物质的量与阿伏加德罗常数
考点聚焦
1．掌握物质的量、摩尔质量、物质的量浓度、气体摩尔体积的涵义。
2．理解阿佛加德罗常数的涵义。
3．掌握物质的量与微粒(原子、分子、离子等)数目，气体体积(标准状况)之间的相互关系。
4．掌握有关物质的量、气体摩尔体积、溶液的物质的量浓度的计算。
知识梳理
江苏省丹阳高级中学2008-2009学年度高二期中考试
英语试卷
第一卷（客观题，共95分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the two speakers talking now?
A. In a car B. On a bike C. In a train
2. What did the doctor advise the woman to do?
A. Take more sugar B. Lose weightC. Take medicine
3. How much does the man need to pay for two bottles of orange juice?
A. 3 dollars B. 4 dollars C. 6 dollars
4. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Friends B. Mother and son C. Husband and wife
5. What does the man mean?
A. The new classmate has been here for 3 days.
B. He hasn’t seen the new classmate for 3 days.
C. There are three new classmates all together.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. When does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the morning B.
In the afternoon C.
At
7. How many people will come with the woman for lunch?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5
8. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will meet a visitor in the restaurant.
B. The restaurant serves lunch
until
C. The woman doesn’t know the restaurant well.
听下面一段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. Why hasn’t David seen Jessie lately?
A. Because he has been absent from school.
B. Because he has been busy with the study.
C. Because he has been on a summer vacation.
10. Who will go camping according to the dialogue?
A. David and Jessie B. Jessie and her brother C. David and his brother
11. What does Jessie think of camping?
A. It’s cheap and wonderful B. It’s wonderful but unsafe C. It is worthwhile but tiring
听下面一段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. How many books are there in the library?
A. Over 1 million B. About 2 million C. Over 3 million
13. What is the building to the south of the library?
A. New office building for senior high school.
B. New classroom building for senior high school.
C. New dormitory building for junior high school.
14. Where is the swimming pool located?
A. To the east of the library.
B. In the middle of the school.
C. To the north of the library.
听下面一段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Strangers B. Classmates C. Colleagues
16. How often do the buses run?
A. About every fifteen minutes. B. About every ten minutes. C. About every five minutes.
17. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is new to
听下面一段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why will the speaker put in new light fixtures?
A. Because the old lights don’t light up very well.
B. Because the old lights are all out of fashion.
C. Because there are not enough lights in the house.
19. What will the new addition include?
A. A family room and a dining area.
B. A living room and a dining area.
C. A deck and a living room.
20. What can we learn from the talk?
A. A backdoor will be added to the house.
B. The speaker intends to replace the roof.
C. The speaker plans to replace a part of the carpets.
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节: 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. ---Can the young girl take charge of the computer company?
---I’m afraid it’s _________ her ability.
A. to B. of C. beyond D. within
22. Intelligence doesn’t mean success. You need to work hard as well.
A．honestly B．comparatively C．simply D．necessarily
23. When valuable, those books enjoyed great success.
A．having found B．found C．being found D．to be found
24. After his _________ of the new mobile phone, the college graduate felt wild with joy.
A. acquisition B. invitation C. concentration D. distinction
25. I’d rather read than watch television, because the programs seem _________ all the time.
A. get worse B. to have got worse
C. that it is getting worse D. to be getting worse
26. ________ feels good to have a hot bath after a day’s hard work.
A. That B. It C. This D. What
27. Scientists say it will be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. that C. before D. when
28. Does it never ________ to you that I may beat him in the game?
A. happen B. handle C. think D. occur
29. It
was already past
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. predicted
30. ________ to the left at the crossroads, and you will see the railway station on your right.
