2009年高考散文阅读考题设置方式及答题技巧⑴
――分析作品结构，概括作品主题
《语文考试大纲》明确要求：“了解散文的基本特征及主要表现手法。文学作品阅读鉴赏，注重审美体验。感受形象，品味语言，领悟内涵，分析艺术表现力；理解作品反映的社会生活和情感世界，探索作品蕴含的民族心理和人文精神。”
⑴分析作品结构，概括作品主题
所谓“作品结构”指文章内部的组织和结构、线索、脉络、层次与段落过渡照应、开头与结尾。文章的结构往往体现了作者的思想，这里的思路是指作者写作时思维发展的线索，先写什么，再写什么，最后写什么，都有一定的逻辑关系。一篇文章的结构是写作思路的体现。而考题也是以要求考生分析思路为考查形式的。
所谓“作品的主题”是作品中所表现的中心思想，即作者要告诉人们的最主要的意思，包含了作者的思想观点和写作意图。对主题的概括必须立足于对整篇文章的理解与把握。
考查的主要形式:
1、文章是如何逐层展开的
2、文段层次安排的作用是什么
3、文段层次的划分
4、文章的主旨是什么
5、文段的主要内容有哪些
【方法小结】
如何分析文章的结构
1、整体感知是把握结构的第一步。接到一篇就要按部就班地去读。边读边给每个自然小节标上序号，已备下面做题之用。
2、圈点勾画中心句、过渡句。在阅读过程中要特别关注文章的开头、结尾，每一段的起始句、收束句，这些地方往往被作者安排上中心句，以起到总领或收束内容的作用。
3、总结每自然段的段意。在找出中心句后，分析综合一个自然段表达的意思，给每一个段来一个总结或文章结构层次关系的标志性词语。
譬如“首先”“其次”“第一”“第二”之类的表示顺序的词语。还有“一方面”“另一方面”之类的范围词。同时还要注意分号、冒号、句号等标点符号的作用。
4、在找出标志性的词语、句子后，结合每个段落的段意，把相同相近意思的段落合并，即所谓合并同类项。
5、要高度重视段与段之间的衔接，尤其要重视段落的起始句与上文的联系。对于重叠词语、重复词亦应重视。
例1（2006年高考天津卷）的第16题
阅读下文，完成第15－19题。
说村落 阎连科
村落在今天似乎已经成为一个符号。人们把村落、村庄、乡村等而视之，笼统解释为农民们聚居的地方。但若仔细辩认，村落、村庄、乡村似乎应该有些什么差别，比如说乡村必然是在偏僻的乡下，而村庄就有可能独立出现在繁闹城市。许多大都市里至今还有村庄的存在，但那村庄里的主人却已不是农民了。然而，这些好像都不重要，人们都不会去刨根问底，重要的是农民聚居的地方和那个地方的人。
你走在山脉上，阳光斜斜地照着，山梁上除了嘎嘎不止的乌鸦就是徐徐晃动的树，这时候口也渴了，而回答你的是荒凉无垠的黄褐褐干裂的田地。恰就在这时你听到了井上辘轳的叽咕声，水淋淋的，明亮而又清丽，心中一震，转身看到一凹山腰上有几间、几十间草房，掩映在树木间，仿佛卧在树荫下疲累的牛――这个时候，你心里叫出了村落二字，开始对村落有了一些真正的了解。
再或，你走在南方稻田的埂上，沉浸在一种诗意里，唐人的诗句、宋人的词句如春风一样掠过你的心头。放眼良田万亩，正为“东风染尽三千顷，白鹭飞来无处停”的夸张感到贴切时，一阵乌云先自来了。于是，你惊了手脚，在田埂上跑得东倒西歪。也就这个当儿，从哪儿划出一条小船，先递你一张荷叶顶在头上，赶着雨水到来之前，把你载到了一丛草房的檐下。这个时刻，你心里哐咚一声，忽然更加明了村落的含义。
实际说，村落的真正意义，并不仅仅就是农民居住的地方这一点。村落应该还有一种精神，一种温馨，一种微微的甘甜。村落是和城市相对应的存在，对于农民，它给予他们居住、生活的必需，而对于都市，它给予温暖和诗意。它既是一种物质存在，又是一种精神存在。我们可以从村落中找到农民、房舍、树木、耕牛和鸡羊，同时也应该找到农民自身生存的艰辛和对外人所付出的温馨。古文人怕是最能体味村落的含义的，无论是李、杜、白还是“八大家”，他们对村落的理解，都浓含了“愁滋味”。可轮到我们，却偏颇得很，不仅没有了对农民的“愁味儿”，连诗境也剩下不多了。单单地写出愁苦来，那不是村落，而是村落中的人，单单地写出温馨来，那也不是村落，那是村落表面的诗境。到了今天，村落剩下的就是一个符号，就是聚居农民的某个地方。所看到和理解的是新楼瓦舍，而农民那千古以来一成不变的生存形式和给别人的温馨、对自己的麻木和忍耐，却被人们从村落中删去了。
连我自己，做小说的时候，对于乡村的描绘，也是不断重复着抄袭别人的说法：“站在山梁上望去，村落、沟壑、林地、河流清晰得如在眼前”，或说“模糊得如它们都沉在雾中”。而实际上，村落真正是个什么，沟壑的意义又是什么，河流在今天到底是什么样儿，我这个自认为是地道的农民的所谓作家，是果真地模糊得如它们都沉在雾中了。
我不敢说别人什么，而我自己，或多或少，总是感到一种内疚的。我们对村落意义的删节，并不单单是因为社会发展所致，更重要的，是我们对农民的背叛。只有在大都市住腻的当儿，我们才会想到村落，而想到的那个村落，除了田园的诗情，对农民的愁情是决然不会有的。这是当今社会中村落的悲哀，而对于村落以外的人，是什么也谈不上的，或幸或悲。
15、如何理解“村落在今天似乎已经成为一个符号”的含意？（2分）
【答案】村落的真正意义在今天被许多人淡忘了，似乎仅仅只是农民居住的地方。
16、文章以“说村落”为标题，就文章构思而言，作者对“村落”是如何“说”开去的？（4分）
【答案】1）由村落的符号化和含义的模糊引出话题。
（2）再以事例形象地说明村落的含义。
（3）由村落的居住说到村落的精神。
（4）联系自己和当下社会，反思村落精神的被遗忘。
或：引题――事例――拓展――反思
【解析】本文的标题“村落”是全文叙述的核心，而且“村落”精神又是全文的线索。第一段引出关于村落的话题，主要通过村落的符号及其含义的模糊引出的，第二三段写村和水村，第四段是拓展，第五六段是反思。
17、根据全文，概括说明作者眼中“村落”的完整含义。（4分）
【答案】（1）农民的居住地。（2）诗意与温馨。（3）愁苦与艰苦。 （4）对自己的麻木与忍耐。
18、作者说“我这个自认为是地道的农民的所谓作家”，对“村落”也“模糊得如它们都沉在雾中了”，联系上下文说明这样写采用了什么表现手法？有什么好处？（6分）
答案：（1）表现手法：①对比。②反讽。 （2）好处：深化主题。
19、文章中说：“这是当今社会中村落的悲哀，而对于村落以外的人，是什么也谈不上的，或幸或悲。”这蕴含着作者什么样的情感态度？你怎样看待村落的命运？（6分）
【答案】（1）作者的情感态度： ①对当今村落的处境表示同情与遗憾；对“村落以外的人”的态度感到迷惑与无奈。 ②唤起人们对村落命运的关注和思考。 （2）略
2009年高考散文阅读考题设置方式及答题技巧2
――有关布局谋篇的题型
提问方式：某句（段）话在文中有什么作用？
答题模式：
a. 文首：开篇点题；照应题目；总领全文；渲染气氛，埋下伏笔；设置悬念，为下文作辅垫。
b. 文中：承上启下；总领下文；总结上文；呼应前文。
