浙江省金丽衢十二校2009年高三联考
理科综合能力测试卷
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。满分300分，考试时间150分钟。
相对原子质量H：1 C1：2 O：16 S：32 Na：23 K：39 Fe：56 Cu：64
第I卷（选择题 共126分）
邢台市2009年高三年级模拟考试
英 语 试 题
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，总分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名等信息按要求填在答题卡指定位置。
3．选择题每小题选出答案后，涂在答题卡对应位置，答在试题卷上无效。
4．非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔或黑色水钢笔直接答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。考试结束后，只上交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共95分)
第一部分 英语知识运用(满分50分)
第一节 语音知识(每小题1分，满分5分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：have A．gave B．save C．hat D．made(答案是C)
1．breathe A．wealth B．worthy C．through D．theme
2．village A．necklace B．bathe C．entrance D．operate
3．bank A．noodle B．dining C．blanket D．plain
4．heat A．creation B．mean C．measure D．break
5．shock A．pollution B．lose C．total D．possible
第二节 语法和词汇知识(每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants．(答案是B)
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever
6．―Sorry to have kept you waiting for so long．
―Oh, ．
A．got if B．go ahead C．that's life D．don't say that
7．On May 12，2008，earthquake shook Wenchuan， city in Sichuan Province．
A．an；a B．the；the C．an；the D．／；the
8．―We to put off our school sports meet until next month．
―I that．
A．decided；didn't expect B．haven't decided；haven't expected
C．have decided；didn't expect D．decide；haven't expected
9．Don't worry，sir! All payments be made by the end d the month．
A．ought B．shall C．can D．must
10．I can't spare any ink for you，for，you see，I have myself．
A．nothing B．no one C．no D．none
11．The managers of the Human Resource Department find Tom for the job, skills and patience．
A．didn't fit；which calls for B．unfit；which calls for
C．unfit；who lack D．didn't fit；who lack
12． contributes to good health is a balanced diet and regular exercise．
A．As B．How C．What D．That
13．She became an actress in her teens but it was nearly 20 years she became famous．
A．after B．before C．when D．since
14．I'm trying to be the kind of teacher that the students will ．
A．look up to B．live up to C．watch out for D．put up with
15．I would have told you the news，but I too busy．
A．had been B．were C．have been D．was
16．The picture of my lovely son memories of my childhood．
A．called up B．turned up C．called on D．reminded
17． student you are，you can't work out the problem in such a short time．
A．Whatever clever B．However clever C．However clever a D．Whatever clever a
18． your composition carefully，some common mistakes can he avoided．
A．Having checked B．Check C．If you check D．Checking
19．―What do you think made John so unhappy all those days?
― the entrance examination．
A．Because he failed B．That he failed C．She failed D．Because of failing
20．The roles the women are in society are greater and greater．
A．taking B．working C．reaching D．playing
第三节 完形填空(每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 10th grade，the pressure to do well made me feel frightened．Everyone was 21 test scores and papers．I began to feel totally 22 about my ability．I felt like everyone was 23 than me，and if I didn't 24 better than okay，I'd never get into college．
Two weeks before the end of year，the finals schedule was 25 ．I fell into a kind of crazy mode(情绪)．I decided the 26 to success would be to stay up every night and 27 everything I hadn't learned during the term．
But I fell 28 instead．
I tried to study，but I was so seared of 29 and I drank many cups of coffee． When I went to school during the day I was too 30 of trying to remember algebraic formulas(代数公式)and important dates．
One morning，my friend Andrea 31 I was sleeping in class and told me I should 32 diet pills(减肥药)to stay 33 ．She gave me some．
After a week，I became a complete mess． When the last exam was 34 ，I started walking home in a daze(恍惚)．When I finally got home，I 35 for 17 hours．
By some miracle(奇迹)， I 36 all my exams．I guess I paid more 37 in class than I'd thought．I wish I could say I studied really hard and got 38 scores after that，but I didn't．Although I 39 took pills again to study，learning to deal with 40 well is something I'm still working on today．
21．A．preparing B．comparing C．talking D．practicing
22．A．excited B．sorry C．nervous D．confident
23．A．faster B．harder C．stronger D．smarter
24．A．do B．feel C．work D．get
25．A．delayed B．delivered C．appeared D．posted
26．A．answer B．cause C．reason D．purpose
27．A．write B．memorize C．recite D．question
28．A．impatient B．ill C．relaxed D．asleep
29．A．studying B．learning C．failing D．trying
30．A．tired B．afraid C．proud D．busy
31．A．realized B．watched C．noticed D．learned
32．A．try B．eat C．buy D．use
33．A．calm B．awake C．healthy D．quiet
34．A．up B．over C．due D．on
35．A．played B．worked C．stayed D．slept
36．A．failed B．saved C．did D．passed
37．A．money B．time C．attention D．energy
38．A．first B．many C．high D．low
39．A．always B．never C．still D．just
