宾语从句中考考点点击
宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。笔者认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：
一、连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1.引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：
（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；
（2）在介词之后用whether；
（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3.引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
中考题例：
We'd like to know ___________ or not.（2004年山东潍坊）
A.whether will the sports meeting come
B.if will the sports meeting come
C.whether the sports meeting will come
D.if the sports meeting will come
答案与解析：答案为C项。题干中出现了or not，所以连接宾语从句的引导词要用whether，故选C项。
二、语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
中考题例：
- Excuse me，could you tell me ___________？
- Certainly.It's over there along the street on the left.（2005年吉林）
A.where the People's Park is
B.where is the People's Park
C.the People's Park is where
D.the People's Park where is
答案与解析：答案为A项。宾语从句一律使用陈述句语序，故选A项。
湖北省高考冲刺武大华工高中2009年高三二月调研测试
英语试题
第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节（共5 小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A．In an office． B．In a library． C．In a bookstore．
2．Where did the speakers plan to go?
A．A shopping center．
B．An opera house．
C．The parking lot．
3．Which aspect of the film does the woman like?
A．The plot． B．The music． C．The dialogue．
4．What do we know about the woman’s jacket?
A．It is sold at a lower price．
B．Its color is her favorite．
C．It is her sister’s size．
5．What does the woman imply?
A．The man is so forgetful．
B．The man is too careless．
C．The man is over confident．
第二节（共15 小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What makes the man so tired?
A．Playing games．
B．Surfing the Internet．
C．Searching for interesting people．
7．Whom did the man chat with?
A．People from Canada．
B．People in need of his help．
C．People on the same project．
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the law forbid people to do?
A．To take dogs to parks．
B．To walk dogs in the streets．
C．To treat dogs cruelly．
9．What do we know from what the woman said?
A．Dogs should be kept at home．
B．Building a dog park is necessary．
C．People would remove the dog waste．
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．According to the man, what did he do before he watched TV?
A．He washed his hands．
B．He had his supper．
C．He took a path．
11．What place had the man been to the night before?
A．James Street． B．A restaurant． C．A friend’s home．
12．What does the man try to do in the conversation?
A．To prove the truth． B．To find the truth． C．To hide the truth．
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why did the son come back late?
A．He hurt his hands and knees．
B．He went to a pub with Linda．
C．He waited a long time for the bus．
14．What was the old lady doing in the middle of the road?
A．Looking for something．
B．Struggling to sand up．
C．Trying to seek help．
15．What happened to Linda?
A．She was fired． B．She got injured． C．She had an accident．
16．Where was the witness?
A．Outside the pub B．At a bus stop． C．In his car．
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What’s the problem of some of the university students?
A．They don’t spend all their time on studies．
B．They don’t know what to do with their free time．
C．They don’t have choices for outside class activities．
18．How is the students’ high school life?
A．Controlled and busy．
B．Regular and colorful．
C．Active and independent．
19．According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?
A．To make students healthier．
B．To improve students’ test scores．
C．To enrich students’ experience．
20．What does the speaker advise his students to do?
A．Learn to enjoy themselves．
B．Learn to be their own masters．
C．Learn to develop their potential．
第二部分：英语语言知识运用（共三节，满分55分）
第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
从A、B、C、D四个www.ks5u.com选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21．The couple got into a(n)_____ about where to celebrate New Year’s Eve: at home or in a restaurant．
A．comment B．argument C．debate D．quarrel
22．Zhang Haidi’s face was easily_____ because more and more media covered her moving deeds．
A．known B．discovered C．recognized D．seen
23．After a long journey across the whole country from north to south, they found themselves_____ as well as their clothes．
A．picked out B．called out C．caught out D．worn out
24．We are quite sure that Mr．Smith will_____ be successful because he works so hard with efficiency．
A．probably B．likely C．nearly D．possibly
25．The terrible accident almost_____ the driver his life．
A．valued B．counted C．took D．cost
26．Trapped by the police, the terrorists made their_____ attempt to explode the bomb that they carried．
A．brave B．desperate C．harmful D．considerate
27．After he retired from his office, Mr．Green_____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest．
A．took up B．kept up
C．make up for D．take into account
28．The final exam is approaching; it is high time we should_____ our studies．
A．get out of B．get along with C．get into D．get through
29．Can’t you notice that there is little time left, please tell me the whole thing_____．
A．in case B．in brief C．in total D．in detail
30．There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law．_____, it is important that we should have a try．
A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Whereas D．Nevertheless
第二节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分）
阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。
31．____________________(不知如何解决) the problem, Jack turned to his teacher for help． (work)
32．______________ (很重要) that the students develop the essential ability to do things． (important)
33．There was plenty of time．You____________(没有必要担心) about how long it would take． (need)
34．The more we get together, _________________________(我们就越高兴)． (happy)
35．All the Chinese jumped with joy________________________(他们一听到)the news that Shenzhou VII had been sent up into space successfully． (moment)
36．I can’t understand____________________(是什么) that made the lady change her mind．
(what)
37．_____________________________(情况更糟糕的是)，the worker also had a son who had taken a bank loan to pay for his studies． (matter)
38．Mother suggests you should find out the point_________________________(你失败的地方)． (lie)
39．_____________________(虽然她是个青年教师)，she is popular with her students． (as)
40．Generally speaking, teachers like anyone__________________________(课堂积极)．(active)
第三节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago, I was filled
with excitement of having the weekend off．But I was 41 into stillness by what I saw．Mother, seated at the far end of
the sofa, was 42 , with the second-hand green
typewriter on the table．She told me that she couldn’t 43 fast and then she was out of work．My shock and embarrassment at
finding mother in tears was a perfect proof of how 44 I understood the pressure on her．Sitting beside her on the sofa, I
began very slowly to understand．“ I guess we all have to 45 something,” mother said quietly．I could 46 her pain and the tension of 47 the strong feeling that were interrupted
by my 48 ．Suddenly, something inside me lit up．I reached out and put my arms around her．She broke then．She put her face 49
my shoulder and sobbed．I held her 50 and didn’t try to talk．I knew I was doing what I should,
what I could and that was 51 ．At that moment, feeling mother’s 52 with feelings, I understood for the first
time her being easy to 53 ．She was still my mother, 54 she was something 55 : a person like me, capable of fear
and 56 and failure．I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand
occasions when I sought
41．A．tired B．ashamed C．lazy D．shocked
42．A．crying B．smiling C．thinking D．whispering
43．A．understand B．type C．run D．return
44．A．eagerly B．worriedly C．little D．much
45．A．fail B．win C．forget D．obtain
46．A．kill B．watch C．sense D．recognize
47．A．holding back B．putting away C．staying up D．stopping from
48．A．pain B．laughter C．arrival D．disappearance
49．A．to B．up C．through D．against
50．A．tightly B．thoughtfully C．carefully D．politely
51．A．enough B．precise C．content D．serious
52．A．hand B．face C．hair D．back
53．A．satisfy B．break C．fall D．shout
54．A．while B．although C．yet D．since
55．A．more B．excellent C．strange D．huge
56．A．wound B．defeat C．cut D．hurt
57．A．kindness B．memory C．comfort D．support
58．A．supplied B．offered C．paid for D．contributed
59．A．different B．hard C．pleasant D．devoted
60．A．screaming B．laughing C．tapping D．sewing
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made．Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects．Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages．I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic．
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary．I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys．Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door．But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects．