c. 文末：点明中心；升华感情，深化主题；照应开头，结构严谨；画龙点睛；言有尽而意无穷
示例：我怕我父亲，他打我是真打。看着他瞪圆了眼，一步一步逼近，还不敢躲，绷紧了肌肉等着，于是一巴掌扇过来，于是脑袋嗡的一声……（节选自韩羽《父子之间的怯意》）
问：请简析第一自然段（即上文）在作品中的作用。
答：（1）为下文写父亲对“我”的爱作反衬；（2）为文末写父亲对“我”的怯意作铺垫；（3）照应了“父子之间的怯意”这个题目。
结构类题型
提问方式：某两个或三个词的顺序能否调换？为什么？
答题模式：不能。因为（1）与人们认识事物的规律（由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质）不一致（2）该词与上文是一一对应的关系（3）这些词是递进关系，环环相扣，表达了……
考查方式：针对文章中段落的作用命题。
技巧点拨：(1)确认指定段落在行文中的位置。(2)明确段落的作用，明确答题的方向(一般从内容和结构两个角度人手)。比如开头段统摄全篇。领起下文，渲染气氛，奠定基调；过渡段承上启下；结尾段呼应前文，深化主旨，卒章显志。(3)结合段落位置及在文章中所起作用作答。
解题示例：(1)[2006年上海卷第12题]首尾两段在文中的作用和写作特点是什么?请加以评析。
附原文首尾两段：
世纪之星陨落了，陨落在世纪终结的前夜。她的使命已经完成，她整整燃烧了一百年!她以不竭的热情在自己拥有的一角天空，默默地放射自己的光和热，温暖着、滋润着人们的心灵，教他们如何爱、如何为弱小者和善良者献出心力，既不高调，亦不卑微，一百年不间断，以一以贯之的从容和平淡，燃烧自己，烛照世间。这样的人，在这一百年中。即使不是仅见，恐怕也是极为罕见的。
斗转星移，岁月不居，冰心走完她的百年人生长途，离我们远去了。但她在我们的心目中始终是一颗不倦地燃烧着的星。这颗星已燃烧了一百年!她留给我们的精神财富，值得整个民族永远珍惜。
[答]首尾呼应，末段是首段的延伸和升华；感情真挚，集中抒发了作者对冰心的崇敬之情；以诗意的语言高度概括了冰心对后代的影响和作用。
(2)[2006年北京卷第20题]本文生动地刻画了一个“书虫”形象。你认为第一段和第二段对“书虫”的描写各有什么侧重?这两段的内容有什么关系?
附原文开头两段：
“书虫”是我母亲送给我先生的雅号，他敬受不辞。说他是“书虫”，自然与书有缘。先生在高校从事教学与研究逾卅五载，家中藏书少说也有两万册。当我们还住在旧居时，已是书满为患，但先生视为珍宝，待若上宾，并且任其喧宾夺主，几乎占领了家庭所有领土，连电视对面的沙发上也常常堆满了书，于是吾家有电而无视久矣。好不容易盼到迁移新居，“分居”的书籍终于统一归置到顶天立地的大书架里了，我还特意给先生买了一张非常宽大的写字台，好让他有个宽松、舒适的读书写作之地。然而好景不长。不知觉之间。写字台四周又摞满了书，形成高高矮矮的“书笋”，光洁的台面不久也被各种书稿覆盖，连喝水杯也没有容身之地。对此“惨”状。我实在目不忍睹。一日趁他外出。我花了两个小时整理写字台，自以为替他办成了一件好事。殊不知。我的整理反而打乱了他的秩序――他按照自己的习惯去找东西，可东西已经被我变乱了“东西”，他找不到，便自嘲道：“看来我这是‘意识先于存在’。”见此问题已上升到哲学的高度，我从此不敢再替他整理写字台了。
先生的藏书不仅耗尽了他大半生的积蓄，也耗去了他大半生的时间。从日出到日落，从周一到周七，从春夏到秋冬，只要他在家，除了吃饭、睡觉，便可以不挪窝儿地读他那些永远读不完也永远读不厌的书。母亲关于“书虫”的灵感大抵由此而来。即使是旅途中，他与书的关系也难以“离间”。记得有一次他与几位同道乘火车去外地开会，我特意买了一副扑克给他带上，供他们一路消遣。出差回来他连声向我道谢。原来他一上车，便把扑克送给别人玩，自己却借此抽身去读书了。我曾经问他：如今商海大潮汹涌澎湃，读书人是否知道钱多的好处、生活享受的乐处?他抬头望了望我，不无歉意地说：“知道，怎么不知道。可我们这一代起码被耽误了十年读书和研究的时间，只有全力拼命赶才行啊。”说完，仍埋头读书。从此，我也不好再用这样的问题为难他了。有时，看到一些商界朋友“妇唱夫随”，双双出入于各种消费与娱乐场所，我也不免有点失落。但有一点，我心里是笃定的：我的这位仁兄决不会有外遇，只要他有书。为了节省一切时间来读书、研究。他甚至不愿装修新居，说是装修好了，就得打扫、维护，时间花得太不值，末了还引经据典道：“这就叫做‘不为物役’。”我只好无可奈何地回他一句：“但为书痴。”
(肖融《给“书虫”当夫人》)
[答]第一问：第一段着重写“书虫”如何爱书，第二段主要写“书虫”怎样爱读书。第二问：从“书虫”爱书，进一步写到他爱读书(研究、写书)，两段描写逐步深化，丰富了“书虫”的形象。
示例：“记住：想占便宜的人，往往占不到便宜！”父亲指着碗里的荷包蛋告诫儿子……“记住，想占便宜的人，可能要吃亏！”父亲指着蛋教训儿子说……“不想占便宜的人，生活也不会让他吃亏！”父亲意味深长的对儿子说。（节选自《荷包蛋》）
问：文中的“告诫”“教训”“意味深长”三个词的顺序能否调换？为什么？
答：不能。因为文中这三个词语是递进关系，表达了父亲对儿子的关爱之情。
2009年高考散文阅读考题设置方式及答题技巧3
――如何概括文章的主题
1、高度关注标题、开头、结尾
标题是文章的窗口，是文章的眼睛，透过这个窗口，我们就能比较简便地“窥探”散文的“心灵”――中心。例如:2005年重庆卷《阳台上的遗憾》，中心就是“遗憾”;2006年广东卷《夕阳透人书房》、2006年全国1《阳光的香味》看标题就能让人窥见其中的滋味。
开头的几种模式：
（1）欲扬先抑；
（2）先言他事他物，从一种现象起笔引入；
（3）对比、映衬；
这几种开头都是巧妙地引起下文，为下文作铺垫；有时还具有增添情趣、引起读者兴趣的作用。问题常设置为“文章开头这样写（安排）有什么作用？”答时基本可分三步进行：首先答出这是一种什么手法，然后答这种表现手法的一般作用，最后结合文章的具体内容写出具体的作用。
再如散文的结尾：
有的照应文题，有的呼应开头，有的点明主旨而深化中心，是谓 “卒章显志”。很多散文都是在层层铺垫递进后揭示主旨的。
还有的文章结尾处故意宕开一笔，间接、含蓄的抒情。或戛然而止，言有尽而意无穷。
此外，散文取材“小中见大”的特点，过渡句、段的作用等等都应有所了解，特别要注意文章关节处所具有的引发议论、揭示主旨的作用。
高考散文阅读在命题方面并非漫天要价、不着边际，而是有一套命题思路的。由于实际命题的需要，试题所选材料多是内蕴厚、表现手法和语言富有特色的写人记事、写景状物或议论性的散文，而较少小说、戏剧等。虽说本应考查综合性很强的鉴赏评价能力，但由于高考控制评分误差的需要，很难真正命制出那种仁者见仁、智者见智的自由发挥式的鉴赏评价题。因此命题基本上未超出理解分析的范畴，定位仍然在一个“懂”字上，考的是带一点鉴赏味道的理解。
