重庆市万州第一中学初三2006-2007学年期中考试化学试卷万一中化学教研组:王茂峰(化学试卷共分四个大题.满分60分.考试时间48分钟)可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 ——青夏教育精英家教网—

重庆市万州第一中学初三2006-2007学年期中考试化学试卷

万一中化学教研组：王茂峰（命题）

（化学试卷共分四个大题，满分60分，考试时间48分钟）

可能用到的相对原子质量：H－1 C－12 N－14 O－16 S－32 P－31 Cu－64 Fe－56

试题详情

专题三 离子方程式的书写及判断正误的方法

一、高考展望：

离子方程式的书写及判断正误是历年高考中必考的试题之一。主要以选择题形式出现。重点考查客观性原理、等电性原理、书写规则和规范原则。不过，也要注意反应物的物质的量之间的关系，哪种反应物过量的问题。从命题的内容上看，存在以下四个特点：

⑴所考查的化学反应均为中学化学教材中的基本反应，错因大都属于化学式能否拆分、电荷是否配平、产物是否合理和是否漏掉部分反应等；

⑵所涉及的化学反应类型以复分解反应为主，溶液中氧化还原反应所占比例较小。

⑶一些重要的离子反应方程式，在历年高考卷中多次重复。如：碳酸盐与酸反应，Na与H₂O 反应，金属Al或Fe与盐酸或稀硫酸的反应等。

⑷根据信息或实验现象书写离子方程式。这类题型多贯穿在实验或简答题中。

二、考点归纳：

1. 判断离子方程式书写正误的方法：

⑴看离子反应是还符合客观事实，不事主观臆造产物及反应。

⑵看“==” “” “↓ ” “↑”等是否正确。

⑶看表示各物质的化学式是否正确。如HCO₃^－不能写成 CO₃²^－ +H⁺ ,HSO₄^－通常写成SO₄²^－+H⁺ ,HCOO^－不可写成COOH^? 等。

⑷看是否漏掉离子反应。如Ba(OH)₂ 溶液与CuSO₄ 溶液反应，既要写Ba²⁺与SO₄²^－的离子反应，又要写Cu²⁺与OH^-的离子反应。

⑸看电荷是否守恒。如FeCl₂ 溶液与Cl₂ 溶液反应，不能写成Fe²⁺+Cl₂ ==2Fe³⁺+2Cl^－，应写成2Fe²⁺+Cl₂ ==2Fe³⁺+2Cl^-,同时两边的各原子数也应相等。

⑹看反应物与产物的配比是否正确。如稀H₂SO₄ 与Ba(OH)₂ 溶液反应不能写成 H⁺+OH^－+SO₄^2-+Ba²⁺==BaSO₄↓+H₂O ,应写成2H⁺+2OH^－+SO₄²^－+Ba²⁺==BaSO₄↓+2H₂O 。

