阅读理解 人物故事类押题
【押题1】Would you believe that the first outstanding
deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Clerc. He became
a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded
Laurent Clerc was born in a small
village near
At 12, Laurent entered the Royal
Institution for the Deaf in
Meanwhile, in
The two men set sail on June 18,
1816. The voyage across the
At the school, Clerc led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
In 1819, Clerc married Eliza
Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from
teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to
1. Why
did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to
A. He needed to finish his studies to become a minister.
B. It was the easiest way to get
to
C. He wanted to study their system of deaf education.
D. He wanted to marry Alice Cogswell.
2. From the information in this passage we can infer that__________.
A. Laurent Clerc was an intelligent man
B. Clerc had difficulties learning language
C. Clerc married Eliza in order to get his Green Card
D. Clerc was paid well because he made such important contributions to society
3. On
their trip from
A. played cards and socialized
B. studied and discussed their plans for a deaf school
C. founded a school for the deaf
D. Gallaudet studied English and Clerc studied Sign Language
4. Which is the right order of the things Clerc did？
A. met Gallaudet, moved to
B. met Gallaudet, went to school
in
C. went to school in
D. got married, went to school in
5. The main idea of this passage could best be stated as_________.
A. Clerc managed his time well, and was able to teach a lot of information in a short period of time
B. Thomas Gallaudet was indebted to Clerc for all that he taught him
C. Clerc preferred teaching deaf students to hearing students
D. Clerc, an educated Frenchman, had a great impact on American Deaf Education
【押题理由】高考阅读理解题中人物传记类文章很常见。在选材时，不仅注重名家的生平，也关注与名人生活、事业息息相关的人或事，当然，也不乏一些介绍普通人学习、生活和工作等的故事。本文在命题方面突出高考命题的灵活性：既注重特定细节的准确理解，又注重推理判断题的考查，同时涉及了事情先后顺序的排列，体现了命题的多样性。
【试题解析】1. C 第四段“he was concerned about the lack of opportunities for deaf people in America和he went to London to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people.”与C项表达虽然不同，但意思基本一致。
【考场秘招】细节题都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。
2. A 推理判断题。可以用排除法解答此题，B项不可能，Clerc懂法语、手语、还在旅途中学习英语；C项文中既没有说明为什么与Eliza结婚，更谈不上当时是否有“绿卡”。D项没有足够的信息推断挣钱多少。根据文中“an excellent teacher, learned many different language，succeeded in school”等信息可以推断he was an intelligent man。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第6段中“they studied English and Sign Language, and discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open.”可以确定答案是B。
4. C 逻辑顺序题。根据第3段Clerc went to school in Paris.、第五段became Gallaudets Sign Language teacher、第六段in 1816, after the two men studied together in Paris 和最后一段in 1819, Clerc got married.可确定其先后顺序C项正确。
【考场秘招】做这类题，先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。
5. D 主旨大意题。全文围绕Clerc和他对美国聋儿教育的影响，所以D项正确，而A项面太窄，B项偏离主题，本文针对的不是Thomas Gallaudet，C项文中根本没提到偏爱做一名教师。
【押题2】Years ago a John Hopkin's professor gave a group of graduate students this task: Go to the slums(贫民窟). Take 200 boys, between the ages of 12 and 16, and research into their background and environment. Then predict their chances for the future.
The students, after consulting social statistics, talking to the boys, and compiling(汇编) much data, concluded that 90 percent of the boys would spend some time in prison.
Twenty-five years later another group of graduate students was given the job of testing the prediction. They went back to the same area. Some of the boys―by then men―were still there, a few had died, some had moved away, but they got in touch with 180 of the original 200. They found that only four of the group had ever been sent to prison.
Why was it that these men, who had lived in a breeding(滋生) place of crime, had such a surprisingly good record? The researchers were continually told: "Well, there was a teacher..."
They pressed further, and found that in 75 percent of the cases it was the same woman. The researchers went to this teacher, now living in a home for retired teachers. How had she exerted(发挥) this remarkable influence over that group of children? Could she give them any reason why these boys should have remembered her?
"No," she said, "no I really couldn't." And then, thinking back over the years, she said amusingly, more to herself than to her questioners: "I loved those boys."
