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08理综化学高考的启示与09复习策略

???陕西省宝鸡市石油中学 冯秋红   (721002)

 

摘要:从近年来的理综化学高考命题“实施知识立意向能力立意转化”的趋势,结合现状分析探讨化学教学中存在的不足,论述教学重心由注重知识传输转向注重能力培养的迫切性和可行性。指导处理好知识与能力的辨正关系,提高化学教学效率,促进素质教育的全面实施。

 

关键词:化学  高考   启示  对策

 

每年有一次“地震”,高考就是震源。对教学,对管理,对学生,对老师都会有震感,使中国教育在反思,在探索……而今年是有强烈震感的,2008年理综(陕西卷)着实让陕西考生郁闷了一把,尤其是一直以“容易”面孔出现的化学试题难度陡然增加,绊倒了不少考生。结合试题盘点,我们不难发现以下显著的特点。

1、高考化学试题打破了知识板块壁垒,加大了学科内知识整合力度,涌现出大量将实验与元素化合物知识、计算知识相结合,有机化合物知识和有关计算相结合,定性分析和定量计算相结合的试题,昭示出清晰的命题指向;如26题将化学的基本理论、元素化合物知识、化学实验以及化学计算综合在一起考查,就表现出此类特点。

2、出题的意图,实施知识立意向能力立意转化,这是高考主攻方向。试卷中越来越多的试题由知识型考查转向能力型考查,对知识点的要求难度降低,但能力要求更高。如现在高考题中很少在知识深度上做文章,往往是把书本上的知识点与生产实际、日常生活、工业流程联系起来,所以,虽说有关的知识点并不难,但它要求学生的阅读能力、联系实际的能力要进一步提高。如26题注重考核学生的能力,学生只有具备较好的阅读能力,才能理解、分析所给信息,并利用所获得的信息去解决问题。考生如果阅读能力较差,往往会看不懂题目,一旦读懂题意后,化学方面的知识点并不难,将游刃有余。

3、出题角度改变,带来试题亮点,信息能力、图表信息分析题、开放题有所增加,通过改造、扩充、延伸传统试题,稳定试卷难度,同时向“题海”战术提出挑战;在看似简单的背景知识下,创新设问方式和答题指向,考查出考生思维的灵活性、广阔性和全面性。对学生运用知识解决问题的能力进行考查。高考中的有些信息可能是考生没有学过,它可能涉及到化学基本理论、元素及其化合物以及某些具体反应等等。28题的化学实验本身并不难,难在物质的推断上,它保持了近几年来源于教材实验的风格点。它要求考生首先要接受试题所给出的信息,其次将试题所给出的信息与课内所学的知识点相结合起来,最后在仔细了解本题的要求后迅速、全面、正确地给与回答。实验原理来自教材内容,实验装置高于教材,但却基础、新颖,虽然物质PbO未学过,不过与该物质PbO的相应分数并不多,只是方程式的书写,许多考生受思维定势影响,非要将Mz中的M推倒出来,以至于一条道走到黑,学的太死,无法得出正确结论;对于只会机械读书、机械应用书本知识的考生来说,就不是那么容易得分了。

根据以上特点,给了我们教学以下启示:素质教育已经不再只是单纯的提倡口号,而是当今教育的实实在在的必须,高考既是对人才的选拔,也是对我们平日教学成果的考查。通过理论与实际的联系,在分析和解决具体问题的情境中,考查学生的“双基”掌握程度和知识综合运用能力,仍是高考化学命题的主要指向。这就要求我们教学中必须立足双基,重视能力培养,在提高学生素质上下功夫。那么如何才能实现这一愿望呢?

1、扎扎实实抓“双基”教学

立足双基,网络化知识结构,打破条块分割,系统化的学习练习。把(Ⅰ)卷(Ⅱ)卷中“送分送到手”的题先牢固抓住在基础上求变、求新、求灵活。在平时教学中,应在打好基础、培养能力上做文章,帮助学生形成条理化、有序化、网络化的知识结构,改变“题海战术”的训练模式,有意识地把教学过程变为化学思维活动的过程,充分调动学生思维活动的积极性,在习题教学中增强交互性,解题后注意反思。不断完善提高发展能力。

2理论联系实际,活学活用在能力培养上下功夫。

化学基本知识、基本技能是每年化学高考试题的基本出发点,但试题的呈现往往灵活多变,这就要求我们对每个知识点应有所突破,不应停留在听起来都懂,做起来都不会,那样是浮于表面的“死”知识,是经不起考验的。在高考复习过程中应通过适当的化学问题与练习,不断的自我反思,体会以不变应万变的感觉,并在变中的思考时有依据可循,若没有固着点,则会因出题情形的改变而使考生做题时没有头绪、思路。因此虽说近几年高考各方面能力要求在提高,但能力的提高不是一句空话,而应该是在狠抓基础知识,对知识点能有所突破,有所参悟,从而达到提高思维能力的结果。

