(RO32)>c(H)

 

19.(福建莆田四中09高三第二次月考)下列各组物质中,前者为强电解质,后者为弱电解质的是( D  )

A.硫酸,硫酸镁                    B.碳酸,碳酸钠          

C.食盐,酒精                      D.碳酸氢钠,醋酸

20.(北京明光中学2008年9月高三教学检测)常压下,仅能在水溶液中导电的电解质是       (   D )  

       A.KOH                  B.CH3OH               C.CO2                    D.KHCO3

21.(东北育才中学2008~2009学年度高三年级第一次模拟)某溶液中只可能含有下列离子中的几种(不考虑溶液中含的较少的H和OH)Na+、NH4+、SO42、CO32、NO3。取200mL该溶液,分为等体积的二份分别做下列实验。实验1:第一份加入足量的烧碱并加热,产生的气体在标准状况下为224mL。实验2:第二份先加入足量的盐酸,无现象,再加足量的BaCl2溶液,得固体2.33克。下列说法正确的是                                              (   D   )

A.该溶液中可能含有Na+       B.该溶液中肯定含有NH4+、SO42、CO32、NO3

C.该溶液中一定不含NO3      D.该溶液中一定含Na+,且c(Na+)≥0.1 mol/L

 

22.(东北育才学校2008-2009高三第二次模拟)下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是                      (   D  )

A.石灰乳与Na2CO3溶液混合:Ca2+CO32=CaCO3

B.漂白粉溶液中通入适量的SO2气体

Ca2++2ClO+SO2+H2O = CaSO3↓+2HClO

C.1 mol/L的NaAlO2溶液和2.5 mol/L的HCl等体积互相均匀混合:

AlO2 + 4H+ = Al3+ + 2H2O

D.Ca(HCO32与过量Ca(OH)2溶液反应:

Ca2++HCO3+OH=CaCO3↓+H2O

23.(东北育才学校2008-2009高三第二次模拟)已知H2SO4电离方程式是:H2SO4 = H+ + HSO4,HSO4 H++ SO42,又知0.1mol?L1NaH SO4溶液的pH = 2。则下列说法不正确的是          ( B   )

A. Na2 SO4溶液显碱性是因为SO42+H2O  H SO4+OH

B.0.1mol?L-1 H2 SO4溶液中氢离子的物质的量浓度为0.11 mol?L1

C.NaH SO4溶液中各种离子浓度的关系是c(Na+ )>c(H SO4)>c(H+)>c(SO42)>c(OH )

D.在NaH SO4溶液中,H SO4电离的趋势大于其水解的趋势

24.(浙江桐乡高级中学高三化学10).①pH=2的CH3COOH溶液;②pH=2的HCl溶液;③pH=12的氨水;④pH=12的NaOH溶液。相同条件下,有关上述溶液的比较中,不正确的是                     

A.水电离的c(H):①=②=③=④

B.将②、③溶液混合后,pH=7,消耗溶液的体积:②>③

C.等体积的①、②、④溶液分别与足量铝粉反应,生成H2的量:②最大

D.向溶液中加入100mL水后,溶液的pH:③>④>②>①

25.(浙江桐乡高级中学高三化学10)下列离子反应,表达正确的是                                   

A.将NaOH固体加入热的浓NH4HSO3溶液中:NH4 + OH? NH3↑+H2O

B.CaCO3与醋酸(CH3COOH)反应:CaCO3 +2H=Ca2 +CO2↑+H2O

C.向Fe2(SO4)3溶液中通入HI:2Fe3+2I?=2Fe2+I2

D.MgSO4溶液跟Ba(OH)2溶液反应:SO42?+Ba2=BaSO4

26.(浙江桐乡高级中学高三化学10)有关下列溶液的判断中,正确的一组是                       

①0.1mol?L1Na3PO4溶液中:c(Na)=3c(PO43?)

②0.1mol?L1Na2S溶液中:c(OH?)=c(H)+c(HS?)+2c(H2S)

③0.1mol?L1KHCO3溶液中:c(K)>c(HCO3?)>c(OH?)>c(H)

④只含有Na、H、Cl?、OH?的溶液中一定有:c(Cl?)=c(Na)>c(H)=c(OH?)

A.①②③       B.③④       C.②③       D.②④

27.(浙江桐乡高级中学高三化学10)常温下,向0.1mol下列物质:①过氧化钠 ②硫酸钡 ③硫化钠 ④偏铝酸钠 ⑤氯化铝中分别加入0.5L水后充分搅拌,则溶液中阴离子数从大到小的排列顺序正确的是                                                   

A.⑤①③④②   B.⑤②①③④    C.⑤①④③②   D.②⑤①③④

28.“酸碱质子理论”认为凡是能够给出质子(H+)的分子或离子都是酸,凡是能够接受质子的分子或离子都是碱,物质酸性(碱性)的强弱取决于分子或离子给出(接受)质子能力的大 小。按照“酸碱质子理论”,下列说法正确的是
 A. 2Na + 2H2O=2NaOH + H2↑是酸碱反应

