题目内容
2.Most episodes (片段) of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention."says Schacter."You're supposed to remember something,but you haven't encoded it deeply.""Encoding",Schacter explains,"is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major effect on remembering it later.Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket,for example,and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation,you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣柜).""Your memory itself isn't failing you,"says Schacter."Rather,you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness."A man who can recite sports statistics from 30years ago,"says Zelinski,"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox."Women have slightly better memories than men,possibly because they pay more attention to their environment.And memory depends on just that.
"Reminders can help prevent absent-mindedness,"says Schacter."But be sure the reminder is clear and available,"he says.If you want to remember to take medicine with lunch,put it on the kitchen table-don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness:walking into a room and wondering why you're there.Most likely,you were thinking about something else."Everyone does this from time to time,"says Zelinski.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room,and you'll likely remember.
32.Why does the writer think that encoding is important?B
A.It helps us understand our memory system better.
B.It enables us to remember something from our memory.
C.It expands our memory ability greatly.
D.It slows down the process of losing our memory.
33.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder?C
A.Because it will easily get lost.
B.Because it's not dear enough for you to read.
C.Because it's out of your sight.
D.Because it might get mixed up with other things.
34.What do we learn from the last paragraph?C
A.If we pay more attention to one thing,we might forget another.
B.Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C.Doing something again helps improve our memory.
D.If we keep forgetting things,we'd better return to where we were.
35.What is the passage mainly about?B
A.The process of gradual memory loss.
B.The causes of absent-mindedness.
C.The influence of the environment on memory.
D.A way of encoding and remembering.
分析 本文主要介绍了人们的健忘行为.人们的健忘主要是由于注意力的缺失,也就是本应该记住的东西没有被"编码"进入大脑,或者说没有把信息适当地输入记忆系统造成的.此外缺少兴趣也是导致注意力缺失的原因.在文中作者还提出了一些应对措施.
解答 32.B. 考查细节理解.根据"is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major effect on remembering it later"可知,编码有利于记忆.故选B.
33.C. 考查细节理解.根据"Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket"可知,口袋里的信息不能帮助你记忆,因为看不到.故选C.
34.C. 考查细节理解.根据"The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room,and you'll likely remember"可知,重复做一件事有助于提高我们的记忆力.故选C.
35.B.主旨大意题.文章首段通过两个健忘的例子引出信息编码失败会导致健忘,然后在下文又提出健忘的另一个原因:缺少兴趣,最后两段提出了对付健忘的建议.由此判断选B.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
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14.If you are a Wet Blanket (a person who doesn't enjoy himself/herself and thus prevents others from enjoying themselves) when it comes to nature and your kid,you are most likely a caring,protective parent who wants to keep your child safe and sound.You may be so determined to protect your kid from dirt,sunburn,or scratches (划伤) that you try to avoid the outdoors.Or you may just find muddy clothes and sandy toes require too much time to wash.Perhaps you hate to get dirty yourself.The natural world may just make you nervous and you might worry those bugs (虫子) and hats will suck you dry.It may be that you just never got the chance to be outdoors when you were a kid and now know nothing about what to do with your kid.
While it is every care-giver's job to protect their kid,your worries may cause your child to grow up as a Wet Blanket as well.If you prefer the indoors yourself,you may be keeping your kid from outdoor experiences without even realizing it.Your attitudes about nature have a huge influence on how comfortable your kid feels outside.You may need to go against your own nature and"open the door to get your kid outside!"
You may already realize the value in helping kids spend time outside in nature and know that playing in nature settings helps children grow up mentally.Perhaps you already introduce your child to nature through books,museums,and zoos.Maybe you just need some ideas of what to do with kids outside.Try some simple nature activities with your kid,or sign up for nature programs to develop your skills.While it may be a challenge for you to overcome your own nervousness about nature,you can raise a child who is happy and confident in the natural world.
One of the easiest ways you can get your kid outside is to become a Door Opener.Even if you don't enjoy playing on the mud,you can lake breath and let loose!Undirected time to explore nature is an important part of raising a caring kid.This might be free time in the backyard,allowing him to wander ahead on a walk or simply providing him with materials for a project.Putting aside your own nervousness and providing"in-the-wings"support will enrich your child's journey as a nature lover!Belt out a song (引吭高歌),build a snowman,watch the clouds,or plant a seed with your child.Help your child connect his creative side with nature.
While it is every care-giver's job to protect their kid,your worries may cause your child to grow up as a Wet Blanket as well.If you prefer the indoors yourself,you may be keeping your kid from outdoor experiences without even realizing it.Your attitudes about nature have a huge influence on how comfortable your kid feels outside.You may need to go against your own nature and"open the door to get your kid outside!"
You may already realize the value in helping kids spend time outside in nature and know that playing in nature settings helps children grow up mentally.Perhaps you already introduce your child to nature through books,museums,and zoos.Maybe you just need some ideas of what to do with kids outside.Try some simple nature activities with your kid,or sign up for nature programs to develop your skills.While it may be a challenge for you to overcome your own nervousness about nature,you can raise a child who is happy and confident in the natural world.
One of the easiest ways you can get your kid outside is to become a Door Opener.Even if you don't enjoy playing on the mud,you can lake breath and let loose!Undirected time to explore nature is an important part of raising a caring kid.This might be free time in the backyard,allowing him to wander ahead on a walk or simply providing him with materials for a project.Putting aside your own nervousness and providing"in-the-wings"support will enrich your child's journey as a nature lover!Belt out a song (引吭高歌),build a snowman,watch the clouds,or plant a seed with your child.Help your child connect his creative side with nature.
To avoid becoming a Wet Blanket | |
Your reasons for preventing kids from enjoying themselves | •To (81)protect/keep your kids away from dirt,sunburn and so on. •Not wanting to spend too much time (82)washing muddy clothes and sandy toes. •Being worried about bugs and bats. •Not knowing what to do with your children outside since you yourself haven't such experiences before. |
A huge and bad (83)influence/effect on kids | Kids will crow up as Wet Blankets too. |
Ways of raising a happy and confident child in the natural world | •Realizing the value of helping your kid enjoy nature. •Overcoming your own (84)nervousness about nature. •Allowing him to wander ahead on a walk or simply providing him with materials for a project. •Letting your child outside to fed nature as much as possible. •Trying some simple nature(85)activities outside with your child,such as belting out a song,building a snowman,watch the clouds,etc. |