九江一中2008-2009学年度上学期期中考试卷高三英语 2008.11.10命题: 吴平审题: 张晓楠第一卷第一部分:听力第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分.满——青夏教育精英家教网—

九江一中2008-2009学年度上学期期中考试卷

高三英语 2008.11.10

命题: 吴平审题: 张晓楠

第一卷（共三部分，共115分）

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）

听下面的5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman want to do?

A. Buy a heater B. Get some information. C. Pay the rent.

2. What’s the woman going to do?

A. Plan a party B. Hold a party C. Attend a party.

3. What do we know about the man?

A. He needn’t pay much for his house B. He doesn’t like the city C. He lives near his office

4. How will the man get to Boston?

A. By car. B. By train C. By air

5. What is the woman doing?

A. She is looking for a new job B. she is starting her vacation C.She is complaining to her friend.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What classes is Nancy taking?

A. Computer B. Music C. Art

7. What is David’s wife in the school?

A.A librarian B. A student C.A teacher

听第7段材料，回答第8、9、10题。

8. Where is the woman probably going this afternoon?

A. To the library B. To a swimming pool C.To a professor’s class

9. What will the man have to do this afternoon?

A. Study history B. Write a poem C. Finish a paper

10 What does Prof. Lovell probably teach?

A. Literature B. History C. Maths

听第8段材料，回答第11、12、13题。

11. Who is going to work today?

A. The woman B. The man C. Rebecca

12. When will the two speakers meet again?

A. At 1:00 B. At 11:45 C. At 2; 30

13. Where do they probably live?

A. In the center of the city B. Near the gym C. Out of the city

听第9段材料，回答第14、15、16题。

14. Who do you think “they” refer to?

A. Policemen B. Teachers C. Thieves

15. What probably had happened to the man?

A. He might steal something to eat B. He lost his money C. He had a job interview.

16. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Teacher and student. B. Policewoman and thief C. Friends.

听第10段材料，回答第17、18、19、20题。

17. What was Frank’s trouble?

A. His cold had worsened and he had no medicine at home B. There was no one around to take care of him

C. He began to develop a bad cough that morning

18 What did Ramon do for Frank?

A. He went to buy some cough syrup for him

B. He called for a doctor.

C. He sent his dog Blackie to the local drugstore for some medicine

19. How did Ramon feel when Blackie was late?

A. Disappointed B. Amused C. Embarrassed

20 Why did Blackie bark at the bone outside the window?

A. Because he wanted to tell his master why he was delayed

B. Because he was very excited to see it.

C. Because he wanted to express his thanks to his master for it.

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. ------The weather isn’t good enough for an outing, is it?

------Not in the least. We can’t have _______ at this time of the year.

A. a worse day B. a nicer day

C. such a bad day D. so fine a day

22. ________, I think, and the problem could be settled.

A. Making great efforts B. So long as you keep up your spirits

C. If you double your efforts D. A bit more effort

23．When the wounded to the hospital, they came to .

A．was rushed , life B．were rushed , life

C．rushed , lives D．were rushed , lives

24. He _____ a novel last year but I don’t know whether he____ it.

A. wrote; writes B. had written; has written

C. was writing; has finished D. has written; writes

25. We were told that we should follow the main road__________ we reached the central railway station.

A. whenever　　　 B. until　　　　

C. while　　　　 D. wherever

26. You see, there’s no light on in the classroom，there be anybody studying there now.

A. can’t B. mustn’t

C. needn’t D. mayn’t

27. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been__________ by a heavy storm.

A. kept　　　　 B. stopped　　　　

C. slowed　　　　 D. delayed

28. The general at last got a chance to visit the village, he used to fight, he had been dreaming of for years.

A. where; which B. where; that

C. in which; what D. that; which

29. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.

A. contact B. contrast

C. connection D. conflict

30. money, he is quite rich, but this does not mean he is happy.

A. As with　　 B. In terms of　　

C. Concerning　　 D. In the light of

31. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.

A. doctors came to their rescue B. an emergency measure was taken

C. the tall building collapsed D. warnings were given to tourists

32．Cheer up, Maria! You can also enjoy _____ you have been dreaming of, if you don’t lose heart.

A．as a convenient life as B．as convenient a life as

C．as a life convenient as D．convenient as a life as

33. _____ the help of our teachers, we ______ the problem.

A Under; took no trouble in solving B In; had no trouble at solving

C On; kept no troubles to solve D With; had no difficulty solving

34．-------______ either you or he going to visit the exhibition?

-------He is. I can't _______ working until 6 o'clock.

A．Is; knock off B．Are; knock away

C．Are; knock off D．Is; knock away

35. A model or an experiment in a science class can help students see things which would ______ remain hidden.

A. otherwise B. still

C. thus D. therefore

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 36~55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I ran into a stranger as he passed by. “I'm so sorry!” was my reply. Then he said, “Excuse me too. I wasn't 36

watching for you.” We were very polite. Then we went on our way after saying 37.

But at 38 , a different story is told. How we treat our loved ones, young and old. Later in the kitchen, as I 39 our meal, my daughter walked up to me, very still. When I turned, I 40 knocked her down. “Get out of the way!” I shouted. She stepped away silently, with her little heart 41 .

That night, when I lay 42 in bed, God's quiet voice spoke to me and said, “While 43 with a stranger, you are calm and polite, but with those you love, you are QUICK to excite... Go look around on the kitchen floor, you'll find some flowers there by the 44 . Those are the flowers she brought for you. She 45 them herself-- pink, yellow, and your favorite blue. She stood there quietly, and you never saw the 46 in her eyes.”

By this time, I felt sad and small and now my own tears had begun to fall. I quietly went and knelt by her 47 : “Wake up, my dear,” I said, “Are these the flowers you picked up for me?” She smiled, “I found them out by the tree. I 48 them in a napkin, just for you. I knew you'd like them, especially the 49 .” I said, “I am so sorry that I missed them today... And I 50 have shouted at you that way.”

And she whispered, “Mommy, that's okay.. I still love you 51 .” I hugged her and said, “I love you, too and I LOVE the flowers.”

Do you know that: if you die tomorrow, the 52 you are working for could easily replace you in a matter of days. But the family you leave _53 will feel the loss for the rest of their lives. And come to think of it, we pour ourselves more into our 54 than into our families--an unwise investment indeed.

