ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
2£®µªÑõ»¯ÎNOx£©¡¢SO2ºÍCO2µÈÆøÌå»áÔì³É»·¾³ÎÊÌ⣮¶Ôȼú·ÏÆø½øÐл¯Ñ§·½·¨´¦Àí£¬¿ÉʵÏÖÂÌÉ«»·±£¡¢½ÚÄܼõÅÅ¡¢·ÏÎïÀûÓõÈÄ¿µÄ£®£¨1£©ÀûÓü×Íé´ß»¯»¹ÔNOx£º
CH4£¨g£©+4NO2£¨g£©¨T4NO£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H1=-572kJ•mol-1
CH4£¨g£©+4NO£¨g£©¨T2N2£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=-1160kJ•mol-1
д³ö¼×Í齫NO2»¹ÔΪN2²¢Éú³ÉÆøÌ¬Ë®Ê±µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽCH4£¨g£©+2NO2£¨g£©=N2 £¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-954kJ•mol-1£®
£¨2£©¹¤ÒµÉÏÀûÓÃCO2Éú³É¼×´¼È¼ÁÏ£¬·´Ó¦Îª£ºCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-49.0kJ•mol-1½«6mol CO2ºÍ8mol H2³äÈëÈÝÆ÷Ϊ2LµÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬ºãÎÂÏ£¬H2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ËæÊ±¼ä±ä»¯Èçͼ1ʵÏßËùʾ£¨Í¼ÖÐ×ÖĸºóµÄÊý×Ö±íʾ¶ÔӦ׸±ê£©£®
¢Ù¸Ã·´Ó¦ÔÚ0min¡«8minÄÚCO2µÄƽ¾ù·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊΪ0.125 mol•L-1•min-1£®
¢Ú½ö¸Ä±äijһÌõ¼þÔÙ½øÐÐʵÑ飬²âµÃH2ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿±ä»¯Èçͼ1ÐéÏßËùʾ£®ÓëʵÏßÏà±È£¬ÇúÏߢñ¸Ä±äµÄÌõ¼þ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÉýΣ¬ÇúÏߢò¸Ä±äµÄÌõ¼þ¿ÉÄÜÊǼÓѹ£®
£¨3£©·´Ó¦£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©¡÷H=-129.0kJ/mol¿ÉÓÃÓںϳɼ״¼£®°´ÕÕÏàͬµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Í¶ÁÏ£¬²âµÃCOÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏÂµÄÆ½ºâת»¯ÂÊÓëѹǿµÄ¹ØÏµÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇCD£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©
A£®Î¶ȣºT1£¾T2£¾T3
B£®Õý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£º¦Í£¨a£©£¾¦Í£¨c£©¡¢¦Í£¨b£©£¾¦Í£¨d£©
C£®Æ½ºâ³£Êý£ºK£¨a£©£¾K£¨c£©¡¢K£¨b£©=K£¨d£©
D£®Æ½¾ùĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿£ºM£¨a£©£¾M£¨c£©¡¢M£¨b£©£¾M£¨d£©
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬Ksp£¨BaCO3£©=2.5¡Á10-9£¬Ksp£¨BaSO4£©=1.0¡Á10-10£¬¿ØÖÆÌõ¼þ¿ÉʵÏÖÈçϳÁµíת»»£º
BaSO4£¨s£©+CO32-£¨aq£©?BaCO3£¨s£©+SO42-£¨aq£©
¸Ã·´Ó¦Æ½ºâ³£ÊýKµÄ±í´ïʽΪ£ºK=$\frac{c£¨S{{O}_{4}}^{2-}£©}{c£¨C{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}$£¬ÓûÓÃ1L Na2CO3ÈÜÒº½«0.01mol BaSO4È«²¿×ª»¯ÎªBaCO3£¬ÔòNa2CO3ÈÜÒºµÄ×î³õŨ¶ÈÓ¦²»µÍÓÚ0.26 mol/L£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙCH4£¨g£©+4NO2£¨g£©¨T4NO£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H1=-572kJ•mol-1
¢ÚCH4£¨g£©+4NO£¨g£©¨T2N2£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=-1160kJ•mol-1
¢ÛH2O£¨l£©¨TH2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=+44kJ•mol-1£¬
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£º£¨¢Ù+¢Ú£©¡Â2-¢Û¡Á2¿ÉµÃCH4£¨g£©+2NO2£¨g£©=N2 £¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆË㣻
£¨2£©¢Ù´ÓͼÏó¿ÉÖª0¡«8minÄÚH2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·´Ó¦ÁË6mol£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ£¬Ôò0¡«8minÄÚCO2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿±ä»¯Îª2mol£¬ÔÙÓÉv=$\frac{¡÷c}{¡÷t}$¼ÆË㣻
