几种典型的英语作文开头引述方法
Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫）
[1] It is widely（commonly） accepted（hold）+THAT
[2] A widely accepted（commonly） hold idea（point of view，viewpoint， opinion，assumption）is +THAT/NP
[3] A/The dominant（prevalent， prevailing）idea（see [2]）is NP/to DO
[4] It is taken for granted+THAT（or：We often/frequently take it for granted THAT）
[5] People（The majority） seem to get accustomed to the idea（see [2]），without questioning，THAT
[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ
[7] People are willing to DO，while reluctant to DO
Type2提出异议
[1] However （But），…
[2] Such idea（see[1-2]），if not entirely ADJ1，is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
ADJI=unreasonable，unacceptable， inappropriate，improper，undesirable，etc；
ADJ2=misleading，doubtrul， etc
[3] In fact（As a matter of fact），…（follow[2]）
[4] However， it is not （quite， necessarily）the case.
[5] This （It） is not （quite， necessarily） the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.（or：further consideration/discussion）
Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折
[1] The reason lies in several aspects，
[2] The reason why+clause+[1， underlined]
[3] There are several remarkable reasons.
[4] 层进in addition， besides， fruthermore， what’s more， on the other hand， meanwhile， for one thing…for another； finally， above all， in short.
[5] 举例for example， for instance， such （general term） as （specific terms），a typical （striking） example is that， a case in point
[6] 转折however， but， nevertheless，on the contrary
[7] 条件if ， provided that， unless， as long as，etc
Type4 就…而言；关于
[1] as far as …is/are concemed： As far as current situation is concerned
[2] as t the problem as to NP有关…的问题
Type5问题
[1] Although much effort has been made， the situation is far from satisfactory （or： the problem remains unsolved， little improvement has been achieved）
[2] There is a tendency， as recent study （investigation） has pointed out （shown， revealed， indicated），+THAT
[3] There is growing concern about +NP
[4] It will inevitably （is likely to ）result in （lead to ） unwanted （serious） consequence （or NP）
[5] Unfortunately，…
[6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
[7] The process， once initiated， is most likely irreversible.
[8] We are constantly （frequently） faced with NP
TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视
[1] NP1 is of great importance （necessity， value） in NP2 （or： NP is of enormous significance）
[2] The importance （necessity） of NP （to do sth.） lies in （the fact） that…
[3] NP1 plays， as is known， an irreplaceably important role in NP2
[4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant （obvous）
[5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2
[6] It is important （necessary） to DO （or：THAT）
[7] Special attention should be pay to …（or： We should pay special attention to…）
[8] What we should take into consideration is +NP
Type7行动
[1]（immediate， emergent， effective） Measures are being taken （has been taken， should be taken） to DO
[3] We have made much effort， there is still more we need to make （cf. We have learnt a lot， there is much more we need to lea123）
Type8二择其一
[1] If it were left for me to decide whether （wh-clause），I would， without hesitation， choose+to DO （or： I would prefer the former/the latter）
[2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.
[3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.
[4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.
[5] In fact， we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.
[6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely
[7] （of two conflicting ideas， concepts） Though conflicting to one another， they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.
[8] The benefits of NP are varied…
[9]While disadvantages are unavoidable， it is the advantages that prevail.
给灾区的孩子们：高考英语核心词汇
1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更
2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂
3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)
4.blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸,炸掉
5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽
6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的
7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃
8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出
9.slip v. 滑动,滑落；忽略
10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片
11.bacteria n. 细菌
12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔
13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排
14.candidate n. 候选人
15.campus n. 校园
16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的
17.transform v. 转变,变革；变换
18.transmit v. 传播,播送；传递
19.transplant v. 移植
20.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具
21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变
22.vary v. 变化,改变；使多样化
23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见
24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心
26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的
27.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的；温柔的,味淡的
28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的
29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌（的人或事物）
30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的；无价值的
31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进
32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的；完全的
33.boundary n. 分界线,边界
34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住（车）
35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目
36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的
37.vain n. 徒劳,白费
38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的
39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的
40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商；动因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求
44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励
47.acquire vt. 取得,获得；学到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到达；实行
49.network n. 网状物；广播网,电视网；网络
50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流
51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的
52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹
53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨
54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛
55.wax n. 蜡
56.weave v. 织,编
57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持
61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待；谩骂
62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的
63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会
64. battery n. 电池（组）
65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏
66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物
67. career n. 生涯,职业
68. vessel n. 船舶；容器,器皿；血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的
70. oblige v. 迫使,责成；使感激
71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁
78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
79. decent a. 像样的,体面的
80. route n. 路；路线；航线
81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟
82. sake n. 缘故,理由
83. satellite n. 卫星
84. scale n. 大小,规模；等级；刻度
85. temple n. 庙宇
86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的
87. tend vi.易于,趋向
88. tendency n.趋向,趋势
89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端
90. undergo v. 经历,遭受
91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的
92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳
93. adapt vi. 适应,适合；改编,改写 vt. 使适应
94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位；单身汉
95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的；临时的；非正式的
96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的
98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器
99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的
100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学
101. organ n. 器官,风琴
102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩
103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出
104. expend v. 消费
105. expenditure n. 支出,消费；经费
106. expense n. 开销,费用
107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的
108. expand v. 扩大,扩张；展开,膨胀
109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充；发展,膨胀
110. private a. 私人的,个人的
111. individual a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体
112. personal a. 个人的,私人的；亲自的
114. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工；人事部门
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予
119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的
120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭
121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻的