40．A．pressure B．lessons C．pills D．tests
第二部分 阅读理解(满分45分)
第一节(每小题2分，共40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When today's moms and dads were kids，exploring nature meant creating an ant farm or making a mud pie．But with hot topics like environment，green and organic，today's little kids will need to become little environmentalists．It's time to get started in the backyard．
“Nature Discovery in My Backyard”is the first book in a series of children's books by The Little Environmentalists．LLC．The book is written for preschoolers and early readers． This picture book follows a little girl discovering what everyone sees，when they stop to look and smell the roses．A falling leaf，a beautiful flower or grass under feet become nature lessons．
“Children will smell，hear，feel and see their way through their own backyard nature discovery，”explains Rebecca Mattano，creator of “The Little Environmentalists”．“Each page gives a new and special look into nature with colorful pictures．It not only teaches but challenges children to find all that nature shows．”
To help parents and educators with their“green”lessons，the book gives tips on nature for every season of the year．Interesting educational facts on plants and animals are introduced in the back of the book．How many adults can name the animal family that the groundhog(土拨鼠)is in? You might be surprised to learn that it's the squirrel family．
The groundhog digs its home underground．They dig about 700 pounds of soil out of the ground when they are making their homes and can finish this in one day．They are in the squirrel family．
“My hope is for these books to build environmental knowledge，”adds Mattano．
The book introduces plenty of easy-to-do outdoor activities led by teachers and parents．
41．“The Little Environmentalists”may be
A．children who love nature． B．a company that publishes books．
C．an organization which cares for environment．
D．the name of a series of children's books．
42．Which of the following sentences describing the book is Not true?
A．Each page of the book is offered colorful pictures．
B．You can learn a lot about plants and animals by the facts in the back of the book．
C．The book can help children to get close to every season of the year．
D．teachers and parents can not learn a variety of outdoor activities from the book
43．The author wrote the passage in order to
A．help teenagers to find the beauty of nature．
B．teach children environmental knowledge．
C．introduce Nature Discovery in My Backyard
D．give a new and special look into nature．
44．In which part will you probably find the passage in a newspaper?
A．Book Review B．Animal World C．Stories D．Activities
B
Susan Dahl had spent four months homeless in Colorado and just been on a painful 10-hour bus trip through ice and snow．Hungry and broke，she was anxious to get back to family in Minnesota．That's when a tall man in a red coat and red hat sat next to her at the downtown bus station，talked to her quietly and then gave her $100 on that December afternoon．The man was doing the work of Larry Stewart，Kansas City's original Secret Santa who wandered city streets handing out $100 bills to those who looked like they needed money．Stewart died of cancer at the age 58 earlier this year，but his spirit lives on．“Here's a $100 bill … and this is in memory of Larry Stewart，”said Dahl,56．
During about a quarter century， Stewart quietly gave out more than $1.3 million to people in streets，restaurants，bus stations，shelters and markets，saying it was his way of giving back at Christmas for all the wealth and generosity(慷慨)he had received in his lifetime．For years，Stewart did not want his name known or want thanks，but last December he acknowledged who he was and used his last few months while battling cancer to press his message of kindness toward others．He even trained some friends in the ways of Secret Santa．This Christmas，a friend who told Stewart in the hospital that he would carry on for him is out on the streets，handing out $100 bills，each one stamped with“Larry Steward，Secret Santa”Between Kansas City and several other cities this Christmas，the new Secret Santa will give away $75,000 of his own money，mostly in $100 bills．
“I didn't want to be a Secret Santa，”said the man，a businessman who lives in the Kansas City area．“I wanted to give Larry money．But last year he said I had to hand it out myself．So I did and got hooked．Anyone can be Secret Santa，”he says．“You don't have to give away $100．You can give away kindness．Help someone．”
45．We can learn from the passage that Larry Stewart
A．lived in Kansas city of the US B．gave away $1,300,000 openly
C．died of heart attack in hospital D．was fifty-six years old this year
46．The underlined word“broke”in Paragraph 1 probably means
A．very tired B．having no clothes C．having no money D．not feeling well
47．why did Larry Stewart's friend hand out $100 bill in the street?
