5.there与其它动词连用 

除动词be外,其它一些动词也可以与there连用。这些动词有两类:一类是表示存在概念的状态动词,如:exist,remain,live,lie,stand等;一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词,如:come,enter,arise,occur,follow,appear等。例如: 

There lies a river behind the house.屋后有一条河。 

Then there came a knock at the door.然后听到敲门声。 

At a later stage there arose new problem swhich seemed insoluble.在后期出现了似乎无法解决的新问题。 

There followed an uncomfortable silence.接着是一阵令人难受的沉默。

[同类预测]  it句型和there be 句型在某些时候极易混淆性这一特征,使它们在命题是经常同时出现,对与这样的试题一定要加强分析,找准突破口。

(1)He is getting better. _____ is no need to send for a doctor.

  A. There  B. It  C. This  D. That

答案:A

解析:本题考查it和there be句型易混淆的情况。本题是个there be结构,There is no need to do … = It is not necessary to do…,没有it is no need句型,但有It is no good/use doing…句型,相当于there is no good/use doing…句型。

(2)---- Did everyone pass the examination?

  ---- No, _____ only three of them who passed it.

  A. there was      B. it was 

  C. these were     D. that was

答案:B

解析:先排除A,因此主谓不一致,在排除C,表示“这是三个通过考试的”应该用表示特指these are the three of them,D中用that就更不对了。所以本题只能选B,是个强调句,“通过考试的就他们中的三个人”

答:针对这一考点,考生易犯的错有:

① 反身代词和某些动词或介词连用构成的短语。

② 某些代词在句型结构中的固定使用。

③ it, that, one作替代词的用法区别。

④ 限定词的顺序,此类考题出现不多,是考生较难把握的一个知识点。

⑤全否定和半否定的用法

例1. (08山东卷)Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave.

A. something      B. anything        C. everything  D. nothing

[答案]A 。

[题源探究]  考查 something   、anything、everything  和 nothing的区别,尤其是anything和everything的区别。

[广角思维]  该句的意思是“在你离开前务必确定你得到了通行证、票和所必须的一切东西。” 所需要的东西在该题中提供了一个隐含的范围,而指代范围内的一切用everything.

[易误警示]   该题容易排除D。但是A/B/C该怎么选择就很难了。有的学生一看该题是肯定句就不加思考选择可答案A。

[悟彻高考]  something是指某些,可以用在肯定句和疑问句中。

Anything是指没有一个固定范围的任何东西,可以用在肯定句和疑问句中以及否定句中。You can take anything you like.

Everything是指固定范围内的一切东西。

[同类预测] 对该组词的考查会集中在对anything和everything的考查,与这一用法类似的结构有anyone和everyone。

He cares so little about his meals that _____ will do so long as it fills his stomach.

  A. anything      B. everything 

  C. nothing       D. something

答案:A

解析:根据上句“他基本上不在乎吃什么饭”可以推断“任何能填饱肚子的东西都成”,因此用anything“任何东西”。

例2:(08福建卷)21. –How do you find your new classmates?

– Most of them are kind, but ____ is so good to me as Bruce.

A. none      B. no one      C. every one      D. some one

[答案]A 。

[题源探究]  考查none和no one的区别以及在具体语境中的运用。

[广角思维]  在该对话中你的新同学提供了一个固定范围,答语中“没有任何一个人像布鲁斯那样对我好。”可以知道要用A. 

[易误警示]  忽略了新同学的暗示作用,选择了no one。对none和no one的区别关键在于确定有无范围。

[悟彻高考]no one 只用于指人,而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人(物)之中一个也不”,用“none of”,后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。如:

No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.

None of them have(或has)arrived yet.(不用no one)

None of the money is mine.

另外none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。  例如:

    None of them have/has failed.

    -- How many books are there on the desk ? -- None.

  注意:no one (=nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语,不可跟of短语连用,

  回答以who开头的问句,不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。例如:

    -- Who is in the room ? -- no one(=Nobody).

    --Is there any oil in the glass ? -- None.  

[同类预测]none和no one;everyone和 every one的区别是一样的,都是非常重要的知识点和易考点。

(1)Some people would rather ride bikes as bike ridding has     of the trouble of taking buses.

