31种解题方法让你考试无忧（15）
多离子盐溶液的结晶
多离子盐溶液中晶体的析出属初中所学内容，但初中所学不能满足于高考的要求，因此高中阶段有必要加深。
●难点磁场
请试做以下题目，然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
已知四种物质在水中、液氨中的溶解度(g溶质/
溶质
溶剂
AgNO3
Ba(NO3)2
AgCl
BaCl2
水
170
9.3
1.5×10－4
33.3
液氨
86
97.2
0.8
0
(1)分别是1.0 mol? L－1的Ag＋、Ba2＋、NO－3和Cl－在水中发生反应的离子方程式是 。
(2)分别是0.50 mol?L－1的以上四种离子在液氨中发生反应的离子方程式是
。
(3)得出以上结论的依据是 。
(4)将以上四种离子按适当浓度混合于液氨之中，能否有AgCl沉淀析出？
答：________(“能”或“否”)。
●案例探究
[例题]下面是四种盐在不同温度下的溶解度(g／
NaNO3 KNO3 NaCl KCl
(计算时假定：①盐类共存时不影响各自的溶解度；②过滤晶体时，溶剂损耗忽略不计)
(1)取
将滤液冷却至
(2)另取34.0gNaNO3和
命题意图：本题考查多离子溶液中晶体的析出(实为沉淀生成)和溶解度的计算技能。
知识依托：物质的结晶。
错解分析：不了解物质的结晶与复分解反应的关系，(1)问无解；没看出(2)问数据的巧妙而费解。
解题思路：(1)
m高温＝
＝
＝
将溶液冷却到
＝
=
析出NaCl晶体的质量为：(
则：m低温=
(2)两种原始溶液中，各种盐的物质的量都相等。
n(NaCl)=
=n(KNO3)=
=n(NaNO3)
=
=n(KCl)=
=0.400 mol。
因而溶解后得到的两种溶液中四种离子浓度完全相同，根据溶解度数据可知，
m′高温=m高温=
答案：(1)
●锦囊妙计
多离子溶液中的任何一种阳离子与任何一种阴离子相结合都可构成为溶液的一种溶质，若忽略同离子效应和盐效应(即假定盐类共存时不影响各自的溶解度)，当溶液中各离子浓度相等时，不论蒸发还是降温，溶解度最小的溶质首先析出，且析出盐的阳离子(或阴离子)与溶液中的其他阴离子(或其他阳离子)不会结晶析出，但与析出盐晶体中阴、阳离子无关的其他阴、阳离子所形成的溶质有析出的可能。
若溶液中各离子浓度不等，则有析出多种晶体的可能。若SA＞SB＞SC＞SD，则晶体析出的先后顺序为：D、C、B，一般不会析出A。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)取
2.(★★★)将例题中的“
3.(★★★★)将例题中的“
4.(★★★★★)某化学兴趣小组欲从NaNO3和KCl的混合溶液中分离出KNO3，设计了如下实验方案：
假设：①混合溶液中，n(KCl)=n(NaNO3)；②盐类共存时不影响各自的溶解度。溶液中各种溶质在
(1)①的主要操作是 ；
②的主要操作是 。
(2)晶体A的主要成分是____________，若含有杂质可能是____________。晶体C的主要成分是____________，若含有杂质可能____________；通过实验确定晶体C中是否含有该杂质的方法是 。
(3)若晶体C中确实含有杂质，进一步提纯的方法是____________。
31种解题方法让你考试无忧（14）
结晶水合物的析出
溶液中晶体的析出是初中学习的内容，初中学习时要求低，不能满足于高考的需要，因此有必要深入学习。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目，然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
t℃时向a
g饱和Na2CO3(aq)中加入
(1)S(Na2CO3)与a的关系式，S=_____________(S代表溶解度)。
(2)a的取值范围。
●案例探究
[例题]已知某温度下，无水Na2CO3的溶解度是
命题意图：考查学生对析出结晶水合物的计算能力。
知识依托：溶解度的概念和计算。
错解分析：常见错解有三：一是忽略析出的碳酸钠晶体中含有结晶水，二是不知道析出的碳酸钠晶体中含多少结晶水，三是认为析出的碳酸钠晶体中只含有
解题思路：解答本题有两种方法，一是过程思维法，二是终态思维法。
方法1(过程思维法)：先求加入的
Na2CO3 ～ Na2CO3?10H2O ～ 10H2O
m1(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
