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郑州四中2008~2009学年上学期高二年级期中考试

英语试卷        命题人:彭佩霞

注意事项:

1.本试卷分为第一卷和第二卷,共5页,第一卷1-4页,第二卷第5页;考试时间为100分钟;卷面分120分。

2.第一卷的答案用铅笔涂在答题卡上,第二卷用钢笔或圆珠笔写在指定的位置上;不按要求做题不给分。

3.交卷时,只交答题卡和第二卷。

第一卷

Ⅰ 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

1. I try to ______ a few minutes every day to do some exercises.

A. set out        B. set off        C. set up        D. set aside

2. The sound of happy laughter ______ memories of his childhood.

A. called for           B. called on          C. called at           D. called up

3. It is the prevention of disease ______its successful treatments that has led to the rapid increase of the world’s population.

A. other than        B. rather than             C. less than               D. but also

4. Being determined is a kind of quality and that’s______ it takes to do anything properly.

A. how                    B. which                      C. where                   D. what

5.The reason ______I have to go is ______my mother is ill in bed.

A. why ;why             B. why; because

C. why ;that             D. that ;because

6. The earth moves around the sun, not______.

A. the other way back                                  B. another way round

C. the other way around                              D. another way against

7. Newton found himself ______the falling apple on his head.

A. inspiring to                                             B. inspired to

C. inspired by                                              D. inspiring by

8. Engines are to machines______ hearts are to animals.

A. that                                                           B. what

C. where                                                        D. which

9. ______we must do is ______the use of energy.

A. That; to reduce                                              B. How; to reduce

C .What;  to reduce                                          D. That; reduce

10. ______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A. Attracting                                               B. Attracted

C. To be attracted                                           D. Having attracted

11. Many things ______impossible for Chinese to understand in the past are quite common today.

A. considering                                                       B. considered

C. to be considered                                                D .having been considered

12. To know what is good and ______are two different things.

A. doing what is right                                           B. does what is right

C. to do what is right                                        D. did what was right

13. The joke made by Tom made us ______,so the teacher couldn’t make himself______.

A. to laugh; hearing                                             B .laugh; heard

C. laughing; hear                                                 D. laughed; heard

14. Her French upbringing gives her certain advantages ______other students in her class.

A. on          B. up to                       C. over        D. more than

15.―Do you think living in the county has advantages?

            .

A. Yes, perfectly             B. Yes, it is  

C. Nothing at all             D. Well, that depends

II. 完型填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)

If you have strong arms and feet, you might make a good waiter. You must  16 , however, not in the restaurant, but in the  17  , helping the head cook, to learn exactly  18  each dish is prepared. Then you will be able to tell the customers what the ingredients (成分)are and how the food is  19  .From this first step, you may enter the restaurant as a  20 . But you won’t be allowed to serve the customers yet. They will  21  let you do the simplest jobs, such as  22 the tables and carrying the plates. But all the time you must watch and learn. Later you will be taught how to  23  food  and if you are good at it, you may become a waiter in charge of a number of  24  .You may even become a head waiter  25   you are afraid of hard work.

When Carlo Bianchi first arrived in London, he  26  only two English words ― “Please” and “ Hello ”. He  27  to get a job helping in the kitchen of an Indian restaurant, and he spent  28  little spare time he had learning English. He was a good worker and soon he got a job in the restaurant as a waiter. Every night, Carlo used to go home tired, but  29  too tired to study the language for half an hour before going to sleep. He always managed to  30  a third of his wages,  31  he put in the bank regularly every Friday. And no matter how tired or ill he felt, he always had a warm  32  for his customers. The customer liked him,  33  people had been used to coming to the restaurant and asking to be served by Carlo. Now twenty five years later. Carlo is the manager of six restaurants, and he hopes to open a seventh  34  .But he still believes in the personal  35  , and every night he goes to one or another of his restaurants to welcome the customers with a friendly greeting.

16. A. work     B. start     C. cook      D. learn

17. A. market   B. school    C. workshop  D. kitchen

18. A. when     B. how       C. what      D. where

19. A. served   B. eaten     C. cooked    D. bought

20. A. learner  B. waiter    C. cook      D. observer

21. A. soon     B. only      C. later     D. hardly

22. A. laying   B. lying     C. putting   D. moving

23. A. take     B. make      C. carry     D. serve

24. A. tables   B. waiters   C. foods     D. jobs

25. A. if       B. before    C. unless    D. though

26. A. spoke    B. studied   C. heard     D. kept in mind

27. A. failed   B. tried     C. managed   D. intended

28. A. how      B. what      C. such      D. that

29. A. only     B. sometimes C. little    D. never

30. A. spare       B. leave     C. save     D. get

31. A. as          B. leave     C. those    D. which

32. A. friendship  B. dish      C. welcome  D. smile

33. A. and         B. for       C. even     D. therefore

34. A. again       B. late    C. lately   D. more

35. A. opinion     B. touch     C. effort   D. effect

III.阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项。

A

Some people are lucky enough to be born with a good sense of direction and even if they have only visited a place once, they will be able to find it again years later.

I am one of those unfortunate people who have poor sense of direction and I may have visited a place time after time but I still get lost on my way there. When I was young I was so shy that I never dared ask complete strangers the way and so I used to wander round in circles and hope that by some chance I would get to the spot I was heading for.