A. nothing   B. none    C. some    D. neither

答案:B

解析:nothing是不定代词,不能放在介词of的前面:neither(两者)都不;some与句子的意思不符,都不能作为答案。None of the trouble of taking buses没有乘公共汽车的麻烦。

(2)It’s raining outside. I just need an umbrella, so _____ will do.

  A. one  B. anyone  C. it  D. any one

答案:D

解析:本题考查不定代词的用法。one是非特指,相当于an umbrella,而it是特指就是上文提到过的那个事物,本题中没有任何特定所指事物,故也不合适。anyone = anybody只代人,也因排除。any one = any umbrella,“任何一把伞”。

例3:(08全国I卷)30. -Which of the two computer games did you prefer?

-Actually I didn’t like ______.

A. both of them       B. either of them      C. none of them       D. neither of them

[题源探究] 考查全否定和半否定的用法

[广角思维]  通过语境我们可以知道是说两个都不喜欢,因为有否定词don’t 所以用either of them    来表示两者都不。

[易误警示]  不知道部分否定与全部否定结果选择了A. 忽略了否定词don’t结果选择了D。 

[悟彻高考]部分否定与全部否定:

当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时,一般只表示部分否定,如果表示全部否定,应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.

All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。

(现代英语中常写成:Not all the students were late for the class.)

None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。 

  [同类预测]部分否定与全部否定的用法是代词这一语法知识中的重点和难点,一定要在复习中做到全面掌握和熟悉运用。

- Which of the two books do you want?

- I want_____. Please show me _____.

A. none; another  B. all; the other   C. neither; the other   D. neither; another

答案:D 

解析:答语意为:“两本我都不要,请给我另外一本。”其他三个选项不定代词表达的数上或意思上与问候语相矛盾。

例4.(云南省2008届高三英语第二次统测试题34) He is so addicted to smoking that ____ seems to be no chance of talking him into quitting.

A. this         B. what        C. it          D. there

[答案]D。

[题源探究] 考查there be 句型的用法。

[广角思维]  句子意思是“她如此沉溺于吸烟以至于似乎没有可能性去说服他戒烟。” 用there be 句型来表示有无。 

[易误警示]  受选项设计的影响有的学生认为是考查it用法的结果选择C;还有部分学生不能准确分析句子结构,选择了B. 

[悟彻高考]   it句型和there be 句型在某些时候极易混淆,下面介绍there be 句型的具体用法:

There be句型是英语中常见的特殊句型,用以表示某物某事存在或不存在。句中的there只起引导作用,并无实际意义,句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。There be句型有多种表现形式,可以用来表达多种复杂的含义。 

1.There be与情态动词连用 

There be句型中的谓语动词be可与各种情态动词连用,表示"一定有"、"可能有"、"应该有"等含义。例如: 

He felt that there must be something wrong.他感到一定是出了错儿。 

There might be drinks if you wait a bit.如果你等一会儿,可能会有酒。 

There can’t have been much traffic so late at night.这么晚了,街上的车辆不会太多。 

There oughtn’t to be too great discrepancy in our views.我们的看法不应该有太大的分歧。 

3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上

    例  It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 

[同类预测]强调句型的结构灵活多变,并且能与其他句子结构混淆在一起,这些特种使这一知识点成为各种考试中命题人普遍关注的敏感的问题。]

 ---- He was nearly drowned once.

  ---- When was _____?

  ---- _____ was 1998 when he was in middle school.

  A. that; It  B. this; This  C. this; It  D. that; This

答案:A

解析:that可以用来指代前文的内容,而it在此指代时间。this一般指下文要提到的,而that指上文已经提到过的事情,如:

What I want you to remember is this: English is of great use.

They can’t not afford it. That is their problem.

例3:(太原市2008年高三年级模拟试题一)The doctors said that few patients,_____ ,could come back to normal after getting this disease.

   A.if some     B.if any   C.if have       D.if has

[答案]A 。

[题源探究] 考查some和 any的区别以及含有代词的一些固定短语。

[广角思维]  句意是“如果有一些病人能恢复正常的话也很少。” If any符合语境。 

[易误警示]  很多考生收固定思维的影响,认定some用在肯定句中,这样就选择了if some.

[悟彻高考]  some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中和条件状语从句。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。

[同类预测]  some和 any的区别是最简单也最容易出错的用法,对它们的测试在命题中频繁出现。

- Your coffee smells great!

- It’s from Mexico. Would you like _____?

A. it    B. some    C. this    D. little

答案:B

解析:在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any

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