122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢
123. balcony n. 阳台
124. calculate vt. 计算,核算
125. calendar n. 日历,月历
126. optimistic a. 乐观
127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的
128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的
129. export n. 出口（物） v. 出口,输出
130. import n. 进口（物） v. 进口,输入
131. impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用,利用
132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的
134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者
135. video n. 电视,视频 a. 电视的,录像的
136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...录在录像带上
137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯
138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦
139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍
140. internal a. 内部的,国内的
141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先
142. racial a. 人种的种族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射
144. radical a.根本的；激进的
145. range n. 幅度,范围 v. （在某范围内）变动
146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹 v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑
147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立
148. issue n. 问题,争论点；发行,（报刊）一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道
150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住
151. adequate a. 适当地；足够
152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着；遵守,坚持
153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止
154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获
155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的；正当的
156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷
157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的,始终如一的
158. continuous a. 继续的,连续（不断）的
159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的
160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增
161. exploit v. 剥削；利用,开采
162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增
164. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的
165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的
166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使
167. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施 vi.给予补偿 n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底
168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕
169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的
170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定
171. identify n. 身份；个性,特性
172. poverty n. 贫穷
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的
174. resolve vt. 解决；决定,决意
175. barrel n. 桶
176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
178. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车
179. code n. 准则,法规,密码
180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕
181. adult n. 成年人
182. advertise v. 为...做广告
183. advertisement n. 广告
184. agency n. 代理商,经销商
185. focus v.（使）聚集 n. 焦点,中心,聚焦
186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止
187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论
188. debt n. 欠债
189. decade n. 十年
190. enclose vt. 围住；把...装入信封
191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到
192. globe n. 地球,世界；地球仪
193. global a. 全球的；总的
194. scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览
195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻
196. significance n. 意义；重要性
197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的
198. virtue n. 美德,优点
199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的
201. portion
n. 一部分
202. target n. 目标,靶子 vt. 瞄准
203. portable a. 手提式的
204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝；下降
205. illusion n. 错觉
206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性
207. stripe n. 条纹
208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重
209. emotion n. 情感,感情
210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪（上）的
211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的
212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的
213. clue n. 线索,提示
214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突
215. device n. 装置,设备
216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出
217. inevitable a. 不可避免的
218. naval a. 海军的
219. navigation n. 航行
220. necessity n. 必需品；必要性
221. previous a. 先,前,以前的
222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮；准备,设备,装置
223. pursue vt. 追逐；追求；从事,进行
224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的
225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替
226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得
227. discrimination n. 歧视；辨别力
228. professional a. 职业的,专门的
229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的
230. security n. 安全,保障
231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒
232. talent n. 才能,天资；人才
233. insurance n. 保险,保险费
234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保
235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过
236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的
237. spot n. 地点；斑点 vt. 认出,发现；玷污
238. spray v. 喷,（使）溅散
239. medium a. 中等的,适中的 n. 媒介物,新闻媒介
240. media n. 新闻传媒
241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的
242. automatic a. 自动的
243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛
244. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的
245. competition n. 竞争,比赛
246. distribute vt. 分发
247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍
248. infer v. 推论,推断
249. integrate v.（使）成为一体,（使）合并
250. moist a. 潮湿
251. moisture n. 潮湿
252. promote vt. 促进；提升
253. region n. 地区；范围；幅度
254. register v./n.登记,注册
255. stable a. 稳定的
256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的；很复杂的
257. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的
258. cancel vt. 取消,废除
259. variable a. 易变的,可变的
260. prospect n. 前景,前途；景象
261. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣
262. aspect n. 方面；朝向；面貌
263. cope vi. (with)（成功地）应付,处理
264. core n. 果心,核心
265. maintain vt. 维持,保持；坚持,主张
266. mainland n. 大陆
267. discipline n. 纪律；惩罚；学科
268. domestic a. 本国的,国内的；家用的；家庭的
269. constant a. 不变的,恒定的 n. 常数
270. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁
271. authority n. 权威；当局
272. audio a. 听觉
273. attitude n. 态度
274. community n. 社区,社会
275. commit vt.犯（错误,罪行等）,干（坏事等）
276. comment n./vt. 评论
277. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别
278. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤 vt. 使痛苦
279. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施；便利,方便
280. faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科/院;全体教员
281. mixture n. 混合,混合物
282. mood n. 心情,情绪；语气
283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的
284. prominent a. 突出的
285. substance n. 物质；实质
286. substantial a. 可观的；牢固的；实质的
287. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的,及时的
288. vivid a. 生动的
289. vocabulary n. 词汇（量）；词汇表
290. venture n. 风险投资,风险项目 v. 冒险；取于
291. version n. 版本,译本；说法
292. waist n. 腰,腰部
293. weld v./n. 焊接
294. yawn vi. 打哈欠
295. yield vi. (to)屈服于；让出,放弃 n.
产量
296. zone n. 地区,区域
297. strategy n. 战略,策略
298. strategic a. 战略（上）的,关键的
299. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态
300. tension n. 紧张（状态）,张力
301. avenue
n. 林荫道,大街
302. available a. 现成可用的；可得到的
303. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的
304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的
305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔
306. data n. 数据,资料
307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水
308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的
309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格
310. regulate vt. 管理,调节
311. release vt./n. 释放,排放；解释解脱
312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张
313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的
314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩；退缩
315. subtract v. 减（去）
316. suburb n. 市郊
317. subway n. 地铁
318. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测
319. wealthy a. 富裕的
320. adjust v. 调整,调节
321. attach vt. 系,贴；使附属
322. profit n. 利润,益处；v. 有益于,有利于
323. profitable a. 有利可图的
324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面
325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强
326. reject vt. 拒绝
327. fatal a. 致命的；重大的
328. fate n. 命运
329. humble a. 谦逊的；谦虚的
330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的
331. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金
332. aware a. 意识到
333. column n. 柱,圆柱；栏,专栏
334. comedy n. 喜剧
335. dumb a. 哑的；沉默的
336. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒
337. deaf a. 聋的；不愿听的
338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜
339. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长
340. principle n. 原则,原理