A．He wanted to be a Secret Santa B．Larry Stewart asked him to do so
C． He was a very rich businessman D．He wanted to thank Stewart
48．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Secret Santa’s spirit lives on B．Help anyone who is in trouble
C．give $ 100 to whoever wants it. D．The gift from Santa.
C
In most situations ，light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution.
It stops us from seeing some of life’s most beautiful sights：stars，planets, and even galaxies(星系).”When I was a little boy , I loved the night sky,” recalls Robert Gent of the International Dark-Sky Association, an organization working to reduce light pollution.
“I remember looking up and the sky was full of stars ,and I asked , ‘How many are there? How far away are they? Can we visit them? ’ I became an astronomer because I was amazed by their beauty, ”he says .” Now in most big cities kids can’t see the stars like I did.”
Normally ，about2,500 stars can be seen by the human eyes without using any special equipment. But because of light pollution，today you actually see just 200 to 300 from suburbs, and fewer than 12 from cities.
Fortunately, there is a solution that is inexpensive and has benefits right away ， says Gent. “If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky ， and use lower brightness levels , we can save enormous amounts of energy and enjoy the beauty of the night skies.”
Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night ，making sure of enough shine for safety without creating a lot of light pollution.
Light pollution does harm to more than our view of the heavens. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife.
Migrating birds(候鸟)sometimes fly over cities and become confused by the brightness, flying in circles until they drop from extreme tiredness. Sea turtles need dark beaches for nesting and won’t nest near bright lights. Too much light at night may even affect human health, scientists are still learning more.
For all these reasons ，researchers are working on ways to use lights only when and where they are truly needed.
49．Today, people can't see the stars like before exactly they can see ______stars now.
A．about 2,500 B．just 200 C．less than 300 D．fewer than 12
50．We can infer from the passage that ________
A．light pollution has few bad effects on wildlife
B．too much lights will destroy sea turtle’s nests
C．kids now have less imagination towards the skies than their fathers.
D．shining the lights up into skies is a good way to solve the light pollution.
51．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Robert Gent showed great interest in the skies full of stars , which made him become an astronomer.
B．With more harm found in the future , there is still a long way fight against light pollution.
C．The International Dark-Sky Association is aimed at reducing light pollution.
D．Laws limiting lights at night have passed and saved light pollution successfully.
D
Make a five-minute film and win!
Do you love the summer holidays but hate being bored? Then why don’t you enter the Film Street Summer Shorts Competition by making a short film this summer with your family and friends?
What you have to do
To enter the competition, you have to make a short film that is around 5 minutes long (It can be shorter but not longer!) on a digital camera, or mobile phone.
Awards
The best short film entered into our competition will be shown in Film Street’s Cinema and you’ll win a Cineworld Cinemas pass for yourself and three more for other members of your filmmaking crew(演职员). If you have a Cineworld Cinema pass, you can watch as many films as you like for a year, for free, at any Cineworld Cinema!
Rules
◆We can't show films that tell others about either your, or any other kid’s name or address.
◆We can't show films that hurt , harm or insult(侮辱)other people.
◆We can't show films that have bad language.
Copyright checklist(版权清单)
Getting permission to use someone else’s work in your film can be expensive, so check your film to make sure that：
◆Your film is original and you haven’t copied someone else.
◆There are no scenes of branding(商标)on shop sights, books , magazines or CDs.
◆There are no scenes of someone else’s artwork.
Address and Date
Post your finished film on tape, CD or DVD by Monday ，October 1st ,2007 to:
Film Street Summer Shorts Competition
First Light Movies
Unit 6 , Third Floor , The Bond
B5 5SE
So what's stopping you? Start making your Film Street Summer short now!
52．Who is the passage written for?
A．Children. B．Parents. C．Teachers D．Actors.