Remember that 55 equals (F)ATHER -- (A)ND--(M)OTHER -- (I)--(L)OVE--(Y)OU.

36. A. ever B. even C. just D. right

37. A. greeting B. good morning C. goodbye D. hello

38. A. school B. work C. home D. office

39. A. cooked B. had C. ate D. took

40. A. already B. hardly C. rudely D. nearly

41. A. lost B. missed C. beaten D. broken

42. A. asleep B. awake C. afraid D. alive

43. A. dealing B. meeting C. going D. talking

44. A. floor B. kitchen C. window D. door

45. A. grew B. bought C. picked D. fetched

46. A. tears B. expressions C. smiles D. joy

47. A. desk B. bed C. body D. knees

48. A. wrapped B. covered C. put D. help

49. A. pink B. yellow C. blue D. black

50. A. needn't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. can't

51. A. indeed B. besides C. anything D. anyway

52. A. company B. country C. place D. state

53. A. for B. with C. behind D. to

54. A. stranger B. loss C. meal D. work

55. A. RESPECT B. WARMTH C. FAMILY D. FRIEND

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944, when she starred in National Velvet-the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race. At first, the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play the part of Velvet. However, they waited for her for a few months as she exercised and trained―and added three inches to her height in four months! Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress.

Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932. Her parents, both Americans, had moved there for business reasons. When World war II started, the Taylors moved to Beverly Hills, California, and there Elizabeth started acting in movies. After her success as a child star, Taylor moved into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress: Butterfield 8(1960) and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)

Taylor’s fame and popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry, so she was able to demand very high pay for her movies. In 1963, she received $1 million for her part in Cleopatra―the highest pay received by any star up to that time.

Elizabeth Taylor is a legend of our time. Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky, she has beauty, fame and wealth. But she is also a hard worker. Taylor seldom acts in movies any more. Instead, she puts her time and efforts into her businesses, and into helping others ― several years ago, she founded an organization that has raised more than $40 million for research and education.

56. The producers didn’t let Taylor play the part of Velvet at first because they thought she ____.

A. was small in size B. was too young

C. did not play well enough D. did not show much interest

57. What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both _____.

A. popular all their lives B. famous actresses

C. successful when very young D. rich and kind-hearted

58. Taylor became Best Actress at the age of .

A. 12 B. 28 C. 31 D. 34

59. In her later life, Elizabeth Taylor devoted herself to .

A. doing business and helping others B. turning herself into a legend

C. collecting money for the poor D. going about research and education work

B

If you think a Web site designed especially for complaining sounds unique, then think again. If you have a complaint, there are hundreds of sites that allow you to get it off your chest. Sites exist for complaining about such things as defective products, government inefficiency, and offensive advertising. There are even sites where you can complain about anything that bugs you, including love, family, or just the weather. These Web sites won’t actually do anything about your problem; they just let you blow off steam. Here’s a sampling of complaints people have written:

1. Something I can’t stand is pencils! They need to be sharpened after every page you write. And then don’t you hate it when they start to make a scratching noise?

2. Have you ever noticed that in most schools you have chairs with armrests to write on attached to the right-hand side of the chair only? Where are the desks for left-handed people? It’s very uncomfortable for us “lefties” to use these desks made for right-handed people!

3. I see red every time I get my credit card bill from the bank. There’s always a check for a large amount attached with an invitation to sign it and spend it on “anything I want.” I have enough sense to rip it up and throw it away, but I bet a lot of people don’t. They don’t realize that when they use the “free check”, the expense gets put on their credit card bill. Boy, they must be surprised when they get that bill! I think that banks shouldn’t be tempting people with those checks.

4. It isn’t fair that only the US controls the Internet! I go to fill in a request for a catalog or a prize or a free offer, and I find it’s limited to residents of the United States. I live outside the US, and it’s frustrating!

60. If you have a complaint and go to some Web sites, ___________.

A. your problem will be settled B. you won’t be angry any more

C. you are allowed to check your chest D. you will be bugged

61. What is the problem with those checks that people complained about?

A. People can buy anything without paying the bill. B. People usually throw them away.

C. People are surprised to get the checks. D. People couldn’t realize they’d used too much with the check

62. Why do people complain about the Internet?

A. People can’t find the internet outside the United States B. People can’t get a free offer in the United States.

C. People can’t get a free offer outside the United States. D People can’t fill in a request for a free offer.

63. What could be the best title for the passage?

A. Excellent Web Sites. B. Complaining Online.

C. Sampling of Complaints. D. Writing out Your Complaints.

C

To be “historically minded” is to see things in relation and in perspective, and to judge tolerantly. We must remember how differently men have thought and acted in different times. We must always keep an open mind, ready to receive and weigh new evidence. If we grasp this idea, we will never think that a historian is someone who can remember dates. That childish idea is like calling a man a statesman because he can remember the names of voters in his district. A waiter could remember more names and a telephone operator more numbers than the greatest historian.?

The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure that his statements are based on sound “documents” or “sources” which go back to the time of the facts themselves. But the historian needs always to be in his guard not to be misled by his sources. A document may not be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reasons. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences.?

Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first: “Did this writer mean to tell the truth?” and second; “Was he in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to?” Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth.?

64 A “historica1ly minded” researcher ____.?

A. always keeps an open mind to history? B. looks at one historical event without relating it to another

C. sees things from a single point of view? D. refuses to accept new evidence?

65. In Paragraph l the author means to illustrate that ____.?

A. different men think and act differently?

B. the study of history is not merely a matter of remembering dates?

C. a statesman can remember the names of voters in his district?

D. a waiter can remember more names than the great historians?

66. The true historian should base his statements on ____.?

A. findings of other historians? B. documents created at the present time?

C. his own inferences? D. sound historical materials?

67. Which of the following is the topic of Paragraph 3? ?

A. Some historical documents may not be real.? B. Historians should be careful about their sources.

C. Some authors may not be honest.?? D. Historians may be influenced by their own backgrounds.?

D

We can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. We'll provide you with a choice of 150 first-class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open University's own special study method--OU support open learning.

