2009届四川省雅安中学高三4月月考试题

英语试题

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）

第一节：单项填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）

1．Environmental groups intend to _______ the pressure until the government changes the law.

A．keep up           B．make up             C．pick up              D．bring up

2．She did not allow her failure in the exam to discourage her. _______ she began to work twice as hard.

A．In addition                                   B．On the whole     C．In conclusion   D．On the contrary

 3．―Gina has a sweet tooth and loves meat more than anything else.

 ―No wonder she _______ weight so fast.

 A．gains       B．gained                C．had gained   D．is gaining

 4．I’m glad to introduce Mr Smith to you, without _______ consideration our project would have ended in failure.

 A．whom      B．his                         C．whose               D．who

 5．They met one day in college while she was reading a book in the library and he _______ down beside her.

 A．was sitting                                   B．sat                      C．had sit          D．sits

 6．The residents approve of the measure _______ so far in our city, _______ to bring a sharp rise in oil prices.

 A．having been taken; intended                                  B．to be taken; intending 

 C．taken; to intend                         D．taken; intended

 7．Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _______ courage matters more than strength.

 A．whose     B．that                     C．of which          D．where

 8．Although Tan Wei wei began her _______ by singing in a local bar, she is now a famous star.

 A．employment                                B．profession         C．occupation         D．career

 9．―It is useless trying to help Jack with his maths. He is so poor at it.

 ―I know, but is he  ________ better at it now?

 A．much       B．little                      C．even                 D．any

 10．The hospital described his_______ as “satisfactory” while he felt there was something wrong.

 A．condition                                    B．situation            C．energy    D．position

 11．I always have so many things to _______ when I come into the office after a trip abroad.

 A．add to     B．attend to           C．contribute to           D．appeal to

 12．It’s to books _______ I owe everything that is good in time.

 A．it              B．what                    C．that                  D．which

 13．The doctor advised me to live_______ it is warm and a bit humid for the sake of my pneumonia.(肺炎)

 A．in where                                      B．in which            C．the place where       D．where

 14．―Sally _______ to come swimming with us.

 ―What a shame she had to take a rest!

 A．would love                                  B．would have loved   C．should love        D．should have loved

 15．―It’s settled. We’re going to the East coast.

 ―_______ I can take lots of pictures.

A．Great!        B．Fine with me!           C．Really?        D．why?

 16．She arranged a party to help put the strangers at their_______.

 A．pleasure          B．ease      C．delight        D．comfort

 17．The poor mother, who had been ill in bed ,had to have her little son_______ at his uncle’s.

 A．adapted         B．adopted     C．adjusted     D．applied

 18．Though the man was badly hurt in the accident, he was still_______ and could think clearly.

 A．awake      B．aware  C．conscious    D．confused

 19．―Come on ! I know you have_______ gift for music.

 ―Sorry. But I’m in_______ bad mood now.

 A．/ ; a          B．the ; /          C．a ; a     D．the ; a

 20．―Have you been wasting time on computer games again?

 ―________. I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break.

 A．No way           B．Not really     C．I don’t agree     D．I couldn’t agree more

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

What separates me from everyone else? The difference is not what clothes I wear or the   music I listen to , but what I feel__21__.

Ever since I was young, I have loved professional wrestling. As I grew older, my friends __22__me for following what was called a “man’s soap opera” . __23 _, I put my love for wrestling on the shelf. It was not until freshman year that I__24__I wasn’t being myself.

That year, I tried many new things and activities. In my town, football was the sport , so I decided to play football , __25__it might give me a head __26__in popularity. The team started with forty-eight athletes.__27__, there were fourteen of us left. I stuck it out not because I like it , but because I am not a quitter(懦夫). That long season taught me a (n)_28__:I wasn’t a football player . More importantly, it taught me to be __29__.

After that season, I__30__back to being a wrestling fan. I came across a well-known saying:“Don’t Dream It. Be It.”When I read this, my friend Dan and I had the__31__idea.

“What if we build a wrestling ring?”we asked. The following weekend, we met at his house. We saw our __32__in a pile in his backyard. We worked from dawn to dusk to build our great project. Our hard work paid__33__.We had a real ring. We decided to hold an “event”. We practiced for hours , trying to__34__every aspect（方面）of our wrestling ability . The date was May 24th. To our surprise, about one hundred friends and fans showed up to__35__us. It was the most important night of my life and a__36__success. Since that time, we have held five shows with as many as two hundred and fifty people turning out. We__37__to live this dream. We accomplished what we set out to do.

As my senior year winds down, I’ll remember all of my high school memories. But__38__will stick out most is the memory that I did something I__39__, despite what everyone said or thought. I achieved the__40__…I lived my dream.

21.  A.outside       B.inside           C.behind           D.beside

22.  A.laughed at     B.talked about      C.listened to        D.called on

23.  A.Then         B.But             C.And             D.So

24.  A.admitted      B.noticed          C.realized          D.declared

25.  A.thinking       B.finding          C.remembering      D.guessing

26.  A.level          B.start             C.end              D.point

27.  A.At the end     B.At the beginning   C.In return         D.On one hand

28.  A.art           B.truth             C.fact              D.lesson

29.  A.oneself        B.somebody        C.myself           D.nobody

30.  A.gave          B.went             C.put             D.set

31.  A.original       B.perfect           C.same            D.correct

32.  A.dream        B.success           C.progress         D.future

33.  A.for           B.out              C.off              D.back

34.  A.discover       B.learn             C.improve         D.show

35.  A.praise         B.support           C.teach            D.follow

36.  A.gradual        B.complete          C.endless          D.timeless

37.  A.have          B.begin             C.prefer           D.continue

38.  A.why          B.how              C.which           D.what

39.  A.loved         B.faced             C.studied          D.needed

40.  A.task          B.step              C.goal            D.game

第二部分　阅读理解（共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）

第一节      阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

One sixth of undergraduates (本科生) in Beijing this year have registered at a driving school. The students, mostly from majors such as business management or international trade, will finish their driving courses within 20 days or so.