¢ÚÇúÏߢñ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ƽºâºóµÄÇâÆø±ÈÔÆ½ºâº¬Á¿¸ß£¬ËµÃ÷·´Ó¦ÄæÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬ÇúÏߢò·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ƽºâʱÇâÆøº¬Á¿½µµÍ£¬ËµÃ÷·´Ó¦ÕýÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬½áºÏÓ°Ï컯ѧƽºâµÄÒòËØ·ÖÎö¿ÉµÃ£»
£¨3£©A£®¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÔ½µÍ£¬×ª»¯ÂÊÔ½µÍ£»
B£®a¡¢cζȲ»Í¬£¬b¡¢dѹǿ²»Í¬£¬Î¶ÈÔ½´óѹǿԽ´ó£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì£»
C£®KÖ»ÓëζÈÓйأ¬Î¶ÈÔ½¸ß£¬·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦µÄKԽС£»
D£®ÖÊÁ¿²»±ä£¬COµÄת»¯ÂÊÔ½´ó£¬Æ½ºâºóÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ô½Ð¡£¬ÔòMÔ½´ó£»
£¨4£©BaSO4ת»¯ÎªBaCO3£¬BaSO4 £¨s£©+CO32- £¨aq£©?BaCO3 £¨s£©+SO42- £¨aq£©£¬¸ù¾ÝK=$\frac{c£¨S{{O}_{4}}^{2-}£©}{c£¨C{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}$£¬Qc=c£¨SO42-£©•c£¨Ba2+£©¡ÜKsp£¨BaSO4 £©£¬BaSO4ÍêÈ«Èܽ⣬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆË㣮
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙCH4£¨g£©+4NO2£¨g£©¨T4NO£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H1=-572kJ•mol-1
¢ÚCH4£¨g£©+4NO£¨g£©¨T2N2£¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=-1160kJ•mol-1
¢ÛH2O£¨l£©¨TH2O£¨g£©¡÷H2=+44kJ•mol-1£¬
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£º£¨¢Ù+¢Ú£©¡Â2-¢Û¡Á2¿ÉµÃCH4£¨g£©+2NO2£¨g£©=N2 £¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-954kJ•mol-1£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH4£¨g£©+2NO2£¨g£©=N2 £¨g£©+CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-954kJ•mol-1£»
£¨2£©¢Ù´ÓͼÏó¿ÉÖª0¡«8minÄÚH2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·´Ó¦ÁË6mol£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ£¬Ôò0¡«8minÄÚCO2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿±ä»¯Îª2mol£¬ËùÒÔ0¡«8minÄÚCO2µÄƽ¾ù·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊΪ$\frac{2mol}{2L¡Á8min}$=0.125 mol•L-1•min-1£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.125 mol•L-1•min-1£»
¢ÚÇúÏߢñ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ƽºâºóµÄÇâÆø±ÈÔÆ½ºâº¬Á¿¸ß£¬ËµÃ÷·´Ó¦ÄæÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬ÇúÏߢò·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ƽºâʱÇâÆøº¬Á¿½µµÍ£¬ËµÃ÷·´Ó¦ÕýÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿìÇÒÆ½ºâ·¢ÉúÒÆ¶¯µÄÓÐÉýκͼÓѹ£¬·´Ó¦ÊǸö·ÅÈÈ¡¢ÆøÌåÌå»ý¼õСµÄ·´Ó¦£¬Éý¸ßζȣ¬Æ½ºâÄæÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬·ûºÏ¢ñ£¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬·ûºÏ¢ò£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÉýΣ» ¼Óѹ£»
£¨3£©A£®¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÔ½µÍ£¬×ª»¯ÂÊÔ½µÍ£¬ÔòζȣºT2£¾T2£¾T1£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®a¡¢cζȲ»Í¬£¬b¡¢dѹǿ²»Í¬£¬Î¶ÈÔ½´óѹǿԽ´ó£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì£¬ÔòÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£º¦Í£¨a£©£¼¦Í£¨c£©¡¢¦Í£¨b£©£¾¦Í£¨d£©£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®KÖ»ÓëζÈÓйأ¬Î¶ÈÔ½¸ß£¬·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦µÄKԽС£¬Ôòƽºâ³£Êý£ºK£¨a£©£¾K£¨c£©¡¢K£¨b£©=K£¨d£©£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®ÖÊÁ¿²»±ä£¬COµÄת»¯ÂÊÔ½´ó£¬Æ½ºâºóÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ô½Ð¡£¬ÔòMÔ½´ó£¬Ôòƽ¾ùĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿£ºM£¨a£©£¾M£¨c£©¡¢M£¨b£©£¾M£¨d£©£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCD£»