We'll give the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one of courses, diplomas, a degree or a postgraduate degree. Subjects available include: Computing, Business Managements, Technology, Modern languages, Social Sciences, English Law, Arts, Science, Mathematics, Education and Health & Social Welfare.

Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or your own personal interest, there's almost certainly a course for you. If you haven't studied for a while, we will help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required, you just need a lovely power of learning and a willingness to learn. It’s real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments.

Open University course materials are of the highest quality and come in a variety of forms, including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source material on CD-ROM. What else can the Open University offer you?

● The OU is in the top 15% of all UK universities for teaching quality.

● 25% of all British MBAs come from the OU.

● Over 30,000 employers have offered chances to their staff of OU courses.

● 40,000 OU students are online from home.

● There are 9-month courses and new diplomas as well as degrees.

Send for your free instructions now.

68. This is an advertisement of _________.

A. inquiring English learning B. setting up the Open University

C. selling books D. attracting students

69. As a student of the Open University, you don't need to ________.

A. buy any course materials B. have lessons all the time at the university

C. choose which course to learn D. pay any money for your study

70. The Open University can supply you with ________.

A. a course for training your English B. a classroom and a library for study

C. different kinds of free instructions D. different jobs to choose from

71. We can learn from the text that _________.

A. OU courses are popular in Britain B. money for learning must be paid off at one time

C. You can’t be admitted without any training before D. people can't be employed without finishing OU courses

Effective environmental protection laws and other measures have led to the improvement of water quality in Tai Hu lake in Jiangsu Province.

The news was announced by officials from the provincial environmental protection bureau, which has just conducted an inspection of the lake area.

By the end of September, about 80 per cent of industrial pollutants met required standards and the lake is expected to be cleaner by the end of the year, officials said.

According to targets set by the State Environmental Protection Administration, all polluting enterprises must meet set standards by the end of this year or they will be shut down.

The Taihu Lake area, which surrounds the cities of Suzhou, Wuxi and Changshou, is one of the most economically developed areas in the country and has long enjoyed a reputation as the “land of fish and rice”

However, the quality of water in the lake has been deteriorating（恶化）at an alarmingly rate in recent years, which has caused concern from the government and local people.

Pollution is so high mainly because people do not have enough environmental awareness and have put economic benefits ahead of their surroundings.

Economic development in the area has been rapid with hundreds of factories being built. But officials say most of these do not have the anti-pollution equipment or measures they should have.

Because of the lack of waste treatment facilities, wasted water and other rubbish from residential areas in nearby towns and villages flow into rivers which are connected to Taihu Lake. This also contributed to the lake’s pollution.

Realizing the seriousness of the situation, the provincial and local governments began to tackle the problem.

Experts were invited to offer suggestions and laws and regulations were issued. All newly built factories and enterprises in the lake area were required to install necessary anti-pollution facilities before they can go into operation.

Also, some wasted water treatment works will be built in the three cities.

72. We can know from the text that the Taihu lake area is a place where_____.

A. the water in the lake was very clear B. the factories are trying their best to protect the water

C. the economy has been developed best in the country

D. the people and the government are paying more attention to the pollution.

73. Most of the factories now _____

A. are sending the quite a little pollutant to the lake B. can satisfy the required standards

C. have to stop their production D. have to think of other ways to survive.

74. The reason why the pollution became so serious here is that ___

A. the people here didn’t know how to deal with the pollution

B. the factories thought the economy was the first

C. the local governments didn’t know the situation at all

D. the factories had no the technology to control the pollution.

75. After reading the text, we can learn that_____.

A. the economy development will do harm for the environment

B. we can not avoid polluting if we wish to develop our economy.

C. only the experts can deal with the pollution

D. pollution can't be the result of the economy development

第二卷（非选择题共35分）

第四部分：写作 （共两节，满分35分）

第一节：对话填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

　阅读下面对话，掌握其大意，并根据所给字母的提示，在标有题号的右边线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。

Jack: Have you heard the news that someone rode a horse to school?

Jane: What? Rode a horse to school? It (76) s_______ so strange to me.

Jack: But that’s true. A newspaper says recently two American (77) g_____ did it.

Jane: How come?

Jack: That is (78) b______ of rising oil prices. (79) L________ far away from their school, Mellissa Evans and Chapa Steven went to school by car. And as oil prices kept rising, they thought their horses would (80) s______ them money. (81) A_________ the trip will take hours, hay(干草) is much (82) c_______ than gas.

Jane: That’s right.

Jack: But the girl’s (83) c_________ ideas may not last long.

Jane: But why?

Jack: The school has told them that keeping horses at school is (84) a________ the school rules.

Jane. I see.

Jack: And many people have (85) s_______ from the oil prices rising in America, so they wish to get down the oil prices soon.

Jane: So do people in our country.

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）

根据提示写一篇120字左右的短文。

时下，很多学生带手机上学。为此，某英语报在你校组织了一场讨论。讨论的主题：中学生是否有必要带手机去学校。请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。

大多数同学认为

大多数老师认为：

你的观点：

可方便与家长、同学联系；是一种时尚。

中学生年龄尚小，还不能自控；用手机玩游戏，发短信浪费时间；容易引起攀比。如须打电话学校里有各种电话可供使用。

追求时尚可以理解，

但学习是首要任务。

注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。

2参考词汇：攀比：vie with… 在校园内：on the campus

Dear editor:

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether ????????.

试题详情

九江一中2009届高三年级上学期期中考试

数学试卷（文科）

组题：杨相春审题：高三数学备课组

试题详情

九江一中2009学年高三上学期期中试卷

政治

命题人:王玲审题人:高三政治备课组

试题详情

九江一中2008―2009学年度上学期期中考试试卷

高三地理

命题人：蔺光辉审题人：赵伟云

试题详情

九江一中2008―2009学年期中考试试卷

高三历史

命题人：阮家梅审题人：漆险峰

试题详情

2009年新课标高考英语模拟试题（八）

Class Name Marks （满分120分）

试题详情

2009年高考第二轮热点专题训练27―醛、酸和酯

. （五年高考真题精练）

1．（08海南卷）1mo1X能与足量碳酸氢钠溶液反应放出44.8LCO₂(标准状况)，则X的分子式是（）

A．C₅H₁₀O₄ B．C₄H₈O₄ C．C₃H₆O₄D．C₂H₂O₄

2．（08重庆卷）食品香精菠萝酯的生产路线（反应条件略去）如下：

下列叙述错误的是（）

A．步骤（1）产物中残留的苯酚可用FeCl₃溶液检验

B．苯酚和菠萝酯均可与酸性KMnO₄溶液发生反应

C．苯氧乙酸和菠萝酯均可与NaOH溶液发生反应

D．步骤（2）产物中残留的烯丙醇可用溴水检验

3．（08全国Ⅰ卷）下列各组物质不属于同分异构体的是（）

A．2，2-二甲基丙醇和2-甲基丁醇 B．邻氯甲苯和对氯甲苯

C．2-甲基丁烷和戊烷 D．甲基丙烯酸和甲酸丙酯

4．(07广东卷)下列关于有机化合物的说法正确的是( )