I am a naturalist, not a scientist．I have a strong love of the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations．I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people’s observations and discoveries．Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind．Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together．This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research．
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack．A scientist, up to a certain point, can be made．A naturalist is born．If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds．
61．The first paragraph tells us the author_____．
A．was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood
B．lost his hearing when he was a child
C．didn’t like his brothers and sisters
D．was born to a naturalist’s family
62．The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because_____．
A．he didn’t live very long with them
B．the family was extremely very large
C．he was too young when he lived with them
D．he was fully occupied with observing nature
63．It can be inferred from the passage that the author was_____．
A．a scientist as well as a naturalist B．a naturalist but not a scientist
C．no more than a born naturalist D．first of all a scientist
64．The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he_____．
A．has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic
B．lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist
C．just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries
D．comes up with solutions in a most natural way
B
Princeton University
Location
The university is in Princeton, New Jersey．It is an hour’s train ride south of New York City and an hour’s train north of Philadelphia．
Students
There are 4,600 undergraduates(本科生)．There are also 1,900 graduate students, but Princeton is unusual among some universities in having a student body made up largely of undergraduates．
Faculty
Princeton has about 700 full-time faculty members(教员)．There are another 300 or so part-time and visiting faculty．All faculty members at Princeton are expected to teach and research．
Degree
Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees: the bachelor of arts (A．B．) degree and the bachelor of science in engineering (B．S．E．) degree．
Academic Year
An academic year runs from September to late May and lasts two terms (fall and spring)．A normal course load is four or five courses per term, although many students take extra courses．
Residences
Princeton provides housing for all undergraduate students．Freshman and second-year students are required to spend their first two years in one of five colleges．Each college has its own dining hall, common rooms and computer centers．
Fees and Expenses (Academic Year 2004-2005)
Tuition(学费): $ 29,910
Room and board :$ 8,387
Other expenses (books, telephones, etc．) : $ 3,083
Total: $ 41,380
65．How many kinds of faculty members are there in Princeton University?
A．One． B．Two C．Three． D．Four．
66．In Princeton University, an undergraduate will pay at least_____ for the Academic Year 2004- 2005 besides tuition．
A．$ 41,380 B．$ 52,
67．In what way is Princeton University different from other American universities according to the text?
A．It has five colleges．
B．Its students are mainly undergraduates．
C．It provides housing for all undergraduate students．
D．All the faculty members at Princeton are expected to teach and research．
68．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees．
B．An academic year lasts about nine months in Princeton University．
C．Undergraduates should spend their first two years in one of five colleges．
D．It’s about an hour’s train ride from Princeton University to the north of New York City．
C
If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame, because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion．They are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear．
Changing fashion is nothing more than the intentional creation of waste．Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have．Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on．
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society．Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用) ．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn’t sometimes in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes．
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Does the constantly changing fashion of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanged styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide．
69．Designers and big stores always make money_____．
A．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B．because they are capable of predicting the new fashion
C．by constantly changing the fashion in women’s clothing
D．because they always improve the quality of women’s clothing
70．To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dress is seen as_____．
A．a quality of instability B．a waste of time and money
C．an expression of taste D．an expression of creativity
71．The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the_____．
A．cost B．appearance C．comfort D．suitability
72．By saying “ the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that_____．
A．women’s changeableness in their choice of clothing was often laughed at
B．women are better able to put up with discomfort
C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
D
Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will
one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span．
“ I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生),” said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future．“ I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate．”
At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past．“ There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said．“ Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years．”
However, many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years．Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death．
Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live．“ It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?” said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center．“ At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all．”
73．By saying “ we are knocking at the door immortality”, Michael Zey means_____．
A．they believe that there is no limit of living
B．they are sure to find the truth about long living
C．they have got some ideas about living forever
D．they are able to make people live past the present life span
74．Donald Louria’s attitude toward long living is that_____．
A．people can live from 120 to 180
B．it is still doubtful how long humans can live
C．the human body is designed to last about 120 years
D．it is possible for humans to live longer in the future
75．The underlined “ it” (Para．4) refers to_____．
A．a great push
B．the idea of living beyond the present life span
C．the idea of living from 200 to 300
D．the conservative estimate
76．What would be the best title for this text?
A．Living longer or not
B．Science, technology and long living
C．No limit for human life
D．Healthy lifestyle and long living
E
I am a good mother to three children．I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent．
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe．I show up．I listen．I try to laugh．I am a good friend to my husband．I have tried to make marriage vows mean what they say．I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me．Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today．
So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life．A real life, not a desire of the next promotion, the bigger pay-check…．
Get a life in which you are not alone．Find people you love, and who love you．And remember that love is not leisure, it is work．Pick up the phone．Send an e-mail．Write a letter．And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted．
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes．It is so easy to exist instead of to live．I learned to live many years ago．Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all．And what I learned from it is what , today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all．
I learned to love the journey, not the destination．I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally．And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned．
By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face．Learn to be happy．And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived．
77．It can be inferred from the passage that_____．
A．the author is a success in personal life
B．the author didn’t try her best to work well
C．the author spent all her time caring for her children
D．the author likes travelling very much
78．How did the author form her view of life?
A．Through social experience． B．By learning from her friends．
C．Through an unfortunate experience D．From her children and husband．
79．By the underlined sentence “ It is so easy to exist instead of to live” in the fifth paragraph, the author really means that people tend to_____．
A．make a living rather than live a real life
B．work rather than enjoy life
C．waste a lot in life
D．forget the most important lessons in life
80．What’s the author’s attitude towards work?