341. prior a. 优先的,在前的
342. priority n. 优先,重点
343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准
344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的
345. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗
346. repetition n. 重复,反复
347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的
348. undertake vt. 承担,着手做；同意,答应
349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的
350. obstacle n. 障碍（物）,妨碍
351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的；奇数的
352. omit vt. 省略
353. opponent n. 敌手,对手
354. opportunity n. 机会,时机
355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队
356. semester n. 学期；半年
357. semiconductor n. 半导体
358. seminar n. 研讨会
359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的 n. 终点
360. territory n. 领土
361. approximate a. 大概的,大约 v. 近似
362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的
363. architect n. 建筑师
364. architecture n. 建筑学
365. biology n. 生物学
366. geography n. 地理（学）
367. geology n. 地质学
368. geometry n. 几何（学）
369. arithmetic n. 算术
370. algebra n. 代数
371. entertainment n. 娱乐；招待,款待
372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心
373. entry n. 进入,入口处；参赛的人（或物）
374. environment n. 环境
375. episode n. 插曲,片段
376. equation n. 方程（式）
377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制
378. restraint n. 抑制,限制
379. resume v. （中断后）重新开始
380. severe a. 严重的
381. sexual a. 性的
382. simplicity n. 简单；朴素
383. simplify vt. 简化
384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛
385. stuff n. 原料,材料 vt. 填进,塞满
386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的
387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱
388. terror n. 恐怖
389. thrust v. 挤,推,插
390. treaty n. 条约,协定
391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生；起身
392. arouse vt. 引起,激起；唤醒
393. burden n. 重担,负荷
394. bureau n. 局,办事处
395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的
396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的
397. mature a. 成熟的
398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的
399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的
400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动
301. avenue n. 林荫道,大街
302. available a. 现成可用的；可得到的
303. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的
304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的
305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔
306. data n. 数据,资料
307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水
308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的
309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格
310. regulate vt. 管理,调节
311. release vt./n. 释放,排放；解释解脱
312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张
313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的
314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩；退缩
315. subtract v. 减（去）
316. suburb n. 市郊
317. subway n. 地铁
318. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测
319. wealthy a. 富裕的
320. adjust v. 调整,调节
321. attach vt. 系,贴；使附属
322. profit n. 利润,益处；v. 有益于,有利于
323. profitable a. 有利可图的
324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面
325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强
326. reject vt. 拒绝
327. fatal a. 致命的；重大的
328. fate n. 命运
329. humble a. 谦逊的；谦虚的
330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的
331. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金
332. aware a. 意识到
333. column n. 柱,圆柱；栏,专栏
334. comedy n. 喜剧
335. dumb a. 哑的；沉默的
336. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒
337. deaf a. 聋的；不愿听的
338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜
339. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长
340. principle n. 原则,原理
341. prior a. 优先的,在前的
342. priority n. 优先,重点
343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准
344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的
345. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗
346. repetition n. 重复,反复
347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的
348. undertake vt. 承担,着手做；同意,答应
349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的
350. obstacle n. 障碍（物）,妨碍
351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的；奇数的
352. omit vt. 省略
353. opponent n. 敌手,对手
354. opportunity n. 机会,时机
355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队
356. semester n. 学期；半年
357. semiconductor n. 半导体
358. seminar n. 研讨会
359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的 n. 终点
360. territory n. 领土
361. approximate a. 大概的,大约 v. 近似
362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的
363. architect n. 建筑师
364. architecture n. 建筑学
365. biology n. 生物学
366. geography n. 地理（学）
367. geology n. 地质学
368. geometry n. 几何（学）
369. arithmetic n. 算术
370. algebra n. 代数
371. entertainment n. 娱乐；招待,款待
372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心
373. entry n. 进入,入口处；参赛的人（或物）
374. environment n. 环境
375. episode n. 插曲,片段
376. equation n. 方程（式）
377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制
378. restraint n. 抑制,限制
379. resume v. （中断后）重新开始
380. severe a. 严重的
381. sexual a. 性的
382. simplicity n. 简单；朴素
383. simplify vt. 简化
384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛
385. stuff n. 原料,材料 vt. 填进,塞满
386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的
387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱
388. terror n. 恐怖
389. thrust v. 挤,推,插
390. treaty n. 条约,协定
391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生；起身
392. arouse vt. 引起,激起；唤醒
393. burden n. 重担,负荷
394. bureau n. 局,办事处
395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的
396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的
397. mature a. 成熟的
398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的
399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的
400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动
题记：高考考试并不是一厢情愿的取决于参考者努力的程度，它是取决于每一个参与者在信息不对称的情况下，每个人利用给定的知识范畴内给自己做出一个最有利的假设之后的一种平衡。这是说明如果一个人对考试的理解的深度较高时，即使你努力的程度比别人低，比别人获得高分的几率多些；如果一个人对考试理解深度较低，即使比别人更加努力，分数仍旧难以超越他人。
时间越来越少，我们急需一种能够在最短时间内能够抓分的方法，就目前而言，做好选择题无疑是最好的方法。
选择题的特点：
1、选择题分数所占比例高，约占750分的40%以上，即315~330分。
2、选择题可猜答，有一定几率不会做也能得分。
3、选择题容易丢分也容易得分，单题分值较大，而且存在干扰选项做误导，选择题好坏能决定你与他人的优势或劣势。
4、选择题可快速答题，留下时间做大题，也可浪费你大量时间，叫你来不及做题。
5、掌握选择题大题技巧可做到所有科目选择题既能快速解答，有能获取满分。
搏众应许多同学们的要求，今天给大家带来管卫东的选择题考试技术，说一下如何以技术手段在现有阶段，帮助学生在原有知识水平上，决胜高考。
这里提到三个概念点，思维、标准化试题（选择题）、大题难题。
我们先用标准化试题考试技术引出思维层面，再结合大题难题，做一个系统的综述。
英语写作中常用句子及套用模式
写作是语言的重要环节，看看英语考试中对作文的重视就明白了（分值提高了，字数增加了，连GRE的逻辑也变成了写作），可这一点却恰恰是很多同学心中永远的痛。在考研中，写作意义极其重大，其性价比（即投入的时间和提高的幅度）非常高，在我看来，如果你的阅读水平还可以的话，写作将是你的突破口。另外流利的写作还会为你节约时间用在阅读上。至于练习的时间，我觉得，考前二三个月开始，每天10~20分钟，最后再加些量完全可以达到80分以上的水平。
提高写作只有一个字――“恒”，绝对的熟能生巧。我在网上看过高手写的文章，简直可以用恐怖来形容，完全是阅读理解的水平，而作者的诀窍就是每天写每天练！只要不断的写不断的改，你的文章会让你自己吃惊。套用一句：写作恒久远，练习永流传。
然而备考的时间是很紧的，不可能每天保持大量的练习，好在其要求也不高，从现在开始，到考前完全可以达到要求，但千万不要间断！很多同学都有一个情况，越不写，越怕写；越怕写，越不写。万事开头难，所以开始的练习尤为重要，而练习应以词句为主+阅读好文章，我就有一本记录本，专门收集好的词句，效果很好。这里列其中一些较简单实用的，希望能对大家有所帮助（不过，建议同学们最好自己写，自己收集，印象会深很多，每天花10分钟过过，绝对值得。另外，我列的句子很有限，多半是骨架，大家要学会扩展，并且在记忆的时候多联想一下。举例来说，一篇你的文章，用心改一下，好好套用几个句式，改些档次较高的词和词组，可以提高不少哦）：
一、总结句型
1） ……in general/above all/with the result that/as a
result/consequently，……
2） As far as I am concerned/as for me，……
3） This truth above seems to be self-evident.
4） Whether we examine the ……above，such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone.
5） In my point of view，I like/prefer A much more than B.
6） I still prefer A，however，for they teach me not only to be ……but also to be…… ，both in ……and in……
7） There is no doubt that……
8） In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to……
9） To a large extent，……，therefore，reflects……
10） If all above mentioned measures are achieved，……
11） Wherever you are and whatever you do，……is always meaningful.
12） So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it.
13） Now，which one do you prefer――the one……or the one……？ Were it left to me to select，I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter.
二、开首句型
1） Have you ever gone……？ Have you ever been to……？ If you have no experience like these，your life is an inadequate one.
2） Are you……？ Are you……？ We are，usually.
3） In large part as a consequence of……，somebody have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on something.
4） We expect the day will come when A with its characteristic of……
5） Being adj.is one of the virtues that people must possess （not only in……but also in……/during……/when……）
6） What A to B，that C to D
7） Currently，there is a widespread/serious concern over that……
8） The reasons for the……are manifold，for instance，……
9） Several factors contribute to this……，such as……，as for as I’m concerned，however，……is the most significant ingredient/element.