中学化学中的创新教育不是去开拓和创新未知的知识和知识体系,而是创设一定条件和氛围,引导、启发学生去模拟、探究原科学家的实践活动过程,发现“新”现象,通过联想、判断、推理和综合分析,归纳出物质呈现如此现象的本质和规律,化学是一门以实验为基础的学科,在平时教学过程中,要充分利用化学实验或其它直观条件激发学生的观察兴趣,引导学生掌握基本的观察方法,把观察和思维紧密地结合起来,使学生养成良好的观察习惯。如在引导学生观察实验仪器时,要求学生弄清实验仪器的各结构名称、使用方法与使用条件;观察实验现象时,要求学生从整体到局部,从静到动,从反应物到生成物的状态,要弄清观察对象的主要特征及变化情况,引导学生从化学现象中发现问题、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题。同时,教师要在实验时留有“空白”和“开发区”,引导学生去发现,去创新,锻炼自己的创新实践能力。把所学的知识和现实生活联系起来,学以致用,以用促学,在不断的探索中发展能力,提高素质。

一年一度的高考备受世人关注, 无论从整体看,从个体看还是从命题看,升学竞争实际上已是全面素质的竞争。化学科高考命题其主要功能在于选拔优秀学生,并指导中学化学教学。因而在命题原则上体现出既有利于为高校选拔优秀学生,又有利于对中学教学起到良好的导向作用。因此,研究和分析近年来的高考试卷,对于今年乃至今后的教学走向和高考复习指导具有十分重要的作用。对改变“应试教育”,实施素质教育,提高化学教学效率是一个很好的促进。

 

 

 

 

试题详情

江西省白鹭洲中学08―09年度高二英语下学期第一次月考试卷

命题人: 刘丽兰             审题人: 胡苗琴  

第Ⅰ卷(三部分,共115分)

 

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)

第一节  (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题目所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Why does the woman go to the city?

       A、To meet her father.

B、To stay here.                             C、To find a job.

2.What is Frank planning to do?

A、Move to a big city.

B、Become a teacher.                           C、Go back to school.

3.What does the woman mean?

A、The plan will be put off if it is raining.

B、The plan will be cancelled if it is raining.

C、The plan will be carried out whether it is raining or not.

4.How many languages does BBC World Service use?

       A、34.                       B、35.                       C、36.

5.Where is the woman’s mother now?

       A、At home.             B、In hospital.   C、At work.

第二节  (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C、三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的听第6段材料,回答6至8题。

6.What are the two speakers going to do now?

A、To eat something.

B、To call their friend.                   C、To walk around town.

7.Why does the man want the woman to meet Howard?

A、He is a funny man.

B、He is the hotel manager.           C、He is leaving the town soon.

8.When will the two spekers meet Howard?

A、Before 1:00         B、At 12:30              C、After 1:00

听第7段材料,回答9至11题。

9.Why does Alice call Don?

A、Don’s dog barks a lot.

B、Don is quarrelling with his wife.

C、Don’s dog gives off a strange smell.

10.How does Don feel at first when he gets the phone?

A、Regretful.               B、Surprised.             C、Annoyed.

11.What will Don probably do after the conversation?

A、To go on sleeping.      B、To go out a moment.

C、To feed his dog.

听第8段材料,回答12至14题。

12.What did the man blame air pollution at first?

A、Cars.                    B、People.                 C、Factories.

13.Why did the woman dislike the man driving to school?

A、He made travelling inconvenient.

B、He missed a lot of exercise.           

C、He spent too much money on his car.

14.What is the relationship between the speakers?

A、Husband and wife.           B、Student and techer.

C、Boss and employee.

听第9段材料,回答15至17题。

15.What do you think Robert Redford is?

A、An actor.                    B、The man’s boss.

C、The manager of the cinema.

16.What can we learn about Saturday?

A、It will be sunny.         B、They will stay home that day.

C、A good film will be on that day.

17.What will they do before they go out to the movies on Saturday?

A、Meet Ed and Jean.            B、Play tennis.

C、Have a big dinner outside.

听第10段材料,回答18至20题。

18.Who is the speaker most probably talking to?

A、Some tourists.            B、Some students.           C、Some researchers.

19.When will the group of people probably get up tomorrow?

A、At 5:00 am.         B、At 5:30 am.         C、At 6:00 am.

20.What shouldn’t they take tomorrow?

A、The map.             B、Warm clothes.            C、Video cameras.

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节  单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21.----     I didn’t pass the English exam.

    ----     next time, and you’ll succeed.

A、Working hard                                   B、Work hard  

C、To work  hard                              D、With hard work

 22.We were all shocked at the     news that he was in      prison.

A、the; the               B、the; a             C、/; /                 D、the; /

23.Excuse me, six, Mr white has arrived,      he wait outside or just come in ?

A、Shall                     B、May              C、Could           D、Must

24.I really don’t know     I had my money stolen.

A、it was where that                                    B、when was it that

C、where it was that                                    D、that it was when

25.When running around the corner, Mike was in      with another boy.

A、contact   B、connection          C、collision         D、conflict

26.      by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently.

A、Driven                                              B、Being driven       

C、To drive                                     D、Having driven

27.Everyone arrived Late at the party, for      reasons.

A、a number of                              B、a great deal of   

C、a variety of                              D、Large guantities of

28.----Why didn’t you go fishing with your friends yesterday ?

    ----Well, fishing is a hobby which       a great deal of patience, which I don’t have .