再求溶解在
m2(Na2CO3)＝
＝
Na2CO3 ～ Na2CO3?10H2O ～ 10H2O
m2(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
依次类推，求m3(Na2CO3)及m3(Na2CO3?10H2O)和m3(H2O)，直至所得晶体质量mi(Na2CO3?10H2O)在
(Na2CO3?10H2O)的和中可以忽略为止。
m3(Na2CO3)＝
＝
Na2CO3 ～ Na2CO3?10H2O ～ 10H2O
m3(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
m4(Na2CO3)=
=
m4(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
=
……(生成固体质量以0.170倍递减)
最后得出所得晶体质量m(Na2CO3?10H2O)
m(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
(Na2CO3?10H2O)
=
=
方法2(终态思维法)：设最终析出Na2CO3?10H2O的质量为x，则其中含有Na2CO3和水的质量分别为：
m(Na2CO3)=
m(H2O)=
这样，若将(－的水中，在题设温度下，当形成饱和溶液，所以：
x＝
答案：
评注：二法相比，方法一不及方法二简捷、准确。方法一之答案较方法二之答案出现一定的误差，是有效运算和四舍五入的结果。若进行纯数字运算，则两种方法的计算结果应该是完全相同的。
●锦囊妙计
求析出结晶水合物的质量，常有两种思维：(1)过程思维：按晶体析出分过程计算的一种方法，思维朴素易接受，但计算量大；(2)终态思维：摒弃晶体析出过程，直接由最终结果计算的方法，优点是计算量相对较小。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)在一定温度下，向足量的饱和Na2CO3(aq)中加入
A.等于
C.等于
2.(★★★)将例题中的“
3.(★★★★)t℃时，向足量饱和Na2CO3(aq)中，加入
4.(★★★★★)硫代硫酸钠晶体(Na2S2O3?5H2O)俗名海波、大苏打。现向定量饱和Na2S2O3(aq)中加入m g无水Na2S2O3固体，搅拌后静置，得到一定质量的Na2S2O3?5H2O晶体，欲求所得晶体质量x(g)，还必须补充一个条件。则：
(1)所补充的条件是 (用字母表示，但要说明它的含义)；
(2)写出求所得晶体质量的计算式，x＝______。
31种解题方法让你考试无忧（13）
较难离子方程式的书写
某些离子方程式因受规定条件的限制，也就给书写带来了一定的困难，有的甚至很难写出。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目，然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
1.将Al2(SO4)3(aq)逐滴滴入Ba(OH)2(aq)中，写出可发生反应的离子方程式。
(1)__________________________________；
(2)__________________________________；
(3)__________________________________(可不写满，也可补充)。
●案例探究
[例题]已知Br2水与FeCl2(aq)发生如下反应：
3Br2＋6FeCl2====4FeCl3＋2FeBr3
现将112 mL(标准状况)Cl2通入10.0 mL 1.0 mol?Ｌ－1的FeBr2(aq)中，写出发生反应的离子方程式__________________。
命题意图：考查学生离子方程式的书写及比较物质还原性强弱的能力。
知识依托：①物质氧化性(或还原性)强弱的比较。②Cl2的氧化性。③离子方程式的书写。
错解分析：不进行定量分析，误写出下列离子方程式：
2Fe2＋＋4Br－＋3Cl2====2Fe3＋＋2Br2＋6Cl－
不进行还原性比较，误写出下列离子方程式：
2Br－＋Cl2====2Cl－＋Br2
解题思路：通过题给反应可比较出Fe3＋与Br2的氧化性强弱(Br2强)，从而明确Cl2通入FeBr2(aq)中先与Fe2＋反应，若Cl2还有剩余再与Br－发生反应。
n(Cl2)＝
＝5.00×10－3
mol
n(FeBr2)＝10.0×10－
这样，Fe2＋可失去1.0×10－2 mol的电子，而Cl2最多得1.0×10－2 mol的电子，得失电子应守恒，故Br－不失电子。
