2009年高考阅读理解分析指导（四）
考点四 作者观点、意图、态度判断题
大纲还明确要求考生阅读时要善于揣测、体会“作者的态度、观点、意图等”。作者的态度、观点、意图会渗透在文章的字里行间，有时可能比较明显，有时则可能比较含蓄、隐晦，需要仔细揣摩才能得出。一般说来，考查文章某处细节的写作意图的提问方式常见的有：
1. The writer uses the example of … to show that _____.
2. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.
3. …are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.
4. We may infer that the author believes people should _____.
现以2008年全国卷II C篇为例，分析如下：
Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.
For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents (对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers (广告商) will sometimes use halftruths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
50. We may infer that the author believes people should _____.
A. buy lottery tickets B. make use of half-truths
C. not take anything at face value D. not trust the Yucky Company
本题考查考生对作者观点的把握能力。根据最后一段“This kind of deception happens too often. … Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well．”可知，作者的目的在于提醒读者“擦亮眼睛，不要相信表面的东西(not take anything at face value)”，故选C。解答此类试题的要点：
1. 必须是作者在文章字里行间表露出来的态度、观点、意图等，而不是你自己的看法、猜测等；
2. 应挖掘文章的深层含义，抓住材料实质的东西，而不仅仅是字面意思。考查整篇文章的写作目的提问方式常见的有：
1. What is the purpose of writing this article?
2. The writer writes this passage mainly to _____.
3. The writer’s purpose of writing this text is to _____.
一般说来，故事类文章的写作目的是娱乐读者(to entertain readers)。如（2000全国卷 B篇）：
59. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is _____.
A. to tell an interesting experience
B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
从原文中“… As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything … I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work, … I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尴尬) by the whole thing ―Doug or me. ”可看出文章叙述了一位新婚主妇按照烹调书上的方法发面失败的尴尬经历。全文运用了讽刺、幽默的笔调，最后一句带有俏皮意味，说明主人公心情并不沉重，而是感到有点好笑，所以正确答案为A。广告类文章或议论文通常是说服读者接受某种产品或观点(to persuade readers)。如：
2004年广东卷阅读理解E篇介绍了四种杂志的内容和价格，其目的是“to get more readers to subscribe”。又如2002年全国卷阅读理解E篇则介绍了一种被称为“篮子里的聚会”的家庭服务计划，文章内容包括服务的创意、内容以及价格和联系方式，由此我们可以推断出作者的写作目的是“to sell a service”。
科普类、新闻报道类、社会文化类文章的写作目的是告知读者某些信息 (to inform readers)。如2008年江苏卷A篇谈如何安排利用时间，作者在最后一段明确指出“ ... the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time.”由此推断写作意图：The author intends to tell us that time should be well managed for our own interest.。
考查作者观点态度的提问方式常见的有：
1. The author’s attitude towards … is _____.
2. The tone of this passage can be described as _____.
如（2008江西卷 C篇）：
67. What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions?
A. He is mildly critical. B. He is strongly critical.
C. He is in favor of them. D. His attitude is not clear.
作者在文中只是客观地记叙了Nigel参加全国机器人大赛的经历，对Nigel的行为表现并没有明显的态度倾向。故正确答案为D。
莆田一中2008―2009学年度上学期第一学段考试试卷
高一 语文必修①
命题人：高一备课组 审核人：黄喜彬
说明：本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为150分钟。第1-20题的答案写在答题卷，第21题作文写在方格纸。在试卷上作答一律无效。祝你成功！
莆田一中2008～2009学年度上学期第一学段考试试卷
高一 化学（必修1）
命题人：俞志敏
(总分：100分 考试时间：100分钟)
本卷可能用到的相对原子质量：C：12 H：1 N:14 O：16 K：39 Mn：55 Cl：35.5 Na:23 Al:27 Cu:64 S:32 Ba:137
2009年高考阅读理解分析指导（三）
考点三 猜测词义题
猜测词义是重要的英语阅读技能之一，也是历年来高考阅读理解题常考的技能，旨在考查考生对某些关键词语在特定语境中的含义的理解能力。因此，在平时阅读时，遇到生词不要急于查词典，可运用适当的猜词方法来猜测词义。一旦掌握了这些有效方法，你就会发现在考试中做词义猜测题易如反掌。