10） ……is more violent than what we thought it should be before.
11） There are intimate relations between the two.
三、并列句型
1） Some people like A due to…… However，there are many young people，including me，especially like B.
2） There might be two reasons，I think……，for the change.
3） A and B are both important，they are attribute which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.
4） Different people have different attitudes towards……，some believe that……others，however，argue that……still others maintain that……
5） First……besides，in addition……what’s more……
6） For one thing……nevertheless，for another……
四、转折句型
1）……Such defects as mentioned above can be prevented by the other way of ……
2） Except for ……’s sake only.
3） Perhaps A is the wrong word，however，B might be better.
4） First……last but not least……
5） Shall we do this？ Not necessary the case.
6） ……，and vice versa indeed .
7） On the contrary，in spite of these increase……
8） Compared with A，B has many advantages such as……
9） Not so much…… as he had talked about.
10） ……，the truth of the matter，however，is that……
11） For some，the way maybe right，nevertheless，for many others……
12） As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects，so has……
13） It is fairly well know that……however，it is less know that……
14） ……，but this was not always the case.
15） At first，……different in their opinions，on second thoughts，however，all of them agree to……
16） None the less（尽管如此）……
17） When people succeed，it is because of hard work，however，luck has a lot to do with it too.
18） ……，sometimes it isn’t totally the case，however.
19） Do some A else but B.
五、名理句型
1） It is usually the case that ……
2） It is plain common sense――the more/less……the more/less……
3） The serious reality had taught us a lesson： not being environment friendly will be avenged mercilessly.
4） As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes，……
5） I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage which goes like this：……
6） The old story of……can serve as a good illustration that……
六、强调句型
1） With/due to/spurred by……we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with，that is，……
2） The reason why……is no other than……as I know.
3） The same thing is true with……
4） What I want to point out is that，for a person who wants to be successful in life and to be useful in society，he will have to learn to be both A and B.
5） What a wonderful picture？ Especially for we students always swimming in the sea of books！
6） It’s high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the challenges.
7） Before everything else，……is the secret of success.
七、图表句型
1） From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that……
2） From the graph/table/diagram/chart above，we can see that……obviously.
3） As show in the chart/by the graph……
4） Have you ever anticipated the prospects of……in the coming decades？ Let us just take a look at the figures of……as shown in the graph above.
5） The gap between……and……will be further widened.
6） In face of increasingly serious shortage of energy，we should take effective measures/which of the measures we should take？
7） It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and greater.
8） By……，the number of……had less/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of……
9） 短语：made up about……/the figure amounted to/will rise to/will reach/will double that/will tripled that
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福建省厦门市2009届高三一模考试
政 治 试 题
说明
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，其中第Ⅱ卷第25题为选考题，
其他题为必考题。
2．选择题用2B铅笔作答于答题卡上，非选择题用0．5毫米黑色签字笔直接作答在答题卡规定的答题区域，超过答题区域作答无效.
3．考试时间100分钟，试卷满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷(共44分)
本卷共22小题，每小题2分，共44分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．我国成品油价格实行与国际市场原油价格有控制地问接接轨，以一定时期内国际上几种原油价格的平均水平为基础，加上国内平均加工成本、税金和适当利润确定。由于国际市场原油价格持续回落，国家发展改革委员会宣布自
A．我国成品油价格由国际市场原油价格决定
B．我国的成品油价格形成机制不断完善
C．国际原油企业的劳动生产率不断提高
D．当前我国的成品油价格由国家确定
国务院决定自
单位税额每升提高0．8元，柴油消费税单位税额每升提高0．7元，其他成品油消费税单位税额相应提高。回答2―3题。
2．燃油税改革方案实行多用油者多交税原则。这
①能促进节能减排，缓解我国能源短缺的局势
②有利于促进经济发展方式转变
③加重消费者的负担，影响生活水平提高
④增加企业生产成本，降低经济效益
A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④
3．1998年国务院决定分步实施燃油税费改革方案。燃油税费改革方案的推出，需要具备一些必要的条件。此次国家选择了国际金融危机背景下，国际油价大幅回落的有利条件，推出了燃油税改革方案。这体现了
A．哲学是世界观与方法论的统一 B．追求真理是一个永无止境的过程
C．要热情支持和保护新事物的成长 D．要果断抓住时机，促成事物的质变
4．消费对生产具有巨大的反作用。下列能直接提高消费对经济增长的贡献率的措施是
①对农民实行粮食最低保护价 ②提高居民最低生活保障标准
③提高房地产和证券交易税率 ④某地政府向居民发放消费券
A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④
5．2008年底北方特大旱情发生后，国家防总和财政部分别下达l亿元和2．5亿元中央特大抗旱补助费，支持重旱区开展抗旱工作。旱区各省也及时下拨抗旱资金，出台各种补贴政策。 这表明