Training costs have dropped to 2,600 yuan for students, according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing. The price is not really low, but students will accept it, seeing it as an investment in their future. Familiarity with the operation of computers and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a job. But a driver’s permit has become another factor.

“In the job market, owning a driver’s permit sometimes strengthens a graduating student’s competitiveness for a good position,” says Zhou Yang, an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law.

Cars will become a necessary part of many people’s lives in the coming years, and it’s difficult to get a permit out of campus because of the pressures on working people’s time. “Having a full-time job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive. We senior students have plenty of spare time, plenty of opportunities to learn.”

Xu Jian, an official at the driving school, said undergraduates were very able and serious, and could grasp in an hour what it took ordinary people four hours to learn. In this driving school, middle-aged people, young women and college students are the main customers.

To get a driver’s permit, a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours’ practice before the final road test.

41. The undergraduates are learning to drive because___________.

A. they like to drive cars

B. they need this skill to find a good job.

C. most of them will be able to buy cars in the future

D. they want to become full-time drivers after graduation

42. Which of the following is Xu Jian’s opinion of students learning to drive?

A. He decided it was a waste of money and time.

B. He thought they must learn it at school.

C. He thought they would spend three times more time.

D. He agreed that young people had an advantage in learning to drive.

43. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?

A. Students Learn to Drive

B. Welcome to Driving School

C. It’s Better to Learn to Drive at College

D. Students Pay Less to Learn to Drive Now

B

Kenya wants to organize a major international conference to discuss how to fight piracy off the coast of Somalia. The conference may also deal with ways to rescue Somalia from seventeen years of civil war. More than forty percent of its people depend on food aid.

Kenyan Foreign Minister Moses Wetangula says the world cannot end piracy without also dealing with Somalia's political problems. He says the piracy is partly born out of a "collective failure" to solve the problems of Somalia. He says the lawlessness there has created a breeding ground for the current threat.

Somali pirates operate in the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. The Gulf of Aden connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean by way of the Suez Canal. The pirates have fast boats, modern weapons and equipment like satellite phones and global positioning systems.

The hijacking a week ago of an oil supertanker from off the coast of Kenya has brought new attention to the maritime criminals. Somali pirates have attacked more than one hundred twenty ships this year and hijacked almost forty of them.

The United Nations estimates that pirates have received about thirty million dollars in ransom money for hijacked ships. Kenya's foreign minister says his government believes pirate networks may have earned as much as one hundred fifty million. There are concerns that some of the money could go to Islamic terrorists in Somalia.

Somali pirates generally do not steal goods or kill hostages. They are believed to be holding seventeen ships with about three hundred crew members. Among the ships is a Ukrainian vessel hijacked in September with a load of military weapons including tanks.

The increase in piracy is raising the cost of insuring ships. Also, oil from the Middle East and exports from East Asia could take longer to arrive.

Some of the world's heaviest shipping traffic passes the Somali coast. But major shipping companies have begun to consider new routes. One of the world's biggest shippers, A.P. Moller Maersk, says it will avoid the Gulf of Aden. A move away from the Suez Canal could hurt Egypt's economy.

American and other foreign navy ships are now watching for pirates. This week the Indian Navy destroyed a heavily armed "mother ship" in the Gulf of Aden. But the area to protect covers more than one hundred sixty million square kilometers.

44. According to Kenyan foreign minister, which of the following is not the cause of the piracy in Somalia?

A. The political problems in Somalia.

B. The lawlessness in Somalia.

C. The seventeen years of civil war in Somalia.

D. The Somalia people’s dependence of food aid.

45. According to the passage, what equipment is not used by the pirates in Somalia?

A. Fast boats.                        B. Satellite phones.       

C. nuclear weapons.              D. Global positioning system.

46. According to the passage, which of the following may be the difficulty to fight the privates in Somalia?

A. The area where the pirates may attack the passing ships is so large.

B. The pirates are now considering new routes.

C. Some governments give support to the pirates in Somalia by providing them with money.

D. The pirates are the Islamic terrorists.

47. Which of the following may NOT be the problems the piracy in Somalia cause?

A. The cost of ensuring the safety of the ships is increasing.

B. The Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aden have been destroyed.

C. The money that they got may go to Islamic terrorists in Somalia.

D. Oil from the Middle East and exports from East Asia could take longer to arrive.

C

A woman whose sports car was stolen with her dog in it put up notices all over the area that made it clear getting back her pet was more important than her car.

“Whoever did this can keep my car. Please let Benjerman come home,” the notice said.

It is not known whether the thief showed any pity, but almost 30 hours after the 1 pm theft Friday, Kimberly Atkins of Dover and Benjerman, a 12-year-old black retriever(猎犬), were reunited after police located them in Barrington.

“He’s hungry, he’s dirty, but he’s very happy to be home,” Atkins said.

The car was found at about 5 pm Saturday off Route 125 in a swampy area frequented by off-the-road cars and dirt bikes. However, the police couldn’t control Benjerman, and they had to call Atkins to come and get him.

Atkins said the thief cared for Benjerman a little by providing him with some dry cat food. She believed Benjerman ended up drinking some muddy water in the area. She said they have been together for nearly 11 years after she took him back from a society shelter in Dallas, Texas.