⑺看是否符合题设条件及要求。如“过量” “少量” “等物质的量” “适量” “任意量以” “滴加顺序”对反应方式或产物的影响。

2. 定量离子方程式的书写方法：

书写这类离子方程式时，首先要搞清反应物物质的量之比，若没告诉比例关系，则要弄清滴加顺序。

⑴开始滴加时，滴管中的反应物是不足量的，而锥形瓶(或烧杯等反应容器)中反应物过量。

①对于中和反应来说：

若碱过量，中和产物为正盐，

若酸或酸性气体在与碱反应时过量，可能生成酸式盐(对多元酸来说)。

②在氧化还原反应中：

若氧化剂过量，能被氧化的元素都将被氧化；

若氧化剂不足量，则还原性强的元素首先被氧化，就像Cl2和FeBr2溶液反应那样。

⑵要具体情况具体分析，看清题意，再写出符合题意的离子方程式。

例1. ⑴将少量NaOH溶液滴入过量的Ca(HCO₃)₂溶液中；

⑵将Ca(HCO₃)₂溶液与 NaOH溶液以溶质的物质的量之比1∶1混合；

⑶将Ca(OH)₂溶液与NaHCO₃溶液以溶质的物质的量比1∶1混合；

⑷少量NaHCO₃溶液滴加到过量的Ca(OH)₂溶液中。

以上离子方程式均可用下式来表示： OH^－+Ca²⁺+HCO₃^－=CaCO3↓+H₂O

例2. ⑴过量的NaOH溶液与Ca(HCO₃)₂溶液反应；

⑵NaOH溶液与Ca(HCO₃)₂溶液以溶质的物质的量之比2∶1反应；

⑶Ca(OH)₂溶液与NaHCO₃溶液以溶质的物质的量比1∶2反应；

⑷Ca(OH)₂溶液与过量的NaHCO₃溶液反应。

其离子方程式均可用下式表示：2OH^－＋2HCO₃^－＋Ca²⁺==CaCO₃↓+2H₂O+CO₃²^－

例3. ⑴氢氧化钡和硫酸溶液反应(物质的量任意比)；

⑵氢氧化钡和硫酸氢钠以溶质的物质的量之比1∶2反应；

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⑶氢氧化钡溶液与过量的硫酸氢钠溶液反应。

均可用下式表示其离子反应：Ba²⁺+ 2OH^－+2H⁺+SO₄²^－==BaSO₄↓+2H₂O

例4. ⑴硫酸氢钠溶液和氢氧化钡溶液以溶质的物质的量比1∶1反应；

⑵NaHSO4溶液和过量的Ba(OH)2溶液反应。

均用下式表示其离子反应：Ba²⁺＋H⁺＋OH^－＋SO₄²^－==BaSO₄↓＋H₂O

例5. ⑴CO₂与NaOH溶液以反应物物质的量之比1∶2反应；

⑵CO₂通入过量的NaOH溶液中。

均用下式来表示其离子反应： CO₂＋2OH^－==CO₃²^－＋H₂O

请思考如下反应的离子方程式应如何表示：

⑴过量CO₂通入NaOH溶液中： CO₂+OH^－==HCO^－₃ ；

⑵CO₂与NaOH溶液以反应物物质的量之比1∶1反应： CO₂+OH^－==HCO^－₃ 。

SO₂跟NaOH溶液的反应呢？

例6. ⑴将少量盐酸滴入NaAlO2溶液中；

⑵NaAlO₂溶液与盐酸以溶质的物质的量之比1∶1反应。

均可用下式表示其离子反应： AlO₂^-+H⁺＋H₂O==Al(OH)₃↓

例7. ⑴将少量NaAlO2溶液滴入盐酸溶液中；

⑵将NaAlO2溶液与盐酸溶液以溶质的物质的量之比1∶4反应。

均用下式表示其离子反应： AlO₂^－+ 4H⁺==Al³⁺+2H₂O

请思考如下反应的离子方程式应如何表示：？

⑴少量NaOH 溶液滴加到AlCl₃溶液中： 3OH^－+Al³⁺==Al(OH)₃

⑵NaOH溶液与AlCl₃溶液以反应物物质的量之比3∶1反应(同上)。

例8. ⑴将少量AlCl3溶液滴加到过量的NaOH溶液中；

⑵NaOH溶液与AlCl3溶液以反应物物质的量之比4∶1反应。

均用下式表示其离子反应： 4OH^－＋Al³⁺= AlO₂^－+2H₂O

例9. ⑴将CO₂通入过量的NaAlO₂溶液中；

⑵CO2与NaAlO2以1∶2的物质的量比反应(在溶液中)。

其离子方程式均可用下式表示：CO₂＋2AlO₂^－＋3H₂O==2Al(OH)₃↓＋CO₃²^－

请思考如下反应的离子方程式应如何表示：

⑴若将过量的CO₂通入NaAlO₂溶液中： CO₂+AlO₂^－+2H₂O==Al(OH)₃+HCO₃^－

⑵CO₂与NaAlO₂以1∶1的物质的量之比在溶液中反应。(同上)

例10. ⑴将少量CO₂通入Na₂SiO₃溶液中；

⑵CO₂与Na₂SiO₃以物质的量之比1∶1反应。

其离子方程式均可用下式表示：CO₂＋SiO₃^2-＋2H₂O== H₄SiO₄↓＋CO₃²^－

例11. KAl(SO₄)₂溶液和Ba(OH)₂溶液反应：

①若两者物质的量之比是1∶2，则表示为：

_ Al³⁺＋2SO4^2-＋2Ba²⁺＋4OH^-=2BaSO4↓+4AlO2^-+2H₂O

②若两者物质的量之比是2∶3，则表示为：

_ 2Al³⁺＋ 3SO4+ 3Ba²⁺＋6OH^-=2Al(OH)3↓＋3BaSO4↓

例12. 若将过量的Cl₂通入FeBr₂溶液中，其离子方程式为：

2Fe²⁺+4Br^－+3Cl₂=2Fe³⁺+2Br₂+6Cl^－

若将少量的Cl₂通入过量FeBr₂溶液中，其离子方程式为：

Cl₂＋2Fe²⁺=2Fe³⁺＋2Cl^－或 2Cl₂＋2Fe²^＋＋2Br^－==4Cl^－＋2Fe³^＋＋Br₂ 。

强调：书写离子方程式时一定要注意如下十个“不要”：

①不要忽视反应条件； ②不要忽视溶液的浓度；

③不要忽视方程式的电荷平衡； ④不要忽视电解质的强弱；

⑤不要忽视了电解质的溶解性； ⑥不要忽视了平衡理论；

⑦不要忽视难溶物溶解性大小的比较； ⑧不要忽视反应中的滴加次序；

⑨不要忽视方程式中系数的化简，当每一项都有公约数时才能化简；

⑩不要忽视反应中量的关系，不足量的反应物应按化学式中比例关系参加反应。

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三、考点强训

试题详情

2006――2007学年高二下期期末调研试卷

语文

济源三中梁存周

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生请铅笔或圆珠笔将自己的姓名和考号填写在规定的位置。

2.选择题答在答题卡很，非选择题直接答在试卷上。

第Ⅰ卷

试题详情

高考语文语言表达题解题指导

河南省济源市第三中学梁存周

语言表达题作为高考的一个难点，以其形式多样，题型灵活，而倍受青睐。它主要测试考点包括：病句、语句衔接，语言表述简明连贯得体、句式变换、仿写、筛选信息重组信息及应用文体写作几大项，而且多集中在第六大题。一般赋分在15分以上，由于考点多且零碎繁琐，头绪繁杂，复习应考时难度较大，因此掌握一些做题方法或技巧再有所侧重很有必要，也能收到事半功倍的效果。

综观近几年的全国高考试题，命题人的意图很明显，我们可以从以下几个方面进行准备：

1、信息筛选重组

主要题型为：拟制新闻标题、概括文段内容（含压缩语段）、提炼关键词等。

做这类题一般应原则是，抓中心语，关键字。因为无论什么样的文段，都有一个中心句（中心句的位置有的在文段的开头，用来总领全文；有的在文段的结尾，用来总结全文；有的在文段中间，用来承上启下。）来涵盖全段的内容，一则短新闻的标题也要求涵盖文段内容，把它提取出来就可以做新闻的标题；相应的提炼关键词，就更简单了把可作为标题的几个相关词素提取出来作为关键词就完成了；概括文段内容的题则相对较复杂些，不仅要提炼中心句，还要求对文中重要信息全部提取，进行信息的重组。做到这一点得分率达到75%是没有问题的。