A．Do it well to serve others．
B．Earn enough money to make life better．
C．Try your best to get higher position and pay．
D．Don’t let it affect your real life．
第四部分：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是艾学习，上个星期天去市图书馆看书时发现以下问题，你写信向馆长Mr．Wang反映：
1．实用性的书、新书太少；
2．书架上的书比较混乱；
3．阅览室的光线对视力有害；
4．管理员工作时彼此闲聊。
注意：
1．词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr．Wang,
Last Sunday, I went to do some reading in your library．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________So, for the sake of readers, I suggest that you change all those mentioned as soon as possible．
Yours,
蚌埠三中2009届高三英语月考考试英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷分值：150分)
注意：本试卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，所有答案必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡中相应的位置。第Ⅱ卷非选择题，所有答案必须填在答题卷的相应位置。答案写在试卷上均无效，不予记分。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共115分）
第一部分：听力（30分）
第一节 (共5个小题；每个小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How many nights does the man want to have a room for?
A. 4. B. 3. C.2.
2. Whom does the raincoat belong to?
A. The woman. B. The woman's friend. C. The man's friend.
3. Who is going to make the copies for the woman?
A. The man. B. Her assistant. C. The clerk.
4. What is the man going to do with the money he won?
A. He is going to buy a lot of expensive things.
B. He is going to buy a new car.
C. He is going to make much more money with it.
5. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman has missed her train.
B. The woman will probably catch her train.
C. The woman is often late for work.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每个小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6―8小题。
6. What's the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Workmates. C. Boyfriend and girlfriend.
7. Why was the man feeling angry?
A. Because he thought he had lost his phone.
B. Because he wanted to call her but forgot the number.
C. Because someone else misunderstood him.
8. What might the woman speaker have thought of his matter?
A. She felt sorry for her mistake. B. She felt glad privately.
C. She felt angry with the caller.
听第7段材料，回答第9―11小题。
9. What can you see in the first postage stamps?
A. A picture of Queen Victoria. B. A picture of the queen's palace.
C. A picture of Rowland Hill.
10. When were the first postage stamps issued?
A. In 1840. B. In 1920. C. In 1804.
11. Who paid for mail delivery before the appearance of postage stamps?
A. The queen. B. The British government.
C. Either the sender or the receiver of a letter.
听第8段材料，回答第12―14小题。
12. What is the woman fed up with?
A. Sitting on packing cases. B. Packing up cases. C. Going shopping.
13. What does the man worry about?
A. They cannot find second-hand chairs. B. New chairs are very expensive.
C. Old chairs are shaky.
14. When does the market open?
A. On Thursdays. B. On Sundays. C. On Saturdays.
听第9段材料，回答第15―17小题。
15. What may be the man's purpose from the conversation?
A. He wants to find a suitable job. B. He wants to get a suitable wife.
C. He wants to marry the woman.
16. What kind of people might he prefer?
A. A serious person. B. A practical person. C. A rich person.
17. What's the man's possible favor according to the talk?
A. Sightseeing. B. Running a restaurant. C. Writing news reports.
听第10段材料，回答第18―20小题。
18. How long should food be left before a dog?
A. Until it eats the food. B. Less than thirty minutes. C. More than thirty minutes.
19. What kind of dog needs to run for exercise?
A. A young one. B. A small one. C. a big one.
20. Which point was not mentioned as important for good care of a dog?
A. Going to the clinic. B. A clean environment. C. Proper feeding.
第二部分 知识运用（45分）
第一节 单项填空（15分）
21. --We had ____really hot September this year.
--- I can't remember_____September when it snowed in Bengbu.
A.a; / B./; the C. the; a D. a; a
22. ---You mustn't play football on the street. It's dangerous.
---No,_________. Thank you.
A. it's safe B. we won't
C. it's none of your business D. we must
23. ---I'd like to learn more about the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
---Better try____the CCTV website, and you are likely___the information in no time.
A. to visit; to get B. to visit; getting C. visiting; to get D. visiting; getting
24. Do physical exereise every day ____you will keep fit.
A. or B. yet C. and D. but
25. _____it comes to traffic rules, I often come across such cases_____the local drivers
are confused or uncertain of their roles.
A. If; why B. As; which C. Once; as D. When; where
26. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for___he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
27. --Tony, the steak smells ___now.
--Sorry, I forgot that the way to keep steak in hot weather was __ it into the refrigerator.
A. bad; put B. badly; putting C. bad; to put D. badly; to put
28. It was not until I began to work ____I realized how much time I had wasted.
A. that B. when C. before D. which
29. The failure of the project is due to the fact that you don't__ enough
importance ___your methods.
A. link; with B. stick; to C. attach; to D. combine; with
30．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．
A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having
31.The old houses of this area had to be___ immediately so that the government could carry ils flower-style-city programme out.
A. torn up B. torn down C. torn away D. torn out
32. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have___opportunity
to change his mind.
A. accurate B. urgent C. excessive D. adequat
33As your teacher advised, you ought to spend your time on something __ researching.
A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable
34.．―How are you today?
― ――Oh，I as ill as I do now for a long time．
A．didn’t feel B．wasn’t feeling C．don’t fee D．haven’t felt
35..The school provides teachers with educational videos designed
to ___the teaching plans.
A. fit into B. fit for C. fit up D. fit to
第二节 完形填空（共20题；每小题1.5分，满分30分
The first day of school we were challenged to get to know a new classmate. I 36 around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I found a little 37 lady with a warm smile.
She said, "Hi! I'm Rose. I'm 87 years old. Can I give you a hug ?" I laughed and heartily 38 , "Of course!"
"Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?" I asked.
She 39 replied, "I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have children, and then travel around."
"No 40 ," I asked. I was curious why she 41 this challenge at this age.
"I always 42 having a college education and now I'm getting one!" she told me. We became instant friends.
43 , Rose became a campus icon (偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she enjoyed the 44 from the other students.
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I'll never forget what she 45 us.
"We do not stop playing because weare old; we grow old 46 we stop playing. Here are the secrets to staying 47 . You have to laugh and find 48 every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. 49 we have many people like this walking around!" she said.
"There is a huge 50 between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't 51 any talent or ability," she added. "But growing up requires 52 the opportunity in change. Have no 53 . The elderly usually don't regret what they did, but rather things they did not do"
One week after graduation that year, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. She taught us 54 that it's never too 55 to be all you can possibly be.
36. A. stopped B. showed C. asked D. looked
37. A. old B. exciting C. strange D. nervous
38. A. added B. claimed C. responded D. offered
39. A. slowly B. jokingly C. funnily D. simply
40. A. seriously B. wisely C. really D. secretly
41. A. took up B. put up C. took on D. put on
42. A. dreamed to B. looked forward to C. looked up to D. dreamed of
43. A. Over the year B. AIl of a sudden C. Once again D. As usual
44. A. jokes B. questions C. attention D. followers
45. A. inspired B. taught C. requested D. lectured
46. A. when B. because C. so D. although
47. A. young B. healthy C. growing D. developing
48. A. goals B. humor C. meaning D. inspirations
49. A. Unfortunately B. Naturally C. Generally D. Fairly
50. A. division B. change C. cross D. difference
51. A. use B. take C. compare D. prefer
52. A. winning B. improving C. meeting D. finding
53. A. doubts B. fear C. regrets D. worry
54. A. at last B. by herself C. by example D. in practice
55. A. late B. old C. early D. young
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。
A
My elder brother
Steve, in the absence of my father who died when I was six, gave me important
lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult. For instance, Steve taught
me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a
Saturday baseball game, it was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened.