    Before Benjelman was found, Atkins and several friends put up notices all over the city and in Somersworth. They also contacted animal shelters, throughout southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts.

The notice stated there was a reward，and also that the dog needed medication．Any caller could remain anonymous(匿名的).

Atkins had parked the car outside a hardware store with the keys inside and gone in to rent a carpet cleaner.

“It was l0 minutes and I came out and my car was gone along with Benjerman in broad daylight,” Atkins said. The car thief threw Atkins’ wallet and other personal items out of the car before escaping from the scene.

48. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. A car with a dog was stolen

B. Lucky dog was returned to her owner

C. Stealing cars: a most important social problem

D. Woman wants dog back more than stolen car

49. Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened?

a. Notices were put up saying there was a reward.

b. Atkins saw Benjerman again.

c. Police found Atkins’car.

d. Atkins took Benjerman back from a society shelter. 

e. Atkins hired a carpet cleaner in a hardware store.

A. d,e,a,b,c                 B. d,e,a,c,b                C. e,a,d,b,c                  D. e,a,c,d,b

50. We can infer from the passage              ____.

A. the dog was treated extremely badly by the thief

B. car stolen accidents happen frequently nowadays

C. the dog was found because of the reward

D. the thief stole the car easily

51. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Benjerman was sent back immediately after Atkins put up the notices.

B. Atkins and her friends made a great effort to look for Benjerman.

C. The thief gave the dog back but kept the sports car.  

D. The dog was back at 1 pm on a Friday.

D

The oldest forms of medicine are enjoying a comeback. Modern holistic medicine is an approach that treats the whole patient, not just the disease. It is a way to maintain good health rather than cure illness. The most important influences on today’s holistic medicine are ancient Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, both of which promoted whole body health.

       Holistic medicine usually combines diet, physical exercise and meditation, together with other

alternative techniques such as massage and acupuncture. Herbal treatment, a practice of treating illness by using plants, is influenced by the writings of Culpeper as well as Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Homeopathy（顺势疗法）is one of the forms of holistic medicine which is widely practiced in Europe and the USA. Homeopathy began in Germany in the early 1800s, when Samuel Hahnemann described how very tiny doses of a drug had an effect on his patients. According to Hahnemann, the more the drug was diluted (稀释), the stronger its effects. The substance selected would produce similar effects to the disease itself if given in large doses. In the UK homeopathy is regarded as a non-traditional but just about acceptable treatment.

       Meditation and contemplation have an important role in holistic medicine. They were brought to Europe by Indian teachers who combined Indian Ayurvedic medicine with Western beliefs. Transcendental meditation（超脱静坐）is one of the best known of these techniques. People repeat words inside their head to reach a state of deep relaxation.

       The holistic movement has made many doctors look at the whole patient, not just the disease. Life-style, emotional problems and diet are just some of the factors that can affect a person’s health. Holistic medicine emphasizes good diet, exercise and fresh air, all of which contribute to health. Some clinics now offer holistic medicine along with traditional treatments, so that their patients can choose a combination of treatments that suits them. One problem with holistic medicine is that it is difficult for people to be sure that a doctor is reliable. To solve this, many countries want alternative doctors to form professional bodies.

52. Modern holistic medicine centers upon     ______.

A. curing a disease                                    B. herbal treatment

     C. continuous development                         D. keeping patients healthy

53. Which of the following does NOT belong to holistic medicine?

     A. massage                                               B. meditation

     C. a balanced diet                                      D. a knee operation

54. The principle of homeopathy is that     ______.

A. the large doses of medicine that will not be harmful will take better effect

     B. the disease will be cured sooner by taking larger doses of medicine

C. a small thinner dose of medicine will be more effective

     D. the doses of medicine depend on how serious the illness is

55. Which of the following titles best sums up the passage?

     A. Holistic Medicine                                B. Traditional Medicine Returns

     C. History of Medicine                             D. Combination of Treatments Works

56. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Relaxation is the key of holistic treatment.

     B. Holistic medicine needs to become more trustworthy.

     C. Holistic treatment is more beneficial than traditional treatments.

     D. Holistic medicine will become the most welcome treatment soon.

E

You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.

       The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Your being values are the character traits of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment to live by. An example of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.

       Your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, and support, being valued or financial security. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.

       When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, meditate (沉思), or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be―this is the key to personal power.

       When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you reinforce（加强）your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.

57. The main purpose of this passage is to      _____.

A. persuade the readers to make a commitment

B. explain to the readers what personal values are

C. inform the readers how to be truly happy

D. instruct the readers how to make wise choices

58. According to the text, living by your being values, you would      ______.

A. gain a lot of power                        B. form positive personality

C. seek all human virtues                      D. fill your own needs

59. The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 means      ______.

A. a feeling of emptiness                      B. an absence of one’s mind

C. a break of continuity                      D. a state of confusion

60. What can be inferred from the text?

A. Having values are better than being values.

B. A calm person does not choose to complain.

C. The way other people think of you decides who you are.

D. A responsible person does not care about financial security.

第二节  根据对话内容。从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑；如果选项为E涂AB，选项为F涂AC，选项为G涂AD。选项中有两项多

余选项。(共5小题；每小题2分，满分l0分)

A：Morning．

B：Morning．

A：But…but how are you today?  61    

B：I'm not．I have a sore throat，and I cough，especially at night．So I can’t sleep very well，

A：Oh!        62       

B：Yeah，I’ve got a fever．

A：Um，I think you’ve got the flu．I suggest you take a day off and go back home to have a

  good rest．

B：Sounds great．But I have to prepare my speech for the conference。     63    And yesterday

  they asked me for the summary．

A：  64  

B：I had no time for it and there’s no way，until I finish the summary．

A：  65  

B：Sure．Thank you．

A．What’S wrong with you?