例：将下面一段话压缩为一句话，表明作者的主张。（不超过22个字）

我绝不反对倾向诗本身。悲剧之父埃斯库罗斯和喜剧之父阿里斯托芬都是有起来强烈倾向的诗人，但丁和塞万提斯也不逊色；而席勒的《阴谋与爱情》的主要价值就在于它是德国第一部有政治倾向的戏剧。现代的那些写出优秀小说的俄国人和挪威人全是有倾向的作家。可是我认为倾向应当从场面和情节中自然而然地流露出来，而不应当特别把他指点出来，同时我认为作家不必要把他所描写的社会冲突的历史和未来的解决办法硬塞给读者。

解析：该语段的中心句为“我绝不反对倾向诗本身”，但并不明晰，而最后一句“可是我认为倾向应当从场面和情节中自然而然地流露出来，而不应当特别把他指点出来，同时我认为作家不必要把他所描写的社会冲突的历史和未来的解决办法硬塞给读者”正是这个中心句的补充和详细陈述，但由于字数的限制及“倾向”这个关键词的制约，中心句的解说应再进一步压缩成“可是我认为倾向应当从场面和情节中自然而然地流露出来”。至于倾向，则可以从下面举的实例中看出来“文学作品”

这个语段应压缩的最后答案就为：文学作品的倾向应当从场面和情节中流露出来。

2、句式变换

主要题型为：一是常式句与变式句的转换，二是长句与短句的转换（或单句与复句的转换）

1常式句变换变式句，这类题型相对简单，主要表现为：肯定句变双重否定定句，或设问句或反问句。而变式句变常式句没有考过。做这类题的关键在于弄清一个概念，变式句因强调而改变常见的结构形式才成为变式句，这时我们就可以根据题目的要求，把要强调的内容提前就成了。肯定句变双重否定句必须注意的是双重否定，这样的句子变成后，要看句的否定词是否成双成对，如果不是需要删去或添加一个；变设问句则必须选准设置问题的关键点，才能准确设置答案；变反问句则只须在句尾加上表示反问的小问句，必须提醒的是，要表示肯定的必须在句尾表示否定的小问句；若要表示否定则必须在句尾加上表示肯定的小问句；反问句的答案在问题的反面。

2长短句之间的转换，要弄明白一个要领，所谓长句实际就是长单句，所谓短句实际就是一个复句。长变短相对而言较简单，提炼出句子的主干成分组成一个知句，其余的附加成分按照要求变成一个个的短句；短变长则相对较为复杂些，要求学生要树立全局意识，通读这几个句子，找出其表意的中心句作为句子的主干成分，其余的小句子或变为定语或变为状语（补语没有出现过这类题型）

如2001年秋季：把下面的长句改成较短的句子，使意思表达得更为清楚。（不得改变原意，可以添加必要的词语）（2分）

现在许多国家都已经能够生产可以独立操作机床、可以在病房细心照料病人、可以在危险区域进行作业的机器人。

我们就可以提炼出主干成分“现在许多国家都已经能够生产机器人”作为一个独立的短句，而附加成分“以独立操作机床、可以在病房细心照料病人、可以在危险区域进行作业”（机器人的定语），可以分别转化成三个独立的短句，只是前面需要赋予它主语“这些机器人”即“这些机器人可以独立操作机床，这些机器人可以在病房细心照料病人，这些机器人可以在危险区域进行作业。”

至于短句变长句，则反其道而行之。

3、仿写和句式选用

1仿写：一般是给定句式再要求仿照这个句子，或另选词语或提出要求再写出一个句子。这些限制有的较明显，有的较隐含，但无论怎样考一般都不超出两个要点，一是句式，二是修辞（最经常出现的是：比喻、拟人、双关、对偶、对比、排比）。

这样要求我们在平时训练时，侧重于对句式的解读，弄清句式的特点，主谓式还是动宾式，或是其他形式一定要弄准确，这样才能指导学生进行仿写；然后，对比喻、拟人、双关、对偶、对比、排比等修辞方法重点训练学生的运用能力；并提醒学生做题时认真读题读准题目的明显要求和隐含要求。

2句式选用：前几年的试题一般出现在第一卷的选择题中，近几年现出在了第六大题。

05年全国卷二：把下列句子填在后面的横线上，组成前后衔接的一段话。（只填句子的序号）（3分）

①它们好像在外面等候了多时。

②在这里看星星，星星在你眼前亮起，一直亮到脑后。

③满天的星星肃然排列，迎面注视着你。

午夜走出帐篷，我被眼前的景象惊呆了。、、你仿佛把头伸进一座古钟里面，内里嵌满活生生的星星。我顿时明白了《敕勒歌》中为什么有“天似穹庐”的句子。

这类题目应该联系前后文，一般照顾三个致性：陈述对象的一致性（一个完整的句子一般只有一个陈述对象即主语，而且前后保持不变），句式的一致性（句式前后统一才能使句子结构匀称整齐美观，读起来琅琅上口），逻辑关系的一致性（主要表现为：空间方位、时间先后，句间关系、观察顺序等）。由待选项来看，前两个一致性基本可以否定，只能用后一项，逻辑关系一致性。我们先看①②③句的关系，①中“它们”作为代词主语，显然不能在本句中找，而应在中，于是指代的内容就应该是②③星星，因此它不能放在②③前。那么处理好②③的关系就大功告成了，我们来分析一下，③“满天的星星肃然排列”是看到的景象即句子中的“眼前景象”，因此它应该衔接前文也就是说③只能放在②的前面。于是答案就是③②①