在中国传统文章学中有一个重要的方法――开门见山:就是文章开头不兜圈子，直奔主题。开门见山的表达角度很多，可以直叙其事，也可以起笔点题;可以开宗明义地揭示文章主旨，也可以单刀直人地点明要害等等。
所谓卒章显志就是在文章的结束段表明文章的主题。范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》就是运用这种手法的典范。《岳阳楼记》开头先说写文章的缘由，再概括地描写巴陵胜景，然后再详细描写两景两情，最后以议论带抒情的方法收笔，突出了“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的主题。文章题目虽是“岳阳楼记”，但不仅是记叙、说明，而又状景、抒情。
在抒情的基础上，笔锋一转，写出对“古仁人之心”的求索，以“卒章显志”作结，一下子把文章提到一个很高的境界。
当代散文名家杨朔的《荔枝蜜》也巧妙地运用了这一技法。文章开头，写自己曾被蜜蜂整了一下，因而看到蜜蜂心里就不舒服。继而，作者描写了荔枝蜜的甜香，不觉动了情，由蜜想到酿蜜的蜜蜂，便到蜂场去参观。作者了解了蜜蜂的生活习性?感慨地说:“蜜蜂是在酿蜜，又是在酿造生活;不是为自己，而是在为人类酿造最甜的生活。蜜蜂是渺小的;蜜蜂却又多么高尚啊!”看到这里，你会觉得作者是在歌颂蜜蜂，表现蜜蜂高尚品质，然而作品结尾却来了个大转弯，从歌颂蜜蜂转到歌颂勤劳勇敢、的农民:“他们正用劳手建设自己的生活，实际也是在酿蜜――为自己、为别人、也为后世子孙酿造着生活的蜜” ，“为后世子孙酿造生活的蜜”跟《岳阳楼记》结尾写的“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”一样，正是作者要表达的主题。文章结束了，作者所要表达的主题也点出来了。原来前边大篇幅地歌颂蜜蜂，正是为后边歌颂劳动人民作铺垫，这样的结尾显得自然、有力，也统贯了全篇要义，此即卒章显志之法的妙用。
2、紧抓主旨句、文眼句不放松
主旨句主要是指那些思想深刻、含义丰富能体现文章主旨的语句。一般地说，文体不同，中心句往往不同，应分别对待。议论文中，中心句常常是表现作者观点的句子，它常处在文章的开头或结尾，有时也处在文中。如《改造我们的学习》，文章开门见山地提出中心论点:“我主张将我们全党的学习态度和学习方法改造一下。”抓住这个基本观点，就能总揽全文，纲举目张。记叙描写类的文章，中心句一般是对记叙内容发表的议论或抒情部分，领会这些句子，就能把握住文章的精髓。
3、逐层归纳段意，总结文章主题
在阅读文章过程中，给每一段标上序号，边读边概括每一段写了些什么，即所谓这一个段落的段意。然后运用合并的方法直至总结出文章的主题。
4、关注散文的写作背景
任何作品都是社会的反映，绝不是空中楼阁。它来源于生活又高于生活，有许多作品只有在了解了它产生的背景后才能深切地理解内容与感情，把握作者的写作意图，准确地概括作品的主题。
2009年高考散文阅读考题设置方式及答题技巧4
――有关归纳内容要点的题型
提问方式：请概括某一段（或全文）的内容要点
答题模式：分三步走，第一步划分本段的层次，第二步提取要点词语，第三步整合答案。
示例：母亲爱花，我也跟着爱起花来。家住在石门乡间，前后有两个小小的院子，于是，也种了不少杂七杂八的植物，按着季节，也会开出不少好看的花。有时候在廊前一坐，桂花送来淡淡的清香，觉得自己好像也安静古雅了起来。夏天的傍晚，茉莉会不停地开，摘下两三朵放在手心里，所有青春的记忆都会随着它的香气出现在我眼前。我想，我爱的也许并不是花，而是所有逝去的时光，在每一朵花后面，都有着我珍惜的记忆。（节选自席慕容《花的世界》）
问：本段写我爱花的原因，可以归纳为三点，请概括写出。
分析：四句话中很显然前两句各是一层，后两句是一层。再提取每层的要点词“母亲的爱花”“安静古雅”“珍惜的记忆”，最后整合答案。
答：（1）受母亲的爱花的影响 （2）花让自己变得安静古雅 （3）花里有自己珍惜的记忆
【当堂反馈】
三台中学2010级小班第三次考试
理科综合能力测试
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1―4页，第Ⅱ卷5―8页。全卷300分，考试时间150分钟。考试结束后，将第Ⅱ卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷
（选择题 共21题 每题6分 共126分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，不能答在试题卷上。
高考语文选择题解题方法和答题技巧
高考语文做题总原则：一分钟拿一分，150分。选择题稍快点，提前5分钟左右。
语文考试，实际上就是调动已有的积累来回答命题者问题的过程。在此过程中，我们不仅要善于回忆，更需要懂得在理解题意的基础上组织答案。在组织答案的过程中，必须注意句子的简明连贯得体、注意保留命题者的原意、注意满足题旨、注意少用绝对化的句子。
首先，做一次深呼吸，然后告诫自己：“欲速则不达”；尽可能在试卷上将自己思考的痕迹写下；相信自己的第一印象；绝对不轻易留下空白；切记“整洁、美观、有效”的原则；然后拿起笔，进入到第一卷客观题的选择阶段：
选择题共42分
1. 字音辨析题：
答题技巧：
常见多音字标“次读音”正确的可能性大，标"常读音"正确的可能性小。形声字标“不同声旁读音”的正确可能性大，标"同声旁读音"的正确可能性小。常见字标音正确的可能性小。生僻字一般不会标错音。一般考辨析，不考拼写，不考查汉语拼音方案。
如果题干是全部不相同的，就把有两项相同的去掉；如果题干是与所给字的读音全部相同的，则去掉一个不同的一项；如果题干是读音全都正确，就去掉有一个错误的一项；如果题干是读音有错误的一组，就排除肯定无误的一项。
总之，用排除法是较好的方法。
2. 字形辨析题
答题技巧：
由于计算机处理的局限，高考只考别字的辨析。逐个审读容易出错的字，从中可以辨析出一些“形近而音”不同的别字。如果怀疑某个是别字，可以写出几个同音字来比较,可以写出几个形似字来比较。通过分析形声字的形旁来推导这个字的含意，再放到这个词语中去判定是否相符。对于独体字或形声字中的形旁已失去表意功能的形声字可以通过分析词语的语法结构来确定它是不是别字，还可以通过对整个词语的理解,来寻找不合语境的别字。还有一部分就只能依靠我们平时的积累了。
如果题干是有错别字的一项，就排除肯定无错别字的；如果是全对的一项，就排除肯定有错别字的；如果题干是有两个错别字的一项，就先排除有三个错别字的一项。
总之：多使用结构分析法：字形结构及词语结构分析法。看词语不宜太长久，时间长了对的都象错的，如无把握，可放放再说，但必须用?或其他记号来提示自己。
3.词语运用题
主要是近义实、虚词的分辨。通常是用几组近义词进行辨别，要做好它，平时就要有语言准备，但是在考场上如果确实拿不准，就要凭语言感觉去选择自己认为的最佳答案，一般有两种类型：