B。Did you go to the clinic?

C You know，it’s only five days from now．

D．You don’t look very well．

E．Take your time and take good care of yourself．

F．Could you do me a favor?

G．Have you got a temperature?

第三部分写作(共两节。满分50分)

第一节  短文改错(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

    此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右

边横线上画一个勾“√”；如有错误(每行只有一处错)，则按下列情况改正：

    该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜

线划掉。

    该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

    该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

    注意；原行没有错的不要改。

    The problem of“white pollution”causes by used plastic                  66.            

is becoming increasingly serious，in that plastic shopping bags               67.            

play a important role，In China about three billion plastic                    68.            

shopping bags are consumed every day，which results a grea.t                69            

waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution．Lucky，              70            

the government has been put a nationwide ban on the use of                  71            

free plastic bags，demand that all stores and supermarkets not                72            

provide customer with free plastic bags after June 1．The rule                73            

has undoubtedly reduced the use of plastic bags．It is suggested that           74            

we should turn to cloth bags and shopping baskets since now on．           75           

第二节  书面表达（满分35分）

目前，一些诸如GG、MM、Xia Mi 等的网络语言在青少年中极为盛行，并出现在家庭作业、报告，甚至全国性入学考试的作文中。请你以“Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited(禁止)？”为题，根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文。

一些同学认为

另一些同学认为

1．网络语言生动、时尚；

2．网络语言充满幽默与智慧；

3．能使网上聊天更快捷。

1．网络语言缺乏思想性，太简单；

2．没有被大部分人理解和接受；

3．过多使用会使人不解，甚至误解。

你自己的观点

注意： 1．对所给要点，不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥。

2．词数120左右；短文已写好的部分，不计入总词数。

Should Internet Slang Be prohibited?

At present, Internet Slang, such as “GG” “MM” “Xia Mi”, has become popular among the teenagers._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                             ______

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                             ______

雅安中学高2009届4月月考

英语答案

一、 1―5  ADDCB  6―10 DDDDA    11―15 BCDBA    16―20 BBCCB

21―25 BADCA  26―30BADCB  31―35CACCB  36―40BDDAC

二、41-45.BDADC   46―50 AB DBD   51―55BDDCA   56-60 B CBAB

    61、D    62、AD    63、C    64、B    65、AB

试题详情

高三化学定时练习11

6、生产、生活中的问题常涉及到化学知识，下列叙述中正确的是                      （    ）

  A．乙醇和汽油都是可再生能源，应大力推广“乙醇汽油”

  B．钢铁在海水中比在河水更易腐蚀，主要原因是海水含氧量高于河水

  C．棉花、蚕丝和人造丝的主要成分是纤维素

  D．用汽油、煤油除去油污时发生的主要是物理变化

7、氧氟沙星是常用抗菌药，其结构简式如右图所示，下列对氧氟沙星叙述错误的是      （    ）

　A．能发生加成、取代反应

　B．能发生还原、酯化反应

　C．分子内共有19个氢原子

　D．分子内共平面的碳原子多于6个

8、用N_A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法中正确的是                             （    ）

    A．标准状况下，2.24 L的苯中含有0.3 N_A个碳碳双键

    B．常温常压下，0.2 mol铁在0.2 mol氯气中充分燃烧，转移的电子数为0.4 N_A

    C．工业用电解法进行粗铜精炼时，每转移1 mol电子，阳极上溶解的铜原子数必为0.5 N_A

    D．用溶有1 mol FeCl₃的饱和氯化铁溶液制备氢氧化铁胶体，制成的胶体中含有的胶粒数为1.0 N_A

9、下列叙述不正确的是                                                          （    ）

A．常温下浓硫酸可贮存于铁制或铝制容器中，说明常温下铁和铝与浓硫酸不反应

    B．硝酸银溶液通常保存在棕色的试剂瓶中，是因为硝酸银见光易分解

C．反应AgC1+NaBr=AgBr+NaC1能在水溶液中进行，是因为AgBr比AgC1更难溶于水

    D．乙醇的沸点比甲醚（CH₃OCH₃）高，主要原因是乙醇分子间能形成氢键

10、能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是

　A．碳酸氢钙与过量的NaOH溶液反应：Ca^2＋＋2HCO₃^－＋2OH^－＝CaCO₃↓＋2H₂O＋CO₃^2－

B．NaHS水解：HS^－+ H₂OH₂O⁺ + S^2－           

C．铜片插入三氯化铁溶液中：Cu + Fe³⁺＝ Cu²⁺ + Fe²⁺

D．稀硝酸与过量的铁屑反应：3Fe＋8H^＋＋2NO₃^－＝3Fe^3＋＋2NO↑＋4H₂O

11、在常温下，一元酸HA的溶液与一元碱BOH的溶液等体积混合，下列有关判断正确的是（  ）

    A．若混合后所得溶液呈中性，则HA肯定是强酸、BOH肯定是强碱

    B．若混合前酸，碱pH之和等于14，混合后所得溶液呈酸性，则HA肯定是弱酸

    C．若混合前酸，碱物质的量浓度相同，混合后所得溶液呈酸性，则HA肯定是弱酸

    D．若混合后所得溶液呈酸性，则混合溶液中离子浓度一定满足：c(B⁺)>c(A^－)>c(H⁺)>c(OH^―)

12、X、Y、Z三种气体，取X和Y按2∶1的物质的量之比混合，放入固定体积的密闭容器中发生如下反应：X + 2Y2Z ，达到平衡后， X的转化率不可能为                    （    ）