I am no longer too shy to ask people for direction, but I often receive replies that puzzle me. Often people do not like to admit that they didn’t know their hometown and will insist on telling you the way, even if they do not know it; others, who are anxious to prove that they know their hometown very well, will give you a long list of directions which you can not possibly hope to remember, and still others do not seem to be able to tell between their left and their right and you find in the end that you are going in the opposite direction to that in which you should be going.

If anyone ever asks me the way to somewhere, I always tell them I am a stranger to the town in order to avoid giving them wrong direction but even this can have embarrassing results.

Once I was on my way to work when I was stopped by a man who asked me if I would direct him the way to the Sunlight Building. I gave my usual reply, but I had not walked on a few steps when I realized that he had asked for directions to my office building. However, at this point, I decide it was too late to turn back and search for him out of the crowd behind me as I was going to meet with someone at the office and I did not want to keep him waiting.

Imagine my embarrassment when my secretary showed in the very man who had asked for directions to my office and his astonishment when he recognized me as the person he had asked.

36.What is the writer going to do when someone asks him for direction?

A. He will direct the right way to the person willingly.

B. He will reply to it by means of being a stranger to the town.

C. He will give the very person long list of direction.

D. He is going to show the man an opposite direction.

37.Why did the writer consider himself to be an unlucky dog?

A. Because of his poor sense of direction.

B. Because he always forget the way to home.

C. Because he did not have any friend.

D. Because he used to be shy and dared not ask others the way.

38.How did the visitor feel when he was showed into the very room?

A. He felt strange.                         B. He felt embarrassed.

C. He felt very sad.                     D. He felt astonished.

39.Who showed the right way to the interviewee according to the passage?

A. Someone we don’t know.

B. The writer did it for himself.

C. The secretary did so.

D. A warm-hearted old lady did such a thing.

B

Suppose you want to buy some new clothes or a new TV. Or maybe you need some work done on your car. How can you find the best price without shopping all over town? Ads can help you. Ads can show you lots of prices. And you don’t have to go anywhere to see them. Just open a newspaper or magazine, and you’ll find plenty of ads.

The following is an ad about TV sets for sale. Please read it and answer the questions below.

40.How many different kinds of TV sets does the store advertise here?

A. Four.                         B. Three.                            C. Two.                    D. Five.

41.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement?

A. You can buy any kind on July 14th.

B. The service time is 9 to 9 every day except Monday.

C. The larger the screen is, the higher the price will be.

D. The lowest price is a little more than 300.

42.Which is NOT mentioned in the ad?

A. The date of the American National Day.

B. The post code of the area where the store is.

C. The phone number of the store.

D. The names of the TV sets.

C

Celebrations spread across China when Shanghai, the Oriental Pearl, was given the right to host the 2010 World Expo on December 3.

Shanghai won the honor after beating rivals from Russia, Mexico, Poland and South Korea.

“I’m very proud of being Chinese,”said Wang Kaibo, a Senior 2 student of the Middle School Affiliated to Beijing Medical University.“The winning of the expo is a victory, not only for Shanghai residents, but for the people of the whole Chinese nation.”

Bidding for the expo shows that China is more confident of playing a more important role on the international stage. It’s competing for large events and the next one could be the World Cup, Wang said.

The World Expo 2010 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics will become the twin shining stars of China’s development over the next 10 years, said experts.

The World Expo is known as “Olympics of the economic, cultural, scientific and technological fields.”It is usually held every five years and lasts for six months.

The Olympics, World Cup and World Expo are considered three top international events in the world.

China is the first developing country to win the expo bid in the event’s 151-year history.

Not only will it attract more foreign investment to China, but experts say that the half-year-long exhibition will bring at least 70 million visitors to Shanghai.

The World Expo is a great event for different countries to exchange social, economic, cultural and scientific achievements, and also help to encourage new technology and ideas.

The expo was first held in London in 1851.It has a history of global influence.

The Eiffel Tower, built during the Paris World Expo in 1889,became the symbol of the French  capital.

Many historic inventions, such as the telephone and airplane, all made their first appearance at a World Expo.

43.What does the underlined word “rivals” probably mean in the second paragraph?

A. Competitors.                                        B. Enemies.

C. Players.                                                D. Supporters.

44.The winning of bidding for the World Expo 2010 and the 2008 Olympic Games implies______.

A. China is beginning to play a more important part on the international stage

B. China has played the most important role in the international affairs

C. China has become a developed country ever since 53

D. China is the first Asian country to win the expo bid in history

45.As we know, in general, the World Expo is usually held every ______years, while the Olympics is usually held every ______ years.

A.4;5                     B.5;4                           C.4;4                        D.5;5

46.By bidding for the expo and the Olympics, we are sure that______.

A. China will beat rivals from Russia, Mexico, Poland and South Korea

B. China will become a super country in the United Nations

C. China will build a famous tower like Eiffel Tower as the symbol of the capital

D. China will develop more quickly than before and will benefit a lot from them

D

If you go into the forest with your friends, stay with them. If you don’t, you’ll get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends―Let them find you .You can help them find you are staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle(吹口哨)three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal(信号)given three times is a call for help.

      Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.

      If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches(树枝).Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.

      When away, Pick off small branches and drop them as walking in order to go back again easily. When you are lost, the most important thing to do is to stay in one place.

