上海市徐汇区2009届高三第二次模拟考试

语  文

阅  读(80分)

(一)阅读下文，完成第1―7题。(21分)

    ①学校向来是把传统的财富从一代传到另一代的最重要机构。同过去相比，在今天就更是这样。现代经济生活的发展，使家庭作为传统和教育的承担者角色削弱了。因此比起以前来，人类社会的延续和健全要在更高程度上依靠学校。   

    ②有时，人们把学校简单地看作一种工具，靠它来把最大量的知识传授给成长中的一代。但是这种看法并不正确。知识是死的，学校却要为活人服务。它应当在青年人中发展那些有益于公共福利的品质和才能。但这并不意味着应当消灭个性，使个人仅仅变成社会的工具，像一只蜜蜂或蚂蚁那样。因为由统一规格的人所组成的社会，将是一个没有发展可能的不幸的社会。相反，学校的目标应当是培养独立工作和独立思考的人，这些人把为社会服务看作自己最高的人生问题。   

    ③但是人们应当怎样来努力达到这种理想呢?是不是要用讲道理来实现这个目标呢?完全不是。言辞永远是空的，而且通向毁灭的道路总是和侈谈理想联系在一起，但是人格绝不是靠言语，而是靠行动来形成的。

    ④因此，最重要的总是鼓励学生去实际行动。初入学的儿童第一次学写字便是如此，大学毕业写博士论文也是如此，简单地默记一首诗，写一篇作文，解释和翻译一段课文，解一道数学题目，或体育运动的实践，也都是如此。

    ⑤但在每项成绩背后都有一种推动力，它是成绩的基础；反过来，计划的实现也增长和加强了这种推动力。但同样是工作的动力，可以是恐怖和强制，是追求威信和荣誉的好胜心，或者也可以是对于对象的诚挚兴趣和追求真理的愿望，也就是每个健康儿童都具有的天赋和好奇心，只是这种好奇心很早就衰退了。同一工作的完成，对于学生的教育影响可以有很大差别，这要看推动工作的主因究竟是对苦痛的恐惧，是自私的欲望，还是充满快乐和满足的追求。这里有极大的差别，对学校的教育价值关系也极大。

    ⑥我以为对学校来说最坏的事，是主要靠恐吓、暴力和人为的权威这些办法来进行工作。这种做法摧残了学生们的健康感情、诚恳正直和自信心，它制造出的是唯唯诺诺的人。

    ⑦而好胜心，或者说得婉转些，是期望得到表扬和尊重，它根深蒂固地存在于人的本性之中。没有这种精神刺激，人类合作就完全不可能；一个人希望得到他同类赞许的愿望，肯定是社会对他的最大约束力之一。但在这种复杂的感情中，建设性同破坏性的力量密切地交织在一起。要求得到表扬和赞许的愿望，本来是一种健康的动机；但如果要求别人承认自己比同学、伙伴们更高明、更强有力或更有才智，那就容易产生极端自私的心理状态，而这对个人和社会都有害。

    ⑧达尔文的生存竞争以及同它有关的选择理论，被很多人引证来作为鼓励竞争精神的根据，有些人还试图伪科学地证明个人之间这种破坏性竞争的必然性。但这是错误的，因为人在生存竞争中的力量全在于他是一个过着社会生活的动物。因此，人们必须防止把习惯意义上的成功作为人生目标向青年人宣传。因为一个获得成功的人从他人那里所取得的，总是无可比拟地超过他对他们的贡献；然而看一个人的价值应当是从他的贡献来看，而不应当看他所能取得的多少。

    ⑨在学校里和生活中，工作的最重要的动机是在工作中的乐趣，以及对这些工作结果的社会价值的认识。启发并加强青年人的这些心理力量，我看这该是学校最重要的任务。只有这样的心理基础，才能引导出一种愉快的愿望，去追求人类的最高财富――知识和艺术技能。

    ⑩要启发这种创造性的心理才能，当然不像使用强力或者唤起个人好胜心那样容易，但也正因为如此，才更有价值。关键在于发展孩子们对游戏的天真爱好和获得他人赞许的天真愿望，引导他们为了社会的需要参与到重要的领域中去。这种教育的主要基础是这样一种愿望，即希望得到有效的活动能力和人们的谢意。如果学校从这样的观点出发胜利完成了任务，它就会受到青年人的高度尊敬，学校规定的课业就会被他们当作礼物来领受。

    ⑾有件事或许你们会觉得奇怪。我详细讲到的是，我认为应当以什么精神教导青少年，我既未讲到课程设置，也未讲到教学方法。因为照我看来，这都是次要的。如果青年人通过体操和远足活动训练了肌肉和体能，以后他就会适应任何体力劳动；智力和手艺方面技能的锻炼也类似这样。因此，冯?劳厄确实讲得很对：“如果人们忘掉了他们在学校里所学到的每一样东西，那么留下来的就是教育。”就是这个原因，我对于遵守古典文史教育制度的人同那些着重自然科学教育的人之间的争论，一点也不急于想偏袒哪一方。