53．How many Cineworld Cinemas passes will the winner of the competition be awarded in all?
A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four
54．From the third paragraph we can learn that ________
A．the winner's short film can be shown in any cinema
B．the competition is held by Cineworld Cinemas
C．the winner can watch films for free for one year at any Cineworld Cinema
D．the winner will be paid for his short film
55．The underlined word “original” is closest in meaning to ________
A．interesting enough B．full of exciting moments
C．good for children D．made by yourself
E
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr Kim has a new explanation . He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work , you may say that you’re “hot.” That’s true . The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(高峰). For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For other it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so , but it leads to such familiar words as :”Get up .John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help .Dr Kim believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway . Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to . If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day , rise before your usual hour . This won’t change your cycle , but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy . Get up with a leisurely yawn(哈欠)and your body stretching. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do usual work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or attention for your shaper hours.
56．If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _______
A．he is a lazy person B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low D．he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
57．Which of the follow may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A．Unknowing of energy cycle.
B．Understanding the energy cycle.
C．A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
58．If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______
A．change his energy cycle B．overcome his laziness
C．get up earlier than usual D．go to bed earlier
59．You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ___________
A．enable you to fix your attention on your work
B．help you to control your temper early in the day
C．keep your energy cycle under control all day
D．help to keep your energy for the day’s word
60．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A．getting off to work with a minimum effort helps people save their energy.
B．Dr Kim explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C．Habit can help people adapt to their own energy cycles.
D．Children, like the adults , have energy cycles, too.
第二节(每小题1分，共5分)根据对话内容， 从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
M：Welcome back! I didn't see you in the history class on Friday.
W： 61 My geography class went on a field trip to look at some of the different rocks.
M：Really? 62 Where did you go?
W：A desert . It gets hot during the day , but it cools off very quickly at night. 63
M：Well, did you enjoy the trip?
W：Of course I did , Since there are so few plants growing there ,it’s very easy to see different rocks.
M： 64 You must call me if you have the chance to go there again.
W：No problem. 65
A：I really want to go there.
B：That sounds excellent!
C：I will be your guide next time.
D：It is very dry there after the sun goes down.
E；I'm tired of this trip.
F：I wasn't here on Friday.
G：We learnt a lot from this trip.
第Ⅱ卷（选择题，共55分）
第三部分 写作（满分55分）
第一节 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据下列句子及所给单词的汉语注释，在句子右边的横线上写出各单词的正确形式。（每空只写一词）
66．It is very (方便)to pay by credit card. 66．
67．December is the (十二)month of the year. 67．
68．There are a lot of (图书馆)in big cities. 68．
69．Next (星期六),some foreigners will visit our school. 69．
70．We take great (骄傲)in offering the best service in town. 70．
71．Are you (熟悉)with the computer software they use? 71．
72．I suspect that he was dismissed for （政治）reasons. 72．
73．Upon (到达), we all got down to work. 73．
74．She looked beautiful on her (婚礼)day. 74．
75．My English is poor. I had some trouble ____(理解)the foreigners at the meeting.
75．
第二节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线一画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∨），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Some students are in low spirit when they don’t do 76．
well in the exams. They usually lose their heart and no longer 77．
study as hard as before . However , most students take a 78．
active attitude towards failure. They encourage them 79．
to be self-confident. They find out and analyzed the causes 80．
of their failure so that will no longer make similar mistakes. 81．
I agree those with active attitudes, As we all 82．
know it , failure is the mother of success, Even great men 83．
had failed many times before they succeeded. 84．
And we must deal with our failure correct. 85．
第三节 书面表达（满分30分）
假如你是李华，收到你的美国笔友（Hank Stram）的电子邮件，他说在五一期间要和他的父母来北京旅游，他听说长城很雄伟，他想先参观长城再参观其它名胜。你用e-mail回复他。
提示：1．你告诉他可以乘公交车去长城。
2．你告诉他五一期间游客众多，注意安全。且天气多变，要带点药品以防感冒。
3．你还可以向他介绍北京的其它著名景点（如颐和园、鸟巢the Bird’s Nest、水立方the Water Cube等）。
4．110语左右。
5．开头和结尾已给出，请抄写到答题纸相应的区域。
Dear Hank,
How are you!
