2．Most episodes of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just e——青夏教育精英家教网—

2．Most episodes （片段） of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention．"says Schacter．"You're supposed to remember something，but you haven't encoded it deeply．"
"Encoding"，Schacter explains，"is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major effect on remembering it later．Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations．If you put your mobile phone in a pocket，for example，and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation，you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe（衣柜）．""Your memory itself isn't failing you，"says Schacter．"Rather，you didn't give your memory system the information it needed．"
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness．"A man who can recite sports statistics from 30years ago，"says Zelinski，"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox．"Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environment．And memory depends on just that．
"Reminders can help prevent absent-mindedness，"says Schacter．"But be sure the reminder is clear and available，"he says．If you want to remember to take medicine with lunch，put it on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket．
Another common episode of absent-mindedness：walking into a room and wondering why you're there．Most likely，you were thinking about something else．"Everyone does this from time to time，"says Zelinski．The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you'll likely remember．

32．Why does the writer think that encoding is important？B
A．It helps us understand our memory system better．
B．It enables us to remember something from our memory．
C．It expands our memory ability greatly．
D．It slows down the process of losing our memory．
33．Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder？C
A．Because it will easily get lost．
B．Because it's not dear enough for you to read．
C．Because it's out of your sight．
D．Because it might get mixed up with other things．
34．What do we learn from the last paragraph？C
A．If we pay more attention to one thing，we might forget another．
B．Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment．
C．Doing something again helps improve our memory．
D．If we keep forgetting things，we'd better return to where we were．
35．What is the passage mainly about？B
A．The process of gradual memory loss．
B．The causes of absent-mindedness．
C．The influence of the environment on memory．
D．A way of encoding and remembering．

1．I had the meanest mother in the world．While other kids ate candy for breakfast，I had to have cereal （麦片粥），eggs and toast．Others had cokes and candy for lunch，while we had to eat a sandwich．As you can guess，my supper was different from the other kids'．But at least I was not alone in my suffering．My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did．
My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times．She had to know who our friends were and what we were doing．We had to wear clean clothes every day．Other kids always wore their clothes for days．We reached the height of disgrace （丢脸） because she made our clothes herself，just to save money．
The worst is yet to come．We had to be in bed by 9：00each night and up at 7：45the next morning．So while my friends slept，my mother actually had the courage to break Child Labor Law．She made us work．I believed she lay awake all night thinking up mean things to do to us．Through the years，our friends'report cards had beautiful colors on them，black for passing，red for failing．My mother，however，would merely be content with black marks．None of us was allow the pleasure of being a dropout （辍学者）．
She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults．Using this as a background，I'm now trying to bring up my three children．I'm filled with pride when my children think I am mean because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the world．

21．From the passage we can learn that the writer's mother wasB．
A not generous at all
B．very strict with her children
C very mean with money matters
D．very cruel to her children
22．Which of the following things did the writer hate to do most？C
A．Eating differently from other kids．
B．Wearing clean clothes which were made by mother．
C．Going to bed early and getting up early．
D．Letting mother know where they were．
23．It can be inferred from the passage thatA．
A．the writer worked hard and usually got good grades in studies
B．mother was punished for breaking the Labor Law
C．all the other kids studied better than the writer
D．the writer's family lived a miserable life
24．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？D
A．Mother practised economy in running her home．
B．The writer is very thankful for her mother．
C．The writer is strict with her children when bringing them up．
D．The writer doesn't love her mother for the past miserable life．

20．下面短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
I had a interesting dream last night．I dreamed that I took part in a race．At first，I could not to run very fast and fell behind．So I didn't lose heart and kept running．All the students on the playground cheer me on，"Come on!"I was so encouraging that I ran faster and fast till I caught up all the other runners．I felt as if flying like a superman．In the end，I got to the finishing line first．I won the race．I felt very proudly of myself．Many of my classmate threw me up into the air．Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed!

19．Rocks may hold some information about the oorigin（起源）of the life on Earth．

18．The young girl is an eenergetic（精力充沛的）tennis player．

17．Our government understands this andhas been using （use） PSAs to educate people for many years．

15．You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories：models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger，and models collapsing （昏倒） from hunger-induced （因饥饿所致的） heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway （T台）．
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy （争论） for decades，and two researchers say a model's body mass （体重） should be a workspace health and safety issue．In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health，Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry．
The average international runway model has a body mass index（BMI）under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard．And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves，but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence．
"Especially girls and teens，"says Record．"Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines．"That's especially worrying，she says，given that anorexia（厌食症） results in more deaths than does any other mental illness，according to the National Institute of Mental Health．
It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners．Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable （脆弱的） to eating disorders （失调） resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness．
Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18．
In April，France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight．Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $ 82，000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail．Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy，Record says．But with the new rules in France，U．S．support could make a difference．"A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week"，she says，adding，"Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week．"