A、calls in                                              B、calls for              

C、calls up                                       D、calls on

29.He has put up a private company, but he     in the college for about 15years.

A、works                                             B、has been working

C、worked                                         D、had worked

30.We agreed to accept     they thought was the best tourist guide.

A、whoever                                        B、whomever 

C、whatever                                       D、whichever

31.I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply      not let me come throgh the gate.

A、could          B、would          C、might             D、should

32.The      marine organisms take      the density of water is great.

A、use of                                     B、advantage,with  

C、disadvantage of                      D、advantage, of

33.The book was boring, it wasn’t       to me.

A、benefit                                    B、benefited            

C、benefiting                              D、of benefit

34.     , his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

A、As is believed                         B、It is believed       

C、He is believed that                 D、Who believed that

35.Mum had to cook different courses for Mike , for his tastes are      .

A、various          B、variety        C、vary     D、varied

第二节 完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)

Nowadays lots of students ask their parents for money to buy things they like. For me, to ask for money is like entering a(n)  36   . I learned this from  37   .

Last year my mother told me that the   38   way I would get my driver’s license before I turned eighteen depended on   39   I paid for the classes myself. “What ?”I asked in   40   .Judging by the look on my mother’s face, I knew   41  that my reasoning would have no   42   on the situation.

Three weeks later, I started working   43   a hostess at a factory, twice a week. A month later I paid $270 for driving lessons, and then over $20 to   44   my permit test ?all paid for by   45   other than yours truly. My pockets were empty   46    as soon as they were filled.

My mother thought that I’d be   47   to do things without her help. The funny thing was that even though I was totally   48   in the beginning. I truly appreciated it,  49   if I had just been handed bills from her.

When I realized that my mother wasn’t going to   50   something like a driver’s license, at first, it seemed as if she had put an immovable   51    before me and I would never   52   it. But my mother was   53   . She knew that I wanted a luxury(奢侈品) but   54   me to get it. That is as   55   as this―if I really want it, I’ll find a way to get it myself.

36.A、office                B、prison                 C、battlefield        D、bank

37.A、facts              B、experience      C、lessons            D、quarrels

38.A、best                   B、proper                  C、same                D、only

39.A、whether            B、that                   C、how                        D、when

40.A、trouble              B、disbelief             C、comfort            D、horror

41.A、hurriedly           B、jokingly             C、instantly        D、unexpectedly

42.A、effect                B、sense                    C、effort               D、result

43.A、with                  B、for                        C、like                   D、as

44.A、pass                  B、take                      C、hold                        D、gain

45.A、all                            B、any                       C、none                 D、some

46.A、almost               B、even                     C、still                   D、yet

47.A、ready                      B、likely                    C、unhappy           D、unable

48.A、terrified            B、annoyed               C、tired                        D、disturbed

49.A、more than         B、rather than        C、no more               D、no longer

50.A、pay                   B、raise                     C、buy                      D、fund

51.A、stone                 B、log                    C、block                   D、mass

52.A、get about          B、get by               C、get through         D、get over

53.A、wise                  B、mistaken           C、strict                   D、kind

54.A、dared                B、forced               C、encouraged         D、expected

55.A、well                  B、far                     C、soon                    D、simple

第三部分  阅读理解(共20小题; 每小题2分,满分40分)

A

  Scientists have discovered 11 new species of plants and animals in Vietnam, including a snake, two butterflies and five orchid varieties, the World Wildife Fund said Wednesday.

  The new species were found in a remote region known as the “Green Corridor” in Thua Thien Hue province in central Vietnam, the international conservation group said. “You can only discover so many new species in very special places, and the Green Corridor is one of them,”Chris Dickinson, the WWF’s chief technical adviser in the region, said in a statement.

  The new snake species, the white-lipped keel back, generally lives near streams and eats frogs and other small animals, the WWF said . It has a yellow-white stripe along its head, red dots on its body and can grow to more than 30 inches long.

  The new butterfly species are among eight discovered in Thua Thien Hue since 1996. One is a “skipper”, a butterfly that flies in a quick, darting motion.

  Three of the new orchid species are leafless, which is unusual for orchids, the WWF said. The other new plant species include one in the aspidistra family, which produces a black flower and can exist in low light ,and arum(海芋属植物), which produces yellow flowers surrounded by funnelshaped leaves.

  “It’s great news for Vietnam,” said Bernard O’Callaghan, Vietnam program coordinator for the World Conservation Union. “The jungles and mountains of  Vietnam are fascinating places and they continue to surprise scientists.” The WWF said all the new species are exclusive to tropical forests in Vietnam’s Annamits mountain range. It said all the species in the area are under threat from illegal logging, hunting and development.

56.Which would be the best title for this text?

A、New Plants and Animals in Vietnam

B、Importance of New Species in Vietnam

C、Great News for Vietnam

D、New Plant and Animal Species Found in Vietnam

57.Which of the following is NOT false according to the passage?

A、The new snake species was found in the “Green Corridor” in eastern Vietnam.

B、Chris Dickinson probably believes that the above mentioned species exist nowhere else in the world but tropical forests in Vietnam’s Annamits mountain range.

C、The newly-found snake species lives near streams and eats small animals except frogs.

D、The Green Corridor is the only special place to discover so many new species.