47. If you get lost in the forest, you should______.

       A. try to find your friends                     B. stay in one place and give signs

      C. walk around the forest                      D. shout as loudly as possible

48. Which signal is a call for help?

       A. Shouting here and there.                   B. Crying twice. 

      C. Shouting  or  whistling  three  times  together                            D. Whistling everything in the forest

49. When you hear two shouts or two whistles, you know that___.

      A. someone is afraid of an anima             B. people will come to help

      C. someone needs help                          D. something terrible will happen

50. The main idea of the passage is _____________.

       A. how to travel in the forest                

       B. how to spend the night in the forest

       C. what you should do if you want to get some water 

       D. what you should do if you are lost in the forest

E

A new study shows that fat people in the United States suffer direct economic(经济的) and social effects because of their size. The findings are from an 8-year study of about 100 000 people. The people studied were between the ages of 16 and 24 when the research began.

The researchers who carried out the study say they consider the people fat if they are in the top of 5% of the measurement in which weight is connected with height. For example, fat women in the study were about 160 centimeters tall and weighed about 90 kilograms. Fat men in the study were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms. The researchers say that more than 1 000 000 Americans are that big. The researchers found that fat young women were more likely to lose social and economic power even if they were form wealthy families. The fat women also were 20% less likely to get married and they earned an average of about $6 700 a year less than other women. The study showed less severe effect on fat men. They earned an average of about $3 000 a year less than other men. Fat men also were 11% less likely to get married.

51.From this passage we know fat people in America were______.

A. admired                                          B. respected

C. unhealthy                                                        D. unpopular

52.Which of the following is surely RIGHT?

A. If a woman weighed 90 kilograms, she was considered fat.

B. More than 1 000 000 Americans were about 175 centimeters tall and weighed 100 kilograms.

C. More than 1 000 000 Americans were considered fat by the researchers.

D. In America 20% of women and 11% of men couldn’t get married.

53.Which of the following was NOT mentioned in this passage?

A. The reason why fat people suffered.

B. The cause that caused people to be fat.

C. The standard(标准) of fat people.

D. The number of fat people.

54.The underlined word “severe” means______.

A. economic                                               B. social

C. serious                                                      D. favourable

55.Fat people were inferior to(比……差) other people in______.

A. brains, human rights and payment

B. income, marriage and political rights

C. brains ,education and marriage

D. marriage, getting jobs and income

第Ⅱ卷(共35分)

文本框: 学校___________  班级__________  考号__________  姓名____________文本框: 密  封  线  内  不  准  答  题(共两节,满分35分)

第一节:短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分, 满分10分)

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断。如无错误,在该行右边横线上划一个勾(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:

该行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。

该行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

该行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意:原行没有错的不要改。

After read your advertisement, I want to offer                 56.___________

myself for the position. I’m twenty years old, male,                    57. ___________

1.78 meters tall, strong and health. And I am going to            58. ___________

graduate Nanjing University this year. I have learned             59. ___________

English for ten years. My spoken English is very much            60. ___________

good and I can write good article. I have won several             61. ___________

prizes in English contests. I have made a great deal of             62. ___________

inventions, most of them have been put into practice.                   63. ___________

But I can use the computer skillfully.                          64. ___________

            If I can get the job, I’ll do all I can do it well.                    65.___________

Thank you for your kindness.   

Yours truly,

                                           Li Hua

第二节:书面表达(共25 分)

根据下列图画用英语写一篇短文,图中男子为Mr. Li

参考词汇:

足球迷  a football fan

•         Mrs. Li 让Mr. Li照看厨房的饭;

•         Mr. Li完全沉迷于球赛;

•         Mrs. Li 回来闻到了糊味;

•         看到饭糊了,Mr. Li 这时才意识到自己的任务。

注意:1.短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息,井做适当发挥,使短文内容连贯、完整;

2.词数: 100左右.

 

 

 

                             

                                             

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

郑州四中高二英语期中考试答案

I 单项选择

  1---5 DDBDC 6―10 CCBCB 11---15 BCBCD

II 完型填空

Ⅲ. 16-20 BDBCA; 21-25 BADAC ;26-30 ACBDC;

31-35 DDACB

IV. 阅读理解

36 -40 BADAD 41-45 CBAAB 46---50 DBCBD

51―55 DCBCD 

V.  短文改错

56. read→reading 57. √  58. health→healthy   59. graduate后加from 60. 去掉much   61. article→articles 62. deal→number  63. them→which 64. But→And 65. 第二个do前加to

VI. 书面表达

Mr. Li is a football fan. One day, his wife wanted to go shopping and asked his husband to keep an eye on the meal being cooked in the kitchen. Mr. Li said, “No problem.” After his wife left, he began to watch TV, a football match. It was very exciting. Mr. Li lost himself in the match at once, forgetting the meal completely. When his wife came home, she felt something smelt terrible. She rushed into the kitchen and found the dish had been burnt black. Only at that moment did Mr. Li realize his task.(93 words)

试题详情

2008年武汉市实验学校高一理科实验班12月考试物理试卷

1.如图所示,水平推力使重为的物体静止在竖直墙壁上,若物体与墙间的动摩擦因数为,则物体与墙壁间的摩擦力的大小为

A.                 B.                  C.               D.

2.甲、乙两物体质量之比,速度之比,在相同的阻力作用下逐渐停止,则它们通过的位移

A.1:1            B.1:2            C.2:1            D.4:1

3.利用传感器和计算机可以测量快速变化的力,如图是用这种方法获得弹性绳中拉力随时间变化的关系图线。实验时,把小球举高到绳子的悬点处,然后让其自由下落,根据图线所提供的信息可判定下面说法正确的是