When I explained that my baseball had soared through Mrs. Holt’s basement
window, breaking the glass with a crash, Steve encouraged me to confess to her.
After all, I should have been playing in the park down
56. What is the main subject of the passage?
A. The relationship between mark and Steve.
B. The important lesson Mark learned in school
C. Steve’s important role in mark’s growing process.
D. Mark and Steve’s respect for living things.
57.It can be inferred from the passage that when mark confessed to Mrs.Holt, __________.
A. he felt surprised B. he was light-hearted C. he felt frightened D. he knelt before her
58. In the story about the pen, which of the following lessons did Steve teach his brother?
A. Respect for personal property. B. Respect for life.
C. Sympathy for people with problems. D. The value of honesty.
59. According to the writer, which was the most important lesson Steve taught his young brother?
A. Respect for living things. B. Responsibility for one’s actions.
C. The value of the honesty. D. Care for the property of others.
60. Which of the follow is true according to the passage?
A. Mark was still a boy when he wrote this passage.
B. Mark lost the small dog his father carved.
C. When a living thing hurts you, you should kill it.
D. Even if a living thing hurts you, you should not kill it without hesitation.
B
WHERE TO STAY IN BOSWELL YOUR GUIDE TO OUR BEST HOTEL
Name/AddressNo. of RoomsSingleDoubleSpecial Attractions
FIRST HOTEL
Tel.414-6433120＄25＄35Air-conditioned rooms,
French restaurant,
Night club,
Swimming-pool, Shops,
Coffee shop and bar,
Telephone, radio and
TV in each room,
Close to the city center
FAIRVIEW HOTEL
Tel.591-562050＄12＄18Close to the air-port, Telephone
In each room, Bar, Restaurant,
Garage, Swimming-pool
ORCHARD HOTEL
Tel.641-6646120＄15＄20Facing First hotel,
European restaurant,
Coffee shop, Dry-cleaning,
Shops, tv, night-club
OSAKA HOTEL
Tel.643-820180＄30＄50Air-Conditioned rooms,
Japanese and
Chinese restaurants, Shops,
Swimming-pool, Large garden
61 .The number of the rooms in the best hotels in Boswell is___ .
A. 120 B.
62.If a Japanese traveler likes to eat in French restaurant,___is the right place for him to go to.
A. 233 Edward Road B.
C. 222 Edward Road D.
63 .Which hotel faces the Orchard hotel?
A. The First hotel. B. The Osaka hotel. C. The Fairview Hotel. D. No hotel.
C
How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. in addition, life is always presenting new things to the child-things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his parents, he is not so free to do what he wishes to do； he is continually being told not to do things or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
64. According to the second paragraph, the writer thinks that _______.
A. life for a child is comparatively easy
B. a child is always loved whatever he does
C. if much is given to a child, he must do something in return
D. only children are interested in life
65. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. People are often satisfied with their life.
B. Life is less interesting for old people.
C. Adults are freer to do what they want to do.
D. Adults should no longer rely on others.
66. The main idea of the passage is _________.
A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C. childhood is the move enjoyable time in one’s life
D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
67. The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss _________.
A. examples of successful young men
B. how to build up one’s position in society
C. joys and pains of old people
D. what to do when one has problems in life
D
“It hurts me more than you”, and “This is for your own good”―these are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin, clean my room, stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in education in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school. The schools and the educators made it easy for us. They taught that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators, turned on the television, left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation.
Now teachers, faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years, are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake. One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students―“so passive”―and wonders what has happened. Nothing is demanded of them, she believes. Television, says Klompus, contributes to children’ s passivity. “We’ re talking about a generation of kids who’ ve never been hurt or hungry. They have learned somebody will always do it for them, instead of saying ‘go and look it up’, you tell them the answer. It takes greater energy to say no to a kid.”
Yes, it does. It takes energy and it takes work. It’ s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work. It’ s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it’ s for their own good. It’s s time to start telling them no again.
68.Children are becoming more inactive in study because ____.
A. they watch TV too often B. they have done too much homework
C. they have to fulfil too many duties D. teachers are too strict with them
69.We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on_____.
A. learning Latin B. discipline
C. natural development D. education at school
70.By“permissive period in education”(L.1,Para.2)the author means a time ___.
A. when children are allowed to do what they wish to
B. when everything can be taught at school
C. when every child can be educated
D. when children are permitted to receive education
71. The main idea of the passage is that____ .
A. parents should leave their children alone
B. kids should have more activities at school
C. it’s time to be more strict with our kids
D. parents should always set a good example to their kids
E
Advertising is a highly developed twentieth-century industry. The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising. Why is advertising so popular? Is it a waste of money? It has been proved again and again that ?repeated advertising increases product sales. Since it increases production, the price can be reduced. Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, makes it cheaper.
Advertising is now a scientific business. Once managers would say jokingly, " I know that half of what I spend on advertising is wasted, but I don't know which half." Now, all parts of an advertising programme are properly measured and researched.
What makes a good advertisement? There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years.. People read advertisements partly for information and partly for pleasure. Today's advertisements often start with a question, or a puzzle, with the purpose of attracting the reader's attention. Of course, most advertisements contain information. But this is usually contained in a text that is interesting and often funny. Humour is very important. Sometimes advertisements tell a story, or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements. However, there is a danger in this. It is possible that the reader or viewer will remember the advertisement but not the name of the product.
72. The purpose of advertising is ____.
A. to increase product sales
B. to make a product much better
C. to spend more money
D. to reduce the production
73. Which of the following can be used in place of the underlined phrase "hand in hand" ?
A. Here and there. B. Again and again.
C. As usual. D. At the same time.
74. What is meant by what managers said in the second paragraph?
A. A11 the money on advertising was wasted.
B. Not all the advertisements were well designed.
C.A11 the managers knew about advertising then.