4、应用文体

常见的文体包括：启事、请谏、合同（契约）、对联、短信、广告词等，这类文体一般要求篇幅矮小精悍，语言精练。这项考查的内容一是文体格式，二是语言得体即谦敬辞的运用，三是即修辞，主要是对偶或谐音（特指对联、短信和广告词）。

这要求老师在平时注意给学生讲清楚必要的文体格式知识，内容上要给学生讲清楚不能少掉任何一项。尤其对联则要求给学生讲清楚上述内容的同时，提醒学生注意对偶这种修辞格式，短信和广告词则需要重点讲清楚谐音修辞格式。

5、句式扩展

这类题主要表现为：给定情景，再按情景扩展其内容，解法要领为：根据情景添枝加叶；或加定语或加状语或补语，视情况而定，一般原则是哪项薄弱加那项；而把握情景和隐含要求是重点也是难点。

例：扩展下面语句，使之具体、生动，字数要在70个左右。

琴声吸引了许多路人驻足倾听。

解析：本题中，情景是隐含的：既然路人都“驻足倾听”，可见琴声的动人之处。而“琴声”相对较薄弱，应作为扩展的重点，需要为它添加枝叶即详细描绘。因为有字数的要求，我们可以考虑全方位添加，即定状补等附加成分均要添加，这样才能达到70个字左右的要求。

试题详情

江苏省石庄高级中学

2008届高三第一次考试

英语试卷

第Ⅰ卷

本试卷共分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分；第I卷满分85分，第II卷满分35分，全卷满分120分。

第一部分：听力（共20题，每小题1分，满分20分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the woman going to do?

A. Buy a gift for the man. B. Attend a birthday party. C. Choose shoes for herself.

2. What is the price of the chair?

A. $15. B. $50 C. $65

3. Where was the woman waiting for the man?

A. On the train. B. On the platform. C. At the information desk.

4. How does the man prefer to go work?

A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot

5. Why must the man go to the bank?

A. He wants to save some money.

B. He needs some money for the business.

C. He has to get traveller’s cheques there.

第二节（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. Why does the man has to ask the way?

A. He is new in the city.

B. He feels sick at the moment.

C. He has a poor sense of direction.

7. What does we know about the woman?

A. She moves about in the city a lot.

B. She knows nothing about the city.

C. She has been in the city for a year.

听下面一段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. Where does this conversation take place?

A. At a travel office. B. At a large hotel. C. At a railway station.

9. What will the woman have enough time to do on the evening of the fifth?

A. Sees the sight of New York.

B. Attend a theatre performance.

C. Shop for what she needs on the train.

2,4,6

A. On the morning of the 3rd.

B. On the evening of the 3rd.

C. On the evening of the 5th.

听下面一段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. What season is it now?

A. It’s spring. B. It’s autumn. C. It’s winter.

12. What do we know about the woman?

A. She likes sports. B. She hates cold weather. C. She never does housework.

13. What is the weather now?

A. It’s cloudy. B. It’s sunny. C. It’s snowy.

听下面一段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. What is the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Father and daughter. B. Master and servant. C. Husband and wife.

15. When does this conversation take place?

A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.

16. What does the woman think of her life?

A. It’s hard and eventful. B. It’s boring and dull. C. It’s busy and colorful.

听下面一段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. Where does the speaker’s voice come from?

A. A cinema. B. A car park. C. An answerphone.

18. When will the Italian film be on next week?

A. From Monday to Thursday.

B. From Monday to Friday.

C. From Monday to Sunday.

19. When will a student probably go to the cinema if he wants the cheaper ticket?

A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday.

20. What can we learn from the talk?

A. A student ticket is half the price.

B. The cinema has a car park of its own.

C. Further information can be gained about the film.

第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)

第一节: 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. ----My children are always arguing.

---- ____

A. Are you sure? B. That's all right. C. Just ignore them. D. How old are the boys?

22. Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.

A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /;

23. , we’ll go on an outing tomorrow.

A. Weather permits B. If weather will permit

C. Weather permitted D. Weather permitting

24. He tried his best to solve the problem, difficult it was.

A. no matter B. however C. whatever D. although

25. In a(n) between management and unions, a 4% pay rise was agreed in return for an increase in production.

A. preference B. compromise C. occasion D. interaction

26. She is well-known ____ her poems and she is also famous ____ an actress.
A. for; for B. as; for C. for; as D. by; for

27. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.

A. which B. that C. where D. it

28. The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.

A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive

29．---- What do you think we can do for our aged parents?

---- You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

A. mustn’t B. oughtn’t to C. don’t have to D. can’t

30. Europeans ________ the main population of America. They can express themselves freely in English.

A. make out B. make up C. make for D. make in

31. The suggestion came from the chairman the new rule adopted.

A. that, be B. whether , would be

C. that, would be D. whether, be

32. Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.

A. marked　　　 B. mark　 C. to mark　　 D. marking

33. Rugao is beautiful city in summer.

A. the most B. a more C. a most D. the more

34.The father is with a big family and has eight people to support.

A. burst B. bother C. bored D. burdened

35. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.

A. was until; when B. was until; that

C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分,满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

In the city of Fujisawa, Japan, lives a woman named Atsuko Saeki When she was a teenager, she 36 of going to the United States. Most of what she knew about American 37 was from the textbooks she had read. "I had a 38 in mind: Daddy watching TV in the living room, Mummy 39 cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema with her boyfriend."