A.时刻小球速度最大

B.时刻绳子最长

C.时刻小球合力最大

D.时刻小球加速度相同

4.如图所示,一质量为的木块与水平面接触,木块上方固定有一根直立的轻弹簧,弹上端系一质量为的小球,小球可在竖直方向上来回运动。在该装置的上方存在着一个无上边界的特殊区域,该区域具有这样的性质:只要小球在该区域里时小球就会受到一个恒定的向上的力的作用。经试验发现:当小球向上运动刚好到达该区域里时弹簧正好为原长,且小球恰好具有最大速度。则当木块对水平面压力恰好为零时,小球的加速度大小是

A.          B.        C.          D.

 

5.在光滑的水平面上有一个物体同时受到两个水平力的作用,在第1s内保持静止状态。若两个力随时间变化的情况如图所示,则下列说法正确的是

A.在第2s内物体做匀加速运动,加速度大小恒定,速度均匀增大

B.在第5s内物体做变加速运动,加速度均匀减小,速度逐渐增大

C.在第3s内物体做变加速运动,加速度均匀减小,速度均匀减小

D.在第6s末,物体的加速度和速度均为零

6.如图所示,A、B两个物体放于光滑水平面上,对A物体施加的拉力,对B物体悬挂重物为的物体,若滑轮摩擦不计,则A、B两个物体的加速度的大小分别为,则下面说法正确的是

A.      B.      C.       D.无法判断

7.如图所示,质量为的物体2放在正沿平直轨道向右行驶的车厢底板上,并用竖直细绳通过光滑定滑轮连接质量为的物体,与物体l相连接的绳与竖直方向成角,则下面说法正确的是

       A.车厢的加速度为  

       B.绳对物体1的拉力为

       C.底板对物体2的支持力为     

       D.物体2所受底板的摩擦力为

 

8.物体A、B、C均静止在同一水平面上,它们的质量分别为mA、mB、mc,得到三个物体的加速度a与其所受拉力F的关系如图所示,图中A、B两直线平行,则下列由图线判断所得的关系式正确的是

   A.µ=µ=µ       

B.mA<mB<mc

C.mA>mB>mC           

D.µAB=µC

9.如图所示,一根轻弹簧的一端系在O点,可自由伸长到B处.今用一小物体m压住弹簧,且将弹簧压缩到A处,然后释放,则小物体能运动到C处静止.物体与水平地面间的动摩擦因数恒定,则下列说法正确的是

A.物体从A到B的速度越来越大,从B到C的速度越来越小

B.物体从A到B的速度越来越小,从B到C加速度不变

C.物体从A到B先加速后减速,从B到C一直做减速运动

D.物体在B点受合力一定为零

10.力单独作用在物体上时产生的加速度为,力单独作用在物体上时产生的加速度为.那么力同时作用在物体上时产生的加速度的范围是

A. 0≤a≤6m/s2                   

B. 4m/s2≤a≤5m/s2

C. 4m/s2≤a≤6m/s2                     

D. 0≤a≤4m/s2

11.如图所示, 将完全相同的两小球用细绳悬于以的速度向右匀速运动的小车顶部,两球分别与小车的前、后壁接触,由于某种原因,小车在的时间内停止,此时悬线的拉力之比为(

A.1:1                 B.1:2            C.1:3            D.1:4

12.如图所示,在光滑的水平面上,质量分别为m1和m2的木块A和B之间用轻弹簧相连,在拉力F作用下,以加速度a做匀加速直线运动.某时刻突然撤去拉力F,此瞬时A和B的加速度分别为a1和a2,则下面结果正确的是

A.a1=a2=0                           

B.a1=a,a2=0

C.a1=,a2=        

D.a1=a,a2=-

 

13.像打点计时器一样,光电计时器也是一种研究物体运动情况的常用计时仪器,其结构如图甲所示,a、b分别是光电门的激光发射和接收装置,当有物体从a、b间通过时,光电计时器就可以显示物体的挡光时间。

图丙

图甲

图乙

  (1)读出滑块的宽度d         cm。

  (2)滑块通过光电门1的速度v1 =      m/s,滑块通过光电门2的速度v2 =       m/s。

  (3)若仅提供一把米尺,已知当地的重力加速度为g,为完成测量,除了研究v1v2和两个光电门之间的距离L外,还需测量的物理量是               (说明各量的物理意义,同时指明代表物理量的字母)。

  (4)用(3)中各量求解动摩擦因数的表达式=                 (用字母表示)。

 

14.如图所示,两个用轻线相连的位于光滑水平面上的物块,质量分别为m1和m2.拉力F1和F2方向相反,与轻线沿同一水平直线,且F1>F2.试求在两个物块运动过程中轻线的拉力T.

 

 

 

 

 

15.如图所示,一质量为M=4kg长为L=3m的木板放在水平地面上.今施一个F=8N的水平力向右拉此木板,木板以v0=2m/s的速度在地上匀速运动.某一时刻把质量为m=1kg的铁块轻轻放在木板的最右端,不计铁块与木板间的摩擦,且把小铁块视为质点,问小铁块经多长时间将离开木板(g取10m/s2)?

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.如图,底座A上装有长O.5m的直立杆,其总质量O.2kg,杆上套有O.O5kg的小环B,与杆有摩擦,当环以4m/s从底座向上运动,刚好能到达杆顶,求

文本框:  (1)B升起过程中,底座对地的压力有多大?