Yours,
Li Hua
生物：对激素热点考题的归纳分析
对激素热点考题的归纳分析
为了帮助广大考生备考“激素分泌的调节和相关激素间的作用”这一考点,笔者对各地的模拟试题及近年的相关高考题加以分析比较,从而归纳概括出以下三类题型的创新与预测。
[例题1]取正常小鼠，每天饲喂一定量的甲状腺激素，3周后，该小鼠（ ）
A．新陈代谢增强，促甲状腺激素含量增加
B．新陈代谢增强，促甲状腺激素含量减少
C．新陈代谢减弱，促甲状腺激素含量增加
D．新陈代谢减弱，促甲状腺激素含量减少
[研析]本题考查的知识点是动物体内甲状腺激素的功能及其激素的反馈调节。动物体内甲状腺激素的主要功能是：促进新陈代谢和生长发育，尤其对中枢神经系统的发育和功能具有重要影响，提高神经系统得兴奋性。当体内血液中甲状腺激素含量超过正常值时，通过反馈调节会抑制下丘脑和垂体的活动，垂体所分泌的促甲状腺激素的含量则会减少。
[答案] B。
[点击]对于甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素之间的关联是学生容易搞混的地方。学生应该搞清楚，正常情况下，首先是促甲状腺激素影响着甲状腺激素的合成和分泌，其次，甲状腺激素反过来又会影响促甲状腺激素的合成和分泌。当甲状腺激素含量在血液中过高时，就是一个典型的反馈调节，促甲状腺激素含量将会减少，从而会减少甲状腺激素的合成和分泌，使甲状腺激素含量在血液中趋于一个稳定值。
[创新?预测1] 下图表示甲状腺活动调节的示意图。对这一调节的描述错误的是（ ）
A．X与Y结构分别表示下丘脑和垂体
B．a与b物质分别表示促甲状腺激素释放激素和促甲状腺激素
C．Z结构的活动只受Y结构的控制
D．血液中的甲状腺激素含量起着反馈调节的作用
[答案] C 甲状腺激素的分泌调节属于反馈调节。当寒冷等刺激影响下，下丘脑的一些细胞能合成并分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素，促进垂体活动合成并分泌促甲状腺激素，促甲状腺激素又能刺激甲状腺合成并分泌甲状腺激素，从而促进新陈代谢，以使机体抵御寒冷等刺激。但当血液中甲状腺激素的含量增加一定程度时，会抑制下丘脑和垂体的活动，使促甲状腺激素释放激素和促甲状腺激素的合成和分泌减少，从而使血液中甲状腺激素含量不致过高。本题就是对这一知识点的考查，因此A、B、D项属于正确的。另外甲状腺激素的分泌活动除了受垂体的调节外，还受血液中血糖浓度、其它激素和神经系统的调节。
[例题2]下图表示机体内生命活动调节的途径。下列说法错误的是（ ）
A．该图示可以说明神经系统可控制内分泌系统的活动
B．胰岛B细胞的分泌活动不受④过程的调节
C．如果感受器、①、下丘脑、⑦和内分泌腺组成机体内的某一反射活动的反射弧，则效应器为图中的的组织
D．如果图示中的内分泌腺为甲状腺，则⑥的增加可引起③和④的减少
[研析]本题所示的是神经调节和体液调节共同作用的图，两者之间，神经调节为主，并控制着体液调节。胰岛B细胞不受垂体控制，但受下丘脑的控制，图中⑦就可作为这个实例。如果感受器、①、下丘脑、⑦和内分泌腺组成机体内的某一反射活动的反射弧，则效应器为图中的内分泌腺，而不应该是图中的组织。甲状腺激素的调节是一个反馈调节，当其含量过高时，会减少促甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素释放激素的合成和分泌。
[答案] C。
[相关链接] 垂体、下丘脑在内分泌活动中的重要作用:垂体是人体重要的内分泌腺，它不仅本身能分泌多种激素，如生长激素直接调节控制生长发育、新陈代谢，而且能分泌几种激素如促甲状腺激素、促性腺激素，分别调节甲状腺、性腺等内分泌的活动。因此曾被称为“内分泌之王”。而垂体的活动又受下丘脑控制，下丘脑可以比喻为内分泌的“王中王”，是机体调节内分泌活动的总枢纽。它通过分泌促激素释放激素来调节控制垂体的活动，如分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素促进垂体合成分泌促甲状腺激素，还能分泌促性腺激素释放激素，促肾上腺激素释放激素等。下丘脑是中枢神经系统的一部分，本身能产生传导兴奋，其兴奋性受大脑皮层控制，因此它是神经调节和激素调节的联系枢纽。