A．25%                    B．20%                  C．15%                  D．10%

13、在一定条件下，使CO和O₂­的混合气体26 g充分反应，所得混合物在常温下跟足量的Na₂O₂固体反应，结果固体增重14 g，则原混合气体中CO和O₂的质量比可能是                （    ）

A．9：5                         B．1：1                      C．7：6                            D．6：7

26、元素周期表是学习物质结构和性质的重要工具，下面是元素周期表的一部分，表中所列字母A、D、E、G、Q、M、R、T分别代表某一化学元素。请用所给元素回答下列问题。

A

D

E

G

Q

M

R

T

（1）某元素原子的核外电子层数是最外层电子数的3倍，该元素的原子结构示意图为         。

（2）某些元素的原子可形成与Ar具有相同电子层结构的简单离子，这些离子的半径由大到小的顺序是（填离子符号）                                。

  （3）M、D两种元素形成的化合物含有的化学键类型是            ，其分子是（填“极性”或“非极性”）       分子；

A分别与D、E、R形成的分子中，分子间存在氢键的是（填分子式）           。

A与D形成分子的空间结构可能是（填序号）                                。

                a            b             c           d

  （4）从所给元素中组成合适的反应物，用化学方程式表明元素M、R的非金属性强弱                    。

  （5）第三周期主族元素单质熔点高低的顺序如右图所示，“1”所代表物质的化学式是                  ，“7”所对应的元素形成最高价氧化物的晶体类型是    。

27、某实验小组用0.50 mol/L NaOH溶液和0.50 mol/L硫酸溶液进行中和热的测定。

   Ⅰ．配制0.50 mol/L NaOH溶液

  （1）若实验中大约要使用245 mL NaOH溶液，至少需要称量NaOH固体             g。

  （2）从下表中选择称量NaOH固体所需要的仪器是（填字母）：                    。

Ⅱ．测定稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠中和热的实验装置如右图所示。

  （1）写出该反应的热化学方程式（中和热为57.3 kJ/mol）：

                                                      。

  （2）取50 mL NaOH溶液和30 mL硫酸溶液进行实验，实验数据如下表。                                                            

①请填写下表中的空白：

     温度

实验次数

起始温度t₁/℃

终止温度

t₂/℃

温度差平均值

（t₂-t₁）/℃

H₂SO₄

NaOH

平均值

1

26.2

26.0

26.1

30.1

2

27.0

27.4

27.2

31.3

3

25.9

25.9

25.9

29.8

4

26.4

26.2

26.3

30.4

②近似认为0.50 mol/L NaOH溶液和0.50 mol/L硫酸溶液的密度都是1 g/cm³，中和后生成溶液的比热容c=4.18 J/(g?℃)。则中和热△H=                      （取小数点后一位）。

③上述实验数值结果与57.3 kJ/mol有偏差，产生偏差的原因可能是（填字母）        。

    a．实验装置保温、隔热效果差

b．量取NaOH溶液的体积时仰视读数

c．分多次把NaOH溶液倒入盛有硫酸的小烧杯中

d．用温度计测定NaOH溶液起始温度后直接测定H₂SO₄溶液的温度

28、A～I分别表示中学化学中常见的一种物质，其中A、I为常见金属单质，它们之间相互关系如下图所示（部分反应物、生成物没有列出），A、B、C、D、E、F六种物质中均含同一种元素。

请填写下列空白：

⑴金属单质A所含元素在周期表中位置               。

⑵描述①反应的实验现象并书写相应的化学方程式：

  反应①的实验现象                                                       ；

化学反应方程式                                                         ；

⑶向C溶液中再滴入酸性KMnO₄溶液，则KMnO₄紫色褪去,反应的离子方程式为：

                                                                             。

⑷除反应①外再写出任一能实现B→A转化的化学方程式                          。

29、根据图示回答下列问题：

(1)写出A、E、G的结构简式：A__________________，E____________________，G________________；

(2)反应②的化学方程式(包括反应条件)是_______________________________________________，

反应④化学方程式(包括反应条件)是____________________________________________________；

(3)写出①、⑤的反应类型：①________________、⑤__________________。

定时练习11

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

26、（1）                      。

（2）这些离子的半径由大到小的顺序是（填离子符号）                                。

   （3）化学键类型是                  ，其分子是（填“极性”或“非极性”）           分子；

分子间存在氢键的是（填分子式）               ；结构可能是（填序号）                  。

（4）                                                                             。

   （5）                    ，                     。

27、Ⅰ．配制0.50 mol/L NaOH溶液

  （1）                  g。

  （2）需要的仪器是（填字母）：                    。

Ⅱ．测定稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠中和热。

  （1）                                                                               。

  （2）①请填写下表中的空白：

     温度

实验次数

起始温度t₁/℃

终止温度

t₂/℃

温度差平均值

（t₂-t₁）/℃

H₂SO₄

NaOH

平均值

1

26.2

26.0

26.1

30.1

2

27.0

27.4

27.2

33.3

3

25.9

25.9

25.9

29.8

4

26.4

26.2

26.3

30.4

②中和热△H=                            （取小数点后一位）。

③，产生偏差的原因可能是（填字母）              。

28、⑴                            。

⑵反应①的实验现象                                                       ；

化学反应方程式                                                         。

⑶                                                                             。

⑷                                                                             。

29、(1) A__________________，E____________________，G________________；

(2) ____________________________________                            ___________；

_________                       ___________________________________________。

(3)①______          __________、⑤______          ____________。

试题详情

高三化学定时练习10

6、化学与生活、社会密切相关。下列说法正确的是

A．我国规定商家不得无偿提供塑料袋，目的是减少“白色污染”