58.By saying “The jungles and mountains of Vietnam are fascinating places and they continue to surprise scientists”,the author intends to     .

A、express that scientists often get surprised at such jungles and mountains

B、warn people against walking in the jungles and mountains

C、say that scientists are eager to make important finds in the jungles and mountains

D、tell readers that scientists are afraid to go to these fascinating places

59.All these statements are true EXCEPT       .

A、“skipper” is one of the new butterfly species that can fly quickly

B、the new butterfly species was originally discovered in 1996

C、an arum is not a branch of the new orchid species

D、the local government has taken effective measures to protect these rare species

 

B

The Australian continent is a land like no other. Its animals, plants and landscapes have evolved (演化) over one thousand years, and there are about a million different natural species (物种)in Australia. More than 80 per cent of the country’s plants and animals are unique to Australia, along with most of the fish and almost half the birds.

Australia has more than 140 species of marsupials (有袋动物),including koalas, wombats and the Tasmanian devil, now found only in the Australian wilderness. More than 750 species of birds have been recorded in Australia, 350 of which are found nowhere else in the world. Among them are the kookaburra, the rainbow lorikeet and fairy penguins. There are also 55 differernt species of macropods―the kangaroo family―native to Australia. They vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from half a kilogram to 90 kilograms.

The country has been making every effort to protect its natural heritage. Despite the large size of the continent, the majority of Australians live on the coast and in major cities―around 75 per cent of Australia’s population lives in city areas.

Australia is the driest continent on earth. Its center has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is dry. These dry areas extend from the large central deserts to the western coast. Soils in these areas are very poor compared to other deserts. This has given Australians a great challenge.They have to make the best use of the variety of regions to meet the competing demands of agriculture, economy and conservation.

60.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

       A、Australia is a very large country.

B、Australia has a very long history.

C、Australia has its unique natural species.

D、Australia has the largest number of plants and animals in the

world.

61.Wombats and the Tasmanian devil are the names of        .

       A、plants            B、animals         C、places            D、people

62.About        kinds of birds can only be found in Australia.

       A、140               B、350               C、400               D、750

63.Most of Australians live        .

       A、in the middle of the country           B、in the countryside

C、in the west of the country               D、in the coastal cities

 

C

In a survey of 1,500 European hotel managers, Americans were ranked second, behind the Japanese, as the world's best tourists. In the survey, conducted in April by the online travel site Expedia's German branch, Americans were seen as the most likely to try to speak a foreign language and the most interested in sampling local food.

Americans came in third, behind the Japanese and British, as the "most polite" tourists, and third, behind the Japanese and Germans, as "best behaved." And - we're sure this has nothing to do with how the hotel managers view Americans - Americans were ranked far and away as the world's most generous tippers and biggest spenders.

On the other hand, Americans were seen as the shabbiest dressers, the most likely to complain and the second noisiest. Who's louder? Only the Italians.

Some of the other findings: Russians were seen as the least polite travelers, followed by the Israelis and French. The stingiest tippers: the Germans, followed by the French and Israelis.

Italians, by far, were ranked as the best dressers, followed by the French and Spanish. In terms of bad dressing, the British were a distant second to Americans, followed by the Germans.

Who's the most unwilling to try speaking in a foreign language? The French, the British and the Italians, in that order.

The Chinese are the most reluctant to sample foreign food, followed closely by - this is strange - the British, whose home cuisine is probably the world's most seriously laughed at (a little unfairly, perhaps.)

And, finally, the overall award for "worst tourists in the world" goes to the French, with the Indians and Chinese taking home the silver and bronze, respectively.

64.The writer presents the passage here hoping to ________.

A.praise some travelers                       

B.criticize some travelers  

C.present the result of a survey           

D.encourage people to travel

65.Considering the best behaviour, the tourists ranking second are from _______.

A.Britain         B.America         C.Japan            D.Germany

66.According to the survey, the worst dressers in tourists are ____.

A.the British      B.Americans      C.the Germans     D.the Spanish

67.The underlined word “cuisine” can be replaced by ________.

A.cooking                    B.decoration         

C.education              D.management

 

D

Two University of Oklahoma scientists are starting research that they hope will someday lead to the development of a vaccine(疫苗) to fight against the HIV Virus, which causes AIDS.

  The research, to be carried out by Mark Lang, an assistant professor at the OU Health Sciences Center, and microbiologist John West , will examine the basic aspects of the immune system, rather than the complex aspects of the virus.

  They theorize that if a key function of the body’s immune system can be found exactly, it could be the first step toward developing a vaccine.

  “To develop a new vaccine, we realzed we first have to study and understand the immune system,” Lang said. 

Lang said their work will focus on researching the basic antibody responses from Natural Killer―like T―cells . A potential vaccine would contain NKT cells and would improve the immune system’s antibodies, which fight outside invaders such as HIV by preventing them from entering cells or giving the immune system enough of a boost to kill  them.

NKT cells, which have been a part of research into cancer and other diseases, have not previously been the focus of HIV research, Lang said.

The research will last 18 months, with tests being performed on mice. The Oklahoma Center is giving $300,000 toward the research, and if the research proves promising, Lang and West will apply to the National Institutes of Health for more funding.