(2)小环B从杆顶落回底座需多长时间?(g=10m/s2)

 

 

 

 

 

17.将小球以初速度竖直上抛,在不计空气阻力的理想状况下,小球将上升到某一最大高度。由于有空气阻力,小球实际上升的最大高度只有该理想高度的80%.设空气阻力大小恒定,求小球落回抛出点时的速度大小.

 

 

 

18.质量为的木块为的速度水平地滑上原来静止的平板小车,小车质量,小车足够长,木块和小车间的动摩擦因数,取,地面与小车间接触是光滑的.求:

(1)木块与小车相对静止时小车和木块的共同速度;

(2)从木块刚滑上小车到它们间刚处于相对静止的过程经历的时间;

(3)从木块刚滑上小车到它们刚处于相对静止时小车对地前进的距离。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008年武汉市实验学校高一理科实验班12月考试物理试卷

参  考  答   案

1.B;  2B;  3BD;  4B;  5B;  6B;  7D;  8D;  9C;   10C;    11. C;   12.D;   

13.(1)5.015 ; (2)1.0 , 2.5;(3)P点到桌面高度h ,重锤在桌面上所指的点与Q点的距离a ,斜面的长度b ;(4)

14.  答案:

解析:设两物块一起运动的加速度为a,则有:    ①

    据牛顿第二定律,对质量为m1的物块有:    ②

    由①②两式得:

15.  答案:

解析

联立以上各式,带入数值解得,(舍去)。

 

16. 答案:(1)1.7N;  (2)0.5s

解析:对小环上升过程受力分析,设加速度为a,由牛顿第二运动定律得:Ff+mg=ma   ①             

由运动情况及运动学公式得:  v2=2as   ②

联解①②得: a=16m/s2,   Ff =0.3 N.

对杆和底座整体受力分析得:FN+ Ff =Mg,    ∴ FN=1.7 N.

根据牛顿第三定律,底座对水平面压力大小也为1.7N.

(2)设小环B从杆顶落下的过程中加速度为a2,对其受力分析可得:mg―Ff = ma2

 

由运动学公式 得 :

17. 答案:

解析,,,

,,

联立以上各式解得.

18.答案:

(1);(2); (3).

解析

     

联立以上各式并代入数值解得:

 

试题详情

物理试卷    命题人:李志彬

  本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分,其中第I1-2页,第Ⅱ卷第3页,满分100分.考试时间:90分钟。

注意事项:

1.I卷答案涂在答题卡上,第II卷答案直接写在相应位置。

2.考试结束,将答题卡和第II卷一并交回。

第I卷(选择题15小题  共60分)

试题详情

郑州四中2008-2009学年上期高二年级期中考试

数学试卷(分校)       命题人:王新领

说明说明:本试卷共150分,考试时间120分钟.考试结束后,只交答题卷。

试题详情

郑州四中2008--2009学年上期高二年级期中考试

生物试卷  命题人:任焰

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(简答题)两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷第4页。考试时间为90分钟,满分100分。

注意事项

1.第Ⅰ卷答案涂在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效;第Ⅱ卷答案直接写在卷子上。

2.考试结束时,只交答题卡和第Ⅱ卷。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)

试题详情

盐城中学09届高三第四次综合考试

化学试题(2008.12)

可能用到的相对原子质量:H―1   C―12    O―16    Na―23    S―32    Cl―35.5

K―39  Bi-209

第Ⅰ卷( 选择题  共48分 )

试题详情

山西省实验中学2008―2009学年度高三年级第三次月考

地 理 试 题

 

       本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。满分100分。

 

第Ⅰ卷 (选择题,共60分)

 

试题详情

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(宁夏卷)

理科综合(物理部分)

 

14.在等边三角形的三个顶点a、b、c处,各有一条长直导线垂直穿过纸面,导线中通有大小相等的恒定电流,方向如图。过c点的导线所受安培力的方向

  A.与ab边平行,竖直向上

  B.与ab边平行,竖直向下

  C.与ab边垂直,指向左边

  D.与ab边垂直,指向右边

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查了左手定则的应用。导线a在c处产生的磁场方向由安培定则可判断,即垂直ac向左,同理导线b在c处产生的磁场方向垂直bc向下,则由平行四边形定则,过c点的合场方向平行于ab,根据左手定则可判断导线c受到的安培力垂直ab边,指向左边。

15.一个T型电路如图所示,电路中的电.另有一测试电源,电动势   为100V,内阻忽略不计。则

  A.当cd端短路时,ab之间的等效电阻是40

B. 当ab端短路时,cd之间的等效电阻是40

  C. 当ab两端接通测试电源时, cd两端的电压为80 V

  D. 当cd两端接通测试电源时, ab两端的电压为80 V

【答案】AC

【解析】本题考查电路的串并联知识。当cd端短路时,R2与R3并联电阻为30Ω后与R1串联,ab间等效电阻为40Ω,A对;若ab端短路时,R1与R2并联电阻为8Ω后与R3串联,cd间等效电阻为128Ω,B错;但ab两端接通测试电源时,电阻R2未接入电路,cd两端的电压即为R3的电压,为Ucd = ×100V=80V,C对;但cd两端接通测试电源时,电阻R1未接入电路,ab两端电压即为R3的电压,为Uab = ×100V=25V,D错。

16.如图所示,同一平面内的三条平行导线串有两个最阻R和r,导体棒PQ与三条导线接触良好;匀强磁场的方向垂直纸面向里。导体棒的电阻可忽略。当导体棒向左滑动时,下列说法正确的是