    [注]本文是爱因斯坦1936年10月15日在纽约州立大学举行的“美国高等教育300周年纪念会”上的演讲稿，有删改。

1．(2分)第②段中所谓“统一规格的人”是指缺乏                              的人。

2．(2分)第③段画线句的核心意思是□□□□□□□□。

3．(2分)以下对文章内容理解正确的两项是  ……………………………………(    )(    )

  A．学校历来是把最大量的知识代代相传的最重要机构。

  D．无论是写作文还是解数学题，都是重要的教育手段。

  C．学校的教育方式对学生心理和人格的成长至关重要。

  D．达尔文的生存竞争及其相关的选择理论都是错误的。

  E．学校规定的任何课业都应该被学生当作礼物来领受。

4．(2分)在爱因斯坦看来，“习惯意义上的成功”所具有的特征是                      

                                                                              。

5．(6分)作者认为促使学生前进的“推动力”有哪些?孰优孰劣?请结合文章内容分析阐述。

                                                                            。

6．(3分)结合上下文，简要说说你对“如果人们忘掉了他们在学校里所学到的每一样东西，那么留下来的就是教育”这句话的理解。

                                                                            。

7．(4分)请为这篇演讲辞写一段推荐语，从内容和形式角度，侧重一个方面，就其阅读价值向同学们进行介绍。

                                                                            。

(二)阅读下文，完成第8―12题(16分)

温软的稻草

詹文格

    ①在物质丰盈的年代，我突然间想起了故乡那一堆堆温软的稻草。想起稻草，自然就想到那些农人，想起农人就想起我的父辈，想起父辈就想起耕耘和劳作。

    ②对于黄澄澄的稻谷而言，稻草在很多时候是长篇大作里的闲笔。在讲究生产进度的年代，稻草这种耕牛的上等饲料，竟然弃之如敝屣，扔之毫不足惜，只有饱满的谷粒才能勾起农人对丰收的喜悦。

    ③故乡是长江中下游地区重要的商品粮基地，大片的双季稻田就是农民一生的主战场。一代代农人在田野里劳作，他们大多数连县城也没有去过一次，将劳苦的一生消耗在这片不算辽阔的田野里。早稻和晚稻就像生长在不同季节里的一对姐妹，一长一短是她们的宿命。有些乡间文人形容早稻像个红颜薄命的女子，短得如报刊上的小品文，刚一人眼就已到结尾，来不及让你思索和回味。早稻草因为生长期短，而且草秆纤维粗糙，个体短小而生硬，除了晒干后成为牛羊的饲料外，大抵没有太大的用场，因此常被撒人田中，当作绿肥还田。晚稻的生长期比早稻要长得多，一般都在两三个月，吸饱了阳光，占尽了岁月的风情，直至每年的十月中下旬才开始泛黄。当秋风把山川田野逐一摇醉的时候，晚稻就像T台上的模特，在蓝天下尽情张扬。喧闹的村庄里鹅飞雁叫，急不可耐的农人便肩披毛巾，头扣草帽，准备开镰收割了。收割晚稻是一年农事的压轴戏，金黄色的地毯上到处滚动着豆粒般的农人。脚踏式打谷机发出震耳的轰响，隆隆的打谷声里，农人的兴奋和欢乐很直白地写在布满汗水的脸上。他们不知疲倦地把丰收的果实运送回家，颗粒归仓。稻草却默默地躺在地上，翻晒几个时日，待稻草的水分被阳光悉数收走后，农人才尽心尽意地将它捆扎起来，垛在房前屋后的空场上。或高或矮的草垛就像一个个微缩的金字塔，为古朴的村庄镀上了一层丰收的色彩，添上了一种美妙的诗意。

    ④安放在村口的草垛成群结队，有点像一群慈眉善目的老人。草垛是时光的看台，但并非寂静无声。日出而作，日落而息，扛锄抡镐的农人不大在意它，但初冬时节的鸟雀会时常光顾这里，在此越冬的鸟儿会把家快速地安顿下来。稻草的柔软、温暖以及残存的一星半点谷粒，让安家的小鸟心里无比踏实。对于孩子们来说，草垛一直就是他们的乐园。捉迷藏、抓特务百玩不厌。一惊一乍的笑声，就如山乡的抒情，摆上了精神的盛宴。

    ⑤稻草是耕牛的粮食。隆冬来临，白雪皑皑，田野山川已很难找到完整的青草，此时早有筹备的农人便从草垛上扯下一捆稻草，撒在牛栏里。老牛蹲卧于闭风的墙角，不紧不慢地咀嚼着储满阳光的稻草，那种从乡村根部生长出来的美食，让吃的是草、挤出来是奶的耕牛反刍着一年来的大小农事。