答案：2Fe2＋＋Cl2====2Fe3＋＋2Cl－
●锦囊妙计
较难离子方程式的书写要注意以下问题：
1.不是以自由移动离子参加反应的，不能写成离子的形式，包括难溶于水的强电解质、所有弱电解质和非电解质，都必须写成化学式的形式；这里特别需要指出的是某些易溶于水的强电解质，若没电离成自由移动的离子，也不能写成离子的形式，中学阶段常见的有：
①Cl2通入石灰乳中；
②用NaCl(或萤石)和浓H2SO4制取HCl(或HF)；
③加热NH4Cl和Ca(OH)2的混合物制取NH3。
2.离子方程式不仅遵循质量守恒定律，还遵循电荷守恒规律。水解相互促进离子方程式的配平，可先进行电荷守恒配平。
3.原电池和电解池两极上的电极反应式叠加不一定是电池总反应的离子方程式。
4.多离子溶液中，离子得失电子的能力也是应该注意的。如得电子能力：Br2＞Fe3＋＞I2。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)完成下列反应的离子方程式。
(1)将NaAlO2(aq)和AlCl3(aq)混合： (水解相互促进，反应进行到底，下同)；
(2)将10.00 mL 0.10 mol?L－1的NaHCO3(aq)与5.00 mL 0.10 mol?L－1的KAl(SO4)3(aq)混合： 。
2.(★★★★)
(1)向NaHSO4(aq)中，逐滴加入Ba(OH)2(aq)至中性，写出发生反应的离子方程式_______________。
(2)在以上中性溶液中，继续滴加Ba(OH)2(aq)，请写出此步反应的离子方程式_______________。
3.(★★★★)已知还原能力：I－＞Fe2＋＞Br－，则：
(1)少量Cl2通入FeI2(aq)中，反应的离子方程式是 ；
(2)过量Cl2通入FeI2(aq)中，反应的离子方程式是 ；
(3)将1.2 mol Cl2通入含有FeI2 1.0 mol的水溶液中： 。
4.(★★★★★)铝铵矾[NH4Al(SO4)2?12H2O]是一种重要的工业原料，将它溶于水配成溶液，然后逐滴滴入NaOH(aq)，已知：NH
＋AlO
＋H2O====Al(OH)3↓＋NH3↑，写出先后发生反应的离子方程式：
(1) ，
(2) ，
(3)NH3?H2O
NH3↑＋H2O，
(4) 。
31种解题方法让你考试无忧（12）
顺序不同现象异
化学上有一类反应，将A滴入B中与将B滴入A中现象往往不同，此即所谓：顺序不同现象异。
●难点磁场
请试做下列题目，然后自我界定学习本篇是否需要。
向下列溶液中滴入硝酸银溶液，振荡，不产生白色沉淀，继续滴入硝酸银溶液，产生白色沉淀的是( )
A.NH3?H2O B.BaCl
●案例探究
[例题]下列四组溶液，不论如何滴加，反应现象一定相同的是________。
A.NaOH和CuSO4 B.Ca(OH)2与H3PO4
C.NaOH与AlCl3 D.NaAlO2与HCl
命题意图：考查学生对过量反应的认识。
知识依托：无机化学反应。
错解分析：将A滴入B中，A不足，B过量；将B滴入A中，B不足，A过量。A、B比例不同，反应原理和实验现象往往不同，对此认识不清，往往造成错解。
解题思路：逐项分析。
(1)不论NaOH过量，还是CuSO4过量，二者只按下式反应：
Cu2＋＋2OH－====Cu(OH)2↓
即过量的NaOH或CuSO4，都不与生成的Cu(OH)2反应。A可选。
(2)①将Ca(OH)2向H3PO4滴加，开始时H3PO4过量，生成可溶于水的Ca(H2PO4)2，至H3PO4消耗完毕。随着Ca(OH)2的不断增加，Ca(H2PO4)2中的H＋逐渐被中和掉，先后分别出现CaHPO4沉淀和Ca3(PO4)2沉淀。即开始不生成沉淀，后来生成沉淀。
将H3PO4向Ca(OH)2中滴加，开始时，Ca(OH)2过量，H3PO4被完全中和，生成Ca3(PO4)2沉淀，至Ca(OH)2消耗完毕。随着H3PO4的不断滴加，Ca3(PO4)2逐渐转化为CaHPO4，最后转化为可溶于水的Ca(H2PO4)2。即开始生成沉淀，后来沉淀溶解。B不可选。
(3)将NaOH(aq)滴入AlCl3(aq)中，开始产生沉淀，后来沉淀逐渐消失。将AlCl3(aq)滴入NaOH(aq)中，开始不产生沉淀，后来产生沉淀不消失。C不可选。
(4)将NaAlO2滴入稀盐酸中，开始无沉淀产生，后来产生沉淀不消失。将稀盐酸滴入NaAlO2溶液中，开始有白色沉淀产生，后来沉淀逐渐溶解。可见，D不可选。
答案：A
●锦囊妙计