B．乙醇是一种易燃烧污染小的可再生能源，但只能在实验室内作燃料

C．木糖醇(C₅H₁₂O₅)是一种甜味剂,它属于多羟基化合物，与葡萄糖互为同分异构体

D．凡含有食品添加剂的食物对人体健康均有害，不可食用

7、用N_A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。下列叙述正确的是

A．常温常压下的33.6 L氯气与27 g铝充分反应，转移电子数为3 N_A

B．标准状况下，22.4 L己烷中共价键数目为19 N_A

C．由CO₂和O₂组成的混合物中共有N_A个分子，其中的氧原子数为2 N_A

D．1 L浓度为1 mol?L^-1的Na₂CO₃溶液中含有N_A个CO₃^2-

8、下列离子方程式书写正确的是

A．甲酸钠溶液和盐酸混合：HCOO^-+H⁺＝HCOOH

B．醋酸钠的水解反应：CH₃COO^-+ H₃O⁺CH₃COOH +H₂O

C．用石墨电极电解饱和MgCl₂溶液：2Cl^-＋2H₂O2OH^-＋H₂↑＋Cl₂↑

D．向苯酚钠溶液中通人少量CO₂：C₆H₅O^-＋CO₂+ H₂OC₆H₅OH↓ 十HCO₃^-

9、正确掌握好化学用语是学好化学的基础，下列有关表述正确的是

A．次氯酸的电子式：         B．质量数为16的氧原子：

C．乙烯的结构简式：

D．碳酸氢根离子的电离方程式： HCO₃^- + H₂O  H₃O⁺+ CO₃^2-

10、下列各组离子在溶液中能大量共存，且加入过量NaOH溶液后可得到澄清溶液的是：

    A．Na⁺、Cu²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-                       B．Al³⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、NO₃^-

    C．Ag⁺、K⁺、SO₄^2-、Cl^-                           D．K⁺、Ba²⁺、 HCO₃^-、C1^-

11、下列溶液中有关物质的量浓度关系正确的是

A．pH相等的CH₃COONa、NaOH和Na₂CO₃三种溶液： c(NaOH)＜c(CH₃COONa)＜c(Na₂CO₃)

B．pH=2的HA溶液与pH=12的MOH溶液任意比混合：c(H⁺) + c(M⁺) == c(OH^-) + c(A^-)

C．物质的量浓度相等CH₃COOH和CH₃COONa溶液等体积混合：

c(CH₃COO^-) + c(CH₃COOH) == c(H⁺) + 2c(Na⁺)

D．0.1mol?L^-1的NaHA溶液，其pH = 4：c(HA^-)＞c(H⁺)＞c(H₂A)＞c(A^2-)

12、已知反应A₂（g）+2B₂（g）2AB₂ (g)的△H < 0，下列说法正确的是：

       A．升高温度，正向反应速率增加，逆向反应速率减小

       B．升高温度有利于反应速率增加，从而缩短达到平衡所需要的时间

       C．达到平衡后，升高温度或增大压强都有利于该反应平衡正向移动

       D．达到平衡后，降低温度或减小压强都有利于该反应平衡正向移动

13、下列三种有机物是某些药物中的有效成分：

以下说法正确的是

A．三种有机物都能与浓溴水发生反应

B．三种有机物苯环上的氢原子若被氯原子取代，其一氯代物都只有2种

    C．将等物质的量的三种物质加入氢氧化钠溶液中，阿司匹林消耗氢氧化钠最多

D．使用FeCl₃溶液和稀硫酸不能鉴别出这三种有机物

26、A、B、C、D、E均为短周期元素，且原子序数依次递增。A、E同主族，B、D同周期，且B和D最外层电子数之和为10；A与D可形成A₂D、A₂D₂共价化合物。请回答下列问题。

 （1）C的气态氢化物的结构式为______，其溶于水的过程中发生的反应为（用化学用语表示）      。

 （2）B、C、D气态氢化物稳定性由强到弱的顺序是________________（用化学式表示）。

 （3）与E同周期的元素中，金属性最弱的金属元素名称是        ， 其最高价氧化物对应的水化物与E的最高价氧化物对应的水化物的溶液反应的离子方程式为                              。

 （4）如果用脱脂棉包住E₂D₂粉末，置于石棉网上，往脱脂棉上滴水，脱脂棉剧烈燃烧，据此实验现象得出的结论是：①生成氧气②是                                 。

27、已知FeSO₄在高温下分解生成Fe₂O₃、SO₃和SO₂。用下图所示装置设计实验，检验FeSO₄在高温下分解生成的气态物质，并测定已分解的FeSO₄质量。

已知：B装置、烧瓶E中所加试剂依次为氢氧化钠溶液、水（滴有数滴BaCl₂溶液）

请回答下列问题：

（1）D装置中所加试剂名称                                                  ；

     B装置中主要反应的离子反应方程式                                      。

（2）能检验混合气中含SO₂的实验依据是                                       。

（3）按气流方向连接各仪器，用字母表示接口的连接顺序：c→                 。

（4）检验后，用E中混合物测定已分解的FeSO₄质量，此实验操作的第一步                        ；第二步过滤混合物，在过滤器上将沉淀洗净后，灼烧并冷却至室温，称量其质量为ag，再次灼烧冷却至室温称量其质量为bg，且b＜a，接下来的操作应当是                                     。