    ⑥冬闲的雨天，金黄的稻草开始派上用场了。上下三重的老屋，聚集着一群精壮汉子，挥拳捋袖地忙活。他们有的高高抡起木锤，拼命槌打着稻草，有的在扭动木纽，将柔软的稻草拧成一股绳，然后把三股绳子汇聚起来，变成一根硕大的擂藤，伸展自如的擂藤是用来给牛拉犁的牵引。这个时候，人们才感到稻草的广泛用途。拔秧需要，绑菜需要，搓绳需要，编草鞋需要，生草菇需要，做东坡肉扣碗需要，集市上捆扎猪肉需要。在平原地带，稻草是农家做炊的柴火，尽管稻草火力不强，烧起来要专人侍候，有点麻烦，但它能让村庄上空一年四季飘起香甜的炊烟，烹饪出独特的农家风味。

    ⑦我是睡在稻草上长大的一代。那时，农家的木板床像麻石一样坚硬，贫困的家庭只有一床薄薄的老棉被当作铺盖。木板不仅生硬缺少弹性，而且根本无法防寒保暖，此时乡人便有了铺垫稻草的方法。温软的稻草带着土地与阳光的气息传递着不尽的温暖，安抚着贫困劳动者的精神和身躯。从此，脊背再也不会硌得生疼，稻草之上留存着无数香甜的好梦，让贫寒的日子加快向前。

    ⑧如今，生活愈来愈精致，享受着幸福时光的孩子们却无法想象躺在稻草上的感觉和滋味厂，就连不少农民也远离了稻草。我发现自己也早巳无法回到从前的日子。尽管享受着空调、电热毯、太空棉、蚕丝被，夜夜安睡在宽大的席梦思上，但仍然时时感到腰酸腿疼、失眠多梦，颈肌增生、腰椎间盘突出……想想那些与稻草同眠的日子，倒头便是呼呼大睡，现在不知是身体在快速衰老，还是精神已悄悄萎缩了。

8．(2分)第②段中“闲笔”一词在文中的含义是                                    

                                                                            。

9．(3分)第③段画线句在文中的作用是                                            

                                                                              。

10．(2分)以下对文章的分析鉴赏有误的一项是…………………………………………(    )

  A．早稻的生命虽然短暂，但它也如同一生都在田间劳作的农民，把一切都奉献给了土地。

  B．孩子们在草垛中嬉戏，他们的笑声为山乡增添了活泼和童趣，增添了一份真实的生动。

  C．文章选取了一些农村生活的典型场景，表现了乡村生活的真实、简单、朴素、自然。

  D．作者说自己“已无法回到从前的日子”，表达了他对童年的留恋和对农村生活的向往。

11．(4分)作者将“温软”一词入题，尤其点睛传神。请结合文章内容，具体说说它好在何处。                                                                          

                                                                            。

12．(5分)有人把第①段改成：“在物质丰盈的年代，我突然想起了一辈子耕耘和劳作的父辈。想起父辈，自然就想到那些农人，想起农人就想起了故乡那一堆堆温软的稻草。”你认为这样改是否合理?请简要阐明理由。

                                                                            。

(三)填写下列名篇名句中的空缺(任选6空)(6分)

13．(1)群贤毕至，                      。(王羲之《兰亭集序》)

  (2)                     ，一水中分白鹭洲。(李白《登金陵凤凰台》)

  (3)先帝不以臣卑鄙，                ，                。(诸葛亮《出师表》)

  (4)江山代有才人出，                   。(赵翼《论诗》)

  (5)                    ，于我如浮云。(《论语》)

  (6)穷则独善其身，                   。(《孟子?尽心上》)

  (7)青山遮不住，                 。(辛弃疾《菩萨蛮?书江西造口壁》)

(四)阅读下面的诗歌，完成第14―17题。(8分)

与诸子登岘山

孟浩然①

人事有代谢，往来成古今。

江山留胜迹，我辈复登临。

水落鱼梁②浅，天寒梦泽③深。

羊公碑④尚在，读罢泪沾襟。

    [注]①孟浩然：唐代诗人，襄阳人。他40岁游京师，应进士不第，以隐士终身，世称“孟襄阳”、“孟山人”。此诗即隐居襄阳时所作。  ②鱼梁：襄阳鹿门山附近沔水中的沙州名。  ③梦泽：云梦泽，古泽名。  ④羊公碑：据《晋书?羊祜传》载，晋人羊祜镇守荆襄时，常登岘山，他曾对同游者说：“自有宇宙，便有此山，由来贤者胜士登此远望如我与卿者多矣，皆湮灭无闻，使人伤悲。”  羊祜颇有政绩，他死后，襄阳百姓在岘山主庙树碑，以示怀念。因望其碑者莫不流泪，时人称为“堕泪碑”。