“If we are successful, we will have made an important contribution to the field, but we will still be several steps away from an effective vaccine, ” Lang said.

Lang said that in a best ?case scenario (最好的情况)their research could lead to a vaccine ready for use in about four years.

68.The research to be carried out will focus on     .

A、the immune system                 B、the test performed on mice

C、NKT cells                               D、the HIV virus

69.The underlined part“a boost ” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “       ”.

A、growth in size                          B、an amount of time

C、a great number                        D、an increase in power

70.We can infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 that     .

A、other researchers need to help them

B、the research seems to be a failure

C、further research needs to be done

D、the vaccine can kill all viruses

71.What would be the best title for the passage?

A、Two Researchers Begin To Study the Immune System

B、NKT Cells Have Been a Part of Research into Cancer

C、The Relationship Between the Immune System and HIV

D、Two Scientists Work To Develop Hiv Vaccine

 

E

Middle school teachers in the United States are noticing a new generation of errors coming into their pupils’essays, Associated  Press has reported.

An increasing number of students hand in classwork containing words that may confuse adults. For example, they wrote “I WUNT TUBAROXTR” for “I want to be a rock star” and “DLERES PCNU” for“delicious pumpkin”. Middle school theachers say they most frequently encounter “b/c” for “because”, “w/o” for “without” and “4-ever” for “forever”.

Those simple abbreviations (缩略词) and phonetic spellings are known as “instant messaging-speak” (即时消息式语言) or “IM-speak”. Today these words have become so common in children’s social lives that they are finding their way into essays and other writing assignments.

However, the rise of informal communication through e-mail, Internet blogs and cell phone text messaging has not stopped school teachers from telling students the importance of spelling.

“We’ve got a strict policy so they can be penalized for that―we don’t allow it. We talk about the four levels of the language: slang (俚语), colloquial (口语), informal and formal, which apply to both spoken and written language,” said Beverly Arnold, chairwoman of the English and language arts depart-ment at Owasso High School, Oklahoma.

“I think it’s critically important―for both formal and informal communication. We teach kids that they need to learn to exist in a world outside their social networks, and that repuires them to use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write,” said Marsha Edmonds, director of curriculum in the Tulsa Public Schools, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Teachers use different strategies to teach spelling than they did 20 years ago, Edmonds explained. Instead of giving students random (随意的) lists of words to master, teachers now draw on vocabulary from the literature their classes are studying or subject matter being covered in science and social studies.

But some educators, like David Warlick, 54, of Raleigh, North Carolina, see the growing young band of instant messengers as a phenomenon that should be celebrated. Teachers should cradit their stuents with inventing a new language ideal for communicating in a high-tech world, said Warlick, who has written three books on technology in the classroom.

72.Many adults feel        when seeing the “IM-speak” like “b/c”, “w/o” and “4-ever”.

       A、interested            B、puzzled         C、worried         D、disappointed

73.According to Marsha Edmonds,       .

       A、spelling is only important for formal communication

B、students need to learn to live in their social networks

C、we have four levels of the language: slang, colloquial,

informal and formal

D、students should use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write

74.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

       A、“IM-speak” is becoming increasingly popular in teenagers’lives.

B、Students in the past spent less time in memorizing the new words.

C、Beverly Arnold is very strict with her students.

D、Teachers used to give students random lists of words to remember.

75.It can be inferred from the passage that        .

       A、all the teachers say “NO”to “IM-speak”

B、school teachers don’t do enough to stop students from using

 “IM-speak”

C、teachers still use old-fashioned methods to teach spelling

nowadays

D、David Warlick is a man who enjoys trying new things

 

第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节:对话填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

阅读下面对话,掌握其大意,并根据所给的首字母的提示,在标有题号的右边横线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确的形式,使对话通顺。

A:Wow, you coat’s very dirty. Did you fall?

B:Yes, I had a terrible 76. e     on the underground train when I was on the 77. w      to work.A man came up to me and pulled out a knife. He 78.P     it right at me.

A:Oh, no. Are you all right? Did he 79. h     you ?

B:No. he didn’t, but he took my handbag.

A:Then what happened? What did you do ?

B:I 80. c     hold of his arm and he pushed me to the floor.

A:Oh,no. Why did you take his arm ? That’s 81. d     .

B:I don’t know. I didn’t think.

A:What did the other 82.P     do ? Did they help you ?

B:Yes. Two men ran 83. a     the robber and held him.

A:Did the police come?

B:Yes, the police were called and two policemen came and took the 84. r      to the 85.P      Station.

第二节: 书面表达(满分25分)

假如你是班长,你们学校本周日将组织一次参观首都博物馆的活动,请你写一个口头通知。相关内容如下:

安排:8:00在学校大门口集合,集体乘车去首都博物馆;

     8:40在导游的带领下参观首都博物馆;

     12:00参观结束,集体乘车返回学校。

要求:1、参观过程中请自觉遵守公共秩序;

     2、馆内禁止拍照;

     3、参观后每人写一篇感想。

注意:1、词数:100左右;

     2、可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

     3、通知的开头已为你写好。

Dear students,

    Attention, please!                                