A．我国财政能集中力量办大事 B．财政可以提高人民生活水平
C．国家统筹城乡安排财政支出 D市场经济的作用不是万能的
6．丢块石头到水里，水波是逐步递减的，越向外冲击力越小，这就是“涟漪效应”。现代国际社会中，一般来说，市场开放程度小、处于全球化边缘的国家，受到危机的影响也小。“涟漪效应”揭示的经济学道理是
A．经济全球化表现为生产和贸易的国际化
B．经济全球化对不同开放程度国家的影响不同
C．主权国家要努力提高开放型经济水平
D．经济落后的国家不宜走对外开放之路
7．当前，我国大学生就业形势十分严峻。国务院’
④到城市和乡村的基层就业 ②到中小企业和非公有制企业就业
③自主择业和自主创业 ④靠政策引导就业或竞争公务员考试
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D①②③
8．为切实加强产品质量和食品安全工作，国务院于
A．这有利于保障人民群众生命健康的权利
B．依法治国是提高行政管理水平的基本要求
C．国务院履行了保障人民民主的职能
D体现了国务院依法执政、民主执政的水平
9．
①全国人大常委会行使国家立法权 ②我国的国家机构实行民主集中制原则
③全国人大常委会行使最高决定权 ④国家主席是全国人大常委会的执行机关
A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④
10．某市政府出台了加强自律的若干措施：公布领导干部办公电话和职务分工；“一把手”要通过媒体公开作出服务承诺；精简行政审批事项。对此有人说：“软环境软了官员的身段，硬了是百姓的腰杆儿。”这说明
A．政务公开就能提高行政工作效率
B．保障人民知情权就能实现政府的服务承诺
C．自觉接受人民监督有利于树立政府权威
D．政府只要加强自律就可以转变政府职能
11．在
A．人民代表大会制度的优越性
B．自治权是民族区域自治的核心内容
C．我国各民族都应该实行民族区域自治
D．我国形成了平等、团结、互助、和谐的民族关系
12．
A．我国坚持走和平发展道路
B．我国是维护世界和平与稳定的坚定力量
C．和平共处五项原则是我国外交政策的基本立场
D．打击海盗，维护航海安全是当今世界的主要任务
13．2008年的中国经历了太多悲怆和喜悦，在抗击暴风雪、抗震救灾、举办奥运会、神七航天员太空漫步等事件中，中国人用坚韧、勇敢、智慧向中国和世界交出了满意的答卷。因此，2008感动中国年度人物特别奖授予了全体“中国人”。这表明
A．包容性是中华文化源远流长、博大精深的重要原因
B．中华文化熔铸了民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力
C．中华民族精神总是产生于特殊的时代
D．中华文化对人们有潜移默化的影响
首届海峡两岸文化产业博览交易会于
展示两岸城市发展文化产业最新成果，搭建推动两岸文化交流合作的平台，共同构筑两岸文化产业走向国际市场的桥梁。博览会加强了维系海峡两岸同胞亲情、促进祖国和平统一的精神纽带。回答14―15题。
14．材料体现
A．参加健康有益的文化活动是培养健全人格的重要途径
B．两岸文化交流是发展先进文化的根本目标
C．文化具有深远持久的特点
D．文化与政治相互交融
15．“一脉传承．创意未来”是首届海峡两岸文化产业博览交易会的主题。这说明了
A．中华文化的力量集中表现为民族精神的力量
B．两岸同胞对中华文化有强烈的认同感和归属感
C．拥护祖国统一是新时期爱国主义的主题
D．各地区的文化具有明显的区域特征
截止
1507家。这些网站以传播淫秽色情和低俗内容为主，违反了《全国人大常委会关于维护互联网安全的决定》、《互联网信息服务管理办法》等法律法规。回答16―17题。
16．上述材料表明
A．发展大众文化必须提倡多样化原则
B．文化产业应该把经济效益放在首位
C．文化产业的发展要实现经济效益和社会效益的有机结合
D．社会主义思想道德体系应该与社会主义市场经济相适应
17．为加强网络文化建设和管理，国家重拳出击，开展整治互联网低俗之风专项行动
①是建设社会主义先进文化的客观要求②是建设社会主义核心价值体系的基础
③有利于提高全民族的思想道德素质 ④有利于提高国家的文化软实力
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D?①③④
18．意象，是指客观物象经过创作主体独特的情感活动而创造出来的一种艺术形象。例如，落花是一种自然现象，但在我国古诗词中却赋予了它们以情感和生命。“夜来风雨声，花落知多少。，，表达了春天的美好；“流水落花春去也，天上人间。”则表达了国破家亡之恨，无可奈何之情；“花自飘零水自流，一种相思，两处闲愁。”抒发了浓浓的郁闷之情，幽幽的相思之苦。“意象”反映了
A．人们可以摆脱客观事物的原貌实现艺术形象的主观创造
B．客观事物本身存在能动的反映特性，是主观与客观的统一
C．思维能够指导人们的实践活动，把意识的东西变成现实
D．意识活动在艺术创作中具有独特的创造性
19 ．
A．人们可以创造一定条件建立多样性联系
B．必须创造规律促使现有事物发生变化
C．应该彻底否定旧事物
D．人们可以根据自己的需要创造新的事物
20．某市在创建全国文明城市中，提出创建工作“只有起点、没有终点，只有逗号、没有句号”。这说明
A．事物的发展具有前进性的趋势
B．要坚持为人民谋利益的正确价值取向
C．人们对事物的正确认识需要实践的检验
D．事物的运动是绝对的，静止是不存在的
21．右边漫画：《抓到经济增长“牛鼻子”》，其中蕴涵的哲理是
A．重视规律的客观性就能解决问题
B．一切从实际出发是做好经济工作的基本前提
C．创新能推动人类思维和文化的发展
D．整体与局部是相互联系相互制约的
22．“You and Me．From one wodd，We are family。Travel dream，A thousand miles，Meeting in Bei―jing．Come tpgrther Put your hand in mine You and Me,From one world,We are family."《Youand Me》这首歌词，主要揭示了
A．联系具有普遍性、客观性
B．真理是有条件的、具体的
B．不同事物存在着不同的矛盾
D．不同人的世界观是不同的
第Ⅱ卷(共56分)
本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第23――24题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答。
第25题为选考题，考生根据要求选择作答。
[必考部分](46分)
23．(23分)
受罕见自然灾害的折腾、全球金融危机的冲击，2008年的冬天成了中国经济的“寒冬”。
时光在逼人的寒气中进入2009年，国家力量在迅速凝结，民族信心在不断积聚，政府策略在不断见效……。结合材料回答问题。
材料一
(1)以上两幅图各反映了什么经济现象?2008年下半年以来，国家加大财政支出力度，多
次降低银行存贷款利率，支持企业发展。请说明国家为什么要运用财政货币政策帮助企业
“过冬”?(7分)
材料二针对一些出口加工企业减薪裁员导致的大批农民工返乡现象，某县县委县政府
于2008年底出台了若干鼓励返乡农民工创业的“暖冬”政策
◆扶持兴办企业。在信贷、税收、办证、土地使用、各项收费等方面给予优惠和倾斜。
◆鼓励二次创业。动员和安排有资金、有技术的农民工到县内工业园区就业或创业。
◆充实村级班子。利用村级换届的时机，把有一定市场经验、有组织能力的返乡农民工吸收到党组织和村级班子。
(2)请你为该县进一步落实“暖冬”政策提出两条建议，并从政治生活角度说明理由。(6分)
材料三2009年春节消费不仅没有降温，反而更加火爆。据商务部监测，春节黄金周，全
国实现消费品零售总额2900亿元，同比增长13．8％。四川汶川、北川、青川等灾区商品供应丰富、物价稳定，灾区人民过了一个欢乐祥和的春节。自古以来，中国人独有的“过年情结”――冷了什么也不能冷了过年，成了消费市场的强劲动力。
(3)中国人“冷了什么也不能冷了过年”的过年情结蕴含了哪些传统文化的道理?(4分)
材料四福建省十一届人大二次会议提出，2009年省政府将力促区域联动、城乡协调发
展以推动内需，完善“9?8”投洽会等重要平台功能，积极开展闽港澳贸易投资合作，加快推进“三通”发展，形成内外需协调拉动经济增长的格局。据福州海关统计，2009年1月份，福建省纺织服装出口8．7亿美元，比上月增长14 8％。
2009年春节过后，福建沿海某童装集团决策层在安排2009年内外销比例意见如下
董事会成员
甲
乙
丙
丁
董事长
备注
内外销比例
5：5
10：0
3：7
6：4
？
该企业是出口型企业，资金自述力量雄厚，品牌产品2个
(4)如果你是该集团董事长，根据目前国内外形势和相关政策，运用矛盾观点为你倾向的
意见阐述若干看法。(6分)
24．(23分)阅读材料回答问题。
材料一A地区地处山区，农业人口占绝大多数，农民人均土地仅一亩多。上世纪八十年代初，这个地方实行土地承包经营改革，调动了农民的生产热情，一举摆脱了靠国家救济的贫穷面貌。但由于土地生产规模太小，近十年来，农民收入增长缓慢。当地农民流向较为发达的东南沿海城市务工，使劳务收入人均增加700多元，有的还在城里安家落户。与此同时，农村土地弃耕、抛荒现象也比较严重，一些乡村干部强迫农民将土地低价转让给客商经营，农民意见很大。
材料二为解决生产规模小、土地弃耕问题，当地政府通过信访、实地调查研究等途径问
计于民。众多农民积极建言献策，提出了数千条有关土地利用、增收的意见和建议供政府参
考。该地区政府最后作出了“允许农民按照依法、自愿、有偿原则，以转包、出租、互换、股份合作等形式流转土地承包经营权”的决定。同时，强调“土地流转不得损害农民土地承包权益”。这一政策得到了农民的理解和支持。
(1)对本地政府允许土地流转的决定，个别农民表示不解，认为搞土地流转就是要在农村实行土地私有制，没有实际意义。假如你是一位政府工作人员，请结合材料，从经济生活角度解答这些农民的疑问。(6分)
(2)该地农民是通过什么方式参与民主决策的?结合材料二，说明农民的民主参与对政
府决策的作用。(6分)
(3)运用《生活与哲学》社会基本矛盾的观点，分析A地区政府的改革举措。(5分)
材料三为歌颂社会主义新农村建设成就，该地B镇举行了一次农民赛歌会，受到农民
的欢迎。下面是该镇两位农民观众对采访记者的谈话。