实词辨析题
答题技巧：
对词义的理解，有相同语素又有不相同语素的词语，重点是分析理解不相同语素，可以通过组词来理解，也可以找出反义词来理解，还可以分析形声字的形旁来理解。语素都不相同的词语，重点从用法方面考虑。对词语的运用，一定要在上下文中找到相应的信息，重点是使用场合上的搭配。注意采用排除的方法，将最容易辨析的词语先排除，逐渐减少选项。
虚词辨析题
虚词它在语句中起着调节各种语言关系的作用，在口语尤其在书面语中使用频繁。在高考中作虚词题目，主要是凭语感，可以造一些结构相似的句子来分析它的正误，其次是理性分析。分析应考虑这样几点：
一是虚词词典含义的分析，先分开解释，后组合理解；
二是找出配套的关联词语，前后联系来确定虚词的含义；
三是在单句中的虚词，要分析前后词语的联系和所作的句子成分；
四是在复句中的虚词，要注意前后虚词的关联，如果配套的关联词语在句中只出现一个，应该将它补全分析；
五是要将关联词语与句子内容结合起来分析，在关系上保持一致。
总之：注意采用排除法，将最容易辨析的词语先排除，逐渐减少选项，同时也要做记号。
4. 熟语（含成语）辨析题
答题技巧：
第一，逐字解释熟语，运用成语结构特点把握成语大意，但要注意不能望文生义；
第二，体会熟语的感情色彩；
第三，要注意熟语使用范围，搭配的对象；
第四，尽可能找出句中相关联的信息。
第五，四个选项权衡比较，选出认为最符合要求的。
一般是选择正确的一项，但也得注意是不是选择不正确的一项。
总之：要正确理解熟语的整体意义，要注意语境的组合与搭配情况，越是想要你字面理解的熟语越要注意陷阱。特别陌生的熟语往往是对的。同时必须用？或其他记号来提示自己。
5. 病句辨析题
病句类型：语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱、表意不明、不合逻辑。
答题技巧：
认真细致审读每个选项，重点注意分析并列短语作句子成分与其他成分的搭配，可以将并列短语拆开逐一与其他成分搭配，验证其当否。对于句式杂糅的句子，先凭语感判定其不协调，再分别造成句子，再放回原文中，验证其当否。对于语序不当的句子，先也要凭语感检测，再将不协调的词语或句子调换位置，看是否通畅自然。有多重否定或还有反问的句子，要将否定换成肯定来理解。对因不明词义而造成前后矛盾的语句，应尽力推敲出这个关键词语的含义，推敲方法是拆字组词。对逻辑概念方面的不协调，可以凭事理推断。
注意题干的要求，究竟选择的是有语病的还是无语病的一项。
总之：判断病句用排除法居多。
做题思路通常是：检查句子的主干，是否缺成分→ → 推敲词语运用，是否搭配 →→ 心里默读，看是否有不同的句式混用 →→ 综合思考，是否符合逻辑思维，特别注意以下几种情况：
①介词“关于”“对于”“对”等开头的句子，注意主语的残缺。
②类似于“A”是“B”的句子，注意“A”“B”的协调，也可能是句式杂糅。
③动词后有很长的修饰词语，注意是否宾语残缺。
④用“和”“或”以及顿号连接的并列成分，注意歧义及内在逻辑顺序是否失当以及意义的从属关系。
⑤前半句使用了“能否”“可否”等双面词语，注意后半句是否与前半句协调。
⑥反问句及疑问句注意是否表意相反。
6. 今年可能是标点符号题
答题技巧：
注意试卷中常考标点（顿号、引号、破折号、括号、分号、问号）的使用，重点审查这类标点的使用正确性，逐一辨析排除，新考点，估计还是沿用见过的考查方式。
如果是继续考查“语言连贯题”
答题技巧：
先从语句形式方面考虑，要求话题一致，陈述对象一致，叙述角度一致，情调保持一致，上下文句式保持基本一致，与上下文思路保持连贯。还要注意语言音节上的和谐及押韵。再从语句内容方面考虑，在时间上、事理上注意先后顺序。还要在上下语句中找到相对应的信息。语言风格要前后一致。
一般是每句有两种选择，所以每题做对的概率至少50％。
总之：必须用?或其他记号来提示自己。语段衔接，前瞻后顾，注意上下文主语的承接及逻辑的内在联系。找突破口，用排除法。做题思路是：考查陈述对象（主语）是否一致→→ 话题是否一致 →→ 前后句式是否一致→→ 情境是否吻合→→ 音节是否和谐等。
初三英语中考专题复习
第五节 形容词
( ) 1. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got ________ time before the train leaves.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
( ) 2. The ______ you eat, the better your health will be.
A. little B. few C. less D. fewer
( ) 3. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks _______.
A. more brighter B. more bright C. less bright D. much brighter
( ) 4. Which is the _______, the train station, the bus station or the airport?
A. far B. farthest C. father D. more far
( ) 5. Now the air in our home town is ________ than it was before. Something must be done.
A. much better B. more worse C. more better D. much worse
( ) 6. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed _______ than usual.
A. early B. earlier C. late D. later
( ) 7. Either of them can take this job, but what I’m interested in is who is _______.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. careful D. even careful
( ) 8. In our city, it’s _______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter
( ) 9. I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be ______ new star in NBA.