A．乙醇和乙酸都存在碳氧双键

B．甲烷和乙烯都可以与氯气反应

C．高锰酸钾可以氧化苯和甲烷

D．乙烯可以与氢气发生加成反应，苯不能与氢气加成

5．(07全国卷I)某有机化合物仅由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成，其相对分子质量小于150，若已知其中氧的质量分数为50%，则分子中碳原子的个数最多为( )

A．4 　　　B．5 　　　 C．6 　　　D．7

6．(07宁夏卷)下列除去杂质的方法正确的是( )

①除去乙烷中少量的乙烯：光照条件下通入Cl₂，气液分离；

②除去乙酸乙酯中少量的乙酸：用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤，分液、干燥、蒸馏；

③除去CO₂中少量的SO₂：气体通过盛饱和碳酸钠溶液的洗气瓶；

④除去乙醇中少量的乙酸：加足量生石灰，蒸馏。

A．①② 　　B．②④ 　　C．③④ 　　 D．②③

7．(07海南卷)下列有关合成洗涤剂的叙述错误的是( )

A．在洗涤剂烷基苯磺酸钠中，烷基含碳原子的个数以12～18为宜

B．在洗涤剂烷基苯磺酸钠中，烷基应以带有支链的为宜

C．在合成洗涤剂中添加酶制剂可提高洗涤效果

D．在合成洗涤剂中应以无磷助剂代替含磷助剂

8．(07海南卷)从甜橙的芳香油中可分离得到如下结构的化合物：

现在试剂：①KMnO₄酸性溶液；②H₂/Ni；③Ag(NH₃)₂OH；④新制Cu(OH)₂，能与该化合物中所有官能团都发生反应的试剂有( )

A．①②　　　　B．②③　　　　C．③④　　　　D．①④w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

9．(07山东卷)下列说法正确的是( )

A．乙烯的结构简式可以表示为CH₂CH₂

B．苯、乙醇和乙酸都能发生取代反应

C．油脂都不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色

D．液化石油气和天然气的主要成分都是甲烷

10．（06重庆卷）利尿酸在奥运会上被禁用，其结构简式如图所示。下列叙述正确的是( )

A．利尿酸的衍生物利尿酸甲酯的分子式是C₁₄H₁₄O₄Cl₂

B．利尿酸分子内处于同一平面的原子不超过10个

C．1 mol利尿酸能与7 mol H₂发生加成反应

D．利尿酸能与FeCl₃溶液发生显色反应

11．（05北京卷）可用于鉴别以下三种化合物的一组试剂是( )

①银氨溶液 ②溴的四氯化碳溶液 ③氯化铁溶液 ④氢氧化钠溶液

A．②与③ B．③与④ C．①与④ D．①与②

12．（04上海卷）某芳香族有机物的分子式为C₈H₆O₂，它的分子（除苯环外不含其他环）中不可能有( )

A．两个羟基 B．一个醛基 C．两个醛基 D．一个羧基

13．（04理综）室内装潢和家具挥发出来的甲醛是室内空气的主要污染物，甲醛易溶于水，常温下有强烈刺激性气味，当温度超过20℃时，挥发速度加快，根据甲醛的这些性质，下列做法错误的是( )

A．入住前房间内保持一定温度并通风

B．装修尽可能选择在温度较高的季节

C．请环境监测部门检测室内甲醛含量低于国家标准后入住

D．紧闭门窗一段时间后入住

14．（04理综卷）心酮胺是治疗冠心病的药物。它具有如下结构简式：

下列关于心酮胺的描述，错误的是 ( ) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

A．可以在催化剂作用下和溴反应 B．可以和银氨溶液发生银镜反应

C．可以和氢溴酸反应 D．可以和浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合液反应

15．（04理综卷）乳酸（）在一定条件下经缩合生成一种塑料（）

用这种新型塑料制成的餐具，在乳酸菌的作用下，60天内分解成无害的物质，不会对环境造成污染。在该聚合反应中生成的另一种产物是( )

A．H₂O B．CO₂ C． O₂ D． H₂

16．(07全国卷II)某有机化合物X(C₇H₈O)与另一有机化合物Y发生如下反应生成化合物Z(C₁₁H₁₄O₂)。X＋YZ＋H₂O

(1)X是下列化合物之一，已知X不能与FeCl₃溶液发生显色反应，则X是_________(填标号字母)。

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(2)Y的分子式是__________，可能的结构简式是___________________和__________________。

(3)Y有多种同分异构体，其中一种同分异构体E发生银镜反应后，其产物经酸化可得到F(C₄H₈O₃)。F可发生如下反应：

F＋H₂O

该反应的类型是________________，E的结构简式是__________________________。

(4)若Y与E具有相同的碳链，则Z的结构简式为____________________________。

17．(07山东卷)乙基香草醛()是食品添加剂的增香原料，其香味比香草醛更加浓郁。

(1)写出乙基香草醛分子中两种含氧官能团的名称_______________________。

(2)乙基香草醛的同分异构体A是一种有机酸，A可发生以下变化：

提示：①RCH₂OHRCHO；

②与苯环直接相连的碳原子上有氢时，此碳原子才可被酸性KMnO₄溶液氧化为羧基。

(a)由A→C的反应属于_______________(填反应类型)。

(b)写出A的结构简式________________________。

(3)乙基香草醛的另一种同分异构体D()是一种医药中间体。请设计合理方案用茴香醛()合成D(其他原料自选，用反应流程图表示，并注明必要的反应条件)。

例如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

18．(07四川卷)有机化合物A的分子式是C₁₃H₂₀O₈(相对分子质量为304)，1 mol A在酸性条件下水解得到4 mol CH₃COOH和1 mol B。B分子结构中每一个连有羟基的碳原子上还连有两个氢原子。