£¨4£©CO32-+BaSO4=BaCO3+SO42-£»K=$\frac{c£¨S{{O}_{4}}^{2-}£©}{c£¨C{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}$=$\frac{Ksp£¨BaS{O}_{4}£©}{Ksp£¨BaC{O}_{3}£©}$=$\frac{1¡Á1{0}^{{-}^{10}}}{2.5¡Á1{0}^{-9}}$=0.04£»
c£¨SO42-£©=0.01 mol/L£¬$\frac{0.01}{c£¨C{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}$¡Ü0.04£¬c£¨CO32-£©¡Ý0.25+0.01=0.26mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º$\frac{c£¨S{{O}_{4}}^{2-}£©}{c£¨C{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}$£»0.26 mol/L£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâµÄÓйؼÆËã¼°Ó°Ï컯ѧƽºâµÄÒòËØ£¬ÈܶȻý³£ÊýµÄÓ¦Óã¬ÌâÄ¿×ÛºÏÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬ÒªÇóѧÉú¶Ô»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶µÄÁé»îÔËÓÃ
| ʵÑé±àºÅ | c£¨HA£©/mol•L-1£© | c£¨NaOH£©/mol•L-1 | »ìºÏºóÈÜÒºµÄpH |
| ¼× | 0.2 | 0.2 | pH=a |
| ÒÒ | b | 0.2 | pH=7 |
| ±û | 0.2 | 0.1 | pH£¼7 |
| ¶¡ | 0.1 | 0.1 | pH=c |
| A£® | ¼×ÖУºÈôa=7£¬ÔòHAÊÇÇ¿Ëá | |
| B£® | ÒÒÖУºÈôb¡Ù0.2£¬Ôòc£¨A-£©=C£¨Na+£© | |
| C£® | ±ûÖУºÈôHAÊÇÈõËᣬÔò$\frac{c£¨C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}£©}{c£¨C{H}_{3}COOH£©}$£¼1 | |
| D£® | ¶¡ÖУºÈô c=9£¬Ôòc£¨OH-£©-c£¨HA£©=10-9mol/L |
| A£® | ÌÇÀà¡¢ÓÍÖ¬¡¢µ°°×ÖʵÄË®½â²úÎï¶¼ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ | |
| B£® | ÕáÌÇ¡¢ÂóÑ¿ÌǵķÖ×Óʽ¾ùΪC12H22O11£¬¶þÕß»¥ÎªÍ¬·ÖÒì¹¹Ìå | |
| C£® | ¼×ÍéºÍCl2µÄ·´Ó¦ÓëÒÒÏ©ºÍBr2µÄ·´Ó¦ÊôÓÚͬһÀàÐ͵ķ´Ó¦ | |
| D£® | ÒÒ´¼¡¢ÒÒËá·Ö×ÓÖоùº¬ÓйÙÄÜÍÅ-OH£¬ËùÒÔ¾ùÄÜÓëNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦ |
| A£® | Fe+CuSO4¨TFeSO4+Cu | B£® | 2KClO3$\frac{\underline{\;MnO_{2}\;}}{¡÷}$2KCl+3O2¡ü | ||
| C£® | S+O2$\frac{\underline{\;µãȼ\;}}{\;}$SO2 | D£® | NaOH+HCl¨TNaCl+H2O |
| A£® | 2-Âȶ¡ÍéÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ¡¢ÒÒ´¼ÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þϵÄÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦ | |
| B£® | ÒÒϩͨÈëäåË®Öеļӳɷ´Ó¦ | |
| C£® | ׯÈȵÄÍË¿²åÈë×ãÁ¿ÒÒ´¼ÖеÄÑõ»¯·´Ó¦ | |
| D£® | ±½·ÓÓë×ãÁ¿µÄÇâÆøÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þϵļӳɷ´Ó¦ |
| A£® | ÌմɵÄÉÕÖÆ | B£® | »î×ÖÓ¡Ë¢ÅŰæÊõ | ||
| C£® | ±ÞÅÚºÍÑÌ»¨µÄȼ·Å | D£® | ˾ĸÎ춦±íÃæ³öÏÖÍÂÌ |
| »¯Ñ§ÐÔÖÊ | ʵ¼ÊÓ¦Óà | |
| A | SO2¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ | ÓÃSO2Ư°×Ö½½¬ |
| D | Fe3+¾ßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÕ | ÁòËáÌú¿ÉÓÃ×÷¾»Ë®¼Á |
| C | άÉúËØCÒ×±»ÑõÆøÑõ»¯ | ÓÃ×÷ʳƷ¿¹Ñõ»¯¼Á |
| D | H2O2ÊÜÈÈ»ò¹âÕÕÒ×·Ö½â | Ë«ÑõË®ÓÃ×÷Ò½ÁÆÉϵÄÏû¶¾¼Á |
| A£® | A | B£® | B | C£® | C | D£® | D |
| A£® | Cu2+¡¢Na+¡¢SO42-¡¢Cl- | B£® | Ca2+¡¢NH4+¡¢HCO3-¡¢NO3- | ||
| C£® | NO3-¡¢Fe2+¡¢Ca2+¡¢H+ | D£® | Mg2+¡¢Na+¡¢OH-¡¢NO3- |