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest
( ) 10. Of the two Australian students, Masha is _______ one. I think you can find her easily.
A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest
( ) 11. It’s good for your health to do _______ sports.
A. much B. least C. more D. most
( ) 12. ?Our holiday was _______. ?Yes. I’ve never had _______.
A. such; a better one B. greatly; a good one
C. so great; a better one D. very good; the best one
( ) 13. ?Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
--Certainly, we can buy _______ one than this, but ________ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; not as good as
( ) 14. ?Why don’t you ask Tom to do it?
--I don’t know whether he is ______ to. He sometimes makes things worse.
A. possible B. able C. afraid D. easy
( ) 15. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is ______ city.
A. so a beautiful B. very a beautiful C. such beautiful a D. quite a beautiful
( ) 16. If you like the chicken, you may have as _______ as you can.
A. much B. many C. more D. little
( ) 17. The Changjiang River is one of _______ rivers in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
( ) 18. ______ children there are in a family, _______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer
( ) 19. The boy is _______ young to carry the box. Let’s go and help him.
A. too B. so C. very D. quite
( ) 20. The coat I bought last week is too big for me. I’d like to change it for a _____ one.
A. small B. large C. nicer D. smaller
( ) 21. 30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it’s ______ than we need.
A. far more B. very much C. far less D. very little
( ) 22. China has _______ population in the world.
A. bigger B. larger C. the biggest D. the largest
( ) 23. Lucy’s handwriting is good, but Rose’s handwriting is much ______.
A. good B. best C. better D. the best
( ) 24. The day is bright and ______. Let’s go for a walk.
A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy
( ) 25. As a result, _______ people like to travel by air than before.
A. much more B. many more C. more much D. more many
( ) 26. Why not make a kite yourself? You don’t need _______ for it.
A. anything special B. something special C. special anything D. special something
( ) 27. This computer is as good as a new one but _______ expensive.
A. much less B. more less C. more much D. much more
( ) 28. The young scientist decided to work _______ in the _______ forest.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
( ) 29. _______ you eat butter, cream and chocolate, _______ you will become.
A. The more; the thinner B. The less; the fatter
C. More; fatter D. The more; the fatter
( ) 30. The old man next door was found _______ in the living room. Maybe he died from a heart attack.
A. dead B. die C. dying D. death
( ) 31. I paid a visit to Mrs Smith yesterday evening. She didn’t look _______, but she said she was getting on all right.