                                                     

                                                     

                                                     

                                                     

 

 

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

试题详情

衡水中学2008―2009学年第一学期第四次调研考试

高三年级化学试卷

           

   本试卷包含两部分,第一部分为客观题,共30个题,50分,将答案填涂到答题卡上;第二部分为主观题,共7个题,60分,将答案答在答题纸上。请注意答题时间为110分钟。

   可能用到的相对原子质量: H:1   C:12   N:14    O:16   S:32   Na:23   

Cu:64Mg:24  Ca:40   Fe: 56 Ag:108  Au:197

试题详情

江苏省通州市2009届高考回归课本专项检测

数学试题

(考试时间:120分钟满分:160)

试题详情

江西省白鹭洲中学08-09学年高二下学期第一次月考

生 物 试 题

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

  题: 刘保华

 

第Ⅰ卷(选择题   共50分)

试题详情

江苏省通州市2009届高三回归课本专项检测

化 学 试 卷

(回归课本专项检测 考试时间100分钟,满分120分)

说明:本试卷分第I卷和第II卷。请将第I卷选择题的答案用2B铅笔填涂到答题纸上。第II卷为非选择题,请将非选择题的答案写在答题纸上对应题号的答案空格内,直接写在试卷上无效。考试结束后,交回答题纸。

可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1  C-12  O-16  Na-23   S-32  Cl-35.5  Mg-24  Fe-56   I-127   Ba-137

试题详情

四川省成都七中2009届高三上期期中考试

化学

考试时间:100分钟   总分:110分

命题人  张永红     审题人  胡勇

 

可能用到的相对原子质量:H:1   C:12   N:14   O:16   Cl:35.5   

I (共54分)

本题包括18个小题,每小题3分,共54分,每小题只有一个高考资源网选项符合题意。

1.据报道,德国Integral公司研究出一种新的冷却技术,并荣获德国环境大奖。这种技术是用水和冰组成的物质代替传统的制冷制――氟里昂或氨。关于这一新的制冷剂,以下叙述正确的是 

A.该制冷剂对环境不产生任何污染

B.该制冷剂的作用原理与氟里昂或氨基本相同

C.该制冷剂为混合物

D.该制冷剂具有与水相同的化学性质

2.表示下列变化的化学用语正确的是 

A.乙烯的分子式:CH2=CH2          

B.NaHCO3的电离:HCO3+ H2O  H3O+ + CO32

C. NaOH的结构式:Na―O―H

 

D.NH4Cl的电子式:

 

3.下列有关物质性质的比较中,正确的是  

A.熔点:CO2<H2O<SiO2<KCl           B.还原性:S2>I>Br>Cl

C.酸性:H3PO4>H2SO4>HClO4>H2SiO3   D.稳定性:H2O<NH3<PH3<SiH4

4.设NA表示阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法正确的是  

A.1 mol NaHSO4晶体中离子总数为3 NA

B.2.24 L 14CH4分子中所含中子数为0.8 NA

C.0.1 L 3 mol?L-1的NH4NO3溶液中含有的NH4数目为0.3 NA

D.标况下,将FeSO4溶液置于空气中,被氧化的Fe2为0.2 NA,吸收O21.12 L

5.下列叙述中正确的是   

A.胶体区别于其他分散系的本质特征是丁达尔现象

B.原子晶体的熔点一定比金属晶体高

C.离子反应中,阴离子与阳离子结合时不一定生成离子化合物

D.NaCl既可表示氯化钠的组成,又能表示其分子式

6.分类是学习和研究化学的一种常用的科学方法。下列分类肯定合理的是 

A.根据酸分子中含有的H原子个数将酸分为一元酸、二元酸等          

B.根据电解质在水中或熔融状态下能否完全电离将电解质分为强电解质和弱电解质

C.根据元素原子最外层电子数的多少将元素分为金属和非金属

D.根据氧化物与水反应是否生成酸或碱将氧化物分为酸性氧化物和碱性氧化物

7.下列离子方程式正确且表示复分解反应的是 

A.亚硫酸钠溶液与双氧水混合:SO32+2H2O2=SO42+2H2O+O2

B.硅酸钠溶液中通入过量的CO2:SiO32+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3↓+CO32

C.氯气通入水中:Cl2+ H2O=2H++Cl+ClO

D.将0.1 mol?L1 Na2CO3数滴缓缓滴入0.1 mol?L1 25 mL 盐酸溶液中,并不断搅拌:

2H + CO32=CO2↑+H2O

8.下列各组离子在溶液中按括号中的物质的量之比混合,得到无色、酸性、澄清溶液的是 

A.Fe3+、Na+、Cl、S2(1┱2┱3┱1)     

B.NH4+、Ba2+、OH、Cl(1┱1┱1┱2)

C.K+、H+、I、HSO3(1┱2┱2┱1)   

D.Na+、Al3+、Cl、OH(4┱1┱3┱4)