  A.流过R的电流为由d到c,流过r的电流为由b到a

  B.流过R的电流为由c到d,流过r的电流为由b到a

  C.流过R的电流为由d到c,流过r的电流为由a到b

  D.流过R的电流为由c到d,流过r的电流为由a到b

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查右手定则的应用。根据右手定则,可判断PQ作为电源,Q端电势高,在PQcd回路中,电流为逆时针方向,即流过R的电流为由c到d,在电阻r的回路中,电流为顺时针方向,即流过r的电流为由b到a。当然也可以用楞次定律,通过回路的磁通量的变化判断电流方向。

17.甲乙两年在公路上沿同一方向做直线运动,它们的v-t图像如图所示。两图像在t=t1时相交于P点,P在横轴上的投影为Q,△OPQ的面积为S。在t=0时刻,乙车在甲车前面,相距为d。已知此后两车相遇两次,且第一次相遇的时刻为t′,则下面四组t′和d的组合可能是

  A. t′=t1 ,d=S                   B. t′=

  C. t′              D. t′=

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查追击相遇问题。在t1时刻如果甲车没有追上乙车,以后就不可能追上了,故t′ <t,A错;从图像中甲、乙与坐标轴围成的面积即对应的位移看,甲在t1时间内运动的位移比乙的多S,当t′ =0.5t时,甲的面积比乙的面积多出S,即相距d=S,选项D正确。此类问题要抓住图像的交点的物理意义,过了这个时刻,不能相遇以后不可能相遇,即“过了这个村就没这个店”。

18.一滑块在水平地面上沿直线滑行,t=0时其速度为1 m/s。从此刻开始滑块运动方向上再施加一水平面作用F,力F和滑块的速度v随时间的变化规律分别如图a和图b所示。设在第1秒内、第2秒内、第3秒内力F对滑块做的功分别为则以下关系正确的是

  A.      B.     C.    D.

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查v-t图像、功的概念。力F做功等于每段恒力F与该段滑块运动的位移(v-t图像中图像与坐标轴围成的面积),第1秒内,位移为一个小三角形面积S,第2秒内,位移也为一个小三角形面积S,第3秒内,位移为两个小三角形面积2S,故W1=1×S,W2=1×S,W3=2×S,W1<W2<W3

19.如图a所示,一矩形线圈abcd放置在匀  强磁场  中,并绕过ab、cd中点的轴OO′以角速度逆时针匀速转动。若以线圈平面与磁场夹角时(如图b)为计时起点,并规定当电流自a流向b时电流方向为正。则下列四幅图中正确的是

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查正弦交流电的产生过程、楞次定律等知识和规律。从a图可看出线圈从垂直于中性面开始旋转,由楞次定律可判断,初始时刻电流方向为b到a,故瞬时电流的表达式为i=-imcos(+ωt),则图像为D图像所描述。平时注意线圈绕垂直于磁场的轴旋转时的瞬时电动势表达式的理解。

20.一有固定斜面的小车在水平面上做直线运动,小球通过细绳与车顶相连。小球某时刻正处于图示状态。设斜面对小球的支持力为N,细绳对小球的拉力为T,关于此时刻小球的受力情况,下列说法正确的是

  A.若小车向左运动,N可能为零

  B.若小车向左运动,T可能为零

  C.若小车向右运动,N不可能为零

  D.若小车向右运动,T不可能为零

【答案】AB

【解析】本题考查牛顿运动定律。对小球受力分析,当N为零时,小球的合外力水平向右,加速度向右,故小车可能向右加速运动或向左减速运动,A对C错;当T为零时,小球的合外力水平向左,加速度向左,故小车可能向右减速运动或向左加速运动,B对D错。解题时抓住N、T为零时受力分析的临界条件,小球与车相对静止,说明小球和小车只能有水平的加速度,作为突破口。

 

21.如图所示,C为中间插有电介质的电容器,a和b为其两极板;a板接地;P和Q为两竖直放置的平行金属板,在两板间用绝缘线悬挂一带电小球;P板与b板用导线相连,Q板接地。开始时悬线静止在竖直方向,在b板带电后,悬线偏转了角度a。在以下方法中,能使悬线的偏角a变大的是

  A.缩小a、b间的距离

  B.加大a、b间的距离

  C.取出a、b两极板间的电介质

  D.换一块形状大小相同、介电常数更大的电介质

【答案】BC

【解析】本题考查电容器的两个公式。a板与Q板电势恒定为零,b板和P板电势总相同,故两个电容器的电压相等,且两板电荷量q视为不变。要使悬线的偏角增大,即电压U增大,即减小电容器的电容C。对电容器C,由公式C = = ,可以通过增大板间距d、减小介电常数ε、减小板的针对面积S。

 

(一)必考题

22.(15分)

I.右图为一正在测量中的多用电表表盘.

