题目内容

1.已知$|{\overrightarrow{\;a\;}}|=3$,$|{\overrightarrow{\;b\;}}|=4$,
(1)若$({\overrightarrow{\;a\;}+2\overrightarrow{\;b\;}})•({2\overrightarrow{\;a\;}-\overrightarrow{\;b\;}})=-20$,求$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$的夹角;
(2)若$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$的夹角为60°,试确定实数k,使$k\overrightarrow{\;a\;}+\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}-\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$垂直.

分析 (1)由$(\overrightarrow{a}+2\overrightarrow{b})•(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b})$=2${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}$+3$\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}$-2${\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}$=-20,能求出$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$的夹角.
(2)由$(k\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b})(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b})$=$k{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}+(1-k)\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}-{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}$=0,能求出k.

解答 解:(1)∵$|{\overrightarrow{\;a\;}}|=3$,$|{\overrightarrow{\;b\;}}|=4$,$({\overrightarrow{\;a\;}+2\overrightarrow{\;b\;}})•({2\overrightarrow{\;a\;}-\overrightarrow{\;b\;}})=-20$,
∴$(\overrightarrow{a}+2\overrightarrow{b})•(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b})$=2${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}$+3$\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}$-2${\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}$
=2×9-2×16+3×3×4×cos<$\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}$>=-20,
∴cos<$\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}$>=-$\frac{1}{6}$,
∴<$\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}$>=arccos(-$\frac{1}{6}$)=$π-arccos\frac{1}{6}$.
∴$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$的夹角为$π-arccos\frac{1}{6}$.
(2)∵$|{\overrightarrow{\;a\;}}|=3$,$|{\overrightarrow{\;b\;}}|=4$,$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$的夹角为60°,$k\overrightarrow{\;a\;}+\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$与$\overrightarrow{\;a\;}-\overrightarrow{\;b\;}$垂直,
∴$(k\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b})(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b})$=$k{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}+(1-k)\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}-{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}$=0,
∴9k+(1-k)×3×4×cos60°-16=0,
解得k=$\frac{10}{3}$.

点评 本题考查向量的夹角的求法,考查实数值的求法,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意向量数量积公式的合理运用.

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