1. What were a group of graduate students instructed to do?
A. To research into the living conditions of the poor citizens.
B. To foretell what the future might have in store for poor kids
C. To study 200 boys between 12 to 16 and predict their future.
D. To survey the background and environment of 200 teenagers.
2. Seeing only four boys with bad records, the researchers probably felt ______.
A. relieved B. surprised C. disappointed D. frustrated
3. Most of the 200 surveyed boys grew into good citizens because _________.
A. their parents were strict with them
B. they had great ambition as children
C. they were expected to do good deeds
D. a woman teacher loved and cared them
4. What conclusion can we draw from the story?
A. Love can work miracles.
B. Like teacher, like pupil.
C. Adversity leads to prosperity.
D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
【押题理由】人物故事类题材是一直高考的重点内容，本文讲述对200名生活在贫民窟的男孩的生活进行追踪调查的故事，趣味性强，难度适中，非常切合高考阅读取材。
1. C 细节理解。根据第一段内容可知，教授给研究生布置的任务是调查在贫民窟生活的200个男孩的家庭背景，并预测他们的未来。
2. B 推理判断。根据第四段中的“a surprisingly good record”一句可知，调查的结果使研究者感到意外。
【考场秘招】解答推理判断类试题时，要从文中找到设题的句子或段落，在四个选项中找到与原句意思相符的陈述。
3. D 推理判断。根据文章的最后两段，200名生活在贫民窟的男孩健康成长的原因是一位女教师对他们的关爱。
4. A 主旨大意。本文给我们的启示是：爱可以创造奇迹。一位女教师的爱感化了她的学生，影响那些在贫民窟的男孩有积极的人生态度。
【押题3】Once I spoke at a high school. After the speech, I was asked to see a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him. I agreed.
He was Matthew. When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to see five, then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal weight lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles(障碍) and going for my dreams.
I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain. He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weight with me.
When we finished talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles（障碍） than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”
Last summer I got the news that Matthew had passed away and a letter Matthew had written me a few days before:
Dear Rick,
My mom said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. The doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any more. But I still smile as much as I can.
I told you some day I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal. But I know now I’ll never make it. But I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to you.
Thank you for loving me.
Your friend,
Matthew
1. The boy wished to meet the author because ________.
A. he admired the author very much
B. he wished to take part in the Olympics
C. he hoped to make friends with the author
C. he enjoyed going in for weighting lifting
2. Which of the statements is TRUE?
A. Matthew was good at weight lifting.