(1)如果是用×10档测量电阻,则读数为      

(2)如果是用直流10 mA档测量电流,则读数为       mA。

   (3)如果是用直流5 V档测量电压,则读数为          V。

Ⅱ.物理小组在一次探究活动中测量滑块与木板之间的动摩擦因数。实验装置如图,一表面粗糙的木板固定在水平桌面上,一端装有定滑轮;木板上有一滑块,其一端与电磁打点计时器的纸带相连,另一端通过跨过定滑轮的细线与托盘连接。打点计时器使用的交流电源的频率为50 Hz。开始实验时,在托盘中放入适量砝码,滑块开始做匀加速运动,在纸带上打出一系列小点。

 

 

    (1)上图给出的是实验中获取的一条纸带的一部分:0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7是计数点,每相邻两计数点间还有4个打点(图中未标出),计数点间的距离如图所示。根据图中数据计算的加速度a=                   (保留三位有效数字)。

(2)回答下列两个问题:

  ①为测量动摩擦因数,下列物理量中还应测量的有         。(填入所选物理量前的字母)

  A.木板的长度l                     B.木板的质量m1

  C.滑块的质量m2                   D.托盘和砝码的总质量m3

  E.滑块运动的时间t

②测量①中所选定的物理量时需要的实验器材是                            

 (3)滑块与木板间的动摩擦因数                     (用被测物理量的字母表示,重力加速度为g).与真实值相比,测量的动摩擦因数          (填“偏大”或“偏小” )。写出支持你的看法的一个论据:                                                                    

                                     。

【答案】Ⅰ.(1)60

(2)7.18

(3)3.59

Ⅱ.(1)0.495~0.497m/s2

(2)①CD

(3)

【解析】欧姆档在最上面的一排数据读取,读数为6×10Ω=60Ω;电流档测量读取中间的三排数据的最底下一排数据,读数为7.18mA;同样直流电压档测量读取中间的三排数据的中间一排数据较好,读数为35.9×0.1V=3.59V。对纸带的研究直接利用逐差法取平均值计算加速度。

 

23.(15分)

   天文学家将相距较近、仅在彼此的引力作用下运行的两颗恒星称为双星。双星系统在银河系中很普遍。利用双星系统中两颗恒星的运动特征可推算出它们的总质量。已知某双星系统中两颗恒星围绕它们连线上的某一固定点分别做匀速圆周运动,周期均为T,两颗恒星之间的距离为r,试推算这个双星系统的总质量。(引力常量为G)

【答案】r3

【解析】设两颗恒星的质量分别为m1m2,做圆周运动的半径分别为r1r2,角速度分别为w1,w2。根据题意有

                w1=w2                                                                                          

                            r1+r2=r                                                 

根据万有引力定律和牛顿定律,有

                G                                    ③

G                                    ④

联立以上各式解得

                                            ⑤

根据解速度与周期的关系知

                                                           ⑥

联立③⑤⑥式解得

                                                       ⑦

24.(17分)

   如图所示,在xOy平面的第一象限有一匀强电场,电场的方向平行于y轴向下;在x轴和第四象限的射线OC之间有一匀强磁场,磁感应强度的大小为B,方向垂直于纸面向外。有一质量为m,带有电荷量+q的质点由电场左侧平行于x轴射入电场。质点到达x轴上A点时,速度方向与x轴的夹角,A点与原点O的距离为d。接着,质点进入磁场,并垂直于OC飞离磁场。不计重力影响。若OC与x轴的夹角为,求

   (1)粒子在磁场中运动速度的大小:

   (2)匀强电场的场强大小。

【答案】(1)sinφ

(2)sin3φcosφ

【解析】

 (1)质点在磁场中的轨迹为一圆弧。由于质点飞离磁场时,速度垂直于OC,故圆弧的圆心在OC上。依题意,质点轨迹与x轴的交点为A,过A点作与A点的速度方向垂直的直线,与OC交于O'。由几何关系知,AO'垂直于OC',O'是圆弧的圆心。设圆弧的半径为R,则有

                R=dsin                            ①

由洛化兹力公式和牛顿第二定律得

                                     ②

将①式代入②式,得

                                   ③

(2)质点在电场中的运动为类平抛运动。设质点射入电场的速度为v0,在电场中的加速度为a,运动时间为t,则有

                v0vcos                                              ④

                vsin=at                                             

                d=v0t                                                  

联立④⑤⑥得

                                                       ⑦

设电场强度的大小为E,由牛顿第二定律得

                qEma                                                  ⑧

联立③⑦⑧得

                                                   ⑨

这道试题考查了带电粒子在匀强磁场中的匀速圆周运动的半径公式,通常这类试题要求掌握如何定圆心、确定半径,能画出轨迹图。利用圆的几何知识和向心力公式解决相关问题。

 

(二)选考题:任选一题做答。

30. [物理――选修2-2](15分)

(1)(5分)图示为某一皮带传动装置。主动轮的半径为r1,从动轮的半径为r2。已知主动轮做顺时针转动,转速为n,转动过程中皮带不打滑。下列说法正确的是       。(填入选项前的字母,有填错的不得分)

A.     从动轮做顺时针转动              

B.     从动轮做逆时针转动

C.     从动轮的转速为n              

D.     从动轮的转速为n

 (2)(10分)一足够长的斜面,最高点为O点,有一长为l=1.00 m的木条AB,A端在斜面上,B端伸出斜面外。斜面与木条间的磨擦力足够大,以致木条不会在斜面上滑动。在木条A端固定一个质量为M=2.00 kg的重物(可视为质点),B端悬挂一个质量为m=0.50 kg的重物。若要使木条不脱离斜面,在下列两种情况下,OA的长度各需满足什么条件?