请回答下列问题：

(1)A和B的相对分子质量之差是_______。

(2)B的结构简式是____________________。

(3)B不能发生的反应是_________(填写序号)。

①氧化反应 ②取代反应 ③消去反应 ④加聚反应

(4)已知：

―CHO＋；

―CHO＋＋NaOH(浓)＋。

以两种一元醛(其物质的量之比为1:4)和必要的无机试剂为原料合成B，写出合成B的各步反应的化学方程式。

19．(07天津卷)奶油中有一种只含C、H、O的化合物A。A可用作香料，其相对分子质量为88，分子中C、H、O原子个数比为2:4:1。

(1)A的分子式为______________。

(2)写出与A分子式相同的所有酯的结构简式：__________________________________________。

已知：①ROH＋HBr(氢溴酸)RBr＋H₂O

②RCHO＋R´CHO

A中含有碳氧双键，与A相关的反应如下：

(3)写出A→E、E→F的反应类型：A→E_____________、E→F______________。

(4)写出A、C、F的结构简式：A________________________、C_______________________、F____________________。

(5)写出B→D反应的化学方程式________________________________________________。

(6)在空气中长时间搅拌奶油，A可转化为相对分子质量为86的化合物G，G的一氯代物只有一种，写出G的结构简式_____________________________。A→G的反应类型为_______________。

20．(07重庆卷) 有机物A、B、C互为同分异构体，分子式为C₅H₈O₂，有关的转化关系如图所示，已知：A的碳链无支链，且1 mol A能与4 mol Ag(NH₃)OH完全反应；B为五元环酯。

提示：CH₃―CH=CH―RCH₂Br―CH=CH―R

(1)A中所含官能团是___________________。

(2)B、H结构简式为___________________________、___________________________________。

(3)写出下列反应方程式(有机物用结构简式表示)

D→C___________________________________________________；

E→F(只写①条件下的反应)______________________________________________。

(4)F的加聚产物的结构简式为______________________________。

21．(07北京卷)(碳、氢、氧3种元素组成的有机物A，相对分子质量为102，含氢的质量分数为9.8%，分子中氢原子个数为氧的5倍。

(1)A的分子式是。

(2)A有2个不同的含氧官能团，其名称是。

(3)一定条件下，A与氢气反应生成B，B分子的结构可视为1个碳原子上连接2个甲基和另外2个结构相同的基团。

①A的结构简式是。

②A不能发生的反应是(填写序号字母) 。

a．取代反应 b．消去反应 c．酯化反应 d．还原反应

(4)写出两个与A具有相同官能团、并带有支链的同分异构体的结构简式：。

(5)A还有另一种酯类同分异构体，该异构体在酸性条件下水解，生成两种相对分子质量相同的化合物，其中一种的分子中有2个甲基，此反应的化学方程式是。

(6)已知环氧氯丙烷可与乙二醇发生如下聚合反应：

n＋nOHCH₂CH₂OH

＋nHCl

B也能与环氧氯丙烷发生类似反应生成高聚物，该高聚物的结构简式是。

22．（06北京）有机物A为茉莉香型香料。

（1）A分子中含氧官能团的名称是。

（2）C的分子结构可表示为（其中R和R’代表不同的烃基）：

A的化学式是，A可以发生的反应是（填写序号字母）。

a．还原反应 b．消去反应 c．酯化反应 d．水解反应

（3）已知含有烃基R的有机物R－OH与浓溴水反应产生白色沉淀，则含有烃基R’的有机物R’－OH的类别属于。

（4）A分子结构中只有一个甲基，A的结构简式是。

（5）在浓硫酸存在下，B与乙醇共热生成化合物C₁₆H₂₂O₂的化学方程式是：

。

（6）在A的多种同分异构体中，分子结构中除烃基R’含有三个甲基外，其余部分均与A相同的有种。

23．（06四川卷）四川盛产五倍子。以五倍子为原料

可制得化合物A。A的结构简式如右图所示：

（1）A的分子式是。

（2）有机化合物B在硫酸催化条件下加热发生酯化反应可得到A。请与出B的结构简式：

。

（3）请写出A与过量NaOH溶液反应的化学方程式：。

（4）有机化合物C是合成治疗禽流感药物的原料之一。C可以看成是B与氢气按物质的量之比1∶2发生加成反应得到的产物。C分子中无羟基与碳碳双键直接相连的结构，它能与溴水反应使溴水褪色。请写出C与溴水反应的化学方程式：

。

24．（04天津卷）烯烃通过臭氧化并经锌和水处理得到醛或酮。例如：

CH₃CH₂CH＝C(CH₃)₂CH₃CH₂CH＝O＋O＝C(CH₃)₂

I．已知丙醛的燃烧热为1815kJ/mol，丙酮的燃烧热为1789kJ/mol，试写出丙醛燃烧的热化学方程式。

II．上述反应可用来推断烯烃的结构。一种链状单烯烃A通过臭氧化并经锌和水处理得到B和C。化合物B含碳69.8%，含氢11.6%，B无银镜反应，催化加氢生成D。D在浓硫酸存在下加热，可得到能使溴水褪色且只有一种结构的物质E。反应图示如下：