（5）若最终得到沉淀cg，已经分解的FeSO₄质量                     （填计算式）。

28、A、B、C、D、E、F、G七种物质间存在如图所示的转化关系，其中A、B、D、G含有同种元素（部分反应物和生成物已略）。

已知：

（Ⅰ）A为金属单质； B为红褐色固体；E为密度最小的气体；G为浅绿色溶液。

（Ⅱ）D的溶液为黄色，能与硝酸银溶液反应生成不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀。

（Ⅲ）D的溶液能将某种氧化物氧化为F，F是含有三种元素的化合物。

请回答下列问题：

（1）上述反应中属于置换反应的是           （填序号）。

（2）G生成B的过程中所出现的现象                                          ；

反应③的离子方程式                                                    。

（3）D的水溶液显酸性，请用离子方程式解释原因                               。

（4）实验室制取C的化学方程式为                                        。

 29、丁子香酚可用于配制康乃馨型香精及制作杀虫剂和防腐剂，结构简式如图。

（1）丁子香酚分子式为              。

（2）下列物质在一定条件下能跟丁子香酚反应的是           。

a．NaOH溶液   b．NaHCO₃溶液    c．FeCl₃溶液   d．Br₂的CCl₄溶液

（3）符合下述条件的丁子香酚的同分异构体共有_____种，写出其中任意两种的结构简式。  

① 与NaHCO₃溶液反应                 ② 苯环上只有两个取代基

③ 苯环上的一氯取代物只有两种

___________________________________、_________________________________。

一定条件       提示：RCH=CHR’             RCHO+R’CHO         A→B的化学方程式为_______________________________________________，   A→B的反应类型为______________________。         定时练习10 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13                 26、 （1）__          ____，                                               （用化学用语表示）。  （2）________________（用化学式表示）。  （3）                ，                                                              。  （4）                                                。 27、 （1）                  ；                                                             。 （2）                                       。 （3）c→                                    。 （4）此实验操作的第一步                                                              ；接下来的操作应当是                                                              。 （5）已经分解的FeSO4质量                     （填计算式）。 28、 （1）                       （填序号）。 （2）G生成B的过程中所出现的现象                                                   ； 反应③的离子方程式                                                             。 （3）                                                                                。 （4）                                                                                。 29、 （1）丁子香酚分子式为              。 （2）                              。 （3）___            __种，写出其中任意两种的结构简式：     ___________________________________、_________________________________。 （4） A→B的化学方程式为____________________            ___________________________， A→B的反应类型为______________________。                     试题详情 高三定时练习9 6．下列说法正确的是            A．大量使用含磷洗涤剂会带来白色污染      B．减少使用氟氯代烷的目的是为了减少酸雨  C．硫酸厂不应建在人口稠密的居民区和环保要求高的地区 D．硫酸厂靠近原料产地比靠近硫酸消费中心更为有利 7．用NA表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是        A．0.2 mol过氧化氢完全分解转移的电子数目为0.4 NA B．300 mL 2 mol/L蔗糖溶液中所含分子数为0.6 NA C．在常温常压下，17 g硫化氢所含质子数目为8 NA D．在标准状况下，2.24 L二氧化硫与氧气混合气体中所含氧原子数为0.2 NA 8．25℃时，在pH＝13的溶液中可以大量共存的离子组是 A．K+、Na+、HCO3-、NO3-                          B．Na+、K+、SO42-、Cl- C．H+、Mg2+、SO42-、NO3-                           D．Ag+、K+、NO3-、Na+ 9．卫生部下发紧急通知要求查处苏丹红“红心鸭蛋”。被查处的所谓“红心鸭蛋”是有人将工业染料“苏丹红4号”非法用作饲料添加剂，使得某些“红心鸭蛋”中含有对人体有害的苏丹红。“苏丹 红4号”的结构简式为：    。 下列关于“苏丹红4号”说法中错误的是 A．能发生加成反应                         B．分子式为C24H20N4O C．能被酸性高锰酸钾溶液氧化               D．属于苯的同系物 10．二氧化硫的催化氧化是放热反应。下列关于接触法制硫酸的叙述中正确的是 A．为防止催化剂中毒，炉气在进入接触室之前需要净化    B．为提高SO2的转化率，接触室内反应温度选定在400℃~500℃ C．为防止污染大气，从吸收塔出来的尾气常用NaOH溶液吸收 D．为提高SO3的吸收效率，用稀硫酸代替水吸收SO3 11．下列反应的离子方程式书写不正确的是 A．硫酸铜水解：Cu2++2H2OCu(OH)2+2H+ B．澄清石灰水与少量小苏打溶液混合：Ca2++2OH-+2HCO3-＝CaCO3↓+CO32-+2H2O C．氯化铝溶液加入过量的氨水：Al3+＋3NH3?H2O＝A1(OH)3↓＋3NH4+ D．NaHSO4溶液中滴加NaHCO3溶液：H++ HCO3-＝H2O+CO2↑ 12．对于达到平衡的可逆反应：X + YW + Z，其他条件不变时，增大压强，正、逆反应速率（U）变化的情况如图所示。下列对X、Y、W、Z四种物质状态的描述正确的是 A．若W、Z均为气体，则X、Y中只有一种为气体 B．若X、Y均为气体，则W、Z中只有一种为气体 C．X、Y或W、Z中均只有一种为气体 D．若X、Y均为气体，则W、Z均为液体或固体   13．如图所示，a、b、c、d均为石墨电极，通电进行电解。下列说法正确的是   A．乙烧杯中d的电极反应为：2Cl??2e? Cl2↑                B．a、c两极产生气体的物质的量相等 C．甲、乙两烧杯中溶液的pH均保持不变                D．乙烧杯中发生的反应为：2NaCl + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2↑+ Cl2↑ 26．几种短周期元素的原子半径及某些化合价见下表： 元素代号 A B D E G H I J 化合价 ?1 ?2 +4、?4 +4、?2 +5、?3 +3 +2 +1 原子半径／nm 0.071 0.074 0.077 0.102 0.110 0.143 0.160 0.186 分析上表中有关数据，并结合已学过的知识，回答以下问题。