Atsuko arranged to 40 college in California. When she arrived, however, she found it was not her 41 world."People were struggling with problems and often seemed 42 ," she said. "I felt very alone." One of her hardest 43 was physical education. "We played volleyball." she said," the other students were 44 it, but I wasn't."

One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to 45 the ball to her teammates so they could knock it 46 the net. NO problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko. She was afraid of losing face 47 she failed. A young man on her team 48 what she was going through. He walked up to me and 49 , “Come on. You can do that.”

"You will never understand how those words of 50 made me feel. Four words: You can do that I felt like crying with happiness." She made it through the class. Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not 51 .

Six years have passed. Atsuko is back in Japan, working as a salesclerk. "I have 52 forgotten the words." she said. "When things are not going so well, I think of them."

She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness 53 to her. "He probably doesn't even remember it," she said. That may be the lesson. Whenever you say something to a person cruel or kind---you have no idea how long the words will 54. She's all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four 55 words: You can do that.

36. A. learned B. spoke C. dreamed D. heard

37. A. way B. life C. education D. spirit

38. A. photo B. painting C. picture D. drawing

39. A. baking B. frying C. steaming D. boiling

40. A. join B. attend C. take part in D. join in

41. A. described B. imagined C. created D. discovered

42. A. tense B. cheerful C. relaxed D. deserted

43. A. times B. question C. classes D. projects.

44. A. curious about B. good at C. slow at D. nervous about

45. A. kick B. pass C. carry D. hit

46. A. through B. into C. over D. past

2,4,6

48. A. believed B. considered C. wondered D. sensed

49. A. warned B. sighed C. ordered D. whispered

50. A. excitement B. encouragement C. persuasion D. suggestion

51. A. interested B. doubtful C. puzzled D. sure

52. A. never B. already C. seldom D. almost

53. A. happened B. applied C. seemed D. meant

54. A. continue B. stay C. exist D. live

55. A. merciful B. bitter C. simple D. easy

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

The first chocolate was eaten by people in South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate. They used the cocoa bean (可可豆) to make a chocolate drink and they enjoyed it very much. Many years later, the cocoa bean was brought to other countries and people came to love the taste of chocolate.

In 1824, John Cadbury opened a small shop in Britain. One of the things he sold was chocolate drink. In 1831, he opened a factory to make chocolate drink. He wanted to encourage people to drink chocolate instead of other drinks. A few years later, a man called Joseph Fry found a way to make chocolate instead of only drinking it. But at that time chocolate was very expensive and only the rich people could buy it. Later, ad more and more chocolate bars were produced and sold, it became cheaper.

However, at first only plain chocolate (a kind of chocolate without milk and with very little sugar) was produced. Milk chocolate came later and this was made by adding milk to the chocolate. The first milk chocolate bar was made in Cadbury’s factory in 1897. Their most famous chocolate, Cadbury’s Milk Bar, was made in 1905, It has been the most popular chocolate in Britain and around the world for over 100 years. The Cadbury factory is still in Britain and the chocolate produced there is eaten all over the world. Every year, thousands of visitors visit the factory in order to see how chocolate is made.

56. Hundreds of years ago, people first began to drink chocolate in .

A. South America B. South Africa C. Britain D. Australia

57. John Cadbury opened a factory to make chocolate drink in .

A.1824 B.1831 C.1897 D.1905

58. People had the chance to eat chocolate instead of drinking it for the first time .

A. when chocolate was cheaper

B. when more and more chocolate was produced

C. when John Cadbury started to make chocolate drink

D. when Joseph Fry found a way to make chocolate bars.

59. At first, not many people bought chocolate .

A. because it was very expensive

B. because people didn’t like the taste

C. because they wanted to have other drinks

D. because there was no chocolate sold in the shops

B

What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.

Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery(烹饪术) and look for a job where you can improve these skills.

If you have had a part time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.

Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.

60. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?

A. The importance of doing well at school.

B. Using school performance to help to choose a career.

C. The importance of being good at all subjects.

D. The indirect value of schoolwork.

61.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part time job is probably 　　.

A. a waste of time that could have been spent on study

B. useful for his future work

C. a good way to master what is learned in books

D. a good way to find out his weak points

62. According to the passage, if a student’s school record is not good, he 　　.

A. will be a complete failure in his future work

B. will not be able to find a suitable job

C. will regret not having worked harder at school

D. may still do well in his future work

63.The whole passage centers on 　　.

A. choosing a career according to what one is skilled in

B. acquiring knowledge by working hard at school

C. finding one’s strong and weak points

D. developing one’s abilities useful in school work

C

NANNING

Motor wreck(失事)

Eighteen people died and 16 were injured yesterday when a farm vehicle left a mountain road and plunged(冲入) 100 metres into a valley. The accident happened in Fengshan county, in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Police said 17 people, including the driver, died instantly and another died on the way to hospital. Fifteen of the injured passengers are in serious condition.

BEIJING

New library

A new library named after Hong Kong industrialist Xu Rongmao opened yesterday at the Beijing Chemical University. Xu donated(捐款) 5 million yuan (US $604 594) for the building of the Rongmao Library, which covers 8000 square metres.

Xu’s Overseas Investment Group has also donated US $1.21 million to set up an education fund(基金) for the university.