回答下列问题：

（1）B的相对分子质量是；C→F的反应类型为；D中含有官能团的名称。

（2）D＋F→G的化学方程式是：。

（3）A的结构简式为。

（4）化合物A的某种同分异构体通过臭氧化并经锌和水处理只得到一种产物，符合该条件的异构体的结构简式有种。

25．（04全国卷）芳香化合物A、B互为同分异构体，B的结构是

A经①、②两步反应得C、D和E。B经①、②两步反应得E、F和H。上述反应过程、产物性质及相互关系如图所示

（1）写出E的结构简式。

（2）A有2种可能的结构，写出相应的结构简式

。

（3）F和小粒金属钠反应的化学方程式是，

实验现象是，反应类型是。

（4）写出F在浓H₂SO₄作用下在170℃发生反应的化学方程式：

，

实验现象是，反应类型是。

（5）写出F与H在加热和浓H₂SO₄催化作用下发生反应的化学方程式

，

实验现象是，反应类型是。

（6）在B、C、D、F、G、I化合物中，互为同系物的是。

试题详情

2009年新课标高考英语模拟试题（七）

Class Name Marks （满分120分）

试题详情

2009年复习有机合成推断专题 1

1、某有机物X是农药生产中的一种中间体，其结构简式为

（如图）

（1）X的分子式为____________（3分）

（2）X分子中含有的官能团有____________________

（用结构简式表示）（3分）

（3）X可能发生多种反应，下列有关X发生化学反应的叙述中正确的是（）（多选扣分）（3分）

A．在氢氧化钠醇溶液中共热能发生消去反应

B．在铜作催化剂时加热，可被氧气氧化生成能发生银镜反应的物质

C．在浓硫酸存在时加热可发生消去反应

D．在铁作催化剂时，可跟液溴发生取代反应

（4）写出X跟氢氧化钠稀溶液共热时所发生反应的化学方程式

________________________________________________。（3分）

（5）X可能有多种同分异构体，写出符合下列条件的一种同分异构体的结构简式

________ __。（3分）

①苯环只有分处在对位的两个取代基

②遇氯化铁溶液不变色，但遇pH试纸显红色

2、（16分）某有机物X（C₁₂H₁₃O₆Br）分子中含有多种官能团，其结构简式为：

（其中I、II为未知部分的结构）。为推测X的分子结构，进行如图转化：

已知向E的水溶液中滴入FeCl₃溶液发生显色反应，G、M都能与NaHCO₃溶液反应。请回答：

（1）M的结构简式为；D分子中所含官能团的结构简式是。

（2）E可以发生的反应有（选填序号）。

①加成反应 ②消去反应 ③氧化反应 ④取代反应

（3）G在一定条件下发生反应生成分子组成为C₄H₄O₄的有机物（该有机物可使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色），写出G发生此反应的化学方程式：。

（4）若在X分子结构中，I里含有能与氯化铁溶液发生显色反应的官能团，且E与溴水反应生成的一溴代物只有一种，则X的结构简式是。

（5）F与G互为同分异构体，F的分子中只含有羧基、羟基和醛基三种官能团，且同一个碳原子上不能同时连有两个羟基。则F的分子结构可能为、。

3、（16分）已知香豆素是一种广泛使用的香料，其结构简式为：

提示：有机物C_XH_YO_Z的不饱和度Ω=x+1-，CH₃CHO+CH₃CHOCH₃CH=CHCHO，试回答：

（1）香豆素的分子式为，不饱和度Ω 。

（2）现提供乙醇、水杨醛及必要的无机试剂，合成香豆素，其路线如下表所示，请在方框内填写A→D的结构简式：

（3）为确定化合物B中是否含有“―OH”的官能团，加入的试剂是，可能的现象是。

（4）写出下列反应的化学方程式：

AB

BC

4、(16分)

（I）乙苯的结构简式可以表示为，右图是一种形状酷似

一条小狗的有机物，化学家Tim Rickard将其取名为“doggycene”。

（1）doggycene分子式为________________________。

（2）0.5mol该物质在氧气中完全燃烧生成CO2和水，共消耗氧气的物质的量为______mol.

（II）惕各酸苯乙酯（C13H16O2）广泛用作香精的调香剂。为了合成该物质，某实验室的科技人员设计了下列合成路线：

试回答下列问题：

（1）A的结构简式为____________；F的结构简式为________________。

（2）反应②中另加的试剂是__________________；反应⑤的一般条件是_________。

（3）反应③的化学方程式为___________________________。

（4）上述合成路线中属于取代反应的是______________________（填编号）。

5、（15分）某有机化合物A的相对分子质量大于150且小于200。经分析得知，化合物中碳、氢、氧的质量比为：7.5:1.125:3。A具有酸性，是蜂王浆中的有效成分，物质的量为0.0002mol的A需用20.0mL 0.0100mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液来滴定达到滴定终点。

（1）有机化合物A的相对分子质量是，该化合物的化学式（分子式）是。

（2）已知A能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，A发生臭氧化还原水解反应生成B和C，B能发生银镜反应，且能与金属钠或氢氧化钠溶液反应。

以上反应和B的进一步反应如下图所示。

1molD与适量的碳酸氢钠溶液反应可放出二氧化碳44.8L（标准状况）。若将D与F在浓硫酸作用下加热，可以生成一个化学式（分子式）为C₄H₄O₄的六元环G，该反应的化学方程式是，反应类型是。D与碳酸氢钠反应的化学方程式是。

（3）经测定，有机化合物C没有支链，分子中没有―CH₃。写出有机化合物A的结构简式。

6、目前用于抗幽门螺旋杆菌的常见高效抗生素是氨苄青霉素，它可由青霉素来合成。

已知：…

请回答下列问题：

（1）写出反应①②的反应类型：

①　　　　　　，②　　　　　　。

（2）写出D的结构简式　　　　　　。

（3）写出反应①③的化学方程式：

①　　　　　　，

③　　　　　　。

7、有机物A（C₁₀H₂₀O₂）具有兰花香味，可用作香皂、洗发香波的芳香赋予齐。已知：

①B分子中没有支链。

②D能与碳酸氢钠溶液反应放出二氧化碳。

③D、E互为具有相同官能团的同分异构体。E分子烃基上的氢若被Cl取代，其一氯代物只有一种。

④F可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。

（1）B可以发生的反应有（选填序号）

①取代反应 ②消去反应 ③加聚反应 ④氧化反应

（2）D、F分子所含的官能团的名称依次是：、。

（3）写出与D、E具有相同官能团的同分异构体的可能结构简式：

。

（4）E可用于生产氨苄青霉素等。已知E的制备方法不同于其常见的同系物，据报道，可由2―甲基―1―丙醇和甲酸在一定条件下制取E。该反应的化学方程式是。

8、已知：

Ⅰ（代表烷烃基)