观众1：“我们收入不多，不敢奢望观看高雅艺术的演出。我们平时文化生活单调，往往靠喝酒、打牌、看电视消磨时间，有时能看场免费的大戏l心里就很高兴。”
观众2：“现在唱的基本都是一些老歌，即使是新创作的歌曲，专门反映我们农民生活的歌曲也实在少。”
(4)结合材料三农民观众的谈话，从文化生活角度，请你谈谈如何更好地满足』一大农民日益增长的精神文化需求?(6分)
[选考部分](10分)
25．(10分)
请考生在A、B两题中任选一题作答。答题时请在答题卡对应的位置上填涂作答的题号。
A．[选修3――国家和国际组织常识]
阅读材料，运用《国家和国际组织常识》的有关知识回答
材料中“购买美国货”条款主要违背了WTO的什么原则?运用WTO有关知识，说明我国应持的立场和态度。
B．[选修4――科学思维常识]
随着经济的发展，城市道路交通拥堵现象愈发严重。某中学高二(2)班以“如何破解城市
道路交通拥堵”为题召开研究性学习讨论会。会上有一位同学提出：解决交通拥堵要先从地
面开始，另一位同学提出可以从空中想办法。受此启发，班上同学纷纷提出不同的设想，如下图示：
……
这次讨论共征集了30多个方案。
该班级通过这一活动征集方案属于思维发散的哪种方法?思维发散对思维创新有何帮助？
厦门市2 009年高中毕业班质量检查
成都市2009届高中毕业班第三次诊断性检测（May 09,2009）
英语
(考试时间120分钟，满分150分)
第一卷
第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 单项选择(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)
从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. ―I promised to draw a map of the engine. Now I’ve made it!
―_______!
A. Thanks a lot B. It’s my pleasure
C. Congratulations D. You’re welcome
2. The cultural exchanges between the two countries help to _______ the understanding and
friendship between the two peoples.
A. increase B. raise C. add D. promote
3. It is all known that Jessica Lynch is _______ among all the American women soldiers who
were sent to
A. the alive luckiest girl B. the luckiest girl alive
C. the luckiest alive girl D. the luckiest girl living
4. Many experts hold the view ______ teacher development is _______ the key to better
education lies.
A. which, where B. on which, in which C. that, where D. that, in which
5. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go _______, you know.
A. hand in hand B. step by step C. from time to time D. one after another
6. ―Sorry, I _____ to post the letter for you.
―Never mind, ______ it myself after school.
A. forget, I’d rather post B. forgot, I’ll post
C. forgot, I’m going to post D. forget, I’d better post
7. ―Maria, how do you like The Talent Show of our class?
―Wonderful! ________.
A. I have shown it B. I’m very interested in it.
C. I want to show it one more time D. I’m trying it again.
8. ―How did their teacher find the boy out?
―She ______ him on the name list of the class.
A. came across B. came down C. came about D. came up
9. ―I’m sorry, I didn’t do a good job.
―Relax, relax. ______, you have tried your best.
A. First of all B. In all C. At all D. After all
10. Tom pretended ______ it, but in fact, he knew it very well a long time ago.
A.. not to listen to B. not to hear about
C. not to have heard about D. not to be listening to
11. I can’t find Mr. Li anywhere in the office building. Where ______ he have gone?
A. must B. could C. should D. would
12. This great event happened _____ the morning ______ February
A. on, of B. in, of C. on, on D in, in
13. Obama was elected ____ president last year, who is ______ first black president of _____ U.S.
A. /, a, the B. /, the, the C. the, a, / D. the, the, /
14. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. To compare B. When comparing
C. While comparing D. When compared
15. A few years ago, My Heart Will Go On was a popular song among young people, _______ were often heard singing it at parties.
A. who B. which C. they D. that
16. Hard-working though he was, ______ there was never enough money for him to pay the bills.
A. / B. and C. but D. it
17. ―Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert?
―Yes. I don’t like _____ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don’t like.
A. this B. that C. those D. it
18. ―Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work all the time?
―Yes, and that’s why I ______ to work by train.
A. have gone B. have been going
C. was going D. will have gone
19. She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out ______ she heard her father
urgently telling her to keep quiet.
A. while B. when C. before D. after
20. In recent years, this singer isn’t as popular as he used to be, and his latest album ______ only
five thousand copies.
A. is sold B. is selling C. sold D. was sold
第二节 完型填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
I moved to a new neighborhood two months ago. In the house with a large 21 across the road lived a taxi driver, a single parent with two school-age children. At the end of the day, he would 22 his taxi on the road. I 23 why he did not park it in the garage.
Then one day I learnt that he had another car in his garage. In the afternoon he would come home 24 work, leave his taxi and go out for his 25 affairs in his other car, not in his taxi. I felt it was 26 .