[创新?预测2] （多选题）下图表示下丘脑神经分泌细胞、垂体细胞、甲状腺细胞及它们分泌的激素之间的关系。下列有关分析正确的有（ ）
A．激素A是促甲腺激素释放激素
B．当体内缺乏I元素时，将导致激素C的合成受阻
C．人遭遇危险而情绪紧张时血液中激素C的含量将会增加
D． 激素C与下丘脑分泌的生长激素之间存在协同作用
[答案]ABC 激素C为甲状腺激素，与生长激素之间有着协同作用。但生长激素是由垂体所分泌的，所以D选项错误。
[例题3]为探索影响动物体内甲状腺激素水平的相关因素，某研究性学习小组做了如下一些实验：
（l）实验一：取生长正常的成年雄鼠甲，对其体内甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素进行不间断检测。每隔3d对甲鼠的甲状腺做一次等量切除，其甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素水平如上图所示，请据图回答：
①图中曲线a表示的激素是 ，曲线b表示的激素是 。
②实验结果表明，在正常情况下，甲状腺细胞的分泌功能（产生的激素量）与甲状腺的体积成 关系。
③通过该实验，还可以给人启示，对于患 的病人可以实施手术治疗。
（2）实验二：取生长正常的成年雄鼠乙，每隔3d注射一次等量的促甲状腺激素释放激素，并测得其体内甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素含量的变化，总是先上升后下降，请分析产生这种生理变化的原因。
①当体内促甲状腺激素释放激素浓度升高时， 合成和分泌增多，进而刺激甲状腺合成和分泌甲状腺激素。
②当停止注射促甲状腺激素释放激素时，其体内过高的 就会抑制 和 的分泌活动，从而使相应的激素水平下降。
（3）为了验证碘是合成甲状腺激素的原料，某同学提出了这样一个实验方案：取生长状况相同的雄鼠丙和雌鼠丁，其中给丙鼠每天喂含碘的食物，丁鼠每天喂不含碘的等量的食物；两只鼠放在不同室内条件下饲养，一段时间后对两只鼠体内甲状腺激素水平进行测定。请改正该方案中的不足之处： 。
[研析]本题结合实验全面考查了学生对甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素之间关系的理解，以及考查了学生对实验基本操作规则的掌握程度。实验一中，由于切除甲状腺，那么甲状腺激素含量将会持续下降，促甲状腺激素含量将会持续增加。通过该实验可用于治疗甲亢病人的理论指导。实验二是探讨甲状腺激素的反馈调节。下丘脑分泌的促甲状腺激素释放激素，垂体分泌的促甲状腺激素会促进甲状腺激素的合成和分泌，同时甲状腺激素反过来又会影响下丘脑和垂体的活动。在实验设计方案中，该同学忽略了等量原则：实验用的老鼠性别应相同，培养的条件也应该相同，且有利于老鼠的生存。
[答案]（1）①促甲状腺激素 甲状腺激素 ②正相关 ③甲亢
（2）①促甲状腺激素 ②甲状腺激素 下丘脑 垂体
（3）①丙鼠和丁鼠的性别应相同 ②放在相同的适宜条件下饲养
[方法/技巧]1．配合题意，理解图的含义，理解图在解题中所起的重要作用。
2．紧扣图所给的信息回答题目，尽量不要偏离图形所反应出的知识点。
3．学科内知识会灵活应用，能触类旁通。
4．掌握必须的实验设计原则：等量原则、单一变量原则。
[创新?预测3] 下面是采用动物实验法和临床观察法，研究甲状腺的内分泌功能。分析结果，回答下列问题：
实验一：腺体制剂饲喂蝌蚪，结果蝌蚪发育加快，体型小。
实验二：摘除成年狗腺体，结果成年狗食欲不振、臃肿、呆笨、萎靡。
实验三：摘除小狗腺体，结果除上述症状外，发育停止。
临床四：地方性甲状腺肿症状是腺体肿大，劳动时心跳快、气短，以食盐加碘可以防治。
