1. 短语动词的分类ww.zk5u.ecom

(1)动词+介词

常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:

We often listen to the radio.我们坚持听收音机。

Look at the picture.请看这幅画。

She looks after our children她照料我们的孩子。

(2)动词+副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:

He always get up early.他总是起得很早。

Don't forget to put on your coat.不要忘记穿上大衣。

Please wake me up at five.请在五点钟叫醒我。

(3)动词+副词+介词ww.zk5u.ecom

常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:

A doctor came up to me.医生走到我跟前。

We must go on with  the experiment.我们必须继续实验。

(4)动词+名词+介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:ww.zk5u.ecom

Pay attention to the teacher's teaching. Don't talk to each other.注意听老师讲课,不要交谈。

Her job is taking care of the patients.她的任务是照顾病人。

(5)动词+形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:

The prisoners were set free.犯人获释了。

He cut it open.他把它割开了。

(6)动词+形容词 +介词ww.zk5u.ecom

Be used to习惯于,be afraid of害怕,be different from不同于,be fond of喜欢,be angry with生气

He wasn't used to hard work.他不习惯艰苦的工作。

What are you afraid of? 你怕什么?

American football is different from the ordinary football.美国足球不同于一般足球。

(6)动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:

The May 4th Movement took place in 1919.五四运动发生于一九一九年。

I make friends with a lot of people.我和许多人交朋友。

14. --Tom, it's cold outside. ________your coat when you go out.

   --OK, Morn. [安徽省]

A. Take off     B. Take away   C. Put away     D. Put on

[答案]D 。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。因为外面冷,所以出去的时候要“穿上”外衣。

My parents and I like to __ outside after dinner. It is really relaxing. [太原市]

A. run off        B. hang out        C. dress up

[答案]B。[解析]本题主要考查动词短语的意思。A项run off意为“逃跑,流掉”;B项hang out意为“闲逛”;C项dress up意为“盛装打扮”。根据后句"It is really relaxing.”推知空格处应填hang out。

.Lots of people in our city _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses. [河南省]

A. agree with           B. worry about           C. laugh at        D. care for

[答案]D。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。 由句中的offer their seats to the old 0n bus和现实生活中就知道是“关心”“爱护”。  

They are going to __a hospital to help poor people.[07南充市]

A.write down        B. hand out             C.set up

[答案]C。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。只有set up(建立)能与宾语a hospital搭配,write down(写下)和hand out(分发)都不合适。

The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese. It's fun to ___________them.  [昆明市]

A. join           B. join in          C. take part in        D. enter

[答案]A。[解析]本题考查了四个动词(组)的辨析。 动词join多指加入某一组织;join in参加某个活动;take part in指参加某一活动,并在其中发挥作用;enter指进入某一地方或领域。由句意可知,这儿指加入到某一行列中,所以正确答案为A项。

[语法回顾]

2.同一个动词。后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词):

  常见的这些动词有:break,die,call,cut,come,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。

1)break+介词/副词的短语有:

break down击败,摧毁;发生故障,(身体)垮掉;break out爆发;break through突破,突围;break off中断,突然停止;break up打碎;分解;驱散;break in打断;break into破门而人;break away突然离开;逃脱;脱离等。

2)bring+介词的短语有:

bring about使发生;bring back拿回来,使恢复;bring down打倒,降低;bring in引进;bring out出版,生产;bring up培养,养育;bring over使相信,征服等。

3)call+介词/副词的短语有:

call after以……的名字命名;call back叫回,召回,使回忆起;call up征召入伍,给某人打电话,使想起;call on号召,拜访某人.call in召集;call off取消等。

4)come+介词/副词的短语有:

come in进来;come from;来自于……;come about产生;come over过来:come out出来,出现;come by从旁经过;come up上来,走进;come across偶遇;come along发生,进步;come after跟着……来;come back回来;come around恢复知觉;回来;come down下来,倒塌等。

[考例]

5)cut+介词的短语有:

   cut in插嘴,插入;cut across抄近路;cut back减少;cut off切断;cut up切碎,cut away砍掉;cut down砍倒,削减等等;cut out切掉,裁剪出,停止;cut throug通过,穿过等。

[考例]

6)get+介词/副词的短语有:

get about传播;走动;get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通(电话);get in进入,陷入;get on上车,进展,融洽相处;get off下车,下来;get across通过,被理解;get along进展,融洽相处;get away离开,脱身等。

[考例]Don't __while the bus is moving,or you may hurt yourself and even someone outside.[07南通市]

A.get on              B get up            C.get off          D.get in

[答案]C。[解析] 句中提到了bus,上车是get on,下车是get off,确定答案在A与C中。再由后面的someone outside(外面的人)可知,这儿说的是下车。

Wake up,Nick.It's time to____,or you'll be late for school.[温州]

A.get up          B.get back          C.get away         D.get off

答案:A解析:本题考查动词短语的用法。由题意“到了起床的时间了,尼克,否则你会迟到”,故选A。

7)give+介词/副词的短语有:

give up放弃;give in屈服,投降;give away赠送,捐赠;泄漏;give over移交,交出,give off放出,发出,排出;give out分发,散发,放出(光,热);give back归还等。

[考例]

8)go+介词/副词的短语有:

go ahead着手,开始(做),进行;go along 进展,前进;go around到处走动;顺便访问;go away离去,走开;go beyond超过;go by过去,流逝;go down下降;go up上升;go for喜欢;go off离开,停止;go over复习,温习;go through经历,穿过等。

[考例]

9)1ook+介词/副词的短语有:

look after照顾,照料;look away把目光移开;1ook around环顾;look at看;look down朝下看;look for寻找;look into调查;look out当心;look through浏览,检查;等。

[考例]--Excuse me, Mr Li, I don't know the meaning of the whole sentence. What shall I do? [成都市]

   --You'd better first _______the new words.