D. Managers spent no money on advertising.
75. What does the writer think of advertising?
A. Useless. B. Unnecessary. C. Important. D. Wasteful.
第三部分 写作（共三节，满分55分）
第一节 改错
British newspapers are much smaller and its readers are of ten 1._________
in a hurry, so newspapermen write so few words as possible. 2._________
They tell their readers at once what was happened, where, 3._________
when and how it happened and what is the resuh : how 4.________
much people were killed, what damage was done and so on. 5.________
Readers ,,ant the fact as fully and accurately as possible. 6._________
So newspaperman always bikes to get some itfformation from 7.__________
someone who was there, that can be given in the person's 8.__________
own words. Because he can use only a little words, the 9.__________
newspaperman must choose those words careful, everyone 10.__________
must be effective.
第二节 写作
某英语报正在就中学生可不可以带手机上学这一话题开展讨论。假如你是李华，请你根据下表所提供的信息，向该报编辑写一封英文信，发表观点。
手机的优点： 1．便于和父母和朋友联系；2. 能增加乐趣。
带手机上学存在的问题：1．上课时使用手机干扰教学；2. 用手机聊天、发短信费时费钱。
3．玩手机游戏，浪费时间。
建议： 你的观点。
注意：1. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总次数；
2. 词数：100左右。
Dear Editor:
I’m a senior three student. I”m writing to tell you my opinion
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
蚌埠三中2009届高三英语月考考试英语试题
甘肃省天水一中2009届高三第一学期期末考试化学
命题
本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共45分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共55分。满分100分，考试时间为90分钟。
可能用到的相对原子质量： O16 N 14
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共45分）
甘肃省天水一中2009届高三第一学期期末考试地理
命题:张敏,审核:何伟
第1卷 单项选择题(共60分)
探索宇宙的奥秘，开发宇宙的资源是人类创造力的最高体现之一。据此回答1~3题。
1．
A．距日太远 B．质量太小 c．轨道太扁 D．自身不发光
2．
A．农历初一 B．农历十五 C．农历初七、八 D．农历廿二、廿三
3．
A．格林尼治时间为5时30分 B．北京时间为10日22 时30分
c．全球还有一大部分地区是lO日 D.太阳直射点在向南移动
下图为我国某河干流一个水文站 测得的全年各月流量统计图，据此回答4－5题。
4、该河位于我国
A．西北地区 B．华北地区 C．东北地区 D．南方地区
5、该河流域适合种植的经济作物是
A．小麦 B．甜菜 C．棉花 D．小米
读四幅地貌景观图片，回答6、7题。
6．关于构成①一④地景观的岩石及其岩性的叙述正确的是
①景观中的岩石为喷出岩，在陆地表面广泛分布②景观中岩石属于沉积岩，岩层结构清晰③景观中岩石的岩性可能上硬下软 ④景观中的岩石为大理岩，易受酸性雨水侵蚀
A．①② B．②③ c．③④ D．①④
7．关于形成①一④地景观的地质作用，叙述正确的是
A．①景观中的奇峰怪石为流水溶蚀作用形成
B．②景观为壮观的大峡谷，由岩层断裂形成
c．③景观中，风力侵蚀是塑造该地貌的主要地质作用
D．④景观为早期受岩浆侵入影响变质的岩层，后抬升至地面形成
读大陆边缘向洋盆过渡的地形剖面示意图，回答8、9题。注意是大陆的东岸？西岸？
8．③图中，c地位于
A．非洲板块与印度洋板块张裂地带
B．美洲板块与亚欧板块张裂地带
C．印度洋板块与太平洋板块碰撞地带
D．亚欧板块与太平洋板块碰撞地带
9．流经①图a海域的洋流是
A．秘鲁寒流 B．墨西哥湾暖流
c．北大西洋暖流 D．日本暖流
下图是美国20世纪30年代某灾害分布示意图，完成10-12题。（发生天数最多处不临海）
10．图中反映的灾害可能是
A．暴风雪 B．飓风 c．水灾 D．沙尘暴
11．该灾害多出现于
A．4-5月 B．6-7月 C．8-9月 D．10-11月
12．该灾害形成最主要的原因是
A．距海远近 B．纬度高低 C．地形条件 D．植被破坏
苏轼诗曰“日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长做岭南人。”据此回答13-15 。
13．诗中的“岭”是指
A．秦岭 B．南岭 c．大兴安岭 D．乌鞘岭
14．江苏省不能种植荔枝的限制性因素主要是( )。
A．热量不足 B．土壤贫瘠 c．劳动力缺乏 D．降水稀少
15．岭南地区与江苏省均可以发展的农业是( )。
A．迁移农业 B．大牧场放牧业 c．水稻种植业 D．种植园农业
读工业组合图．回答16、17题。
16．分析影响各组工业区位选择的主要因素是( )。
A．①技术②市场③劳动力④动力 B．①市场②劳动力③资源④技术
c．①劳动力②技术③原料④市场 D．①技术②劳动力③市场④原料
17．工业区位受原料产地的制约越来越小，主要是因为( )。
A．产品质量和体积增加 B．运输条件和生产工艺的改进
c．产品质量和价格提高 D．劳动力价格和产品需求下降
下图是除南极洲以外的各大洲面积与平均海拔示意图，据此回答18-20题。
18．图中①②③④⑤⑥表示的大洲依次是( )。
A．欧洲、南美洲、北美洲、亚洲、非洲、大洋洲
B．大洋洲、欧洲、南美洲、亚洲、非洲、北美洲
c．大洋洲、南美洲、
北美洲、亚洲、非洲、欧洲
D．南美洲、北美洲、大洋洲、非洲、亚洲、欧洲
19．赤道和极圈都穿过的大洲是( )。
A．⑦ B．③ C．④ D．⑤
20．图中所示的六大洲中，缺失亚寒带针叶林的是( )。
A．①③ B．②④⑥ c．②③⑤⑥ D．①②⑤
据报道，我国首座70万千瓦塔式太阳能热发电系统在江苏江宁建成并成功发电。据此回答21-23题。
21．在江苏江宁建设太阳能电站的主要原因是该地区
①是我国太阳能资源最丰富的地区
②具有开发利用太阳能资源的资金与技术
③经济发达，能源需求量大
④人口稠密，建太阳能电站可吸纳当地大量的下岗工人
A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④
22．开发利用太阳能资源的主要优点是
A．清洁无污染可再生 B．投资成本低廉
C．技术先进 D．受自然条件影响小
23．除太阳能资源外，江苏省还有哪些具有开发潜力的新能源
A．地热 B．天然气 C．风能 D．核能
读下图回答题24―26题。
24．下列属于利用区内自然资源优势，重点发展的产业是
A．制茶业 B．石油化学工业
c．棉纺织业 D．微电子工业
25．该区域在进一步开发利用中应
A．在沿海各地围海造田