涉及上述元素的答案，请用元素符号表示。 （1）E元素在周期表中位于      周期，      族； （2）A、H、J对应的离子半径由大到小的顺序是（填写离子符号）                     ； （3）A与J所形成化合物的晶体类型是                ，用电子式表示其形成过程                               ； （4）B与H所形成的化合物与J的最高价氧化物的水化物X的溶液发生反应的离子方程式为                           ；D与B形成的某种化合物Y不仅能与X反应，还能与I的单质反应，则Y与I的单质反应的化学方程式为                       。 27．A、B、C、X均为中学常见的纯净物，它们之间有如下转化关系（副产物已略去）。     试回答：    （1）若X是强氧化性单质，则A不可能是________________。         a．S         b．N2        c．Na        d．Mg        e．Al    （2）若X是金属单质，向C的水溶液中滴加AgNO3溶液，产生不溶于稀HNO3的白色沉淀，则B的化学式为____________；C溶液在贮存时应加入少量X，理由是（用必要的文字和离子方程式表示）_________________________________________，检验此C溶液中金属元素价态的操作方法是____________________________。 （3）若A、B、C为含有金属元素的无机化合物，X为强电解质，A溶液与C溶液反应生成B，则B的化学式为_____________，X的化学式可能为（写出不同类物质）_________或_________，反应①的离子方程式为____________________________或__________________。 28．咖啡酸（下式中的A）是某种抗氧化剂成分之一，A与FeCl3溶液反应显紫色。     （1）咖啡酸中含氧官能团的名称为___________________________________________。 （2）咖啡酸可以发生的反应是____________________________________（填写序号）。 ① 氧化反应  ② 加成反应   ③ 酯化反应   ④ 加聚反应   ⑤ 消去反应 （3）咖啡酸可看作1，3，4―三取代苯，其中两个相同的官能团位于邻位，取代基中不含支链。则咖啡酸的结构简式为_______________________________________。 （4）3.6 g咖啡酸与足量碳酸氢钠反应生成气体（标准状况）______________mL。 （5）蜂胶的主要活性成分为CPAE，分子式为C17H16O4，该物质在一定条件下可水解生成咖啡酸和一种醇，该醇为芳香醇，且分子结构中无甲基，则咖啡酸跟该芳香醇在一定条件下反应生成CPAE的化学方程式为__________________________________________________。 29．某学生用胆矾制取氧化铜固体，并研究氧化铜能否在在氯酸钾受分解实验中起催化作用。 实验步骤如下：        ①称量a g胆矾固体放入烧杯中，加水制成溶液，向其中滴加氢氧化钠溶液至沉淀完全；        ②把步骤①中的溶液和沉淀转移至蒸发皿中，加热至溶液中的沉淀全部变成黑色氧化铜为止；        ③过滤、洗涤、干燥，称量所得固体质量为b g；        ④取一定质量的上述氧化铜固体和一定质量的氯酸钾固体，混合均匀后加热，收集反应生成的氧气，如图所示。              请回答下列问题：    （1）上述各步操作中，需要用到玻璃棒的是（填写前面所述实验步骤的序号）                                                              。    （2）由胆矾制备氧化铜的产率（实际产量与理论产量的百分比）为           ×100%。    （3）为保证Cu2+沉淀完全，步骤①中溶液的pH应大于10。简述pH试纸测定溶液pH         的操作：                                                        。    （4）为证明氧化铜在氯酸钾的分解反应中起催化作用，在上述实验①~④后还应该进行          的实验操作是（按实验先后顺序填写字母序号）                             。 a．过滤         b．烘干        c．溶解       d．洗涤       e．称量    （5）但有的同学认为，还必须另外再设计一个实验才能证明氧化铜在氯酸钾受热分解的 实验中起催化作用。你认为还应该进行的另一个实验是                                                                                                。         高三定时练习9 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13                   26、（1）在周期表中位于      周期，      族； （2）离子半径由大到小的顺序是（填写离子符号）                     ； （3）晶体类型是                ，用电子式表示其形成过程                           ； （4）离子方程式为                                                               ；化学方程式为                                                               。 27、（1）A不可能是________________。    （2）B的化学式为______       ______；理由是（用必要的文字和离子方程式表示）______________________________________                                    ___，操作方法是_____                                        _______________________ _____                                        _______________________          。 （3）B的化学式为_______            ______，X的化学式可能为（写出不同类物质）_________或_________，反应①的离子方程式为______________________                ______或_______________________                             _____。 28、（1）含氧官能团的名称为___________________________________________。 （2）可以发生的反应是____________________________________（填写序号）。 （3）则咖啡酸的结构简式为_______________________________________。 （4）生成气体（标准状况）_______      _______mL。 （5）则咖啡酸跟该芳香醇在一定条件下反应生成CPAE的化学方程式为   _____________________________________________                         _____。 29、（1）上述各步操作中，需要用到玻璃棒的是（填写前面所述实验步骤的序号）                                                              。    （2）由胆矾制备氧化铜的产率（实际产量与理论产量的百分比）为           ×100%。    （3）简述pH试纸测定溶液pH的操作：                                                  。    （4）为证明氧化铜在氯酸钾的分解反应中起催化作用，在上述实验①~④后还应该进行          的实验操作是（按实验先后顺序填写字母序号）                             。 （5）你认为还应该进行的另一个实验是                                                                                                                                 。   试题详情 关 闭 试题分类 高中 数学英语物理化学生物地理 初中 数学英语物理化学生物地理 小学 数学英语 其他 阅读理解答案已回答习题未回答习题题目汇总试卷汇总