题目内容
15.阅读理解材料:把分母中的根号去掉叫做分母有理化,例如:①$\frac{2}{{\sqrt{5}}}=\frac{{2\sqrt{5}}}{{\sqrt{5}•\sqrt{5}}}=\frac{{2\sqrt{5}}}{5}$;②$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{2}-1}}=\frac{{1×(\sqrt{2}+1)}}{{(\sqrt{2}-1)(\sqrt{2}+1)}}=\frac{{\sqrt{2}+1}}{{{{(\sqrt{2})}^2}-{1^2}}}=\sqrt{2}+1$等运算都是分母有理化.根据上述材料,
(1)化简:$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}}$
(2)计算:$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{2}+1}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}}+…+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{9}}}$
(3)$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{2}+1}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}}+…+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}}$.
分析 (1)直接找出有理化因式,进而分母有理化得出答案;
(2)利用已知分别化简各二次根式,进而求出答案;
(3)利用已知分别化简各二次根式,进而求出答案.
解答 解:(1)$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}}$=$\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}$=$\sqrt{3}$+$\sqrt{2}$;
(2)$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{2}+1}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}}+…+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{9}}}$
=$\sqrt{2}$-1+$\sqrt{3}$-$\sqrt{2}$+$\sqrt{4}$-$\sqrt{3}$+…+$\sqrt{10}$-$\sqrt{9}$
=$\sqrt{10}$-1;
(3)$\frac{1}{{\sqrt{2}+1}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}}+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}}+…+\frac{1}{{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}}$
=$\sqrt{2}$-1+$\sqrt{3}$-$\sqrt{2}$+$\sqrt{4}$-$\sqrt{3}$+…+$\sqrt{n}$-$\sqrt{n-1}$
=$\sqrt{n}$-1.
点评 此题主要考查了分母有理化,正确找出有理化因式是解题关键.
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