n　　　　 以上各种形式的使用场合及区别

1.　　　 to be done / being done/doing　 常作定语

to be done 与说明对象之间表被动和将来;　

being done与说明对象之间表被动和进行；

doing与说明对象之间表主动和进行.

The students to be interviewed tomorrow are required to bring all the necessary papers.

= The students who ______ _　　　 　　　　　tomorrow are required to bring all the necessary papers.

The problem being discussed now is about “Economy or environment”.

= The problem which ________ ________ _________ now is about “Economy or environment”.

The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirt.

= The old man who ________　_________ __________ 　wears a white shirt.

6、状语

²　　　　 使用不定式常表目的。

　 He came here to attend an important meeting.

²　　　　 使用-ing可表时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、补充说明等。

　Turning around, he saw a car driving up.(表_________)

Not knowing his address, he had much difficulty finding his home. (表_________)

The fire lasted a month, leaving nothing valuable. (表_________)

　Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. (表_________)

He lay on the bed, thinking what to do the next day. (表_________)

Yesterday John sent me a letter, telling me that he would come to see me the next month.

(表_________)

5、宾补：

不定式或-ing作宾补一般用在动词：

(1)　　　 感官动词: find, see, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel后

(2)　　　 使役动词 make, have, let, keep, leave后

　 　宾补用(省to)不定式，-ing， 过去分词都可，但意义不同。

　 I saw him come in.(说明的对象是宾语，表主动，动作全过程)

　 I saw him coming towards us.(说明的对象是宾语，表主动，进行)

　 He raised his voice to make himself heard ( by the students).(说明的对象是宾语，表被动)

　 Sorry to keep you waiting so long. (说明的对象是宾语，表主动和 “一直所处的状态”)

　 He hurried out of the washing room, leaving the water still running. (说明的对象是宾语，表主动和 “一直所处的的状态”)

　 People along the coast had all their houses ruined by the typhoon. (说明的对象是宾语，表被动)

4、宾语

²　　　　 使用不定式：在某些动词后

He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day.

My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT.

He pretended to be asleep when I approached her.

后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

²　　　　 使用-ing

(1)在某些动词后

He is considering changing for a new job.

后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)在介词后

She relaxes herself by shopping。

Look forward to seeing you again.

to 是介词的词组还有：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

²　　　　 使用不定式和-ing意义不同

(1) forget doing(having done)________________　　 forget to do________________________ 　

remember doing(having done)_______________　 remember to do_____________________

regret doing(having done) __________________　 regret to do______________________

(2) try doing _______________　　　 try to do_______________

(3) mean doing______________　　　 mean to do______________

(4) cant help doing______________　　 can’t help (to) do _____________

(5) stop doing_______________　　　 stop to do_______________

(6)need doing_______________　　　 need to do_______________

3、定语

²　　　　 使用不定式：

(1)在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来(主动形式表被动意义)

We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do)

There is a long way to go. (there be… to do)

With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do)

　 (2)有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后

He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions.

²　　　　 使用-ing：

(1)表____________

a developing country　 the fast-growing economy　 a sleeping boy　 the rising sun

Do you know the person talking to the headteacher now?

= Do you know the person who are talking to the headteacher now?

　 (2)表_____________

Those wishing to join this club should sign here.

= Those who wish to join this club should sign here.

Everyone attending the meeting agreed to the plan.

= Everyone who attended the meeting agreed to the plan.

(3)表_____________

an interesting story　 exciting news　 puzzling lights　 confusing rules 　disappointing results

(4)表_____________

a swimming pool　　 a walking stick　 a writing desk 　a smoking area 　a changing room

2、表语

²　　　　 My job is to teach you English.

=My job is teaching you English.

²　　　　 The news is exciting/surprising/shocking……

1、主语

²　　　　 使用不定式：it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末)

It is hard to find a true friend.

It is impolite to talk with your mouth full.

²　　　　 使用-ing

(1) 在句首时

Shopping is her best way to relax herself.

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time.

(2) 前有所有格修饰时

Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day.

The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

(3)在以下固定句型中(虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing))

It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind.

It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.

10. ---- Do you worship “The Grassland” and “The Space Dreams” by James?

　 ---- I should if _____ of them were written lively.

　 A. either　 B. each　 C. neither　 D. all

答案：B. 本题首先要突破主谓一致这一解题瓶颈。句中的谓语是were，一般情况下根据主谓一致原则，A、B、C中的代词都不能选，但D中的all是指代三个或以上的事物，而题干中只提到The Grassland和The Space Dreams两本书，因此all似乎也不对。那么唯一使这四个选项中有一个可以被选的可能性就是本句是虚拟语气，这样一来就突破了were设置的瓶颈。然后排除D，因为这项是指代三个或以上的事物，再根据题意“如果这两本数都写得生动的话，我想我会欣赏的”，排除A、C，因为either of them“随便哪一本”，neither of them“两本都不”，只有each of them表示“每本都”。

9.　 ---- Do you have _____ at home?

　 ---- No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.

　 A. something　 B. everything　

　 C. anything　 D. nothing

答案：B　 根据下句“不，还需要若干磅水果和茶叶”可知上文问的是“一切都齐全了吗？”，因此用everything，everything表示“一切事物；事事”，是单数。

8. --What is the man over there?

　　 --I don’t know for sure. But I think he can be ____ but a teacher.

A. anybody B. anything C. nobody D. nothing

答案：B　 本题考查句子的意思和短语的用法：anything but的意思是“根本不是”；结合句子，可以这样理解：“我还不能确定他的身份，但我敢断定，他根本不是教师”。