顺序不同现象异，其实质是过量反应和连续反应的结果，做好过量分析是解决这类问题的关键：
将A溶液滴入B溶液中，开始时，A不足，B过量，A完全反应，B剩余。随着滴加的进行，B溶液将消耗殆尽。这时再滴入的A可能会与A、B反应的产物C反应。
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★)向下列溶液中滴入稀硫酸，生成白色沉淀，继续滴入稀硫酸，沉淀又溶解的是( )
A.Na2SiO3 B.BaCl2 C.FeCl3 D.NaAlO2
2.(★★★★)向下列一定浓度溶液中滴入氢氧化铁胶体，没有红褐色沉淀产生，继续滴入氢氧化铁胶体，产生红褐色沉淀的是( )
A.H2SO4 B.Na2SO4 C.HCl D.C2H5OH
3.(★★★★)一定浓度的下列溶液中滴入蛋白质溶液，产生沉淀，再滴入蒸馏水，沉淀不溶解的是( )
A.Na2SO4 B. (NH4)2SO4 C. Pb(Ac)2 D.HNO3(△)
4.(★★★★★)已知，向Zn2＋溶液中滴加氨水，生成Zn(OH)2白色沉淀；但是氨水过量时，沉淀又溶解，生成了Zn(NH3)
。此外，Zn(OH)2既可溶于盐酸，也可溶于过量NaOH溶液中，生成ZnO
，所以Zn(OH)2是一种两性氢氧化物。
现有4组离子，每组有2种金属离子。请各选用1种试剂，将它们两者分开，可供选用的试剂有：
A.硫酸 B.盐酸 C.硝酸 D.氢氧化钠溶液 E.氨水 请填写下表：(填写时用字母代号)
离子组
选用的试剂(代号)
沉淀物的化学式
保留在溶液中的离子
(1)Zn2＋和Al3＋
(2)Zn2＋和Mg2＋
(3)Zn2＋和Ba2＋
(4)Fe3＋和Al3＋
辽宁省营口市2009届高三高考模拟考试
英语试卷
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷、答题纸及答题卡上，并把答题卡上准考证号对应的位置，用2B铅笔涂黑。座位号填写在答题纸第2页右上角指定位置。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。
3. 非选择题用蓝或黑色笔答在答题纸的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，请将本试题卷、答题纸和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷
（选择题共55题，共85分）
第一部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节 单项填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. All our efforts will certainly lead to ________ more peaceful and more advanced world, _______ place where everyone enjoys his life and freedom.
A. the, a B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the
2.---Sorry ,Ann . I’m afraid that I can’t go to the magic show by David Copperfield with you.
---________Who knows when he will be back here next time?
A. It doesn’t matter. B. Do as you like.
C. What a shame! D. Take it easy.
3. My daughter is really _______QQ these days. She spends hours on it every day.
A. into B. up C. onto D. with
4.Good advertisements may well ________the consumers’ emotional needs as well as providing information.
A. refer to B. see to C. turn to D. lead to
5---Hi, David! How was your trip to
---Wonderful. I have never had _______ in my life.