14．(1分)孟浩然与         同为盛唐时期杰出的田园山水派诗人，被并称为“王孟”。

15．(2分)尾联中有“读罢泪沾襟”一句，以你的理解，诗人此时“泪沾襟”的原因是   

                                                                             。

16．(2分)以下对诗歌的赏析有误的一项是………………………………………………(    )

  A．诗的首联看似与题目无关，实则题外生情，抒发了作者登临时的感受，与全诗貌离而神合，颇有“俯视一切”的气概。

  B．颔联中的“江山胜迹”是指古，“我辈登临”乃言今。从诗意发展的脉络看，当是先有这一联，之后才有首联的感慨。

  C．诗的前半部分富有激情，后半部分则具有哲理。诗人打破了传统的“触景生情”的写法，开首两句揭题，最后两句扣实。

  D．这首诗是作者借古抒怀之作，语言平易自然，情感真挚动人。前人以“语淡而味终不薄”评价孟诗，此诗确有如此情趣。

17．(3分)全诗有三联是记叙、议论，唯颈联插入写景，请解说这一联的具体作用。

                                                                             。

(五)阅读下面的两段文字，完成第18一22题。(17分)

    [甲]岳武穆人见，帝从容问曰：“卿得良马不?”武穆答曰：“骥不称其力，称其德也。臣有二马，故常奇之。日啖刍豆数斗，饮泉一斛①，然非精洁，宁饿死不受。介而驰，其初若不甚疾，比行百余里，始振鬣长鸣，奋迅示骏。自午至酉，犹可二百里。褫②鞍甲而不息不汗，若无事然。此其为马，受大而不苟取，力裕而不求逞，致远之才也。不幸相继以死。今所乘者不然。日所受不过数升，而秣不择粟，饮不择泉。揽辔未安，踊跃疾驱，甫百里，力竭汗喘，殆欲毙然。此其为马，寡取易盈，好逞易穷，驽钝之才也。”帝称善。    (选自《宋稗类钞》)

    [乙]马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。食马者不知其能千里而食也。是马也，虽有千里之能，食不饱，力不足，才美不外见，且欲与常马等不可得，安求其能千里也?

    (选自韩愈《马说》)   

    [注]①斛(hu)：容量单位，古代十斗为一斛，也相当于“一石”。②褫(chi)：解除。

18．(4分)写出以下加点词在句中的意思。

  (1)比行百余里(    )        (2)受大而不苟取(    )

  (3)殆欲毙然(    )    (4)且欲与常马等不可得(    )

19．(2分)下列加点词用法相同的两项是…………………………………………(    )(    )

  A．故常奇之    B．日啖刍豆数斗    C．介而驰    D．而秣不择粟

20．(6分)把下列句子译成现代汉语。   

  (1)寡取易盈，好逞易穷，驽钝之才也。

  译文：                                                                       

  (2)马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。

  译文：                                                                      

21．(1分)甲文里，集中体现良马所具备的“外见之才”的句子是                     

                                                                              。

22．(4分)(1)这两段文字实则都是借谈马来说理，甲文给我们的启示是：               

                                                                              ；

(2)进一步结合乙文来看，这两段文字又说明了一个共同的道理：                  

                                                                              。

(六)阅读下文，完成第23-27题。(12分)

醒心亭记

曾巩

    滁州之西南，泉水之涯，欧阳公作州之二年①，构亭曰“丰乐”，自为记，以见其名之意。既又直丰乐之东几百步，得山之高，构亭曰“醒心”，使巩记之。

    凡公与州之宾客者游焉，则必即丰乐以饮。或醉且劳矣，则必即醒心而望。以见夫群山相环，云烟之相滋，旷野之无穷，草树众而泉石嘉，使目新乎其所睹，耳新乎其所闻，则其心洒然而醒，更欲久而忘归也。故即其事之所以然而为名，取韩子退之《北湖》之诗云②。噫!其可谓善取乐于山泉之间，而名之以见其实，又善者矣。

    虽然，公之作乐，吾能言之。吾君优游而无为于上，吾民给足而无憾于下，天下之学者皆为材且良，夷狄鸟兽草木之生者皆得其宜，公乐也。一山之隅，一泉之旁，岂公乐哉?乃公所以寄意于此也。若公之贤，韩子殁数百年而始有之。今同游之宾客，尚未知公之难遇也。后百千年，有慕公之为人，而览公之迹，思欲见之，有不可及之叹，然后知公之难遇也。则凡同游于此者，其可不喜且幸欤!而巩也，又得以文词托名于公文之次，其又不喜且幸欤!