BEIJING

Empty tomb

A live broadcast of the opening of the ancient Laoshan Tomb of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) was cancelled(取消) when the tomb was confirmed(证实) to be empty. Experts believe that most of the relics in the tomb has been taken by grave robbers. A previous live show of digging part of the tomb attracted a large audience, but few cultural relics were found. That the television stations had not been ready for the live show around September 20 also was a reason for the cancellation, officials said.

64. These items of news belong to section in a newspaper.

A. News In Brief B. International Affairs

C. Weather Report D. Advertisement

65. How many passengers died instantly when the motor accident happened?

A. 18. B.17. C.16. D.34.

66. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “previous”?

A. Expensive in value. B. Large in size.

C. Proper in order. D. Early in time.

67. How much has Xu’s Overseas Investment Group donated to set up an education fund for the university?

A. About 10 million yuan. B. About 11 million yuan.

C. About 8 million yuan. D. About 5 million yuan.

D

I have been very lucky to have won the Nobel Prize twice. It is, of course, very exciting to have such an important recognition of my work, but the real pleasure was in the work itself. Scientific research is like an exploration of a voyage of discovery. You are continually trying out new things that have not been done before. Many of them will lead nowhere and you have to try something different, but sometimes an experiment does work and tells you something new and that it really exciting. However small the new finding may be it is great to think “I am the only person who knows this” and then you will have the fun of thinking what this finding will lead to and of deciding what will be the next experiment. One of the best things about scientific research is that you are always doing something different and it is never boring. There are good times when things go well and bad times when they don’t. Some people get discouraged at the difficult times but when I have a failure my policy has always been not to worry but to start planning the next experiment, which is always fun.

It is very exciting to make a new discovery. Some people will do the strangest things for this excitement, such as going round the world in a balloon or walking to the North Pole. There are not many new places to explore but there is a lot of new information to be discovered in science and a journey into this unknown area can be much more worthwhile and just as exciting.

I am sometimes asked,“What do I have to do to win a Nobel Prize?” My answer is “I don’t know. I have never tried”.But I know of one way not to win one. There are some people whose main reason for doing science is to win prizes and are always thinking about how to do it. Such people don’t succeed. To do good science you must be interested in it and enjoy doing experiments and thinking out problems. And, of course, you must be prepared to work hard and not to be too discouraged by failures.

68. In the author’s eyes his greatest pleasure in all his lifetime is_______.

A. to win the Noble Prize for the first time

B. to be awarded the Noble Prize for the second time

C. in the work itself

D. to have a much more important recognition of his work

69. What would the writer do when he had a failure?

A. He would forget about this failure and start the next experiment.

B. He used to be worried about it for several days and never forget it.

C. He always gave up his study as the result of the failure.

D. He used to continue his study and then to do it again.

70. What should you have to do in order to do well in your scientific study?

A. You must carry out the experiments again and again, and you ought to enjoy doing them.

B. You must be interested in your study and be always thinking out your problems all the time.

C. You will have to be prepared to work hard and not to be discouraged by failures.

D. All the above.

71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The author could still keep calm when he heard the news that he had won the Nobel Prize.

B. The writer always gave up his courage when he met with some difficulties in the course of

his scientific research.

C. In the field of science there are still many new things which need to be studied further.

D. There are still many new exciting places to explore in the world.

E

D day is a term(术语) used to stand for the starting day of a campaign or planned series(一系列) of actions. When the secret starting date is unknown, secret or subject to change, D day is the reference point which helps planners arrange every step of campaign. For example, the day before D day is D-1;the day after:D+1,D+2 and so on.

The letter D here stands for Day, so D day actually means Day day. More commonly the term has a military usage(军事惯用法).In fact, it came into being during the First World War, but it was during the Second that D day got its common usage.

The beginning of the end of the Second World War was the allied landing of Europe, and D day was its starting date. After months of careful planning, the exact day was fixed on June 5,1944.Because of impossible weather conditions, at the minute the landing was put off until the following day.

72.If a man-made satellite is planned to launch on August 1st,but for some reason, it is launched on July 29th,then according to the passage, the day is .

A. D-2 B. D-3 C. D+2 D. D+3

73. The allied landing of Europe .

A. brought the Second World War to an end B. took place on the day D-1

C. started the Second World War D. was the end of the Second World War

74. Why was the landing of Europe put off in the Second World War?

A. Because it had been carelessly planned.

B. Because it was fine that day.

C. Because it wasn’t fit for attacking that day.

D. Because it was raining that day.

75. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?

A.D day is a term used only in a campaign.

B.D day is helpful for people to plan something.

C. In fact, the term D day is June 5,not June 6.

D. June 1st, Children Day can be called D day.

2,4,6

第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：对话填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列对话，并根据各题所给的首字母的提示，在答题卡右栏中标有题目的横线上，写出一个英语单词的完整、正确的形式，使对话通顺。

2,4,6

B: Hi, Sue. I’m waiting to check in. Are you f 76 to New York, too?

A: No, I’ve come to see Michael o 77 . I want to have a talk with him b 78 he leaves.

B: But it’s about time to c 79 in.

A: Yes. I’m a bit worried. I don’t know what’s wrong with him. Why hasn’t he t 80 up even at this minute?

B: You know, he never worries about a 81 .

A: Sometimes he seems a bit strange, doesn’t he? But he looks like a very efficient man. He never lets you down at work.

B. Oh, come on. Sue! Some people say w 82 we need him most, he is n 83 to be found.

A: Really? But it seems to me that he’s a busy guy, and an important person for the company. That’s why I a 84 him.

B: But he strikes me as an unreliable person.

A: Unreliable? Um… Oh, that sounds interesting.

B: Ah, there he comes. I see him r 85 this way.