I was curious to see his personal car but did not make it until I 27 to be outside one evening two weeks 28 , when the garage door was 29 and he drove out in his “own” car: a Rolls-Royce(劳斯莱斯)! It shook me completely 30 I realized what that meant. You see, he was a taxi driver. But 31 inside, he saw himself as something else:
A Rolls-Royce owner and a (an) 32 . He drove others in his taxi but himself and his children
in his Rolls-Royce. The world looked at his taxi and 33 him a taxi driver. But for him, a
taxi was just something he drove for a living. Rolls-Royce was something he drove for a (an)
34 .
We go to bed every night and 35 every morning as parents or children, not as bankers, CEOs or professors. We go for a 36 as close friends or go for a vacation as a 37 .
We love life as it is. Yet often, we base our entire happiness and success on how high we 38
the social ladder―how much bigger and better a 39 we have. And we ignore our
Rolls-Royce, by keeping it dusty in our garage. We should focus more on 40 we are than
what do!
21. A. window B. garage C. door D. yard
22. A. park B. stop C. check D. repair
23. A. knew B. understood C. asked D. wondered
24. A. for B. out of C. without D. from
25. A. business B. national C. personal D. public
26. A. wasteful B. meaningful C. wonderful D. plentiful
27. A. appeared B. intended C. expected D. happened
28. A. later B. more C. ago D. before
29. A. broken B. fine C. shut D. open
30. A. once B. before C. when D. until
31. A. far B. deep C. long D. little
32. A. driver B. engineer C. father D. son
33. A. called B. made C. elected D. turned
34. A. experience B. earning C. life D. position
35. A. stay up B. wake up C. stay home D. go home
36. A. competition B. performance C. debate D. party
37. A. family B. company C. team D. whole
38. A. build B. climb C. stand D. lay
39. A. house B. garage C. car D. taxi
40. A. who B. what C. which D. where
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C,D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
A
How would you describe Quincy Jones? Is he an instrumentalist, a composer, an arranger, or a
producer? None of these labels can sum up this remarkable man. He has been known for years to
people who follow popular music. But his part in the We Are the World VCD and the Hands Across
America project made him a national figure.
In addition to these successful efforts, Jones has written the music for many cartoon movies,
including The Color Purple, which won 11 Oscar nominations(提名). He also wrote the music for
Alex Haley’s Roots, a greatly successful television mini―series. These achievements show his
many-sided genius.
Quincy Jones was born on March 14, 1973, in Chicago’s South Side. Ten years later, his family
moved to the Seattle area. It was there that he met Ray Charles, who was three years older than
Jones and who in time would be a world-famous singer. The young musicians performed at small
clubs and weddings. Through Charles’s influence, Jones began composing.
When Jones was only 15, his musical talent impressed Lionel Hampton, who invited him to join
the Hampton band. Jones was ready to quit school to join, but Hampton’s wife, Gladys, stated her
disagreement. Believing that he needed an education, she removed him from the band’s bas. “Get that child out of here,” she yelled, “Let him finish school.”
These experiences made Quincy Jones more determined than ever to success. He finished high school, attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston on a scholarship, and finally did Lionel Hampton’s band. Soon, however, he struck off on his own. The future beckoned(召唤) brightly.
41. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?
A. Ray Charles, Lionel Hampton and Quincy Jones became very close friends.
B. Lionel Hampton played an important rule in the success of Quincy Jones.
C. A college education is very important and necessary in modern music.
D. Quincy Jones had a very lucky, fruitful and successful musical career.
42. Which of the following made Quincy Jones become famous all over the country?
A. His role in the We Are the World VCD and the Hands Across America program.
B. His music for the cartoon film The Color Purple which won 11 Oscar nominations.
C. His meeting with Ray Charles and their performances at small clubs and weddings.
D. His education in the Berklee College of Music in Boston, which is world-class.
43. Whose opinion played an important role in Jones’s school education and college education?
A. Alex Haley’s B. Lionel Hampton’s
C. Ray Charles’s D. Hampton’s wife’s
44. Insisting that Quincy Jones get off the bus, Gladys Hampton was actually very _____.
A. professional B. cruel C. kind D. selfish
B
Friendship can deeply affect the physical and mental health of both men and women. Studies
show that people who have no friends or who are lonely, are more likely to die earlier, get sick
more often and suffer greater physical wear and tear(折磨) than those who have a support system
of friends.
Sometimes, family members may be more likely to give you advice or tell you what you don’t
want to hear. It may not be as good as a friend who will listen to you and guide you, but support
your decisions anyway. The most important elements about friendship are those who suffer
support and do not judge your decisions based on society.
One reason for the link between social support and good health practice seems to be that people
who feel cared for by others are less stress-out and are protected against the symptoms(症状) of
depression and loneliness.
Generally, women benefit most because of how they deal with stress. Women are more social in
how they deal with stress than men, while men are more likely to have a “fight or flight” reaction.
Women also tend to have larger, denser social network, in which more people know each other
and help each other, while men typically have smaller groups of friends and will rely on their
wives or other important people for more support. While all these affect people psychologically
(心理上), friendship brings comfort that reduces the ill effects of stress, and the sex difference
also contributes to the difference in the length of one’s life time.
45. In the author’s opinion, a real friend should _________.
A. tell you what to do even if you refuse to hear it.
B. try to persuade you to change your mind quickly.
C. judge your decision according to his/her experience.
D. give you advice but respect your own decision.
46. Women benefit more from friendship than men because _________.
A. women are always cared for by more people than men.
B. women are usually less stress-out when staying with others.
C. women are more likely to solve problems with friends’ help
D. women can always keep more long-life friendship than men
47. According to the passage we can infer that _______.
A. it’s good for women to tell men what they should do or not
B. friends are always more important than family members
C. men don’t want to share their problems with many people
D. the trend that women can live longer makes them more relaxed
48. This passage mainly talks about _________.
A. why people should develop friendship
B. when friendship affects people’s health
C. people’s different attitudes towards friendship
D. the friendship which can make people live longer
C
A2 and AS Level Revision at Easter 2009
Course Dates
Courses run from Monday to Friday each week.
◆ One Week Courses
Monday 6 April―Friday 10 April
Monday 13 April― Friday 17 April
◆ Two Week Courses
Monday 6 April―Friday 17 April
Students may arrive a day earlier (Sunday) and/or depart a day later (Saturday) at extra cost.
Number of Students per Class
The average number of students is usually between 1 and 4 per class. As the numbers increase
in a class, the number of “contact hours” is suitably increased to allow extra time. Many students
will find themselves in privately tutored(指导) classes giving them ultimate flexibility(灵活性) and attention of the Revision Tutor.