    庆历七年八月十五日记。

    [注]  ①欧阳公作州之二年：即宋庆历六年，是欧阳修被贬滁州的第二年。    ②韩子退之《北湖》之诗云：韩愈

《北湖》诗有“应留醒心处，准拟醉时来”的句子。

23．(2分)作者以“丰乐亭”起笔的用意何在?请简要说明。

24．(2分)文中画线句若用一个成语概括应该是□□□□。

25．(2分)从上文内容推测，欧阳修以“丰乐”二字命名亭子的主要原因是            

                                                           。(用自己的语言回答)

26．(2分)欧阳修在《醉翁亭记》中说“醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也”，上文与此意思相对应的两处是  ………………………………………………………………………(    )(    )

  A．凡公与州之宾客者游焉，则必即丰乐以饮

  B．或醉且劳矣，则必即醒心而望

  C．则其心洒然而醒，更欲久而忘归也

  D．其可谓善取乐于山泉之间

  E．一山之隅，一泉之旁……乃公所以寄意于此也

27．(4分)你认为曾巩的这篇记“醒心亭”的文章是否做到了“以见其名之意”?请结合文章内容加以评价。

    写  作(70分)

28．阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。

    德国哲学家尼采曾作诗谈“处世之道”说：“别在平野上停留，也别去爬得太高。打从半高处观看，世界显得最美好。”这是一种追求“半”的人生哲学。但是生活中追求“全”的人也大有人在。

    请选择一个角度立意，自拟标题，写一篇不少于800字的文章，就此谈谈你的看法。体裁不限(诗歌除外)。   

试题详情

上海市徐汇区2009届高三第二次模拟考试

英语学科

学习能力诊断卷

                        （考试时间120分钟，满分150分）            

第一卷

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1.    A. At the post office.                                 B. At the movie theatre.

C. At the candy store.                                D. At the McDonald’s.

2.    A. A mechanic.      B. An electrician.          C. A secretary.               D. A surgeon.

3.    A. To the theatre.   B. To the airport.           C. To Boston.                D. To the school.

4.    A. She can use his car.                               B. She can get her car fixed.

C. She needs to get a license.                      D. She can hire a car.

5.    A. Sunny and warm.                                  B. Rainy and cold.

C. Sunny but cold.                                    D. Rainy but warm.

6.    A. The offices all look the same.                 B. Every office needs a waste bin.

C. Too much paper has been wasted.            D. The man uses most paper in his office.

7.    A. An annoying dog.                                 B. Their neighbor. 

C. The flower garden.                                D. Mrs. Gorham.

8.    A. He does not feel thirsty at all.                 B. He needs to go back to get money.

C. He can’t get anything to drink now.        D. They must hurry home.

9.    A. Mark made some trouble with Bobby.     B. Bobby was a trouble-maker at school.

C. Mr. Allen was Bobby’s class teacher.       D. Mark was Bobby’s elder bother.

10.   A. Internet surfing.                                    B. Stock exchanging.    

C. Mountain climbing.                               D. Job hunting.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11.   A. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays.                B. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.

       C. On Wednesdays and Thursdays.              D. On Tuesdays and Fridays.

12.   A. Once a week.     B. Twice a week.           C. Once a month.          D. Twice a month.

13.   A. Classroom tests.                                    B. Attendance rate.       

C. Research papers.                                          D. Final exam.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.    

14.   A. Parents.            B. Teachers.                  C. Experts.            D. Businessmen.

15.   A. Maintain a savings account.                    B. Visit the bank regularly.

       C. Hire a personal accountant.                    D. Manage his own money.

16. A. The current economic situation has a negative influence on America.

       B. Parent-child communication on financial matters must be open.

       C. Teens should learn to handle money matters well on their own. 

       D. Financial managers are most needed during the economic crisis.

Section C

Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

A Break-in

Name:                Mrs. Jenkins

Time:                 Between 12:00 and ____(17)______

Lost belongings:        ____(18)_____  (Value: 800 dollars)

Cash           (Value: ____(19)____ dollars)

Other information:      The husband is on a trip to ____(20)_____

Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

What is the survey mainly about?

It’s on _____(21)______.

Which two sports are most favored?

____(22)______.

What does the woman decide to do?

To expand their line of _____(23)______ and come up with a better slogan.

What does the result say about older customers?

They are more _____(24)______ about staying fit.

Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.   Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

25. With the guide leading the way, the visitors were able to travel through the forest _____ foot.

A. by                                 B. on                    C. in                           D. with

26. Knowing the meaning of a word is one thing; yet using it both grammatically and communicatively properly is quite ______.

A. much               B. many            C. little               D. another

27. Many introduced plants ______ be cultivated in special soils for some time before they are transplanted in the field, otherwise they won’t survive.

A. must                    B. might             C. could                          D. would

28. --- John, tell me the truth. When did you tell Bill the assignments?

   --- The moment he ______ back home.

     A. came                  B. come         C. comes            D. will come

29. Indeed the best leading actor has read a lot of books, but the best supporting actress has read no ______.

A. more                  B. few            C. less              D. little

30. Yesterday evening the board had a discussion regarding ______ they should set up more scholarships to meet the increasing demands.