A. Turn B. Turning C. If you turn D. To turn
31. It would _________ if John helped with the housework that we are to finish this afternoon.
A. make a difference B. make sure
C. take into consideration D. keep in mind
32. I’m sending an e-mail to my friend ________ he will give me a hand in the project.
A. in the hope of B. in order to C. in the hope that D. in order of
33. Time _________, we will go shopping in the supermarket.
A. permitted B. permits C. permitting D. having been permitted
34. Are there any difficulties that have _________ from the change of the plan?
A. raised B. rose C. found D. arisen
35. The audience _________ the exits when the alarm was sounded.
A. made up B. made for C. took up D. took for
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She __36__ John very much. In her eyes he couldn’t do anything __37__. Every morning she would give him breadkfst__38__bed and bring him the papers to read. It isn't really true that he was too__39__to work-in fact he had tried a few__40__. First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to__41__at least six windows. Then he__42__a bus conductor and on his second__43__a passenger stole his bag with all the fares（车费）collected. He even lost his job as a postman__44__he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to people's houses. It seemed that there was__45__suitable work for him. So he__46__to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so__47__about this that she told the news to all her neighbours. “My John is good to be a soldier,” she said. “He is going to be the best soldier there__48__was, I can tell you!”
Then the great day came__49__he was to march past the palace in the parade（接受检阅的队伍）.His__50__mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good__51__in the crowd.
The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his __52__ came in sight some of the people watching __53__ laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the other as they marched along.
But Ella Fant, who was filled with __54__, shouted at the top of her voice: “Look at them! They’re all out of __55__ except my John! Isn’t he the best!”
36. A. depended on B. waited on C. trusted D. loved
37. A. wrong B. great C. good D. strange
38. A. to B. at C. in D. by
39. A. lazy B. young C. weak D. shy
40. A. ones B. years C. tasks D. jobs
41. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean
42.A. followed B. met C. became D. found
43.A. day B. try C. route D. chance
44.A. even if B. so that C. because D. though
45.A. some B. such C. less D. no
46.A. began B. promised C. managed D. decided
47.A. excited B. worried C. anxious D. curious
48.A. yet B. ever C. never D. just
49.A. where B. since C. when D. till
50.A. proud B. kind C. strict D. lucky
51.A. time B. position C. experience D. impression
52.A. neighbours B. army officer C. mother D. fellow soldiers
53.A. couldn't help B. shouldn't burst out C. stopped D. kept
54.A. sadness B. happiness C. surprise D. regret
55.A. sight B. order C. mind D. step
第三部分：（I）阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
【A】
It’s great fun to explore new places ? it feels like an adventure, even when you know you’re not the first to have been there. But make sure not to get lost or waste time going round in circles.
●Do the map reading if you’re being driven somewhere. It’ll be easier if you keep turning the map so it follows the direction you’re traveling in. keep looking ahead so that you can give the driver lots of warning before having to make a turn, or you’ll have to move to the back seat.
●Get a group of friends together and go exploring. You’ll need a good map, a compass (指南针) a raincoat, a cell phone to call for help in case you get lost, and a bit of spare cash for emergencies (应急现金). Tell someone where you’re going before you set out and let them know what time you expect to be back. The test is in not getting lost, not in seeing how fast you can go, so always stick together, waiting for slower friends to catch up.
●See if your school or a club organizes orienteering activities, in which you need a map and a compass to find your way. This can be done as a sport, with teams trying to find the way from A to B (and B to C etc) in the fastest time, or simply as spare?time activity. Either way, it’s not only good fun, but a great way to keep fit.
56．Sitting beside the driver, you should .
A．direct the driver when necessary
B．look ahead to see where there’s a turn
C．move to the back seat if feeling uncomfortable
D．keep looking at the map to find a place to go to
57．Why do you need to tell someone your exploration plan before setting out?
A．To get information when in danger.
B．To be saved in case of an accident.
C．To share the fun with him/her in exploration.
D．To tell him/her what’s going on with the group members.
58．Orienteering activities can .
A．make people work fast
B．help people stay healthy
C．help people organize other activities
D．make people get prepared for sports
【B】
Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
59．What is true about children when they play games?
A．They can stop playing any time they like.
B．They can test their personal abilities.
C．They want to pick a better team.
D．They don’t need rules.
60．To become a leader in a game the child has to .
A．play well
B．wait for his turn
C．be confident in himself
D．be popular among his playmates
61．Why does a child like playing games?