76 ______________

77______________

78______________

79______________

80______________

81______________

82______________

83______________

84______________

85_______________

第二节书面表达（满分25分）

在谈论一个国家时，人们常常会说到它具有代表性的文化。中国有很多的历史遗迹。其中，最具代表性的莫过于长城了。请根据以下以下所给要点的提示,写一篇关于中国长城的短文。

要点：1.介绍长城及其历史；2.长城在国内外的影响；3.对长城的认识和保护

注意：1.不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥，使文章连贯。2.词数：120左右。3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

People often associate a country with some famous aspects of its culture.

China is home to many historic sites, of which the Great Wall can best represent the architecture and culture of that time.

2,4,6

(Text1)

W: I wish you’d come shopping with me this Saturday.

2,4,6

W: Well, it’s difficult to buy a new pair of shoes for your birthday without your feet being present.

(text2)

M: I thought that the chair cost 50 dollars.

W: It used to, but the price has gone up 15 dollars.

M: Well, that’s more than I can afford, I’m afraid.

(text3)

M: Where have you been all this morning? The train is about to leave.

W: Sorry I’m late, but I was waiting for you at the information desk upstairs. It’s lucky I thought of looking for you here on the platform.

(text4)

W: If I were you, I’d take bus to work. Driving in that rush hour traffic is terrible.

M: But, you know, by the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren’t any seats left. What’s more, I have to walk for 10 minutes to get to the bus stop.

(text5)

W: Hey! What’s the rush?

M: The bank closes in half an hour and I’m badly in need of money.

W: Oh, I can lend you some.

M: Actually, I want to buy some traveller’s cheques; I’m going on a trip this weekend.

(text6)

M: Excuse me. Could you tell me which way Dobson’s bookstore is?

W: Yes, it’s that way. Go two blocks, and then turn left. It’s on the corner opposite the post office.

M: Thanks. I’ve been in the city for a few years, so I really don’t know my way around yet.

W; Oh, I know how you feel. We moved here a year ago, and I still don’t know where everything is.

(text7)

M: Can I help you?

W: Yes. I’m going on a tour in New York.

M: Well, let me see… it’s two nights in the hotel, but there are five days altogether.

W: I see. I arrive early on the third and leave at 10:30 p.m. on the fifth.

M: That’s great. AS you see, you should be looked through to Chicago on the fifth. So it really is a full day on the fifth. Plenty of time for shopping and sightseeing . You’ll even have enough time for a show in the evening because the train station is near the theater.

W: I think that’ll work out fine. I hope I’ll be able to sleep on the train.

M: Believe me, it’ll be an interesting experience to ride on the train.

(text8)

W: The temperature hasn’t got above five degrees centigrade for three weeks, and it’s supposed to snow again tonight. We have to clear the snow off the steps. This is not beautiful!

M: I don’t mind the extra work. For me, it’s worthwhile to be able to experience the fresh air. And you know how I love skiing, ice-skating and …

W: I know, and I’m glad you’re having fun. It’s just that I’m tired of being cold. I wish spring were here.

M: Well, I agree that winter does seem long when we get to January.

W: It seemed long to me in November.

M: It doesn’t look nice today. There’s no sign of fun. Look, the sky over there in the west is getting dark.

(text9)

M: What’s the matter?

W: It’s just life. It’s all right for you. You’ll leave the house in five minutes. I’ll be there all day. You won’t come back till seven o’clock.

M: One of us must go to work, dear.

W: Yes, but your day is interesting. My day is the same every day.

M: My work isn’t always interesting.

W: I know, but you travel around, you meet different people and you do different things. Who will I meet today? What will I do? Er? I’ll wash up, feed the baby, do the washing, clean the house, bathe the baby, take the dog for a walk…

M: But …but…

W: Then I’ll go to the supermarket, prepare dinner, meet you at the station, have dinner, wash up again…

M: But…

W: Then I’ll feed the baby again, put the baby to bed…What a life! Today, tomorrow, this week, next week, this month, next year…forever.

(text10)

W: Thank you for calling the North London Arts Cinema, Wood Green. There is no one to answer your call at the moment. the North London Arts Cinema is open seven days a week, showing a variety of British and foreign films. Next week we will show an Italian film called Midnight Meeting. It is set in Milan in the 1950s. You can see that film from Monday to Thursday. It will be on twice a day in the evening. That’s at 6:45 and 9:15. The film lasts 2 hours and 15 minutes. Tickets are ￡4, but there is a special student ticket at ￡2.80 for all our midweek films. Please bring your student card if you want the cheaper ticket. The nearest car park to the cinema is in Hauxtin Street. That’s H-A-U-X-T-I-N. It’s just five minutes’ walk from the cinema.

Thank you for calling the North London Arts Cinema. If you require further information, phone during office hours―9:00a.m. to 4:30p.m. Monday to Friday

听力测试 1-5 ACCAC 6-10 CCABC 11-15 CBACA 16-20 BCABC

单项填空21-25 CCDBB 26-30 CABCB 31-35 AACDD

完形填空36-40 CBCAB 41 -45 BACBD 46-50 CBDDB 51-55 DADBC

阅读理解56-60 ABDAB 61-65 BDAAC 66-70 DACAD 71-75 CBACB

对话填空76. flying 77. off 78. before 79. check 80. turned

81. anything 82. when 83. nowhere 84. admire 85. running

书面表达

People often associate a country with some famous aspects of its culture. China is home to many historic sites, of which the Great Wall can best represent the architecture and culture of that time.