B．增加水稻种植面积
c．注重中低产田的改造
D．大力开发沿海湿地
26．从c城市乘火车至d城市不需要经过的铁路(走最近路线)有
A．京沪线 B．京哈线
C．京九线 D．哈大线
读我国中部某城市示意图，回答27题。
27．下列叙述正确的是
A．甲处优先发展的大型炼铝厂的优势主要是接近原料地
B．乙处发展服装、食品、自行车等轻工业为主的工业区，其主要区位优势接近消费市场 C．丙处建一个以电子工业为主的新型工业园区，主要依据是水陆交通运输便利，环境优美
D．甲处建发电厂主要优势在于，此处在与当地盛行风向相垂直的郊外，城市环境污染较小
读“某地理区域图”，完成28～29题。
28．图中甲地区根据当地的自然条件，今后经济发展方向最合理的是
A．为了解决粮食问题，应大规模开荒种粮
B．种植热带雨林作物
C．增加草场载畜量
D．充分利用热带草原的自然风光，发展旅游业
29．图中乙地区面临的最严重的环境问题
A．水土流失 B．大气污染 C．土壤盐碱化 D．荒漠化
30．下列关于电子通信带来的社会变革，不正确的有
A．开展电子商务，促进经济发展
B．为人们提供各种服务，方便生活
C．世界各地的科学家参加电子会议，在国际互联网上发表最新的论文，推动世界科学技术的发展
D．加快信函和包裹的传递速度
第二卷（非选择题）
31.（9分）读图11和相关资料，完成下列问题。
上海港是我国第一大港，在我国和上海市的经济发展中起着十分重要的作用。上海进出物资总量的60%和上海口岸外贸进出口物资的99%都通过上海港。此外，上海港还承担了总吞吐量中30%以上的国内中转货物。
图11
（1）简要分析上海港建港并成为我国第一大港的区位条件。（5分）
（2）上海地区属亚热带季风性湿润气候。请答出其主要气候特征和影响该地区的主要灾害性天气有（举两例即可）。（4分）
主要气候特征:
灾害：
32．（10分）科学发展观作为新时期指导我国经济社会发展的战略，在“十七大”被写入党章。关注人与环境的和谐发展，追求全面发展和可持续发展，是科学发展观的重要内容。
材料一：我国某省区高新技术开发区分布图和该省优势与特色产业增加值前五位百分比图（图6）。
（1）图示甲省区简称为_________；图中①河是_________②河是____________；两河之间的分水岭是__________________。（4分）
（2）扼要说明甲省高新技术开发区分布的特点。（2分）
（3）指出甲省高新技术产业在优势与特色产业增加值的位次，并简要说明该省发展高新技术产业的区位优势。（4分）
33.读我国某区域图（图14），完成下列问题。（4分）
026.jpg
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（1）影响
（2）结合当地自然条件，指出图中阴影区域农业发展应注意的问题。（2分）
34．下图( 图6 )为某地沿海景观示意图，读后回答：（7分）
（1）C、D、E三个工业设施中，
是港口， 是核电站。(2分)
（2）F处宜建 （旅游设施），(1分) 理由是什么?(2分)
（3）近年来，近岸海域赤潮频发，请简述其人为污染源?（2分）
35.（10分）分析右侧某城区图，并回答问题。
1）根据图中工业布局，该地主导风向可能_______。（1分）
2）从图中可以看出，该市工业区位除考虑风向外，还具有两个特点：（4分）
①________，原因是_______________。
②________，原因是_______________。
3）A处规划一大型工厂，根据当地具体条件，最可能是_______厂，其有利条件是______________。（3分）
4）该市计划在B处建该市商业中心，是否合理？
________，原因是____________________。（2分）
天水市一中2006级2008-2009学年第一学期期末考试
地理答案
选择题 1-5 CBDCB 6-10 BCDCD 11-15 ADBAC
16-20 DBACB 21-25 BACBC 26-30 CDDDD
31（9分）（1）①陆域条件:一般是说建港的地方 地形平坦 有利于港口设施的建设(2分)
②水域条件:又分两种:1是筑港条件(比如有淡水供应)2是停泊条件(比如水宽,深 适宜抛锚) (2分)③城市依托(比如上海是全国最大的商贸中心) (2分)④经济腹地(比如长三角经济区) (2分)
⑤不利条件(一般是河道的淤积) (2分)
（2）气候特征：夏季高温多雨，(2分)冬季低温少雨。(2分)灾害性天气：台风、暴雨、洪涝、大风、雷暴、龙卷风、大雾等气象灾害的影响。其中台风、暴雨时常造成巨大损失。(4分)（举两例即可）
32 答案：（20分） （1）陕（秦） 渭河 汉水（汉江） 秦岭（8分）
（2）河流（渭河）沿岸（陇海铁路沿线）的城市及附近地区（4分）
（3）第二位（2分） 区位优势: ①科技力量雄厚（西安等城市高校较多,科研与智力支持力较强）； ②交通便利（通讯便捷与电力有保障 ）。（6分）
33 地形 合理灌溉，防止土地盐碱化；节约用水
34答案：（16分） （1）D E (4分) （2）海滨浴场(2分) 理由:①有宽阔平坦的沙滩； ②离居民区近且环境优美。(4分) （3）工业废水、农业污水、生活污水、核电站废热水、航运污水等。(写出任三个得6分,每个2分)
35.答案：（10分）
（1）偏东风（或东风、东南风、南风，1分）
（2）工业位于城市郊区（1分） 保护城市生活环境，郊区地价低廉（1分） 工业位于交通线沿线（1分） 便于原料和产品运输（1分）
（3）钢铁（1分）接近煤铁资源，交通便利，水资源丰富，且处于城市的下风向（任答两点，2分）
（4）不合理（1分） 不符合商业布局的市场最优或交通最优原则（1分）
课题1、空气习题课精讲精练
【例题精讲】
【例题1】空气成分按体积计算，含量约占21％的气体是（ ）
A、氧气 B、 氮气 C、 二氧化碳 D、 稀有气体
【解析】空气中氮气约占78%，氧气约占21%，稀有气体约占0、94%，二氧化碳约占0、03%，其他杂质和气体占0、03%。这些指的都是体积分数。
【答案】A
【例题2】在充满空气的集气瓶中（瓶底铺一层细沙），放入一小块白磷，用灼热的铁丝把白磷点燃并立即把瓶盖塞紧，当白磷燃烧停止，集气瓶的温度恢复到室温时，打开瓶塞，感到比平时费力多了，这是为什么？
【解析】白磷燃烧前，瓶内外的压强相等，打开瓶盖不困难。白磷燃烧消耗了瓶中的氧气，使瓶中产生了负压，即瓶中的压强小于瓶外的压强，所以打开瓶塞时感到比平时费力多了。
【答案】燃烧后瓶内压强小于瓶外的压强。
【例题3】空气质量日报重要内容包括：首要污染物、空气污染指数和空气质量级别。
空气质量与空气质量级别的对应关系（表一）
空气质
量指数
0～50
51～100
101～150
151～200
201～250
251～300
＞300
空气质
量状况
优
良
轻度污
染Ⅰ
轻度污
染Ⅱ
中度污
染Ⅰ
中度污染Ⅱ
重度
污染
空气质
量级别
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
2003年5月×日我国部分城市空气质量日报（表二）
城市
首要污染物
空气污染指数
空气质量级别
上海
可吸入颗粒物
111
Ⅲ轻度污染
天津
可吸入颗粒物
82
昆明
二氧化硫
61
Ⅱ良
海口
―
24
Ⅰ优
（1）上述城市中容易出现酸雨的城市是 ；
（2）请根据表一和表二中的内容，确定当日天津的空气质量级别，并填在表二的空格内。
【解析】本题的关键是正确而有效地利用题中提供的信息，从中找出判断空气质量好坏的方法和标准。然后结合具体的问题做出合理的分析判断。注意并非空气污染指数越高，越容易出现酸雨。酸雨的形成主要与大气污染物二氧化硫有关，因此题中容易出现酸雨的城市不是上海，而是昆明。
【答案】（1）昆明 （2）Ⅱ良
【例题4】
（1）市场上销售的香肠、盐水鸭、榨菜、豆腐干等食品，常采用真空包装、真空包装的目的是除去空气，使大多数微生物因缺少 气而受到抑制，停止繁殖，同时防止食品发生缓慢氧化而变质。
（2）茶叶、肉松、膨化食品等常采用真空充气包装，即将食品装入包装袋，抽出包装袋内空气，再充入防止食品变质的气体，然后封口、真空充气包装能使食品保持原有的色、香、味及营养价值，防止食品受压而破碎变形。
【提出问题】充入食品包装袋中的气体是什么?