A. as worried as ever B. as happy as usual
C. happier than D. as happily as usual
( ) 32. The ______ boy had been sent to hospital before his mother got back home.
A. ill B. dangerous C. sick D. sleeping
( ) 33. She is ______ she can not reach the top of the blackboard.
A. such a tall person that B. much shorter than
C. as short that D. so short that
( ) 34. Try to make as _______ mistakes as possible.
A. less B. little C. few D. a few
湖南省长沙市第一中学高三第一次模拟考试
英语试卷
第一部分 听力（共三节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman need?
A. A passport. B. A picture. C. A photographer.
2. Why is the woman upset?
A. The light hurts her eyes. B. She dislikes being too close C. She can’t hear.
3. Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A. In the hospital. B. In a supermarket. C. In a library.
4. How much does a five-minute call cost?
A. $ 9. B. $ 12. C. $ 15.
5. Why was the woman surprised ?
A. He is all wet B. He is upset. C. He lost his raincoat.
第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6和第8三个小题。
6. What’s the man going to do?
A. Take a flight to
7. Why did the man want to make a good impression?
A. To repay Mr. Tanaka’s kindness.
B. To get invited back.
C. To increase the hotel’s business.
8. Where was the man last year?
A. In
听第7段材料，回答第9至第11叁个小题。
9. Why was the man in hospital?
A. He was crazy. B. They thought he was dead. C. He was badly hurt.
10. What caused the accident?
A. Two parachutes failed to open.
B. A stone fell down from the sky.
C. Something was wrong with the plane.
11. What happened to the man soon after he left the hospital?
A. He died. B. He jumped from a plane again. C. He went crazy.
听第8段材料，回答第12至第14叁个小题。
12. Why did the girl miss the game?
A. Her mother didn’t allow her to go.
B. She didn’t really want to go.
C. She overslept that day.
13. What was the weather like that day?
A. It rained hard. B. It blew hard. C. It snowed hard.
14. How did the boy like the game?
A. It was worth watching. B. It was too long. C. It was boring.
听第9段材料，回答第15至第17叁个小题。
15.
What happened at the
A. Some jewels were stolen. B. A fire broke out. C. An expensive diamond was stolen.
16. How did the robber get in?
A. They had a key. B. They broke in. C. They hid before it was closed.
17. How did the speaker know so much about the robbery?
A. He read it in the newspaper. B. He was one of the robbers.
C. He heard about it from others.
第三节（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
听下面一段材料，将第18至第20三个小题的信息补充完整，每小题不超过三个单词。听材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出15秒钟的作答时间。本段材料读两遍。
Ways on How to 18.
◆ Prepare yourself
◇ try to find out 19. information
◇ arrive in plenty of time to get relaxed before the interview begins.
◆ Plan your words
◇ have your answers ready about your education and experience
◇ have your answers ready about yourself, your work…
◆ Above all
◇ 20._________________ yourself
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 单项填空 (共15小题, 满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. Piano (piano) is a kind of musical instrument popular with people of all ages. Many people wait in line for a ticket when word comes that there is going to be a piano concert.
A. The; the B. A; a C. The; / D. /; /
22. Is Qinghai Tibet railway plays an important
role in
A. what B. it C. that D. this
23. Write a letter to the manager, explain who you are, say what you like about the hotel, and suggest some ways that their services improved.
A. can be B. be C. are D. will be
24. school and university, many students choose to spend their several months on crash course in English after graduation from middle school.
A. During B. In between C. Through D. Over
25. “_____ the job with me,” she said in a hesitative voice, “and I’ll see what I can do with it.”
A. Leaving B. To leave C. Having left D. Leave
26. She was so angry at all _____ I was doing _____ she walked out.
A. that; which B. that; that C. which; that D. what; which
27. had the medicine arrived at the village before many people were saved from the disease.
A. Seldom B. Only C. Hardly D. Little
28. is said to a popular music concert here, for which the fans feel extremely excited.
A. It；be B. It；have C. There; have D. There; be
29. He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
A. What little B. Too little C. How much D. Very little
30. We can’t help believe that the old hatred shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that America must play its role in leading a new era of peace.
A. to; but B. but; but C. but; and D. to; and
31. to attend the course he is not interested in, Brown always prefers at home to do what he likes.
A. To go; to stay B. To going; to stay C. To going; staying D. To go; staying
32. The boy the teachers considered to be the best failed in the final exam; _____ surprised them a great deal．
A．it B．which C．what D. that
33. Look at the sky! It looks like . Do you still feel like out for some sports?
A. raining; going B. rain; going C. raining; to go D. rain; to go
34. It is now much too late for the shopping. The shop well be closed now.
A. may B. could C. will D. must
35. ―Where have you been recently?
―I ________ in Hangzhou on business for a week last month.
A. have been B. had gone C. had been D. was
第二节 完形填空 (共20小题, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An Indian warship destroyed a suspected pirate vessel off the Horn of Africa last November. Finally, here is language that pirates can understand: 36. a ship.
Several countries have 37. forces to patrol Somali waters in 38. to the growing number of pirate attacks on 39. . But the pirates have only become more brazen (肆无忌惮), 40. larger ships. Pirates even hijacked (劫持) a Saudi 41. that was carrying over $100 million in oil.
Nearly 100 ships were hijacked 42. the Horn of Africa in 2008. Ransoms (赎金) paid to 43.
the ships reached nearly $50 million. This
has 44. much hand-wringing (much disappointment)
in government circles, and some 45.
decisions by shipping companies. Some have
decided to reroute their ships all the way 46. the
International patrols are having little 48. . Pirates responded by moving their armed attacks 49.
offshore. In effect, they've created a much larger field of play. The Sirius Star was 50. 450 nautical miles off the Kenyan coast, in the Indian Ocean--a 51. of water so vast that 52. forces can't possibly patrol(巡航) it.
It seems that shipping firms have a decision to make: 53. the region altogether or arm their ships to defend off direct attacks. There are some creative ways to do that. A chemical tanker fought off pirates 54. with automatic weapons by releasing foam from fire hoses into the waters around the ship. In 2005, a cruise ship used a Long Range Acoustic Device, capable of causing permanent ear damage and temporary vision loss, to defend off a pirate attack on Somalia's coast.