Ⅱ．烯醇式结构，即碳碳双键连接羟基(如)不能稳定存在。

某有机物有如下转化关系：

(1)中官能团名称为

(2) 与银氨溶液在加热时反应的化学方程式是(有机物写结构简式，下同)：；

实验现象是。

(3)从合成D通常要经过几步有机反应，其中最佳顺序瘦是 (填序号)。

a．水解、酸化、氧化 b．氧化、水解、酸化

c．水解、酸化、还原 d．氧化、水解、酯化

(4)若按“最佳顺序”进行，写出一定条件下BC的化学反应方程式：

(5)A有一种同分异构体，能与Na反应放出，则其结构简式为：

该有机物在一定条件下能发生加聚反应，其化学方程式为：

该反应所形成的高聚物吸水性强，原因可能是

9、（15分）随着社会的发展科技的进步，合成材料的使用面更广泛，作用也越来越重要。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（有机玻璃）以质轻、易加工和透光性好等特点广泛用于制造飞机、汽车玻璃、电学仪器、医疗器械等方面。下图是以物质A为起始反应物合成有机玻璃的路线。

据上述过程完成下列问题

（1）D中含有官能团的名称___________、_______________。（4分）

（2）上述过程中有关反应的反应类型为：①___________反应，⑤____________反应，⑦___________反应。（3分）

（3）A分子中最多有__________个原子共平面。（2分）

（4）写出②的化学反应方程式:_________________________________ _______(3分)

（5）E在浓和加热的条件下，还生成一种六元环状产物，

写出该产物的结构简式：______________________________________________.(3分)

10、（1）苯氯乙酮是一具有荷花香味且有强催泪作用的化学试剂，它的结构简式如下图所示：则苯氯乙酮不可能具有的化学性质是（填字母序号）

A、加成反应 B、取代反应 C、消去反应

D、水解反应 E、银镜反应

（2）今有化合物

①请写出丙中含氧官能团的名称

②请判别上述哪些化合物互为同分异构体：

③请按酸性由强至弱排列甲、乙、丙的顺序：

（3）由丙烯经下列反应可制得F、G两种高分子化合物，它们都是常用的塑料。

①丙烯分子中，最多有个原子在同一个平面上；

②聚合物F的结构简式是；

③B转化为C的化学方程式是；

④在一定条件下，两分子E能脱去两分子水形成一种六元环状化合物，该化合物的结构简式是。

11、（15 分）茚是一种碳氢化合物，其结构为：茚有一种同分异构体A，A分子中含有一个苯环，且苯环上只有一个侧链，侧链中有一个碳碳不饱和键。A能发生如下变化：

已知：　多个羟基连在同一个碳原子上不稳定，易自动失水：

若B、C、D、E分子中均有一个苯环，根据变化关系图和已知条件，请回答

⑴ A的结构简式是 B的结构简式是

⑵ 写出下列反应的化学方程式

① E经缩聚生成高聚物

② F经加聚生成高聚物

⑶ E→F的有机反应类型是反应。

12、（16分）已知反应：

现有物质B-I的转化关系如下图：

若B的分子式为C₈H₈O，其苯环上的一元取代物只有两种；G为高分子化合物。请回答下列问题：

（1）反应②的反应类型是。

（2）写出有关物质的结构简式：F ，I 。

（3）写出下列反应的化学方程式：

B→C ；

C+D→H 。

（4）C的同素分异构体且属于酯类的芳香族化合物共有6种，以下已有三种，请写出另三种同分异构体的结构简式：

、；

13、已知：

某一元氯代烃A分之式为C₆H₁₁Cl，可以发生如下图所示的转化：

结构分析表明F分之中含有两个甲基，请回答下列问题：

（1）G的分子式为______________________

（2）写出A、E的结构简式：A________________，E_____________________。

（3）D F的反应方程式是___________________________

（4）分之式和E相同，主链含有3个碳原子的二元羧酸的同分异构有___________种。

14、(共15分)2008北京奥运会吉祥物福娃，已被做成各种玩具。有一种玩具的内充物为无

毒的聚酯纤维P，其合成线路如下，其中A、B、C、D、E均为有机物。

（1）A的结构简式是，C的结构简式是。

（2）反应②的化学方程式是；

反应④的化学方程式是。

（3）等物质的量的B与E在热的浓硫酸存在的条件下反应，生成1mol有机物x及1mol水，则有机物x的结构简式是。

（4）指出下列有机反应类型：

反应②属于反应；反应③属于反应；反应④属于反应。

（5）B的同分异构体有多种，其中某种同分异构体y的分子内含有苯环，且y既能与NaHCO₃溶液反应放出CO₂气体，又能发生银镜反应，还能发生水解反应。则y的结构简式是（只写一种）。

15、（18分）2005年的诺贝尔化学奖颁给了3位在烯烃复分解反应研究方面做出突出贡献的化学家。烯烃复分解反应实际上是在金属烯烃络合物的催化下实现C=C双键两边基团换位的反应。如下图表示了两个丙烯分子进行烯烃换位，生成两个新的烯烃分子――丁烯和乙烯。