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减数分裂
如图所示，水平光滑的平行金属导轨，左端接有电阻R，匀强磁场B竖直向下分布在导轨所在的空间内，质量一定的金属棒PQ垂直导轨放置。今使棒以一定的初速度v0向右运动，当棒到达位置c时速度刚好为零。设导轨与棒的电阻均不计，ab=bc，则金属棒在由a到b和由b到c的两过程中（ ）
）∶1
知，两个阶段
相等，q应相同，B正确。这两个过程的时间不相等，所以磁通量的变化率
不相同，平均感应电流不相等，故C错。如果是匀变速直线运动，时间之比才为（
处电流不小于I0，选项A、C都错．答案：BD。
如图所示，在直径为D、电阻为R的细金属丝圆环区域内有一垂直于该圆环的变化磁场，其磁场的变化规律为
（k为大于零的常数），则以下说法正确的是 （ ）
时间内，通过金属圆环横截面的电荷量为
4．
，控制中心接收到线圈两端的电压信号u
，所以A在t1~t2时间内做匀加速直线运动，在t3~t4时间内还是做匀加速直线运动，在t1时刻有
，在t2时刻有
，在t1~t2时间内加速度大小为
，D项正确。答案：ACD。
、O转动，滑轮上绕一细线，线的一端系一质量为M的重物，另一端系一质量为m的金属杆．在竖直平面内有两根间距为L的足够长的平行金属导轨PQ、MN，在Q、N之间连接有阻值为R的电阻，其余电阻不计．磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场与导轨平面垂直．开始时金属杆置于导轨下端，将重物由静止释放，重物最终能匀速下降，运动过程中金属杆始终与导轨接触良好．
（2）对一定的磁感应强度B，取不同的质量M，测出相应的重物做匀速运动时的v值，得到实验图线如图乙所示，图中画出了磁感应强度分别为B1和B2时的两条实验图线。试根据实验结果计算比值
．
解得 
，
，所以
。
=
m/s 
T
s 
J 
3．在图中，MON是光滑的裸导线围成的线框，∠MON=60°，线框处在水平面内且置于竖直向下、磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中，裸导线ab与线框良好接触，接触点a、b与线框顶点O构成等边三角形，裸导线ab能在弹簧S的作用下沿线框匀速向左移动，运动到顶点O以后继续在光滑绝缘导轨上向左运动（绝缘导轨与光滑的裸导线围成的线框在同一水平面内，且光滑连接）；已知弹簧的平衡位置在O点，导线的初始位置处在弹簧的弹性限度内，弹簧的劲度系数为k，导线单位长度的电阻为r，裸导线ab的质量为m.
，
解析 （1）由于题目中待测电压表的量程为3V，内阻约为2000Ω，所以电压表中的最大电流为
，而给定的电流表A1的量程为0．
。
以上，因而无法准确测量通过电压表的电流，所以电流表不能用。
）；
；
；
（2）请画出实验原理图．
可知，只要能测出两组路端电压和电流即可，但题目中只给出两个电流表且其中一个电流表G的内阻已知，可以把内阻已知的电流表和定值电阻
串联改装成一个电压表。为了减少误差，滑动变阻器需选④
．
之间，现要测量其内阻，实验室提供下列可选用的器材：
则电流表选择Ａ1．
电流表A2（量程600 mA，内阻约为1Ω） ； 
（2）若选测量数据中的一组来计算电流表A1的内阻r1，则所用电流表A1的内阻r1表达式为r1 = ；式中各符号的意义是
。
解析 （1）加在待测电阻上的电压最大约等于电源的电动势，即为9V，而待测的电阻器Rx其阻值约在40～50Ω之间，此时通过其的最大电流约为225mA，为了测量有较高的精度，电流表应选用A1。
接线柱作为输入端，即电源通过这两个接线柱给滑动变阻器供电；然后再在图乙中选择电流表、待测电阻组成的电路，它们串连接在滑动变阻器的输出端上，应在滑动变阻器的上下两组接线柱中各选择一个组合成输出端，另外在接电流表时应注意接线柱的极性；最后将电压表并联在待测电阻两端，同样应注意接线柱的极性。这样整个电路就连接好了如图所示。