B. Rick had the similar disease as a child.
C. Matthew remained optimistic in face of disease.
D. Rick encouraged the boy to become a champion.
3. Why did the boy refuse the author’s medal?
A. He thought he was not worthy of it.
B. Rick looked on the medal as treasure.
C. The gold medal was very dear to Rick.
D. He didn’t want to be pitied by others.
4. What can be inferred from Matthew’s letter?
A. Rick was unhappy before death.
B. Rick kept in touch with Mathew.
C. Mathew sent some pictures to Rick.
D. Mathew got an Olympic gold medal.
【押题理由】记叙文是阅读理解部分必考的内容，特别是具有深厚思想内涵的文章，以达到通过阅读对考生进行人文熏陶的目的。本文即是励志的记叙文，体现出了这一命题原则的导向性。
1. A 细节理解。第二段中的最后一句表明答案为A。
2009届高三化学各地月考试题汇编：化学用语和组成
1. ( 河南省郸城一高09高三化学尖子生第三考试)工业上用丁烷氧化法制醋酸，反应的化学方程式可表示为：
4CH3COOH＋2H2O
现用58吨丁烷为原料制取醋酸，求：
（1）理论上需要标准状况下的空气____________m3（设空气中O2、N2的体积分数分别为0.2、0.8），同时生成水_____________吨。
（2）若生成的醋酸溶解在生成的水中，所得醋酸的质量分数为______________%。
（3）若同时生产质量分数为100%的冰醋酸m1吨和质量分数为50%的醋酸m2吨，且
，需补充水y吨，则y与x的关系式为________________；若不补充水，则m1＋m2＝__________
2.8×105
18
86.96
138
答案.. ⑴ 加压有利于平衡正向移动，提高原料气的转化率 增加反应速率，缩短达到平衡的时间
⑵ 
⑶ CH4(g)＋H2O(g)＝CO(g)＋3H2(g) △H＝＋206.1 kJ?mol－1
⑷ N2＋6e－＋8H＋＝2NH4＋
2．( 河南省郸城一高09高三化学尖子生第三考试)下列选项中正确的是（C ）
A．氢氧化纳的结构式：Na-O-H B．Fe原子的结构示意图：
C．甲酸甲酯的结构简式：CH3OCHO D．N2的电子式：
3．( 广东天河中学09高三模拟)下列化学用语的书写，正确的是
A．NH3中氮元素的化合价是+3 B．氧化钠的化学式：Na2O2
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C．铝原子的结构示意图： D．甲烷的结构式为：
4．(北京市朝阳区2008～2009学年度高三年级第一学期期中统练)下列有关说法中，错误的是 （ C ）
A．NH4H是一种离子晶体，其中氢离子的核外电子排布与氦原子相同
B．在SiO2晶体中，一个Si原子周围有4个Si-O键
C．三种烷烃的沸点高低：丙烷＞丁烷＞异丁烷
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D．甲基的电子式为：
5．(北京市朝阳区2008～2009学年度高三年级第一学期期中统练)下列反应的离子方程式正确的是 （ B ）
A．向沸水中滴加饱和FeCl3溶液制备Fe(OH)3胶体：Fe3+＋3H2O 
Fe(OH)3↓＋3H+
B．用小苏打治疗胃酸过多：HCO3－＋ H+ === CO2↑＋H2O
C．实验室用浓盐酸与MnO2制Cl2：MnO2＋2H+＋2Cl－ Cl2↑＋Mn2++H2O
D．用FeCl3溶液腐蚀印刷电路板：Fe3+＋Cu === Fe2+＋Cu2+
6．(09黄冈八测化学试卷一)下列叙述中正确的是
A．钢铁在海水中比在河水中更易腐蚀，主要原因是海水中的含氧量高于河水
B．焰色反应是物理变化
C．用切割机切割金属时，个别金属的原子核恰好被分成更小的微粒
D．某些不合格大理石装潢材料中含有严重超过规定标准、对人体有害的放射性同位素氡
，其质子数为136
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
7.( 河北唐山市2008～2009学年度高三年级摸底考试)下列各项中表达不正确的是
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A.F－的结构示意图： B.NaCl的电子式：Na Cl
C.CO2分子的结构式：O＝C＝O D.碳－12原子：12
8、(辽宁省抚顺一中2009届高三第一次模拟 )能够快速、微量、精确的测定相对分子质量
的物理方法是
A．紫外光谱 B．红外光谱 C质谱． D．核磁共振谱
9、(辽宁省抚顺一中2009届高三第一次模拟 )下列化学式既能表示物质的组成，又能表示物质的一个分子的是
A．NaOH B．SiO
10．( 赣州市十县（市）重点中学09学年度上学期期中联考试题)下列化学用语表达正确的是（
A ）
A．乙酸的分子比例模型图为： B．Mg原子结构示意图：
C．次氯酸的结构式为：H―Cl―O D．丙烯的结构简式：CH3CH2CH2
11．(郑州二中09学年高三10月份月考 )下列分子的电子式书写正确的是
A．氮气
B．四氯化碳
C．二氧化碳 
D．氨气
12．(郑州二中09学年高三10月份月考 )据环保部门测定，我国一些大城市的酸雨pH＝3.5。在酸雨季节铁制品极易腐蚀，则在其腐蚀中正极发生的反应是
A．2H+ + 2e― = H2↑ B．2H2O + O2 + 4e― = 4OH―
C．Fe－2e― = Fe2+ D．4OH―－4e― = 2H2O + O2↑
13、(09届北京101中学高三化学10月考)下列说法正确的是
A．明矾净水过程中不涉及化学变化
B．由同种元素组成的物质一定是纯净物