【猜想与验证】可能是N2，实验初步验证的方法及现象是 。充入的气体还可能是：① ；② ……
【解析】本题考查学生学习和利用信息资料解决问题的能力，同时培养学生开放性思维主动进行问题探究的意识和能力。解题的关键是认真阅题，理解并利用题中的信息，结合空气组成。真空包装和真空充气包装食品的共同之处都是使食品袋内缺少氧气和水分，这样微生物生理活动受到抑制，另外使食品本身不能发生缓慢氧化而变质，从而延长了保质期。真空充气包装显然不是真空，但充入的气体应具备不供给呼吸，化学性质稳定，不会带来危害，又比较容易获得等特点。因此猜想应朝这方面进行，这类常见的气体有氮气和二氧化碳，稀有气体获得较难，成本高，不考虑。这样猜想验证实施，就利用氮气和二氧化碳化学性质进行比较完成。
【答案】
（1）氧
（2）将燃着的木条伸入该气体，火焰熄灭，然后将该气体通入澄清石灰水中，石灰水变浑浊。①氮气②氮气和二氧化碳
【知识训练】
基础知识训练
1、关于空气说法中错误的是（ ）
A、 空气不是一种单一的气体
B、造成空气污染的气体主要是二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮
C、通过实验得出空气是由氧气和氮气组成结论的科学家是美国化学家普利斯特里
D、没有颜色和气味的气体不一定是空气
2、盛澄清石灰水的烧杯敞口放置于空气中一段时间后变浑浊，是由于空气中含有（ ）
A、氮气 B、氧气 C、二氧化碳 D、水蒸气
3、下列过程不会对空气造成污染的是（ ）
A、人和动物呼出的二氧化碳 B、煤燃烧产生的烟雾
C、汽车尾气排放的烟雾 D、石油化工厂排放的废气
4、植树节达到了高潮，关于植树造林的目的，下列说法不正确的是（ ）
A、防止沙尘暴 B、防止水土流失
C、净化空气 D、增加空气中的二氧化碳含量
5、 今年3月10日，我市出现了大范围的扬沙天气，此天气使空气中增加了大量的（ ）
A、 一氧化碳 B、 可吸入颗粒物
C、 二氧化氮 D、 二氧化硫
6、 在治理城市空气污染中所采取的措施不正确的是（ ）
A、 焚烧落叶 B、 增加绿地面积
C、 减少用煤作燃料 D、、 汽车改用清洁燃料
7、
A、二氧化硫、氮气、二氧化氮 B、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氮气
C、一氧化碳、甲烷、氢气 D、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮
8、空气中一般不含有的是（ ）
A、氮气 B、氢气 C、二氧化碳 D、稀有气体
9、下列事实说明空气中含有哪些成分：
（1）人和动植物的呼吸 ；
（2）炸脆的食物放置一段时间后变软 ；
（3）空气是制造氮肥的原料 ；
（4）长期放置的澄清石灰水的试剂瓶内有一层白膜 。
10、小白鼠在盛有空气的密闭容器中可以生活一段时间，说明空气中含有 。
综合提高训练
1、许多城市禁止燃放烟花爆竹，主要原因是防止（ ）
①空气污染； ②噪声污染； ③发生火灾； ④污染城市环境。
A、 ①② B、 ①③ C、②③ D、①②③④
2、下列物质的使用，能减轻污染的是（ ）
①无铅汽油； ②无氟制冷剂； ③无磷洗衣粉； ④脱硫煤。
A、①② B、②③④ C、①②③④ D、①②③
3、现代人正进入以“室内空气污染”为标志的第三个污染时期，以下不属于室内空气污染物的是（ ）
A、烹饪时产生的油烟
B、水果散发的香气
C、石材释放出有放射性的稀有气体氡
D、劣质粘合剂释放出含有甲醛等有害气体
4、下图分别是地球和火星的大气组成（体积分数）示意图。下列说法正确的是（ ）
Ａ、地球和火星的大气中O2的体积分数相等
Ｂ、地球和火星的大气中都含有N2
Ｃ、地球和火星的大气中CO2的体积分数相同
Ｄ、地球和火星的大气组成完全相同
5、环境污染已成对人类造成重大威胁。下列名词与环境污染无关的是（ ）
A、潮汐 B、酸雨 C、臭氧空洞 Ｄ、工业三废
6、“人文奥运、绿色奥运、科技奥运”将成为2008年北京奥运会的三个主题，北京将采取的下列措施中与“绿色奥运”关系最密切的是（ ）
A、建成四通八达的快速交通网络
B、综合治理环境，实现天更蓝、水更清、地更绿
C、进行信息化建设，奠定“数字北京”的基础
D、建设和改造水、电、气、热等生活设施
7、空气的主要成分是 和 ，按体积计算约21％是 ，78％是 。已知氧气密度为1.429克／升，氮气密度为1.25克／升，空气密度为1.293克／升，若按质量计算，空气中氧气 （填“＞”、“＜”或“＝”）21％。灯泡内一般充入 或 可使灯泡耐用，这一用途是利用了上述气体的 性质。
8、某课外活动小组设计了测定空气中氧气体积分数的实验，实验装置如下：
（1）该实验红磷过量的原因是 ；写出红磷燃烧的文字表达式 ；
（2）待燃烧停止，白烟消失并冷却后，打开止水夹，观察到烧杯中的水进入集气瓶，瓶内水面最终接近1处，由此可知氧气约占空气总体积的 。由本实验还可以推知氮气的哪些性质？试写出2种 。