32．What do Record and Austin say about fashion models'body mass？B
A．It has caused needless controversy．
B．It affects models'health and safety．
C．It is but a matter of personal taste．
D．It is focus of the modeling business．
33．What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial？D
A．Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff．
B．A change in the public's view of female beauty．
C．Elimination （淘汰） of forced weight loss by models．
D．Government legislation （立法） about models'weight．
34．Why are Record and Austin worried about the low body mass index of models？C
A．It contributes to many mental illnesses．
B．It defines the future of the fashion industry．
C．It has great influence on numerous girls and women．
D．It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runaway．
35．What do we learn about France's fashion industry？B
A．It has difficulty hiring models．
B．It has now a new law to follow．
C．It allows girls under 18 on the runway．
D．It has overtaken that of the United States．

14．It has been around for centuries，but up until very recently，traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） wasn't fully accepted abroad．Proof of this can be found in The Treatment （《刮痧》），a 2001 film that tells the story of a Chinese man in the US who's accused of abuse after he uses guasha，a form of TCM treatment，to cure his grandson's disease．
During the last 10 years or so，however，TCM has been getting increasingly popular all over the world．A report released by the State Council Information Office on Dec.6says this style of health care，which includes different forms like herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183countries and regions．
"We have set up 10 TCM centers outside China，and all of them are popular among locals，"Wang Guoqiang，head of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine，said at a news conference on Dec 6．"Governments of 86 countries and regions have signed agreements with the Chinese government on TCM corporation．"
One of the reasons behind the growing popularity of TCM is the increase of scientific research into it．And after Tu Youyou-the Chinese scientist who discovered the anti-malaria （抗疟疾） drug qinghaosu （青蒿素）-won the Nobel Prize last year，TCM became even more famous internationally．
However，all these achievements in TCM don't mean that it's problem-free．Over the years，TCM has faced challenges in being able to prove that it has certain effects．
Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact and work together with Western medicine．
"Bringing together with Western medicine and TCM，rather than being in competition，is where the potential for great effects is，"said Bernhard Schwartlander，the China representative of the World Health Organization．

24．The film The Treatment is mentioned in the first paragraph is toD．
A．introduce the film to readers
B．show TCM is increasingly popular
C．arouse readers'interest in Western medicine
D．prove that TCM is not fully accepted in western countries
25．We can learn from the passage thatD．
A．TCM is not exact in curing diseases
B.10 TCM centers abroad are all set up by locals
C.86 countries have cooperated with China on TCM
D．Tu Youyou's success contributes to the popularity of TCM
26．According to Bernhard Schwartlander，TCM shouldA．
A．combine western medicine
B．face no challenge at all
C．give an exact description of its effects
D．complete with western medicine
27．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？D
A．A report on TCM
B．Opinions about TCM
C．TCM & Western Medicine
D．Traditional healing spreads．

13．The Spotlight（公众注意的中心） in RioPhelps puts spotlight on cupping（拔火罐）
Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps fed American swimmers to 8gold medals in the 4×100-meter relay，but what grabbed media attention and led to stories and photos around the globe were the purple and red circles on his back．
Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder as he competes during the 2016Rio Olympics men's 200m butterfly in Rio de Janeiro，Brazil，Aug 8，2016．

Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui goes viral
China's women's swimmer Fu Yuanhui has created a hit online not just by winning the bronze medal in the 100m backstroke competition，but also by her facial expressions during the post semi-final interview with China Central Television （CCTV） on Monday．
When asked whether she held back for the final，Fu replied"No，I used my‘prehistorical power （洪荒之力）'"What she meant was that she had spared no efforts in the semi-final．Since then，the so-called"prehistorical power"has gone viral and become a new Internet meme．

Britain wins first Olympic diving gold in men's synchronized 3m springboard（男子双人3米跳板）
Britain's Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China's gold medal monopoly （垄断） over diving events at the Rio Olympics by winning the men's synchronized 3m springboard final on Wednesday，the country's first-ever Olympic gold medal in diving．
Laugher and Mears finished with a six-round total of 454.32 points，just 4.11 points ahead of silver medalists Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center．China's Cao Yuan and Qin Kai took the bronze with 443.70 points．

21．What attracted media attention with Phelps'winning the gold medal？C
A．His scars on his back．
B．His great leadership．
C．The cupping marks on his back．
D．His achievements made in the men's 200m butterfly．
22．Which of the following is NOT the reason why Fu Yuanhui became the spotlight？A
A．Her devotion and determination to swimming．
B．Her achievement in the 100m backstroke competition．
C．Her facial expression during the post semi-final interview．
D．Her humourous reply to the reporter-the so-called"prehistorical power"．
23．What can we learn from the third news？C
A．China didn't win any medals in diving events at the Rio Olympics．
B．Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA took silver with 447.81points．
C．Britain had never won the Olympic diving gold medal before the Rio Olympics．
D．Britain became the gold medal monopolist （垄断者） of diving events at the Rio Olympics．

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