The Great Wall dates back to two thousand years ago, when the emperors built long great walls to defend their countries. Since China opened to the world, it has attracted millions of tourists at home and abroad, which is beneficial to China’s development. But it also has some bad effect on the Great Wall. Many parts are being damaged by increasing numbers of tourists.

As a result, the government has begun the enterprise of protecting these historic sites. A great deal of money has been collected to restore it. At the same time, it is also our duty to treasure and protect the monument of the Chinese people.

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黄冈中学、启黄初中2007届上学期期末三校联考

语文试题

（时间：120分钟，满分：120分）

命题： 陶秀琪邓伏黄

校对人：陶秀琪邓伏黄

审稿人：陶秀琪

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高中语文第五册古诗文测试题

说明：时间：150分钟满分：150分

识记和理解

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北京市海淀区2007年高三年级第一学期期末练习

语文

2007．1

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共30分）

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高中政治高考复习―― 【高考要点】

李俊龙 2007.8

【经济】第一课商品和商品经济

第一节　　商品

Ｋ１商品和商品经济的含义

★　１．商品的含义（即：物品成为商品的条件）：①　　　　　　②

部分特殊商品：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

★　２．商品生产的含义：

　　３．商品经济产生和发展的根本原因：

４．商品经济产生的条件：①　　　　　　②

★　５．商品经济的含义：

６．商品经济发展的过程：＿＿＿＿＿　＿＿＿＿＿　＿＿＿＿＿　＿＿＿＿＿

（①商品　　②商品交换　　③市场　　④商品生产　　⑤商品经济　　⑥货币　⑦商品流通　　⑧市场经济）

Ｋ２商品的基本属性

１．使用价值的含义：

２．价值的含义：

３．交换价值的含义：

４．价格的含义：

★　５．价值和使用价值的关系：

①区别：

②联系：a．统一性：

b．对立性：

６．运用使用价值和价值的关系，说明提高产品质量的意义：

①对于商品生产者和经营者：

②对于消费者：

③对于国家：

Ｋ２商品的价值量

　　１．价值量的含义与决定因素：

２．社会必要劳动时间的含义与影响因素：

　　３．劳动生产率的表示方法：①　　　　　　②

★　４．提高劳动生产率的意义：

　　　　①个别劳动生产率的提高：

②社会劳动生产率的提高：

★　５．要素关系：（在划线上标出正反比关系）

价值量

社会必要劳动时间　　　　　　　　社会劳动生产率

个别劳动时间　　　　　　　　　　个别劳动生产率

价值总量

第二节　　货币

Ｋ１货币的产生与本质

　　１．货币的产生过程：①　　　　　　②　　　　　③　　　　　④

★　２．等价物、一般等价物、货币、纸币的区别与联系：

　　　　三者共性： ①等价物：

　　　　 ②一般等价物：

　　　　 ③货币：

　　　　 ④纸币：

其中，纸币与另三者的区别是：

　　３．货币的含义与本质：

　　４．货币与金银的关系：

Ｋ２货币的职能：

　　１．货币的基本职能：

　　２．货币的其他衍生职能：

★　３．货币五大职能各自的含义、特点：

　　　　①货币在执行＿＿＿＿＿职能时是观念的货币，其他职能则是实在的货币；

②货币在执行＿＿＿＿＿职能时，不仅是实在的货币，而且必须是足值的；

③区分流通手段和支付手段：

a．流通手段特点：

b．支付手段特点：

c．常见的支付手段：

★　４．商品流通的含义：

Ｋ３纸币的产生与发展：

　　１．纸币产生的原因：①铸币实际含量与名义含量的分离； ②纸币的优点

★　２．纸币的含义与本质：

★　３．纸币的职能：

①只有金属货币才能执行，而纸币不能执行的职能：

②纸币可以执行的职能：

③只有如美圆等硬通纸币才能执行＿＿＿＿＿职能．

价值尺度流通手段支付手段贮藏手段世界货币

金属货币

纸币

★　４．纸币的发行规律??流通中所需货币量（纸币发行量的确定）公式：

　　流通中所需货币量　=　────────── (注意正反比关系)

★　５．通货膨胀与通货紧缩：

　　①产生原因：a．通涨：

b．通缩：

　　②各自特点：a．通涨：物价＿＿＿，货币＿＿＿，供求＿＿＿

b．通缩：物价＿＿＿，货币＿＿＿，供求＿＿＿

　　③治理措施：a．通涨：财政＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，金融＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

b．通缩：财政＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，金融＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

★　６．国家有权规定纸币的：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

　　国家无权规定纸币的：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

　　７．对待金钱（货币）的态度：

第三节　　价值规律

Ｋ１价值规律的内容

★　１．价值规律的内容：①　　　　　　　　　　　　②

★　２．价值规律的表现形式：价格围绕价值上下波动．

　　　　①等价交换的原因：

②等价交换的＂价＂，是指：

③等价交换的实际表现，不存在于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，而是体现在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．

④价格的波动必然＂围绕价值＂的原因：

⑤价格发生波动的原因：

★　３．影响价格的因素：①决定因素：＿＿＿＿；②其他主要影响因素：＿＿＿＿．

★　４．供求关系与价格之间的关系：

★　５．几种特殊价格：

　　①优质优价──产品优质优价的原因：

②邮票、古董、名画； ③垄断价格； ④国家定价； ⑤投机价格

Ｋ２价值规律的作用

★　（理解三大作用的原因、作用的形式、指导意义）

１．调节作用：

　２．刺激作用：

　　３．优胜劣汰作用：

总体而言，价值规律的作用是：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

（理解：企业以市场和价格为导向，就是遵循价值规律．）

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