Fees
One Week Boarding Fees: 1,495 GB Sterling (5 days/4 nights)
Two Week Boarding Fees: 2,895 GB Sterling (12 days/11 nights)
One Week Day Fees: 1,095 GB Sterling (5 days)
Two Week Day Fees: 2,165 GB Sterling (10 days)
Optional Extra Elements
Extra Night’s Accommodation(住宿): 70 GB Sterling (including meals)
Additional Private Tutoring: 60 GB Sterling per hour
How to Apply
We provide you the majority of A2 and AS subjects. Before you apply, please contact us to tell us which subject areas you would like to cover. We will then be able to check whether a space is available. Once a space has been confirmed as available, you will need to apply online or via the PDF, and also compete the Additional Information PDF. After you apply, we will require you to fill in a detailed form explaining your requirements. If you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask us.
49. Before you apply for the course, you must _______.
A. explain your requirements in a form in detail
B. make sure that they have the area you want
C. go to the school to get the application form
D. complete the Additional Information PDF
50. If you arrive on Sunday and leave on Friday for a two-week course, you will have to pay ____.
A. 2,235 GB Sterling B. 2,895 GB Sterling
C. 2,965 GB Sterling D. 2,165 GB Sterling
51. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. If you need the tutor’s extra help, you need to pay more money to them
B. If you apply for the 2-week courses, you will have classes on the weekend in between
C. Tutoring hours are fixed no matter how many students there are in a class.
D. You can take the course on weekdays all the year around in 2009.
52. This passage most probably is a (an) _______.
A. arrangement for the Easter 2009 B. timetable for a new school
C. advertisement for vacation courses D. instruction on how to apply
D
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites you’ve
visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it’s likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a husband or wife, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a police or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you’ve never intended to be seen.
Some experts tell us boundaries are healthy, and it’s important to reveal (暴露) yourself to your friends, family and lovers in stages, at proper times. But few boundaries could remain. The digital equipment makes it easy for strangers to know who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can even reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey shows that 60 percent of them feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”
But people often say one thing and do another. Only a tiny number of Americans change the behaviors in an effort to protect their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths
(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track your automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests, and these tests show that the majority of Americans will not keep personal secret just in order to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠券)
But privacy does matter―at least sometimes. It’s like health: when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone, do you wish you’d done more to protect it. So, when it comes to privacy, why do so many people say one thing and do another? And what can be done about it?
53. What would be the experts advise on the relationships between friends?
A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C. There should be a distance even between friends.
D. There should be fewer secrets between friends.
54. The author says “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret” because ______.
A. modern society has finally entered a much opened society
B. people leave privacy around when using modern technology
C. there are always people who are curious about others’ affairs
D. many search engines profit by selling people’s privacy
55. According to Alessandro Acquits, most Americans _________.
A. like to exchange their personal secret for the commercial benefit
B. aren’t interested in the pitiful commercial benefit to keep their personal secret
C. pay no attention to their personal secret for the commercial benefit
D. can’t keep the balance between their personal secret and the commercial benefit
56.The best title for the passage could be _________?
A. Is Privacy As Important As Health
B. What Can Be Done to Protect the Privacy
C. Does Privacy Matter
D. Does Modern Technology Reveal Privacy
E
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one difference and one practice that have greatly helped my writing processes. The difference is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to use both of the creative mind and the critical mind to reach a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possible the single greatest trouble with writing that most of us meet. If you are listening to a 5th grade English teacher correcting your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you catch the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking as it is.
The practice that can help you overcome your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”. In free writing, the goal is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The aim is to get t5he words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadlines draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start and filling it with words no matter how bad they could be, stop halfway through your available time and rework your raw writing into something closer to the finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” in the writing process, he means __________.
A. no one can be both creative and critical
B. they can’t be regarded as equally important
C. they are in constant conflict with each other
D. one cannot use them at the same time
58. What usually prevents people from writing on is ________.
A. putting their ideas in raw form
B. attempting to edit as they’re writing
C. ignoring grammatical problems
D. trying to capture their fleeting thoughts
59. What is the chief purpose of the first stage of writing?
A. To organize one’s thoughts logically.
B. To choose an appropriate topic.
C. To get one’s ideas down quickly.
D. To collect many more raw materials.
60. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A. It refines his writing into a better shape.
B. It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C. It saves the writing time available to him.
D. It allows him to sit on the side and observe.
第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案写在本题下面
的横线上。选项中有两项多余选项。(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
Wife: We are back home now. what a tiring evening we had!
Husband: Yes, and it’s good to sit down after three hours’ standing. Nobody can hear it.
Wife: 61_____.
Husband: Neither could I. Although I’ve been to various parties. I don’t think I’ve ever felt so tired in
my life. 62_____.
Wife: And the heat. I hate the horrible weather there. 63_____.
Husband: Yes, we shouldn’t have accepted the invitation at the very beginning, honey.
Wife: 64_____. We’re only in our early sixties. And we often do exercise.
Husband: Yes, you’re right. But we must be getting old now.
Wife: Come on, darling. 65_____. Then we’ll feel much better.
Husband: Sounds a good idea.
A. I’m not that tired.
B. All that silly talk, and the drink, and the cigarette smoke.
C. What’s more, I didn’t sleep well last night.
D. But we shouldn’t have felt so tired.
E. A good night’s sleep will put you right again.
F. But I could just sit here for ever and ever. And I could never get up.
G. Let’s have some coffee.
61 ____________ 62 ____________ 63 ____________ 64 ____________ 65 ____________
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
此题要求改正所给短文的错误，对标有题号的每一行作出判断。如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾“√”，如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一词：把多余的词用斜线“\”划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线“\”划掉；
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号“∧”，在该行右边横线上写上该加的词；
此行错一个词，在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
What happens to me that day is just unbelievable. The first 66 ___________
thing to go wrong was all the parking spaces were taken, so I 67 ___________
had to park on the grass and hoped that I wouldn’t get parking 68 ___________
ticket. When I went to the admission office, it was already a 69 ___________
long line of students waiting. At the time it was my turn, two of 70 ___________
the course I needed were filled, so I had to go back to my advisor 71 ___________
and make out a whole new timetable. Although I do sign up for 72 ___________
all my courses, but I missed my lunch. The next thing to go wrong 73 ___________
was that the bookstore had sold out all the textbooks required. I was 74 ___________
wondering what else could possible happen when I saw a policeman 75 ___________
standing beside my car and writing out a ticket.
第二节 书面表达(满分35分)
请根据下表中的提示，以 “Kitchen―the Most Important Room in the House”为题写一篇英语
短文。
注意 1. 词数120左右，短文的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)
2．短文要有恰当的结尾，并可根据表中的提示适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
对厨房的看法
说明
家庭进餐处.
烹饪, 聚餐等
家庭谈话地.
聊天，交换信息
食物储藏中心.
随时有吃的
Kitchen―the Most Important Room in the House
Every room in the house is important for its specific function. However, there is one room
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成都市2009届高中毕业班第三次诊断性检测