A. a most exciting holiday B. a more exciting holiday
C. the most excited holiday D. the more excited holiday
6. Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he’s all right. He’s lucky he ______ hurt himself badly.
A. might B. would C. could have D. should have
7. ________ words do a better job of describing what it’s like to be a high school student than “ pressure”.
A. Few B Many C. Some D. Little
8. If you want to know the train schedule, please _______ at the booking office.
A. inquire B. acquire C. require D. request
9. It really seemed ages _______ the police came on the scene and cleared away the damaged cars.
A. before B. after C. when D. as
10. Many American high school students _______ after-school jobs to make money and get a little bit more independence from their parents.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take over
11. William Beebe, one of the first men ______ the depth of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of one book.
A. exploring B. having exploring
C. to be exploring D. to explore
12. -----Eric, you didn’t travel by train?
-----I ________, but then I decided to go by car instead; it was more convenient.
A. was going to B. didn’t C had to D. wouldn’t
13. I don’t think there is any sense listening to whatever you say ______ I don’t see things the way you do.
A. as if B. even if C. in case D. now that
14. Everyone has a unique character, and a place _______ truly suits him or her.
A. who B. what C. where D. that
15. I had been told that she was really nice but she was ______ nice when I met her.
A. anything but B. something but
C. nothing but D. everything but
第二节 完型填空 （ 共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分 ）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16―35各题所给的四个选项（A、 B、 C和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.
Although the cat doesn’t 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.
If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.
18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run.
Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always 24 to express your feelings freely.
Does this mean that it’s smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health.
Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, don’t just 29 . It’s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 you’d smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, you’d 31 little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them. They’d be rotten.
You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard. You can 33 they don’t exist, but they’ll still be 34 . And at last you’ll have to 35 them. Just like those bananas.
16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember
17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide
18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently
19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill
20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet
21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however
22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up
23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise
25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent
26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let
27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different
28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful
29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out
30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away
31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see
32. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though
33. A. pretend B. expect C. decide D. assume
34. A. in B. around C. over D. beyond
35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out
第二部分 阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分 ）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Time out, extra chores and taking away privileges are more useful forms of disciplining (惩戒)naughty children than spanking or hitting, according to a study on Wednesday.
About 94 percent of parents use some form of physical punishment to teach their two-year-olds right from wrong, according to research studies. But psychologists say it could lead to later emotional and behavioral problems.
Even children who were only spanked some of time are more likely to show signs of sadness or have less confidence.
“The key is to be fair and do the same thing each time. Doing something
like hitting a child that seems cruel at best doesn’t help and can put a child
at risk for problems,” said Dr Paul Frick, of the
“It is better to use other punishments,” he added.
The
use of physical punishment to teach children has long been debated. In
countries such as
Frick and his team, who studied the effects of physical punishment on 98 children, said they couldn’t find any positive effects. Some children learned more from the hitting than what the parent was trying to teach them.
“The key is to have a lot of different forms of punishment depending on the age of the child,” said Frick, who reported his findings in the Journal of Applied Child Psychology.
He recommended time out for younger children and taking away television and electronic toys for older children. Giving extra chores can also get the message across.
Other measures are at least as effective as physical punishment and have less harmful potential consequences.
The researchers kept children whom they thought were at risk of later conduct problems out of the test and an equal number of other children who acted as a control group, to study what measures would be most helpful.
They questioned the parents and the children about positive and negative parenting behavior including the use of physical punishment.
“We got it from both viewpoints,” said Frick.
He added that children on the receiving end of a hit can learn that when they are upset and angry they hit, rather than understanding their behavior was wrong and that they need to do better.