A. look for            B. look up         C. look through

[答案]B。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。此处look up意为“查阅”(词典等)。look for寻找;look through浏览。

Kate didn't go to the movie last night because she had to ________her sick dog at home. [陕西省]

A. look at             B. look up            C. look for            D. look after

[答案]D。[解析]考查词组的的含义。 四个选项中A项表示“看”;B项表示“仰视”或“查找”;C项表示“寻找”;而根据句意,只有D项“照看”符合题意。

10)take+介词/副词的短语有:

The plane __________at three o'clock in the afternoon. [广东省]

A. takes off         B. takes away        C. takes out         D. takes down

[答案]A。[解析]本题考查四个动词短语的区别。 题意为“飞机在下午三点钟起飞”。故应选A。take off是同定搭配,意为“脱下;起飞”等;而take away是“带走,拿走”的意思;take out意为“取出,拿出”;take down是“写下,记下”之意。

11)turn+介词/副词的短有:

turn about/round(使)向后转,回头,转身;turn against(使)反对(某人);turn away转过脸去,拒绝;turn back往回走;turn down调低,关小,拒绝;turn in上缴,上交;turn into(使)变成;turn off关掉;turn on打开;rum out'熄灭,生产;turn to求助于,转向;turn up

调高,到达,出现等。

[考例]

11)put+介词/副词的短语有:

put aside把……放在一边,积蓄;put back把……放回原处;put down放下,镇压;put forward提出,建议;put in放进;put off迟,拖延;put on穿上,戴上,增加,上演,put out生产出,出版;put up举起,张贴等。

[考例]After eight hours hard work,the firemen finally _____the forest fire.  [07连云港市] 

A.put away        B.put out             C.put down     D.put in

[答案]B。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。 put away收起来放好;put out熄灭;put down放下;put in放进去。宾语为“森林大火”,所以用put out。

12)be/get/become+过去分词/形容词+介词的短语有:

be dressed in穿着;be fond of爱好,喜爱;be lost in沉溺于;be located in位于;be addicted to沉溺于.be used to习惯于;be curious about对……好奇;be engaged in忙于……,be glad to乐意……;be convinced of确信,认识到;be aware of意识到;be worried about担心等。

[考例]

13)动词+副词+介词的短语有:

   add up to合计达;break away from从……脱离开;come up with想出;catch up with赶上;get down to开始认真地做某事;go in for参加,追求;keep away from远离;keep up with跟上;date back to追溯到;put up with忍受,容忍·;run out of用完;watch out for当心;look down upon瞧不起;go ahead with开始,着手;go along with一起去,同意;hold on to坚持等。

[考例]Though their parents work in faraway cities to make money,those“stay-home children" can ________themselves.[台州市]

 A.look out of          B come up with           C.take care of       D .catch up with

[答案]C。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。 look out of向外看;come up with想出take care of照顾catch up with赶上。句意为“虽然他们的父母在遥远的城市里工作赚钱,但那些留守的孩子能照顾好自己”。

---Do you have this kind of MP4?

---Sorry,we ____yesterday.You can come next week. [南宁市]

A.wrote them down      B. tried them on          C.took them off D .sold them out

[答案]D 。[解析]从问句可知是买MP4,所以答语为“对不起,昨天卖完了”。Write down写下来;try on试穿;take off脱下;sell out卖完。只有D项符合题意。

动词短语是高考考查的一个热点,几乎每套题中都要设置2-3个考查动词短语的。从题设上看,主要有以下几种形式:

1.不同的动词,后面加上相同的小品词

使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over,等。

1)动词+away构成的短语有:

throw away扔掉;put away把……收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;run

away,潜逃;跑开;go away走开等。

[考例]

2)动词+for构成的短语有:

answer for负责;provide for供养;call for提倡,要求;plan for打算,为……计划;hope for希望,期待;ask for请求,寻找;需要;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,

赔偿;wait for等待;look for寻找等。

[考例]

3)动词+on构成的短语有:

Try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;have on穿着,戴着;pull on穿,戴;hold on不

挂断,停止;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;go on继续;get on上(车、船);come on赶快等。

[考例]

4)动词+over构成的短语有:

come over过来;hand over移交;go over仔细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over检查;think over仔细考虑;take over接受,接管;turn over翻转等。

[考例]

5)动词+up构成的短语有:

bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎:fix up. 修理;give up放弃;go up上升,增长;grow up长大;look up尊敬;向上看;查寻;make up虚构;弥补,组成;put up举起,搭建;pick up捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,创(纪录);send up发射;show up揭露,露面;turn up出现,把……调高一点;’take up占据,开始从事等。

[考例]She has to _______some of her hobbies because she has no time to spend on them. [太原市]

A. give up          B. look up        C. pick up

[答案]A 。[解析]本题主要考查动词短语的用法。A项是“放弃”,B项是“抬头看;查询”,C项是“捡起”。根据后句意思:她没有时间花费在他们身上。推知空格处应选择“放弃”。

[临沂]

More and more foreigners want to ________their companies in China.

A.open up         B.look up          C.clean up         D.pick up

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