     A. what                   B. whether       C. that              D. who

31. As the visiting prime minister puts, China’s influence in the world will continue to strengthen ______ its economy grows.

     A. although             B. until          C. as                 D. before

32. Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain and slowing brain activity.

     A. to cause                            B. causing             C. cause                       D. caused

33. Although the causes of cancer ______, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

     A. are being uncovered                               B. have been uncovering

     C. are uncovering                                       D. have uncovered

34. It is generally accepted that Chinese were the earliest ______ football while the Europeans established the modern rules for football.

     A. played                       B. playing        C. to play           D. having played

35. From the photographs ______ from the satellites, scientists are learning things about the earth they have never known before.

A. to sent                       B. to be send          C. sending                    D. sent

36. There is little doubt _____ you will be able to judge truth and error if you have confidence in yourself.

A. that                   B. who          C. when              D. if

37. The newly concluded National People’s Congress has passed a package of economic policies _____ 8% of yearly economic growth.

     A. target                        B. to target        C. targeting            D. targeted

38. Hardly______ aware that the lion was approaching her before her dog began to bark.

     A. she was               B. would she     C. would she be        D. was she   

39. The government has revised the budget, 5% of______ will be used to help develop the medium and small sized enterprises.

     A. that                  B. whose        C. which            D. as

40. The scientists are trying to find out what ______ caused the dolphins to strand themselves, a strange animal behavior hard to understand.

     A. was it that            B. that was that     C. was that which       D. it was that

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

If you are ever lucky to be invited to a formal dinner party in Paris, remember that the French have their own way of doing things, and that even your finest manners may not be “correct” by French custom. For example, if you think showing up without delay at the time given on the invitation, armed with gifts of wine and roses, ___(41)___ your hostess on her cooking, laughing heartily at the host’s jokes and then ___(42)___  up to help the hostess will make you the perfect guest, think again.

Here Madame Nora Chabal, the marketing director of The Ritz Hotel in Paris, explains how it works. The first duty of the guest is to respond to the invitation within 48 hours. If an invitation is for eight o’clock, the ___(43)___  guest arrives at 8:15. Guests who arrive ___(44)___  on time or early are mere thoughtless ones who are not giving the hostess those last few minutes she needs to deal with details. The “guest” arrives between 15 to 20 minutes after the hour because dinner will be served exactly 30 minutes past the time on the invitation.

Flowers sent in advance are the ___(45)___  gift. They may also be sent afterwards with a thank-you note. It is considered a very bad form to arrive with a gift of flowers in hand, thereby forcing the hostess to deal with finding a vase when she is too busy to do that. See, that’s the logic! The type of flowers sent has a ___(46)___ of its own, too. One must never send Chrysanthemums(菊花) because they are considered too ___(47)___ a flower for occasion. Carnations are considered bad luck. And though the French love wine, you must never bring a bottle to a dinner party. Why, it’s as if you ___(48)___  your hosts would not have enough wine on hand, and that’s an ___(49)___. You may, however, offer a box of chocolates that the hostess will pass after dinner with coffee.

III. Reading Comprehension     

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everyone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily ___(50)___ was not fascinating. She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. If someone had asked Cinderella, “Are there any kinds of ___(51)___ work that you particularly hate?” she probably would have answered, “Why, none, of course. Housework is my duty!” In the real world, ___(52)___, most people have definite ___(53)___ for certain sorts of housework. Two of these tasks are ironing clothes and washing dishes.

       Ironing clothes is most hated ___(54)___ it is not a task that can be completed quickly or thoughtlessly. Each piece of clothing must be handled ___(55)___, so ironing a basket of laundry can take hours! After ironing a piece of clothing with great care, you need to place it on a hanger as soon as possible. If you do not follow these directions carefully, it might become ___(56)___ and you have to start over. Perhaps that is why ironing is not a ___(57)___ thing to do. It ___(58)___ extreme attention to detail from beginning to end.

       Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes. ___(59)___, some people claim that this work is no longer a problem because we have dishwashers now! However, no one would ___(60)___ that dishes, silverware, and ___(61)___ pots and pans washed in a dishwasher don’t come out as clean as they do when washed by hand. For this reason, many of us ___(62)___ to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it. Cleaning dishes is a job that not only takes a lot of energy but also ___(63)___ the patience to wash and dry them. ___(64)___, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is a thing that usually must be done every day. I don’t know how Cinderella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do.