C．风化、石油分馏和碘的升华都是物理变化
D．在化学反应中，反应前后原子种类、数目和质量一定不变
14．(09海淀区高三期中)下列说法正确的是
A．电解质溶液导电属于物理变化
B．由一种元素组成的物质一定是纯净物
C．金属氧化物不一定是碱性氧化物
D．水的净化、消毒都属于氧化还原反应
15 (四川省通江中学高三10月考)下列表达式正确的是：（B）
ㄅ
A. 羟基的电子式：[：O：H]-
ㄅ
B.NaCO3的水解方程式为：CO32-+H2O
HCO3-+OH-
C.甲酸甲酯的结构简式：HCOOC2H5
D.用Cu做阳极电解饱和食盐水的阳极反应式为：2Cl--2e-=Cl2↑
16. (09福建安溪八中高三化学第一次月考)下列化学用语的书写正确的是（ C ）
A、二氧化硅晶体的分子式：SiO2 B、乙烯的结构简式：CH2CH2
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C、F- 离子结构示意图： D、四氯化碳的电子式：
17．(江苏省启东中学2009届高三10月调研测试 )下列各项中表达正确的是
A．NaCl的电子式：
B．CO2的分子模型示意图：
C．CrO5的结构式为
，该氧化物中Cr为＋6价
D．次氯酸的结构式：H－Cl－O
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
语的使用正确的是（ C ）
A．用食醋除去水壶内的水垢：CaCO3+2H+ = Ca2++CO2↑+H2O
B．纯碱溶液呈碱性的原因是：CO32―+2H2O H2CO3+2OH―
C. 钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀的正极反应式：O 2+ 4e- +2H2O ＝4OH―
D．表示氢气燃烧热的热化学方程式为：2H2（g）+O2（g）= 2H2O（1）；
△H = －571.6 KJ?mol-1
19．(杭州儒林?育英高复学校9月考)右图为农夫山泉矿泉水瓶上的部分说明文字，列出了该饮用天然水理化指标。这里的钙、镁、钾、钠是指（D）
饮用天然水理化指标
矿物元素 测定结果
钙≥4.0 mg/L
镁≥0.5 mg/L
钾≥0.35 mg/L
钠≥0.8 mg/L
偏硅酸≥1.8 mg/L
pH (25℃) 7.1
18．(浙江省绍兴一中2009届高三一模)化学用语是学习化学的工具和基础。下列有关化学用
A. 原子 B. 分子 C. 单质 D.元素
20．(杭州儒林?育英高复学校9月考)工业上以CuO和H2SO4为原料制备CuSO4?5H2O晶体。为确保制备过程中既不补充水，也无多余的水分，所用硫酸溶液溶质的质量分数应为（B）。
A．45.8% B．57.6% C．72.3% D．无法确定
21.中学化学教材中有大量数据，下列为某同学对数据的利用情况，其中不正确的是
A．用一定量NaOH稀溶液和稀盐酸反应侧得的中和热数据，来推算一定量稀H2SO4和NaOH稀溶液反应的反应热
B．用沸点数据推侧能否用蒸馏的方法将两种液体混合物进行分离
C．用反应热数据的大小判断不同反应的反应速率大小
D．用原子（或离子）半径数据推断同周期或同主族某些原子（或离子）氧化性或还原性的强弱
22．(09山东潍坊高三检测)把A、B、C、D四种物质放在密闭容器中，在一定条件下充分反应，反应前及反应一段时间后各物质的质量见下表：
A
B
C
D
反应前质量/g
19.7
8.7
23.6
0.4
反应后质量/g
待测
17.4
2
3.6
下列说法不正确的是 （ A ）
A．此反应一定不是可逆反应
B．物质C一定是化合物
C．此反应不一定是氧化还原反应
D．若A、C的摩尔质量之比为97：108，则A、C变化的物质的量之比为1：2
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A．英法联军
A．长征 B．中共中央转战陕北 C．刘邓大军挺进大别山 D．渡江战役
(2)若恒温、恒压下向原平衡中加入C，则平衡______________移动(填“正向”、“逆向”或“不”)，重新达平衡后C的体积分数_____________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
(O2)=0.006
mol/(L?min)
4．(2008年重庆一中高2009级月考
)（14分）
下发生如下反应：2X(g)+Y(g) 2W(g)。并
(Y)= ；
?s
2 SO3(g)；△H<0。当两容器都达到平衡后，为使两容器中的SO2在平衡混合物中的物质的量分数相同，下列措施中可行的是
C（g）+4D(g)；
。图中a、b曲线表示在一定
条件下，D的体积分数随时间的变化情况。下列分析正确的是（ B ）
正（B）=4
，B的物质的量等于2mol；
，增大容器体积时，c（CH3OH）和c（CO）等比例减小，由于H2浓度不变，此时
的值仍然等于K，所以平衡不移动。（2分） 
10．(江宁高级中学08~09学年度第一学期高三年级12月月考三 校 联 考 )某化学科研小组研究在其他条件不变时，改变某一条件对A2(g)＋3B2(g)
2HBr(g)；△H＜0，达到平衡时Br2(g)的转化率为a；若初始条件相同，绝热(与外界不发生热交换)条件下进行上述反应，平衡时Br2(g)的转化率为b。则a与b的关系是(A )
13. ( 天门中学2008年高二12月考试) (8分) 在四个密闭容器中，分别充入表中四种配比气体，发生下列反应：
14．(自贡市高2009级高三理科综合能力测试“一模”)已知可逆反应aA＋bB cC中，物质的含量A％和C％随温度的变化曲线如图所示，下列说法正确的是( B )
15．(重庆八中高2009届级高三周末检测 )（15分）已知硫酸的第一步电离（
）是完全的，但第二步电离（
）并不完全。如果
时，
溶液中
，
溶液中
，请回答：
＝__________(可用对数表示)。
比
溶液中
与固体食盐混合共热至
气体_____（填“能”或“不能”），原因是_________________________
溶液的
，
溶液的
。其原因是_________________
(4)6Fe2O3 4Fe3O4+O2↑（3分）
2NO2（g） N2O4（g）；△H<0。现将一定量NO2和N2O4的混合气体通入