When shall 55. return to this body of water? People are still seeking the answer.
36.
37. A. joined B. attended C. gathered D. united
38. A. return B. turn C. response D. favor
39. A. warships B. commercial ships C. fishing ships D. passengers ships
40. A. aiming B. targeting C. intending D. taking
41. A. fishing boat B. goods ship C. passenger ship D. oil tanker
42. A. out B. about C. off D. from
43. A. charge B. seize C. keep D. free
44. A. caused B. led C. did D. brought
45. A. reasonable B. unreasonable C. negative D. sensitive
46. A. about B. over C. around D. beyond
47. A. increase B. put C. make D. add
48. A. effect B. affect C. effort D. afford
49. A. away B. further C. about D. around
50. A. forced B. left C. captured D. broken
51. A. sea B. flow C. mass D. body
52. A. air B. naval C. land D. mixed
53. A. Avoid B. Protect C. Keep D. Guard
54. A. mixed B. combined C. fitted D. armed
55. A. war B. hijack C. peace D. conflict
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 选择题（共17小题， 满分34分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.
A
London [
The two teams will be headed
by Vice Premier Wang Qishan and State Councilor Dai Bingguo from the Chinese
side and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Treasury Secretary Timothy
Geithner from the
President Hu Jintao and
Although it is their first meeting, they have kept a close contact, which Obama said will "set the stage" for both countries "to tackle the challenges in the years to come."
Both presidents highlighted the importance of China-US relations, especially during the current economic crisis.
Obama said he hoped their meeting will be constructive and open not only about the whole state of the world economy during the current crisis, but to the efforts to improve peace and security for both countries and the world.
Hu said all the positive results the two countries have achieved have not come easily, adding that he hoped to develop good working relationship and personal friendship with Obama.
Sino-US
relations are of fundamental interests not only to both countries, but to
peace, stability and prosperity to
56. How do
A. By trusting and helping each other. B. By sharing their common interests.
C. By establishing the new strategic economic dialogue
D. By establishing new economy policy.
57. What is Winfield House?
A. the
C. living
place of US ambassador to the
58. All of the following are mentioned EXCEPT .
A. The two presidents agreed to work together to resist the financial crisis.
B. The two presidents announced to the press before the official meeting.
C. Both countries will make efforts to improve peace and security.
D. Sino-US relations are of fundamental interests only to both countries.
59. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Hu, Obama set up new economic dialogue. B. Sino-US relations will be improved.
C. China and US are working together to resist economic crisis.
D.
B
All 16 women, who range
from 21 to 24 years old, graduated with distinction in five final assessments
after 44 months of training at the
And their reward will be becoming the first female pilots involved in the National Day celebrations, which this year will mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.
Deng Changyou, political commissar for the air force who attended the pilots' graduation ceremony, said China had finally fulfilled a dream, while an official who refused to be named told Xinhua: "Due to the improvements in flying ability, the accumulation of training experience and modern military needs, we've started to train women combat pilots and the air force plans to increase their numbers to enable women to enter all areas of military service."
The 16 newly qualified pilots all underwent 28 months of basic
training, which included parachute jumping and field survival training at the
in
Zhao Jingbo, deputy director for military training at the air force command, said they had also passed comprehensive examinations on political and military theory, flight skills, management and mental health.
So far, 545 female trainees have enrolled at the air force college, with 328 having graduated and 52 now working in air transport, according to official statistics. "With our strict training regime, female pilots can do what men can do," added Wu Huiming, dean of the third flying college.
As well as China, 15 other countries allow women to fly fighter jets, including Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Israel, Pakistan and the United States, the latter having trained nearly 300 since females were permitted to enroll at its military flight schools in 1976.
Following the end of the
Cold War,
Female fighter pilot Tao Jiali prepares for her flight on March 29, 2009. She is among the country's first 16 female pilots to fly China-made fighter jets, who were conferred the rank of lieutenant on April 2.
60. What will be the women’s reward?
A. To be the first female pilots to attend the 60th National Day celebration.
B. To be allowed meet one of their dreams.
C. To be permitted to get their pay raised.
D. To get enrolled at the air force college for further study.
61. The 16 newly qualified women pilots underwent following trainings EXCEPT .
A. fighting training. B. figure fitting
C. field survival training D. parachute jumping.
62. How many countries allow women to fly fighter jets?
A. 7. B. 8. C. 15. D. 16.
63. Which of the following can be inferred?
A. Jian-10 belongs to the kind of fighter jet with low cost.
B. Female pilots can do whatever men can do.
C. A qualified pilot has an average of 135 hours of personal flight time
D. A qualified pilot has to pass comprehensive examinations on political and military theory.
C
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of heath and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are lo be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation (摹仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them. and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them successful. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, on one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconducts. These should change this bad habit and condescend (屈尊，放下架子) to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
64. People who are unhappy .
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are influenced by the results of certain things
C. can discover the pleasant part of certain things
D. usually have a fault-finding habit
65.What does the phrase "sour the pleasures of society" ( Line 5, Para. 2) most probably mean?
A. "have a good taste to the pleasures of society"
B. "aren't content with the pleasures of society"
C. "feel happy with the pleasures of society"
D. "enjoy the pleasures of society"
66. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. We should pity all such unhappy people.
B. Such unhappy people are not critical about everything.
C. If such unhappy people recognize the bad effects of the habit on themselves they may get rid of it.
D. Such unhappy people are also not content with themselves.
67. The phrase "scarcely that" (Line 4, Para. 3) means .
A. "just like that" B. "almost not like that"
C. "more than that" D. "not at all like that"
68. If such unhappy persons don't change their bad behavior, the author's solution to the problem is that people should .
A. avoid contact with them B. criticize their misconduct
C. help them recognize the bad effects of the habit D. show no respect and politeness to them
D
Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and a continuous work record can apply for a credit card.
If you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors (经办) the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card ill your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves you trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.
Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit card companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their member annual dues (费用). The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company ? a percentage of the purchase price of the merchandise or service. In turn, the credit card company promptly (立即) pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their changes in monthly installments. However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers' account.