现以石油裂解得到的丙烯为原料，经过下列反应可以分别合成重要的化工原料I和G。I和G在不同条件下反应可生成多种化工产品，如环酯J。其中G的分子式为C₄H₄O₄。

提示：有机物分子结构中的比―OH更容易被氧化。

请按要求填空：

⑴写出下列反应的反应类型：⑥_________，⑧___________。

⑵写出结构简式：B_________________。

⑶写出下列反应的化学方程式：

③____________________________________________________________________；

⑩____________________________________________________________________。

⑷依据题意，写出④、⑤两步转化中所需无机物的化学式：④_______，⑤__________。

⑸写出符合下列条件的J的同分异构体：4个碳原子在同一直线上、二元酸酯。

_________________________________________________________。

16、（13分）碳、氢、氧3种元素组成的有机物A，相对分子质量为102，含氢的质量分数为9.8%，分子氢原子个数为氧的5倍。

（1）A的分子式是。

（2）A有2个不同的含氧官能团，其名称是。

（3）一定条件下，A与氢气反应生成B，B分子的结构可视为1个碳原子上连接2个甲基和另外2个结构相同的基团。

①A的结构简式是。

②A不能发生的反应是（填写序号字母）。

a．取代反应 b．消去反应 c．酯化反应 d．还原反应

（4）写出两个与A具有相同官能团、并带有支链的同分异构体的结构简式：

、。

（5）A还有另一类酯类同分异构体，该异构体在酸性条件下水解，生成两种相对分子质量相同的化合物，其中一种的分子中有2个甲基，此反应的化学方程式是：

17、（15分）已知（注：R,R’为烃基）

A为有机合成中间体，在一定条件下发生消去反应，可能得到两种互为同分异构体的产物，其中的一种B可用于制取合成树脂、染料等多种化工产品。A能发生如下图所示的变化。

试回答：

(1)写出符合下述条件A的同分异构体结构简式(各任写一种)：

a．具有酸性______________________b．能发生水解反应______________________

(2)A分子中的官能团是_____________，D的结构简式是_____________。

(3)C→D的反应类型是___________，E→F的反应类型是___________

a．氧化反应 b．还原反应 c．加成反应 d．取代反应

(4)写出化学方程式：A→B____________________________________________。

(5)写出E生成高聚物的化学方程式：____________________________________________。

(6)C的同分异构体C_l与C有相同官能团，两分子C_l脱去两分子水形成含有六元环的C₂，写出C₂的结构简式：______________________________。

18、芳香族化合物W完全燃烧生成CO₂和H₂O，W在气态时密度为相同条件下氢气的68倍，则W的摩尔质量为。据此回答下列各题：

（1）若W分子中含有1个氧原子，则W的分子式为，已知W的分子结构中无甲基，则W的结构简式为；

（2）若W分子中含有2个氧原子，A为烃，且有机物A_~H之间有如图所示转化关系(一些反应条件已略去)：

错误！未找到引用源。在错误！未找到引用源。至错误！未找到引用源。反应中，属于取代反应的是；

错误！未找到引用源。烃A的结构简式是；

错误！未找到引用源。写出第错误！未找到引用源。步反应的化学方程式。

19、（16分）某有机物A（只含C、H、O）是一种重要化工生产的中间体，其蒸气密度是相同状况下氢气密度的83倍。试根据下列信息回答相关问题：

①A分子中碳原子总数是氧原子总数的3倍，其苯环上只有一个取代基，且取代基碳链上无支链；

②A可与NaHCO₃溶液作用，产生无色气泡：

③A在一定条件下可与乙酸发生酯化反应。

请写出：

（1）A的分子式；A的一种可能的结构简式；

A中含氧官能团的名称。

若有机物A存在如下转化关系（见下框图），请据此时A的结构回答（2）、（3）、（4）问：

（2）请写出：A→C和B→D的化学反应方程式（注明反应条件），并注明反应类型：

A→C：，

反应类型：。

B→D：，

反应类型：。

（3）A的一种同分异构体F，其苯环上有两个相邻的取代基，且能与三氯化铁溶液发生显色反应。F在稀硫酸存在下水解生成G和H，其中H俗称“木精”，是饮用假酒过程中致人失明、甚至死亡的元凶。

请写出F的结构简式：。

（4）已知H在一定条件下可被氧化成K，K的水溶液常用作防腐剂，请写出：

H→K的化学方程式：。

20、.A是一种芳香族化合物，可以作为制造药物的原料。请根据下图所示的转化关系，回答问题：

(1). 写出结构简式：A________________________；F____________________________。

(2). 写出下列变化的化学方程式，并注明反应类型。

A→C_______________________________________________；反应类型______________。

E→D_______________________________________________；反应类型_______________。

(3). B的一种同分异构体只含一个―CH₃，且1 mol该物质能与浓溴水反应，共消耗3 mol Br₂。则该有机物的结构简式为___________________________________。

21、(16分)咖啡酸(下式中的A)是某种抗氧化剂成分之―，A结构中苯环上有3个取代基，且取代基中不含支链，A遇FeCl₃溶液发生显色反应。A有如下转化关系：

(1)咖啡酸A中含氧官能团的名称为；

(2)写出A生成D的化学：反应方程式，该反应的反应类型为。

(3)a mol咖啡酸A与足量钠反应生成气体(标准状况) L。

(4)蜂胶的主要成分(分子式为C₁₇H₁₆O₄)是由咖啡酸A和―种芳香醇E发生酯化反应生成的，已知E的芳香醇类同分异物体有5种，其中三种为，请写出另外两种、。

22、（15分）有机物A₁和A₂含有碳、氢、氧三种元素，且互为同分异构体。巳知6gA₁在足量的氧气中完全燃烧生成13.2g二氧化碳和7.2g水。有关物质之间的转化关系如下：

已知：X为六元环状化合物

（1）A₁的分子式为

（2）写出下列物质的结构简式：

A₂ X

（3）写出D→E化学反应方程式；

反应①属于反应，反应②属于反应，反应③属于反应

（4）与G具有相同官能团的G的同分异构体M在浓硫酸下，加热失水生成N，N的甲酯可以发生加聚反应生成聚合物P，写出M→N的化学方程式：

聚合物P的结构简式为： .

23、15分）下列是芳香族化合物A、B、C、D、E的转化关系，其中A、E分子式分别是C₉H₈O和C₉H₈O₂，E分子中除苯环外还含有一个六元环，且E中不含甲基。根据下列转化关系回答问题：

（1）写出A分子中所含官能团的名称（至少写两种）。

（2）完成方程式，并分别写出反应类型

A→B 反应类型。

B→C 反应类型。

（3）写出E的结构简式。

（4）能与16.6gD恰好中和的2mol/LNaOH溶液的体积为 mL。

（5）符合下列条件的D的同分异构体共有种，写出其中任意一种同分异构体的结构简式。

①苯环有两个取代基

②能与FeCl₃溶液发生显色反应

③能发生水解反应和银镜反应

24、（15分）2005年诺贝尔化学奖授予研究绿色有机合成的科学家。“绿色化学”是人们最近提出的一个新概念，它的研究，包括化学反应（化工生产）过程的四个基本要素：一是设计对人类健康和环境危害小的起始物，淘汰有毒的反应起始物（原材料）；二是选择最佳的反应（生产）条件，包括温度、压力、时间、介质、物粒平衡等等，以实现最大限度的节能和零排放；三是研究最佳的转换反应和良性的试剂（含催化剂）；四是设计对人类健康和环境安全的目标化合物（最终产品）。在美国就设有“美国总统绿色化学挑战奖”，可见绿色化学的重要性。现已知下列信息：