50.     A. parade                  B. pattern                  C. routine                         D. response

51.     A. household         B. patriotic            C. invisible                   D. mechanical

52.     A. moreover          B. hence                C. however                   D. therefore

53.     A. desires                  B. dislikes             C. opinions                   D. appeals

54.     A. but                   B. because             C. although                   D. so that

55.     A. gracefully         B. briefly             C. individually             D. neutrally

56.     A. suspended         B. transferred      C. leaked                   D. wrinkled

57.     A. favourite           B. regular                  C. primary                 D. painful

58.     A. calls on             B. calls for            C. takes on                   D. takes for

59.     A. As a result         B. In fact            C. Of course                 D. For example

60.     A. argue                B. admit                C. agree                       D. assume

61.     A. occasionally      B. constantly          C. especially             D. classically

62.     A. attach            B. refuse            C. continue                   D. engage

63.     A. reduces             B. regulates           C. removes                   D. requires

64.     A. In addition       B. In a word          C. On the contrary      D. By contrast

Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

In 1993, I had my first opportunity to visit Russia as a representative of the University of California. I was there to provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management. “Russians are a very polite people,” I had been tutored before my arrival. One of my interpreters, once I was there, explained that a gentleman will pour the limonad (type of juice) for the ladies and show politeness.

Toward the end of my three week trip I was invited by my young Russian host and friend Nicolai Vasilevich and his lovely wife Yulya out to dinner. At the end of a wonderful meal, Yulya asked if I would like a banana. I politely declined and thanked her, and explained I was most satisfied with the meal. But the whole while my mind was racing: “What do I do? Do I offer her a banana even though they are as close to her as they are to me? What is the polite thing to do?”

“Would you like a banana?” I asked Yulya.

“Yes,” she smiled, but made no attempt to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket. “What now?” I thought.

“Which one would you like?” I asked awkwardly.

“That one,” she pointed at one of the bananas. Thinking about Russian politeness, I picked the banana Yulya had pointed at and peeled(去皮) it half way and handed it to her. Smiles in Yulya’s and Nicolai’s faces told me I had done the right thing. After this experience I spent much time letting the world know that in Russia, the polite thing is to peel the bananas for the ladies.

Sometime during my third trip I was politely corrected by a Russian friend. “Oh, no, in Russia, when a man peels a banana for a lady it means he has a romantic interest in her.” How embarrassed I felt! And I had been proudly telling everyone about my findings.

Certain lessons have to be learned the hard way. Some well meaning articles and presentations on cultural differences have a potential to do more harm than good and may not be as amusing. They present, like my bananas, too many generalizations or quite an inaccurate view.

65. The author went to Russia in 1993 to ________.

       A. visit a famous university                        B. work as an interpreter

       C. offer some professional help                   D. do some agricultural work

66. The author decided to offer Yulya a banana because ________.

       A. he sat closer to bananas                          B. he wanted to show politeness

       C. she gave him one first                                   D. he wanted to win her heart

67. How did the author probably feel after he saw the smiles in Yulya’s and Nicolai’s faces?

A. Awkward.         B. Embarrassed.            C. Surprised.         D. Relieved.

68. The author told this story mainly to express that _________.

       A. Russian politeness is rather difficult to understand

       B. man should never peel a banana for a lady in Russia

       C. what people say about other culture may not be true

       D. funny things may happen anywhere at any time

(B)

Proper etiquette(礼仪) should be observed in all forms of communication. When face-to-face, you communicate not only verbally, but with your body language, hand gestures, and tone of voice. Over a network or the Internet, you do not have the luxury of relying on additional methods of getting your message across. Therefore, there are some generally accepted techniques when communicating online.

Tone Down Your Language

Given the absence of face-to-face clues, written text can easily be misinterpreted. Avoid the use of strong or offensive language. If you feel particularly strongly about a point, it may be best to write it first as a draft and then to review it, before posting it, in order to remove any strong language.

Be Forgiving

If someone states something that you find offensive, mention this directly to the instructor. What you find offensive may quite possibly have been unintended and can best be cleared up by the instructor.

Test For Clarity

Messages may often appear perfectly clear to you as you compose them, but turn out to be perfectly dull to your reader. One way to test for clarity is to read your message aloud to see if it flows smoothly. If you can read it to another person before posting it, even better.

Net speak

Although electronic communication is still young, many conventions have already been established. DO NOT TYPE IN ALL CAPS. This is regarded as shouting. Acronyms and emoticons (arrangements of symbols to express emotions) are popular, but excessive use of them can make your message difficult to read. Some common ones include:

Acronyms

Emoticons

FYI = for your information

:-) = smiley face: happiness, pleasure

B/C = because

:-( = frowning face: displeasure

BTW = by the way

:-0 = shock, surprise

F2F = face to face

:-@ = Screaming

TTUL= Talk to you later

:-&= Tongue tied

ROTFL = Rolling on the floor laughing

<:-[= Disappointed

69. Which is proper in online communication according to the passage?

A. Use strong words to highlight your point.       B. Check your message before sending it.

C. Type in all capital letters.                       D. Use as many emoticons as possible.

70. The underlined word “Acronyms” probably means __________.

       A. combinations of symbols to express meanings

B. words made up of initial letters or parts of words

       C. text messages to indicate the writer’s feelings

       D. wise sayings providing guidance for people

71. According to the passage, we may probably type _________ to end a conversation.

A. TTUL              B. ROTFL                    C.  :-@                D.  :-&

(C)

When Christmas time is upon us, there won't be many families without some type of Christmas tree. Most will choose between a cut pine tree and an artificial plastic tree.