69. The main purpose of this passage is .
A. to promote the sale of credit cards B. to persuade you not to buy credit cards
C. to explain credit card economy
D. to give you some instructions on how to use the credit card
70. Why are more and more people using credit cards?
A. Because they are becoming richer and richer.
B. Because everyone call apply for the credit card.
C. Because it is cheap to buy goods by using a credit card.
D. Because it is convenient for them to buy goods.
71. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. With a credit card you can pay for purchases two months later.
B. With a credit card you can charge the cost to your account.
C. With a credit card you don't have to be worried about a thief.
D. With the credit card you don't have to worry about your final bill.
72. In the passage, "Credit cards are big business" means that .
A. credit card banks earn a lot of money
B. credit cards are mid at a high price
C. every customer has bought a credit card
D. customers must pay a lot of money to the credit card companies
第二节 简答题（共3小题， 满分6分）
阅读下面短文，根据第73至第75小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。
Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.
But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet (彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.
Even today, about 500 tons of material
from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but
occasionally a larger chunk (厚片, 大块) strikes
the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in
"But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?" Says Paul Davies, "The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 10 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth."
73. Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? （回答不超过6个单词）
74. What does Professor Paul Davies believe? （回答不超过6个单词）
75. Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? （回答不超过12个单词）
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 填空（共10小题，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3 个单词。
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only remembering things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅，闻) something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines.
Computers, for example,
contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare
the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The
instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 words ready
for instant use. An average
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in temps of words and combinations of words.
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第二节 写作（满分25）
假如你叫李华，你有一个朋友张明打算出国去学习，来信征求你的意见。请你就海外学习的利弊进行分析（就利弊至少各提出两点），并谈谈你的看法。
注意：
1.词数：120左右。
2.参考词汇：海外学习 overseas study
3.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Zhang Ming,
Congratulations
on your being admitted for further study in
Best wishes.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
听力材料
Text 1
W: I need a picture for my passport. Can you recommend a photographer?
M: Yes,
Text 2
W: Please turn down the television. I can’t understand anything my friend is saying on the phone.
M: Hurry up and finish your call. I don’t like standing so close. The light hurts my eyes.
Text 3
W: May I have this prescription filled here? I have a terrible headache.
M: Yes, but you’ll have a 15-minute wait.
Text 4
M:
Operator, I’d like to place a call to
W: $ 9 for the first three minutes and $ 3 for each additional minute.
Text 5
W: You look awful. Did you walk all the way from the bus stop in this weather?
M: Yes, and I left my raincoat on the bus.
Text 6
M: Miss Kate, what time will Mr. Tanaka’s
flight arrive at
W: Around 2 p.m., sir. Will you go with the company car to meet him?
M: Yes, so I’d better leave here no later than 12. How about the rooms at the Hilton for Mr. Tanaka and his salary?
W: I made the reservations for them last week and checked again yesterday to make sure everything is ready.
M: Including the dinner room for tonight’s reception?
W: That’s right. The manager assured me that everything will be exactly as we have requested.
M: Excellent. I want everything to be the very best.
W: I am sure it will be. That manager has never let us down yet.
M: We want to make a good impression. Not
just to be sure that this business deal is a success, but to pay back the
wonderful hospitality we received from them in
Text 7
M: Did you see the TV program last night about the skydiver whose parachutes didn’t open after he had jumped from his plane?
W: No, I didn’t. Did he die?
M: No, it’s really unbelievable how he could have survived such a free fall, and lived to tell about it on television.
W: What happened?
M: Neither of his chutes opened as he fell down to the ground. When they found him, they thought he was dead. Doctors said he would never walk again but he proved them wrong.
W: How long did it take him to recover?
M: He spent 18 months in the hospital. As soon as he was allowed to leave, he went back and jumped out of a plane again.
W: Gee, some people sure do crazy things!
Text 8
W: Hi, Gus, how was the game yesterday?
M: Great. Why did you miss it?
W: My parents didn’t let me go because I had a fever. I am still in bed.
M: Too bad you weren’t there. We all went together―Jenny, Jimmy, Anita, George, Sandra, and I.
W: It must have been very cold sitting outside on the bleachers, wasn’t it?
M: Yes, it was. We were all wrapped up in blankets, wool hats, and heavy coats. We also took along bottles of hot chocolate and coffee.
W: I hear it started snowing in the middle of the game.
M: It did, lightly at first, then harder. But it didn’t stop the game.
W: Did you see Jim Pullman make his touchdown?
M: That was the most exciting moment. Bobby Lee passed the ball to him, and he ran thirty yards. No one could catch him, and it was so funny watching the players sliding in the snow.
W: But you’re coughing. Are you getting sick too?
M: I guess I caught a cold at the game. But it was worth it.
Text 9
W:
Did you hear what happened at the
M: Yeah, I heard that some robbers stole some jewels.
W: Not some jewels! The most expensive diamond! It’s worth 5 million dollars.
M: Wow! How did they get in?
W: Nobody knows. Maybe they stayed in the museum after it closed.
M: Didn’t anyone hear the alarm?
W: The alarm didn’t go off. The robbers cut the wire.
M: Hmmm. Those robbers were pretty clever. The police say that the robbery was the work of a group. They travel around the world stealing jewels.
W: How do you know so much about this robbery?
M: I read about it in the newspaper.
Text 10
Ladies and gentlemen, here I would like to say something how to get through an interview.
In order to make a good impression during a job interview, you need to prepare yourself. You must try to find out as much information about the company as possible. You can get information by talking to someone who is working in the company or through advertisement. You must arrive in plenty of time so that you can give yourself a little time to relax before the interview begins.
You need to plan what you are going to say. Sometimes you will have to do a lot of talking, and sometimes you will only have to answer a few questions about your education and experience. You need to have answers ready about yourself, your work, your strong points, your reason for applying for the job, and the salary you expect.
Above all, you should have confidence in yourself that you will pass the interview.
Any questions? No? OK, that’s all.
Thank you.
保密★启用前
2009年山东潍坊高考模拟考试
语 文
2009.3.18
注意事项：
1．本试题分为选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。时间l50分钟，满分150分。
2．答卷前，务必将自己的班级、姓名、座号、考号分别填涂在答题卡及答题纸的相应位置。
第1卷(共36分)