(Ⅰ)木条的质量可以忽略不计。

(Ⅱ)木条质量为m′=0.50 kg,分布均匀。

【答案】(1)BC

(2)Ⅰ.OA>0.20m Ⅱ.OA>0.25m

【解析】本题考查力矩平衡条件,确定支点利用力矩平衡条件列方程即可。

(Ⅰ)当木条A端刚刚离开斜面时,受力情况如图a所示。设斜面倾角为,根据力矩平衡条件,若满足条件

                    ①

木条就不会脱离斜面。根据题意

                                    ②

联立①②并代入已知条件得

                     ③

 

(Ⅱ)设G为木条重心,由题意可知

                                          ④

当木条A端刚刚离开斜面时,受力情况如图下所示。

由(Ⅰ)中的分析可知,若满足

             ⑤

木条就不会脱离斜面。联立②④⑤并代入已知条件得

            0.25 m                             ⑥

 

31.[物理─选修3-3](15分)

(1)(6分)如图所示,由导热材料制成的气缸和活塞将一定质量的理想气体封闭在气缸内,活塞与气缸壁之间无摩擦,活塞上方存有少量液体。将一细管插入液体,由于虹吸现象,活塞上方液体逐渐流出。在此过程中,大气压强与外界的温度保持不变。关于这一过程,下列说法正确的是          。(填入选项前的字母,有填错的不得分)

A.气体分子的平均动能逐渐增大

B.单位时间气体分子对活塞撞击的次数增多

C.单位时间气体分子对活塞的冲量保持不变

D.气体对外界做功等于气体从外界吸收的热量

(2)(9分)一定质量的理想气体被活塞封闭在可导热的气缸内,活塞相对于底部的高度为h,可沿气缸无摩擦地滑动。取一小盒沙子缓慢地倒在活塞的上表面上。沙子倒完时,活塞下降了h/4。再取相同质量的一小盒沙子缓慢地倒在活塞的上表面上。外界天气的压强和温度始终保持不变,求此次沙子倒完时活塞距气缸底部的高度。

【答案】(1)D

(2)h

【解析】本题考查玻马定律,对气体作为研究对象,分第一次加小盒沙子和第二次加沙子两次列玻马定律方程求解。

设大气和活塞对气体的总压强为p0,加一小盒沙子对气体产生的压强为p,由玻马定律得

                             ①

由①式得

                                             ②

再加一小盒沙子后,气体的压强变为p0+2p。设第二次加沙子后,活塞的高度为h′

′                                          ③

联立②③式解得

h′=                                                     ④

 

32.[ 物理─选修3-4](15分)

(1)(6分)下列关于简谐振动和简谐机械波的说法正确的是          。(填入选项前的字母,有填错的不得分)

A.弹簧振子的周期与振幅有关

B.横波在介质中的传播速度由介质本身的性质决定

C.在波传播方向上的某个质点的振动速度就是波的传播速度

D.单位时间内经过媒质中一点的完全波的个数就是这列简谐波的频率

 (2)(9分)一半径为R的1/4球体放置在水平面上,球体由折射率为的透明材料制成。现有一束位于过球心O的竖直平面内的光线,平行于桌面射到球体表面上,折射入球体后再从竖直表面射出,如图所示。已知入射光线与桌面的距离为。求出射角。

【答案】(1)BD

(2)60°

【解析】本题考查几何光学知识,通过画光路图,根据折射定律,由几何关系列式求解。

设入射光线与1/4球体的交点为C,连接OC,OC即为入射点的法线。因此,图中的角α为入射角。过C点作球体水平表面的垂线,垂足为B。依题意,∠COB=α。又由△OBC知

sinα=                                                      ①

设光线在C点的折射角为β,由折射定律得

                                                   ②

由①②式得

                                                        ③

由几何关系知,光线在球体的竖直表面上的入射角γ(见图)为30°。由折射定律得

                                                   ⑤

因此

解得

 

33.[ 物理─选修3-5](15分)

(1)(6分)天然放射性元素Pu经过          衰变和          次衰变,最后变成铅的同位素          。(填入铅的三种同位素Pb、Pb、Pb中的一种)

(2)(9分)某同学利用如图所示的装置验证动量守恒定律。图中两摆摆长相同,悬挂于同一高度,AB两摆球均很小,质量之比为1∶2。当两摆均处于自由静止状态时,其侧面刚好接触。向右上方拉动B球使其摆线伸直并与竖直方向成45°角,然后将其由静止释放。结果观察到两摆球粘在一起摆动,且最大摆角成30°。若本实验允许的最大误差为±4%,此实验是否成功地验证了动量守恒定律?

【答案】(1)8;4;

(2)证明见解析

【解析】本题要求验证碰撞中的动量守恒定律及碰撞前与碰撞后的机械能守恒定律。

33.[物理――选修3-5](15分)

(1)8   4  

(2)设摆球A、B的质量分别为,摆长为l,B球的初始高度为h1,碰撞前B球的速度为vB.在不考虑摆线质量的情况下,根据题意及机械能守恒定律得

                                                  ①

                                                    ②

设碰撞前、后两摆球的总动量的大小分别为P1、P2。有

P1=mBvB                                                              ③

联立①②③式得

                                           ④

同理可得

                                     ⑤

联立④⑤式得

                                          ⑥

代入已知条件得

                                                      ⑦

由此可以推出

≤4%                                                        ⑧

所以,此实验在规定的范围内验证了动量守恒定律。

 

试题详情

郑州四中2008-2009学年上期高二期中考试

化学试卷   命题人:杜朋会

 

试卷说明:1、考试时间90分钟,满分100分

2、可能用到的相对原子质量:H―C―12  N-14   O―16   Na―23    Al―27   S―32   Cl-35.5  K―39  Ca-40  Fe―56  Cu-64      

试题详情

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