9.“XYn”表示不同卤素之间靠共用电子对形成的卤素互化物(非金属性:X<Y), 其化学性质和卤素单质相似。下列说法中正确的是  

A.ICl与水生成 HCl 和 HIO的反应是氧化还原反应

B.某温度,液态 IF5电离:2IF5  IF4+ +IF6, 则 c (IF4+)×c (IF6) 是一个常数

C.BrCl的沸点比Br2的沸点高

D.XYn 与卤素单质一样都是非极性分子

10.在容积不变的密闭容器中,在一定条件下发生反应:2AB(g)+C(g),且达到平衡。当升高温度时气体的密度增大,则 

A.若正反应是吸热反应,则A为非气态       B.若正反应是吸热反应,则A为气态

C.若正反应是放热反应,则A为气态            D.若正反应是放热反应,则A为非气态

11.元素周期表的第7周期称为不完全周期,若将来发现的元素把第7周期全排满,则下列推论错误的可能性最大的是  

A.该周期有32种元素

B.该周期的元素,原子序数最大为118

C.该周期的ⅦA族元素是金属元素

D.该周期的ⅢA族元素的氢氧化物具有两性w ww.ks 5u.c om

12.下列关于反应能量的说法正确的是 

A.Zn(s) +CuSO4 (aq) = ZnSO4 (aq) +Cu(s) ;△H =-216 kJ?mol1。则反应物总能量 >生成物总能量

B.相同条件下,如果1 mol氢原子所具有的能量为E1,1 mol氢分子的能量为E2。则2E1 = E2

C.l0l kPa时,2H2 (g)+ O2 (g) = 2H2O(1) ;△H =-571.6 kJ?mol-1 ,则H2的燃烧热为571.6 kJ?mol1

D.H(aq) +OH(aq) =H2O(l) ;△H=-57.3 kJ?mol-1 ,含 1 mol NaOH的氢氧化钠溶液与含0.5 mol H2SO4的浓硫酸混合后放出57.3 kJ的热量

13.下图是KNO3 和NaCl 的溶解度曲线。下列说法中正确的是 

  A.NaCl 的溶解度不受温度的影响

  B.t1时,100 g KNO3 饱和溶液中含有20 g KNO3   

C.t2时,KNO3的饱和溶液和NaCl 的饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数不一定相等

D.温度高于t2时,KNO3的溶解度大于NaCl 的溶解度

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14.F2和Xe在一定条件下可生成氧化性极强且极易水解的XeF2、XeF4和XeF6三种化合物。如XeF4与水可发生如下反应:6XeF4+12H2O==2XeO3+4Xe↑+24HF+3O2↑。下列判断中正确的是 

A.XeF2分子中各原子均达到8电子稳定结构

B.XeF6分子中Xe的化合价为+6价

C.上述反应中氧化剂和还原剂的物质的量之比为2∶3

D.XeF4按上述方式水解,每生成4 mol Xe,转移12 mol电子

 

15.用A、B、C、D四种酸进行下列实验:

   ①25℃时, PH=a的酸A,与PH=b的NaOH溶液等体积混合,混合后测得溶液的PH=7,且a+b>14;

   ②B与NaCl不反应,能与Na2CO3反应生成CO2

   ③向浓度为10-2 mol?L-1的C溶液中滴加甲基橙试液,溶液呈黄色;

④酸D的钠盐不止一种,向两种D的钠盐水溶液中分别滴加紫色石蕊试液时,一个显红色,一个显蓝色。从上述实验数据和现象中,可以用来确定是弱酸的实验是  

A.②③      B.①③④      C.②③④       D.全部

16.反应N2O4(g)  2NO2(g);△H= +57 kJ?mol1,在温度为T1、T2时,平衡体系中NO2的体积分数随压强变化曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是

A.A、C两点的反应速率:A>C

B.B、C两点的反应速率:B = C

C.由状态B到状态A,可以用加热的方法

D.A、C两点气体的颜色:A深,C浅

17.短周期元素A、B、C、D的原子序数依次递增,它们的核电荷数之和为32,原子最外层电子数之和为10。A与C同主族,B与D同主族,A、C原子的最外层电子数之和等于B原子的次外层电子数。则下列叙述正确的是

A.四种元素的原子半径:A<B<D<C

B.D元素处于元素周期表中第3周期第ⅥA族

C.B、D的最高价氧化物中,B、D与氧原子之间均为双键

D.一定条件下,D单质能置换出B单质,C单质能置换出A单质

18.25oC,某未知浓度的氨水与pH=b的盐酸等体积混合,恰好完全反应。已知此氨水的密度为0.90 g ? cm-3,则该氨水的质量分数为 

A.       B.     C.      D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(共56分)

19.(18分)现有A、B、C、D、F六种短周期元素,在化学反应中均能形成简单的阴离

子或阳离子,且A、B、C、D离子具有相同的电子层结构。

已知:①常温下,F的单质是一种有色气体,常用于杀菌、消毒;

②A的单质可以溶于NaOH溶液,向生成的溶液中通入CO2气体有白色沉淀生成;

③C的氢化物分子G是具有10电子的微粒,且可以发生下列转化:

G            P             Q            M + P

④E和D是同一主族的元素,二者能形成微粒的个数比为1┱2和1┱3的化合物T

和K;

⑤B和D可形成微粒个数比为1┱1和2┱1的离子化合物X和Y。

请回答下列问题:

(1)B元素的名称是         ;E元素的原子结构示意图是                

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3)G的电子式为            ,化合物X所含化学键类型有                 