B. ClO+ H2OHClO  +  OH是酸碱反应
C. 碱性强弱顺序:OH>ClO>CH3COO 

D. HCO3既是酸又是碱,NH3既不是酸又不是碱

29.下列有关化学反应过程或实验现象的解释正确的是

A. Cl2的水溶液能导电,说明Cl2是电解质

B. 浓硫酸能干燥CO气体,因而CO无还原性

C. CaCl2为中性干燥剂,故可干燥NH3

D. 因为O2转化为O3是吸热反应,所以O2比O3稳定

30.已知某溶液中存OHˉ、H+、NH4+和C1ˉ四种离子,其浓度大小有如下关系:

       ①c(C1ˉ)>c(NH4+)>c(H+)>c(OHˉ

       ②c(C1ˉ)>c(H+)>c(NH4+)>c(OHˉ

       ③c(C1ˉ)=c(NH4+)且c(OHˉ)=c(H+

       ④c(OHˉ)>c(H+)>c(C1ˉ)>c(NH4+

       ⑤c(H+)>c(OHˉ)>c(C1ˉ)>c(NH4+

       其中可能的是( C )                                 

       A.①④                   B.③⑤                   C.①②③               D.④⑤

31.(哈尔滨五中2009届高三9月考)C1S03H称为氯磺酸,是一种强酸。对于反应:ClS03H+HCOOH=CO+HCl+H2S04有如下判断,其中较合理的是( BC) 

    A.此反应属于氧化还原反应                   B.此反应不属于氧化还原反应

    C.反应后溶液的pH值变小                   D.反应后溶液的pH值增大

32.(哈尔滨五中2009届高三9月考)40℃时,等质量的两份饱和石灰水,一份冷却至1℃,另一份加少量CaO并保持温度仍为40℃,这两种情况都不改变的是( C)       

    A.Ca(OH)2的溶解度                          B.溶液的质量

    C.溶质的质量分数                           D.溶液中Ca2+数目

33.(杭州儒林?育英高复学校9月考)下列物质中,能够导电的电解质是   (   B   )       

A.Cu丝         B.熔融的MgCl2     C.NaCl溶液       D.蔗糖

34.(四川南充市2009高三9月考)下列微粒对水的电离平衡不产生影响的是( D )

      A.                B.                  C.                 D.

35.(四川南充市2009高三9月考)氯气溶于水达到平衡后,若其他条件不变,只改变某一条件,下列叙述正确的是( D )

      A.再通入少量氯气,减小

      B.通人少量,溶液的漂白性增强

      C.加入少量固体NaOH,一定有

      D.加入少量固体NaCl,水的电离平衡向电离方向移动

36.(15分)

(四川南充市2009高三9月考)某二元酸()在水中的电离方程式是:

回答下列问题:

(1)判断是强电解质还是弱电解质?                  ,理由是                  

(2)已知溶液中氢离子的物质的量浓度应               (填“>”、“<”或“=”),理由是                

(3)溶液显                  (填“酸性”、“中性”或“碱性”)。理由是(用离子方程式表示)                   。NaHA液溶中离子浓度的大小顺序是:                  。 

(4)溶液和溶液能否发生反应?                  ,能反应的写出离子方程式

                    (如不能反应此问不答)

答案:

 (1)强电解质(2分);因为的第一步电离是完全的。(2分)

(2) <  (1分)因部分电离且第一步电离产生的,抑制了的电离(2分)

(3)碱性(1分),;  (2分) 

  (2分)  (不完全正确不给分)

(4)能;(1 分) (2分)

37. (09届盐城高三9月联考)下列各组数据中,前者一定比后者大的是(B)

A.常温下,pH 相同的KOH溶液和K2CO3 溶液中由水电离出的c (OH)

B.物质的量浓度均为0.1 mol?L1的醋酸溶液和盐酸中的pH

C.0.1 mol?L1的Na2CO3溶液中c (HCO3)和c (OH)

D.中和pH与体积均相同的NaOH溶液和氨水,所消耗H2SO4的物质的量

38.某二元酸(H2A)按下式发生电离:H2A=H++HA;HA H++A2。现有下列四种溶液:

① 0.01mol?L?1的H2A溶液

② 0.01mol?L?1的NaHA溶液

③ 0.02mol?L?1的HCl溶液与0.04mol?L?1的NaHA溶液等体积混合

④ 0.02mol?L?1的NaOH溶液与0.02mol?L?1的NaHA溶液等体积混合

下列关于上述四种溶液的说法正确的是( CD  )

A.溶液②中存在水解平衡:HA+H2O     H2A+OH

B.溶液③中有:c(HA)+2c(A2)=c(Na+)

C.溶液④中有:c(OH)=c(H+)+c(HA)

D.四种溶液中c(HA)浓度大小:③>①>②>④

39.已知溶液呈酸性、溶液呈碱性。现有浓度均为0.1mol?

溶液和溶液,溶液中各粒子的物质的量浓度存在下列关系(R表示S或

C),其中正确的是(BC )。

  A.c()>c()>c()>c()>c()

  B.c()+c()=c()+2c()+c()

  C.c()+c()=c()+c()

  D.两溶液中c()、c()、c()分别相等

 

 

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