36. According to the passage, why did Dr Frick advise against physical punishment?
A. Because the children will learn their behavior is wrong in time.
B. Because the children may hit people as a solution to problems.
C. Because it is illegal to use physical punishment in certain countries.
D. Because parents think it’s the easiest way to teach kids right from wrong.
37. Which of the following punishments is NOT recommended by Frick and his team?
A. Taking away toys B. Not allowing watching TV
C. Switching TV channels D. Doing more housework.
38. What should be kept in mind when disciplining a kid?
A. How he or she usually behaves.
B. Tell them why they are punished.
C. Be fair and stick to the same principle.
D. Use different forms of punishment each time.
39. Which of the following statements would Dr Frick agree to?
A. Spanking often fails to get the message of the parents across.
B. Parents need to praise their children after disciplining them.
C. The older a kid is, the fewer forms of punishment there are.
D. Many parents use physical punishment because of their own parents.
40. What’s the purpose of the writer to write this article?
A. To debate if physical punishment is illegal.
B. To introduce how to deal with young kids.
C. To order parents not to spank young kids.
D. To talk about how to discipline young kids.
B
Jenny Bowen, an American living in
Bowen, a mother of two adopted
Chinese daughters, is the executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an
organization which was founded in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and improve
the prospects for orphaned children in
Bowen hopes that running with the
Olympic torch would help draw attention to the children in China. She will be
among 19,400 runners who carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route
across five continents.
Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese
winners, including a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in
According to Olympic organizers, candidates (候选人) were selected based on an online vote, committee selection, their “ love of Chinese culture and history ” and devotion to “ communicating information of a real China to their native countries”. Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.
41. According to the text, Jenny Bowen ____________.
A. is interested in Chinese sports
B. founded Half the Sky, an organization which aims to help Chinese orphans
C. has adopted 13,000 children during 10 years
D. loves Chinese culture and history
42. Bowen hopes that being a torch runner would help ____________.
A. collect educational tools, medical support, etc, for orphans
B. make Half the Sky Foundation well known
C. communicate information of
D. draw attention to orphans in
43. Which of the following about the 2008 torch relay is WRONG?
A. The contest for its runners is organized by Lenovo Group and China Daily.
B. It has eight foreign runners, including an American, a German and a Venezuelan.
C. It will be the longest relay with the most runners in Olympic history.
D. It will be an opportunity to
communicate information of a real
44. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. A
B. HAPPY LIFE OF A
C. DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE WELFARE INSTITUTIONS.
D. THE LONGEST TORCH RELAY IN OLYMPIC HISTORY.
45. After reading the passage, we can infer that it is a(n) ____________.
A. biography B. argument C. newspaper D. advertisement
C
On Web sites across the Internet, people can access a variety of information about you. It’s in your interest to be aware of your online reputation and to take the necessary actions to make it what you want it to be.
The first step in protecting or improving your online reputation is to find out what information is already posted on the Internet and to assess the impression it leaves on people. Follow these tips to monitor and evaluate your online reputation:
Play the name game. Begin by typing your first and last name into several popular search engines to see where you are mentioned and in what context.
Example:
Robin Counts
Focus your search. To get more precise (精确的) results, put quotation marks around your name, so that the search engine reads your name as a phrase and not as two or more unrelated words that just happen to appear in the text.
Example:
“Robin Counts”
Search all of your names. If you have ever used a different name, if you use your middle name or initial, if you use a nickname, or if your name is frequently misspelled, search all variations to make sure you don’t miss anything important.
Example:
“Robin Counts”
“Robin J. Counts”
“Robin Counts Jensen”
Be strategic. If your search turns up information about other people who share your name, you can eliminate (消除) many false hits by using keywords. You can add keywords that apply only to you; for example your city, your employer, or a hobby.
Example:
“Robin Counts” “Woodgrove Bank”
“Robin counts”----skydiving
Go blogging. If any of your friends, family members or coworkers have blogs or personal Web pages on social networking sites, check them out from time to time to see if they are writing about you or posting pictures of you.
Be alert. Use the feature provided by some search engines that enables you to receive automatic notification (通知) of any new mention of your name or other personal information.
46.The passage mainly gives us advice on _____________.