A．Because he can be someone other than himself.
B．Because he can become popular among friends.
C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
62．The writer believes that .
A．children should make better rules for their games.
B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them.
C．children’s games can do them a lot of good
D．children play games without reasons
【C】
Most rain forests lie to the equator(赤道), where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine．The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain．The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year．This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow, so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round．The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate．They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves．The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke．These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth．
Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls．Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins．Thus these areas are known as the "monsoon forest"．
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains．It is often called the "cloud forest" because clouds often hang over the trees like fog．
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees．Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds．When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals' stomachs and are passed out in their droppings．The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees．
63．The climate of the rain forests near the equator is ________．
A．mild, wet and windy
B．hot, rainy and foggy
C．hot, wet and cloudy
D．warm, wet and sunny
64．We can learn from the passage that ________．
A．tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest
B．there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains
C．clouds help the plants in the rain forests near the deserts to grow
D．the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees
65．According to the passage, ________ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds．
A．animals
B．droppings
C．fruits
D．winds
66．This passage is most likely to be found in _________．
A．a travel guide
B．a story book
C．a technical report
D．a geographical book
【D】
Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes(笛子), used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages, until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.
The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known, to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders (不速之客).
“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can't earn a living for fear of arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”
Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in prison. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets, hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them an easy target for police.
The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners(从业者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school, "he said. "Now it's hard to earn even f, 1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it s become impossible.
Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.
More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countryman that angers many snake charmers.
"'We're disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us," said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.
67. According to the passage, snake charmers will be retrained as wildlife teachers mainly because______.
A. schools need large numbers of such teachers
B. most of them cannot support their families
C. their performances on the street are banned
D. the government plans to save the dying art
68. The purpose of the proposed "dial a snake charmer" telephone service is ______.
A. to give performance of snake dancing
B. to teach householders how to catch and kill snakes
C. to offer cleaning service to wealthy householders
D. to help remove unwanted snakes from the houses
69. The word "clandestinely" in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by the word "_______"
A. secretly
B. publicly
C. attentively
D. diligently
70. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Snake charmers can easily be recognized by the police on the street.
B. Children of snake charmers would not like to continue their fathers' job.
C. Snake charmers are quite angry with the attitude of their fellow countrymen.
D. The animal rights activists take a negative attitude towards snake charmers.
（II）任务型阅读: （共10小题；满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。每个空格一个单词。
What do you usually use your cell-phone for? Calling friends or sending them text messages?
As technology develops, nowadays cell-phones can do much more than that. They have become an all-in-one device.
A typical example is Apple’s Phone. The touch-screen cell-phone plays music, connects to the Web, sends e-mail and takes photos. More than 1 million Apple’s Phones have been sold since it was launched in June.
“Today’s young people enjoy using all kinds of digital
functions, such as those of a music player, a camera and even a computer,
constantly. An all-in-one device is easy to carry. That is the goal of
developing a technology to make our lives more convenient, simple and relaxed,”
said Professor Ding Shouqian at
However, the all-in-one cell-phones come with some problems. Users have complained that they are too complicated to use, and that their battery life is too short. Cell-phone producers say that they are working hard to make their phones even better.
It’s very convenient to use it. “We are trying to make the cell-phones in a way that people can quickly move from phoning to taking pictures and listening to music,” said Alastair Curtis, Nokia’s chief designer. “If you look at the Nokia 3250 model, it has a twisting bottom. So you twist it half a turn, and it’s in camera mode. You twist it another 90 degrees, and the alpha-numeric(字母和数字的) keys have disappeared and the music keys are there.” Japanese companies such as Toshiba and Fujitsu are also working to develop a new battery for mobile phone.
If all the problems are solved in the future, all-in-one phones will change our lives for the better.
(71)___▲__
It can play music.
It is (72) ___▲____to the Web.
It can (73) ___▲____ e-mails.
It can also be used as a (74)____▲___.
（75）___▲___
It’s easy to carry.
It can make our lives more (76) ___▲___,simple and relaxing.