Artificial Christmas trees are usually made from steel and the plastic known as PVC. To produce one kilogram of raw PVC you need over a kilo of fossil fuels plus half a kilo of minerals and 10 L of water. The process also releases about two kilograms of CO₂ ― which contributes to climate change ― and eight grams of dangerous waste.

Most live Christmas trees come either from small plantations dedicated to growing trees just for Christmas or are the rejects from large pine plantations. In both cases, the growing trees provide some long-term soil protection and suck up climate-change-causing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, the use of fertilizers and pollution from machinery can have negative impacts on the local ecosystems.

Both types of trees require transportation to reach your home, which means fuels are burnt and air pollution generated. The greater the distance travelled, the larger the impact, and plastic trees certainly rack up the kilometres. The vast majority of Australia’s artificial trees are made in factories in Asia. If a family in Melbourne buys a plastic tree made in China, then it has travelled more than 8,000 km to arrive at its new home. Alternatively, someone living near Melbourne's CBD could get a real tree from a plantation less than 50 km away.

Despite the shorter life span, real trees are the way to go, because a natural tree can be reused in its afterlife. A plastic Christmas tree can’t be recycled and that means its final resting place will be the local dump. Here the PVC will stay in much the same form for thousands of years.

72. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Artificial Christmas trees are usually made from steel and plastic.

B. The process of producing PVC does great harm to the environment.

C. Real Christmas trees usually come from large or small plantations.

D. Real Christmas trees release much carbon dioxide while growing.

73. By saying “rack up the kilometres”, the author probably means that the transportation of plastic trees _______.

A. is more convenient                         B. produces more pollution

C. covers a shorter distance                 D. can save more fuels

74. According to the passage, real Christmas trees _______ compared with fake ones.

A. use fewer resources                        B. are more difficult to recycle

C. last much longer                                   D. are less expensive

75. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A. Real Christmas Trees: A Wasteful luxury

B. Fake Christmas Trees: An Economical Choice

C. Real Christmas Trees: A Greener Decision

D. Fake Christmas Trees: A Popular Trend

(D)

If you try to explain to someone, without using pictures, how to build the building that you have designed, it would take an enormous amount of writing and might end up with a very funny-looking building. The architect uses pictures called details to show how many hundreds of parts go together to form a complete building. This type of drawing is called drafting and is done by people called draftsmen.

Draftsmen make up the largest group of the architectural offices’ work force. Because of the wide range of duties they perform, draftsmen are sometimes called architectural technicians. In a typical office, there are not only career draftsmen but also architectural graduates working as junior draftsmen to learn the trade. Career draftsmen are usually graduates from a two-year junior college called technical school. There was a time when architectural office used young people right out of high school as tracers. Their job was to trace over the other people’s details while learning to be a draftsman. This is no longer possible with the fast-pace of architects’ offices today although a junior draftsman is given guides by the more experienced employees.

     So a good comprehensive architectural drafting course is a must before anyone seeks a job with an architectural firm. The job of the draftsmen is to translate the ideas and directions of architects, designers and engineers into complete and accurate working drawings. These become the plans and details used in the actual construction of a building. The project must be shown in great detail and drawn very clearly, so there is no chance for misunderstanding by the contractors（承包商）. Every line and figure has an effect on the finished product.

     As you can see, the draftsman is a key member of the architectural team. Of course, a junior draftsman is not expected to produce a complete set of working drawings. Depending on the size of the office and difficulty of the project, draftsmen may work in groups. The group leader coordinates the group and works closely with the project architect while the drawings are being produced.

     Working conditions are mostly very pleasant as draftsmen's work is intense and many people depend on accurate work. Each draftsman has a large combination drawing board and desk with various drawing aids. Almost without exception, members of the architectural team have at one time in their careers worked as draftsmen. This is essential to an architect education and most architects never get very far away from the drafting board.

76. According to the passage, career draftsmen are usually ______.

   A. experienced architects                             B. architectural designers

   C. high school graduates                              D. graduates of technical schools

77. We can learn from the passage that “working drawings” refers to ______.

   A. the architect’s rough drawings and directions

   B. the ideas and directions for the project

   C. the plans and details for the actual construction

   D. the designer's handbooks, tables and building codes

78. What can we learn about draftsmen from the passage?

   A. They all work in groups with a project architect.

   B. They are the main members of the architectural team.

   C. They provide labor and building materials.

   D. They give guides to inexperienced architects.

79. What is most essential for draftsmen’s work according to the author?

   A. An architect education.                                 B. The spirit of team work.

   C. Accuracy in the drawings.                             D. Advanced drawing aids.

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable question from A-F for each answer. There is one extra question which you do not need.