（3）若将红磷换成碳粉，该实验能否得到理想的结果？ （填“能”或“不能”），理由是 。
【中考链接】
1、
2、为探究植物光合作用的原理，某校学生设计了如下实验装置。在同样条件下，你预测数天后植物生长最茂盛的是（ ）
3、下图是某大理石雕像分别摄于1908年、1969年的两幅图片。雕像的严重腐蚀反映出最主要的环境污染问题是什么?请就如何解决这一环境污染问题提出你的建议。(至少提出两点)
4、某研究性学习小组设计了如下图所示的装置，探究空气中氧气的体积分数，其中A是底面积为50 cm3、高20cm的圆筒状玻璃容器(带密封盖)，上面标有以cm为单位的刻度．B是带刻度的敞口玻璃管(其他辅助装置略)。他们的操作过程如下：
a、检查装置的气密性；
b、加入水并调整B的高度．使A中的液面至刻度15 cm处；
c、将过量的铜粉平铺在惰性电热板上。盖紧密封盖；
d、通电加热铜粉，待充分反应后，冷却到原来的状况，调整B的高度使容器A、B中的液面保持水平，记录液面刻度。(注：A容器内固态物质所占的体积忽略不计)
（1）在操作a中检查装置气密性的方法是 。
（2）在上述实验中，下列物质不能代替铜粉的是 (填字母)。
A、红磷 B、木炭 C、铁粉
（3）往操作d结束时，装置A 中液面的刻度约为 cm(填整数)。如果在操作d结束时，装置A中液面刻度在11cm处．则实验结果比理论值 (填“偏大”或“偏小”)。
⑷该小组中有同学提出，用木炭代替铜粉也能测定空气中氧气的体积分数．只要将水换成一种溶液，则该溶液是 ，其原因是 。
答案
基础知识训练
1、C（通过实验证明空气成分的科学家是法国的拉瓦锡）
2、C（二氧化碳和澄清石灰水反应变浑浊）
3、A（其他三个选项均可污染空气）
4、D（植物光合作用吸入二氧化碳，释放氧气，而并非增加空气中的二氧化碳）
5、B（扬沙是可吸入颗粒物）
6、A（燃烧落叶会有害气体及粉尘的产生，导致空气污染）
7、D（污染空气的三种气体是：二氧化硫、一氧化碳、二氧化氮）
8、B（根据空气组成判断）
9、【答案】
（1）氧气；
（2）水蒸气；
（3）氮气；
（4）二氧化碳
10、【答案】氧气（氧气支持呼吸）
综合知识训练
1、D（烟花爆竹导致上述四个原因，污染有大气污染、食品污染、噪声污染等）
2、C（①②④减轻空气污染；③减轻水污染）
3、B
4、B（分析图形进行比较）
5、A（酸雨、臭氧空洞、工业三废都是污染导致或能引起污染的）
6、B
7、【答案】氮气、氧气，氧气、氮气，＞（设空气的体积为V，氧气的质量为1、429×21%×V，空气质量为1、293×V，得出氧气的质量分数为：（1、429×21%×V）÷（1、293×V）=23、2%＞21%）；氮气和稀有气体或稀有气体；性质稳定，不易与其他物质反应。
8、【答案】
（1）保证瓶内的氧气全部消耗完，红磷+氧气
五氧化二磷
（2）1/5，不能助燃、不溶于水（或化学性质稳定），不能，碳粉燃烧生成二氧化碳气体，瓶内气体体积无明显的变化，不能形成压强差。
【中考链接答案】
1、【解析】解题的关键是了解人类面临的空气污染主要有粉尘和有害气体（包括CO、SO2、NO2等氮氧化合物）。对空气污染因素种类很多，要明确和层次分明。一定要注意CO2虽然在空气的含量过多会引起温室效应，但它不是空气污染物。另外此题要解答的是气体污染物，而不是固体悬浮物―烟尘。
【答案】 CO、SO2、NO2等氮氧化合物中的一种或名称。
2、【解析】氢氧化钠可以吸收二氧化碳气体，浓硫酸可以吸水，所以B、C的植物生长的不好，而D只有水，植物生长得也不会很好，A中雪碧饮料既能产生二氧化碳又有水，所以A数天后植物生长最茂盛。
3、【解析】大理石不溶于水，但图示告诉我们她溶于酸，这样可知道大理石雕像被腐蚀应该是空气污染后产生的酸雨所造成的。联系空气污染会引起酸雨的是SO2和NO2，这些气体来自于工厂的废气和燃烧含硫、氮的化石燃料燃烧所至。这样就找到了解题的方向。
【答案】此图反映出环境污染问题是：酸雨问题。
建议：限制含硫煤的使用；化工厂尾气处理达标后排放；使用绿色能源；汽车尾气经处理后排放。
4、【解析】检验装置的气密性必须要形成封闭体系，所以要往B中加水，使A、B液面保持水平，盖紧 A的密封盖，再向B中加水，使B中的液面高于A，一段时间后B中液面不下降，则气密性好。要测定空气中氧气的体积分数，应选择能和氧气反应，产生固体的物质，木炭和氧气生成二氧化碳气体，所以不能选择。因空气的氧气约占1/5，反应后装置A体积缩小1/5即3mL，为12mL，现为11mL，故实验结果比理论值偏大。若要用木炭粉代替铜粉，要把水换成能吸收二氧化碳的试剂即石灰水或氢氧化钠溶液。
【答案】
（1）往B中加水，使A、B液面保持水平，盖紧 A的密封盖，再向B中加水，使B中的液面高于A，一段时间后B中液面不下降，则气密性好。(或往B中加水，使A、B液面保持水平，盖紧A的密封盖，再用手捂住A的外壁，若B中的液面上升，则气密性好。)
（2）B
（3）12 ，偏大
（4）澄清石灰水或氢氧化钠溶液， 用石灰水或氢氧化钠吸收反应生成的二氧化碳。
地
理