Problems
The cell-phones are not (77) ___▲___ to use.
Their battery doesn’t (78) ___▲___long.
Ways to solve the problems
Make it easy and (79) ___▲___to move from one mode to another.
The companies make better batteries that last(80)___▲___.
（请将本题答案写在下一页的指定位置！）
班级___________姓名____________________学号___________
任务型阅读答案：
71. _________________ 72. _________________ 73. ________________ 74. ________________
75.__________________ 76. _________________ 77. __________________ 78. ________________
79. __________________ 80. _________________
第二卷（共25分）
第四部分：写作（共三节，满分25分）
第一节：单词拼写。正确理解句意并根据首字母或中文提示，拼写出单词的正确形式，每个空格一个单词。（每空格1分，满分10分）。
1. With people’s
living standard being raised, more and more p___________________ cars are
springing up in
2. He once a month
goes to
f __________________ visitor to
the
3. The
KFC tasted so nice and delicious to mouth that it soon gained p__________________
across
4. They
have had to p____________________ going to
5. It seemed that the car had deliberately v___________________ the traffic regulations, which drew the attention of the police.
6. The number of thefts of ___________________ (车辆，运输工具) has risen by a third in the last three years.
7. He has invested a lot of money in the stock market, and therefore he shows great concern about current ___________________ (事务，事情).
8. The tablets will work more ______________________ (有效地) if you take a hot drink after them.
9. Another team consisting of 11 members was sent to the earthquake stricken areas, including an ______________________(建筑师).
10. The strong smell of cigarette smoke _____________________ (确认) what he had said: there had been a meeting minutes before.
第二节 书面表达（1题，满分 15 分）
假如你叫Jack,你在自己的学校就“是否应该支持农民工进入城市”的问题进行了一次调查。下面是对部分学生调查的统计结果，请你参照该统计表给学校报刊写一篇英文调查报告，并简述你的观点。
有利之处
1.外地民工积极参与城市各行各业的工作，为城市的发展做出了贡献。
2.他们从事的大部分是又累又脏甚至是危险的工作，如清洁工、保姆、建筑工等等。
不利之处
1. 城市更加拥挤。
2. 乱扔垃圾，影响城市卫生。
3. 带来了安全问题。
你的观点
？
注意：1. 不要逐条翻译，但可适当发挥。
2. 文章的格式已给出。
3. 单词数：150左右。
4. 参考词汇：1.农民工
migrant workers 2.当保姆 babysitting
Dear editor,
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Yours truly,
Jack
II. 单项选择： 21―25 CDBAD 26―30 BCDBA 31―35 ACCDB
III. 完形填空： 36―40 DACAD 41―45 CCACD 46―50 DABCA 51―55 BDABD
IV. 阅读： 【A】56―58 ABB 【B】59―62 ABAC 【C】63―66 DC AD 【D】67―70 DDAB
V. 任务型阅读: 71. Functions 72. connected 73. deliver / send 74. camera 75. Advantages
76. convenient 77. easy 78. last 79. quick 80. longer
VI. 单词拼写： 1. affairs 2. frequent 3. popularity 4. postpone 5. private
6. vehicles 7. violated 8. efficiently 9. architect 10. confirmed
VII. 书面表达：
Dear editor,
Recently we’ve conducted a survey on whether to support migrant workers in their moving to cities. Here is a brief report about it.
On one hand, migrant workers do play a very important role in the development of cities. They are actively involved in various kinds of jobs. In particular, they just do jobs such as cleaning, babysitting, and building, which are usually tiring, dirty even dangerous to their health and life. But these jobs are necessary and basic.
On the other hand, with more and more migrant workers coming in, the city is becoming more and more crowded. Also, the transport is much busier than before. To make matters worse, some of them don’t pay much attention to the cleanness and like littering everywhere, making the streets very dirty. The worst of all is that some even turn thieves if they cannot find any suitable jobs.
As far as I’m concerned, migrant workers have made great contributions to the development of big cities. Without them, we won’t have so many high-rise buildings. But if they can be well educated, it will be better for all of us.
Yours truly,
Jack