  (4)D的氢化物与E的氢化物比较,沸点较高的是            (填化学式),其主

要原因是                                               

(5)T与F单质的水溶液反应的离子方程式为                               

G与D的单质反应的化学方程式为                                    

M的稀溶液与铜反应的化学方程式为                                  

20.(10分)乙炔是一种重要的有机化工原料,以乙炔为原料在不同的反应条件下可以转化成以下化合物。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

回答下列问题:

(1)正四面体烷的二氯取代产物有       种。

(2)关于乙烯基乙炔分子的说法错误的是            (填字母符号)。

A.能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色

B.1 mol乙烯基乙炔能与3 mol Br2发生加成反应

C.乙烯基乙炔分子内含有两种官能团

D.等质量的乙炔与乙烯基乙炔完全燃烧时的耗氧量不相同

E.乙烯基乙炔分子中的所有原子一定都共平面

(3)写出与环辛四烯互为同分异构体且属于芳香烃的分子的结构简式           

(4)下列属于苯的同系物的是            (填字母符号)

A.               B.            C.           D.

 

(5)写出乙醛与银氨溶液发生反应的化学方程式:

                                                                  

21.(9分)蛋白质是一类复杂的含氮化合物,每种蛋白质都有其恒定的含氮量[约在

14%~18%(本题涉及的含量均为质量分数)],故食品中蛋白质的含量测定常用凯氏定氮法。其测定原理是:

文本框: CuSO4Ⅰ.蛋白质中的氮(用氨基表示)在强热和CuSO4、浓H2SO4 作用下,生成一种无机含氮化合物,反应式为:

2NH2+ H2SO4 + 2H+               

  Ⅱ.该无机化合物在凯氏定氮器中与碱作用,通过蒸馏释放出NH3,收集于H3BO3 溶液中,生成(NH4)2B4O7

Ⅲ.用已知浓度的HCl标准溶液滴定,根据HCl消耗的量计算出氮的含量,然后乘以相应的换算系数,即得蛋白质的含量。

(1)上述原理第Ⅰ步生成的无机含氮化合物化学式为­                    

(2)上述原理第Ⅱ步有关反应的离子方程式为:

                                                                     

(3)乳制品的换算系数为6.38,即若检测出氮的含量为1%,蛋白质的含量则为

6.38%。不法分子通过在低蛋白含量的奶粉中加入三聚氰胺来“提高”奶粉中的蛋白质含量,导致许多婴幼儿肾结石。

已知三聚氰胺的分子式是C3H6N6,即含氮量为66.7%。假定奶粉中蛋白质含量为

16%即为合格,不法分子在一罐总质量500g、蛋白质含量为0的假奶粉中掺入        g的三聚氰胺就可使奶粉“达标”。

22.(15分)下图中,P为一可自由滑动的活塞,关闭K,分别向容器A、B中各充入

2 mol X、2 molY,起始时,VA= a L,VB= 0.8 a L(连通管的体积忽略不计),在相同温度和有催化剂存在的条件下,两容器中各自发生下述反应:3X(g)+3Y(g)  2Z(g)+2W(g),达到平衡时,VB=0.6 a L。

(1)B中X的转化率为_____________。

(2)A、B中X的转化率的关系是A______B

(填“>”“=”“<”),其理由是_____________

___________________________________________

_______________________________________。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3)平衡时A、B中混合气体的平均相对分子质量的关系是:MA _____MB(填“>”“=”“<”)。

(4)如果要计算出平衡时B中混合气体的密度,则至少还需要知道的数据是_____

(MX、MY、MZ、MW分别表示X、Y、Z、W的摩尔质量)。

①MX    ②MY    ③MZ    ④MW

A.③和④          B.①和②           C.①和③           D.②③④

(5)打开K,一段时间后反应再次达到平衡,则B的体积为________L。

23.(14分)1 L某混合溶液,可能含有的离子如下表:

 

可能大量含有的阳离子

H+、K+、Mg2+、Al3+、NH4+、Fe2+、Fe3+

可能大量含有的阴离子

Cl、Br、I、CO32、AlO2

 

(1)往该溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液,产生沉淀的物质的量(n)与加入NaOH溶液的体积(V)的关系如下图所示。则该溶液中确定含有的离子是____________________,一定不含有的阳离子                  ,一定不存在的阴离子               

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2)经检测,该溶液中还含有大量的Cl、Br、I,若向1 L该混合溶液中通入一定量的Cl2 ,溶液中Cl、Br、I的物质的量与通入Cl2的体积(标准状况)的关系如下表所示,分析后回答下列问题:

 

Cl2的体积(标准状况)

2.8 L

5.6 L

11.2 L

n(Cl)

1.25 mol

1.5 mol

2 mol

n(Br)

1.5 mol

1.4 mol

0.9 mol

n(I)

a mol

0

0

①当通入Cl2 的体积为2.8 L时,溶液中发生反应的离子方程式为

______                            ______。

②原溶液中Cl、Br、I的物质的量浓度之比为__________________。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

四川省成都七中2009届高三上期期中考试

试题详情

江西省白鹭洲中学08-09学年高二下学期第一次月考

物理试卷

考试范围:磁场、电磁感应              分值:100分 考试时间:100分钟

命题人:王顺晖                                                     2009.3

试题详情

江苏省通州市2009届高考回归课本专项检测

政治

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。共120分。考试用时100分钟。

第一卷

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