A. how to google ourselves
B. how to monitor our online reputation
C. how to use different search engines
D. how to protect our online reputation
47. If you put quotation marks around your name when you search online, you will ____________.
A. get general information about yourself
B. still get other people’s information
C. get only your information
D. get most information about others
48. Which is the correct way to search if you want to eliminate many false hits?
A. “Jim Allan Green ” B. Jim Green
C. “Jim Green” D. “Jim Green”---gardening.
49. You are advised to go blogging to _______________.
A. have a better communication with your friends and family members
B. check out how popular you are with your friends and relatives
C. check out if others are writing about you or posting pictures of you
D. ask others not to disclose your personal information and picture
50. The feature provided by some search engines can help you to ___________.
A. prevent any new mention of your name or other personal information
B. find out any new mention of your name or other personal information.
C. know quickly any new mention of your name or other personal information
D. stop the spread of any new mention of your name or other personal information
D
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization (最佳化) compare the actual decision made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format (格式) that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges (出现) as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多方面的)，there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a concise statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that lead to successful career?”
51.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.
C. Research on how people make decisions.
D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.
52. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
A. Listing the consequences of each solution.
B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
C. Deciding which consequences are most important.
D. Writing down all possible solutions.
53. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that _____________________.
A. has the fewest variables to consider
B. uses the most decision worksheets
C. has the most points assigned to it
D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people
54. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of _____________.
A. describing a process
B. classifying types of worksheets
C. providing historical background
D. explaining a theory
55. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” to explain that _____________________.
A. most decisions involve seven steps
B. human mental capacity has limitations
C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
D. people can keep more then seven ideas in their minds with practice
第 II 卷
（非选择题 共35分）
第三部分 书面表达 （共二节，满分35分）
第一节：阅读表达（4个小题，前2个小题各2分，后2个小题各3分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，请根据文后的要求答题（请注意后面的词数要求）。
People in the
Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June.
Mother’s Day was proclaimed (宣布) a day for national observance by President
Woodrow Wilson in 1915. Ann Jarvis from
In 1909, Mrs Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the
idea of a day to honor fathers. She wanted to honor her own father, William
Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of
five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first father’s Day was observed in
These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery(墓地). On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues(烧烤) for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but is the thought that counts. Greeting card stores, florists(花店), candy makers, bakeries, telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
1. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If a person wears a red carnation, it shows that the mother is still living.
2. Which sentence is main sentence of the fifth paragraph? (Please answer within 10 words)
3. What day is Mother’s Day ?
4. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
第二节：写作（共1题，满分25分）
我国运动健儿在2008年北京奥运会上取得了优异成绩，全国为之沸腾。
“与奥运冠军共成长”已成为全国青少年的热门话题。请就下表中的内容写一篇英语短文。
注意：1.对所给要点不要逐条翻译，要有适当发挥；
2.词数：120左右。短文开头已为你写好，不计入总数；
3.参考词汇：追求 pursue
奥运冠军的共同点
1. 全力以赴，追求卓越；
2. 尊重他人，文明参赛；
3. 面对失败，永不言弃。
如何做生活中的冠军
1. 明确目标，奋勇向前；
2. 心态平和，诚信待人。
你的观点
……
Our athletes have made many achievements in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,
英语答案
1.-----5 CCABB 6-----10 CAAAC 11-----15 DADDA
16-----20 CCCBB 21-----25 DCADC 26-----30 ABBAC
31-----35 DAABB
36-----40 BCCAD 41-----45 DDCAC 46-----50 BBDCC 51-----55 ADCAB
卷II
1.A red one symbolizes a living mother.
2.These two special days are celebrated in many different ways.
3.The second Sunday in May is Mother’s day.
4.礼物的贵贱并不重要，重要的是对父母的心意。
A possible version
Our athletes have made many achievements in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, which makes all the Chinese excited. Now how to grow up along with Olympic Champions has become a hot topic.
As we know, the Olympic Champions have much in common. First, they go all out to be excellent. Second, they treat others with respect and behave well during the games. Third, faced with one failure after another, they never give up.
How can we become a champion in real life? For one thing, we must set a clear goal, which will inspire us to pursue what we want. For another, a good state of mind is one of the key factors in success. Certainly, it’s very important for us to be sincere to others.
As middle school students, we must learn to deal with stress and build up self-confidence. Besides, we should treasure friendship and try to concentrate on our goals all the time.
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