1．该时态由“should或would +动词原形”构成，第一人称用should，其它人称用would(在美国英语中第一人称也常用would)。

一般过去将来时主要表示从过去某时看将要发生的事或存在的状态。时间的出发点是过去。该时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。而主句的谓语动词常常是过去时间或有过去完成时。例如：

My brother told me that he would be back on Saturday.我哥哥告诉我他星期天回来。

He said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this morning.他说会议将在今天早晨九点半开始。

No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.没有人知道哪个国家将举行下次奥林匹克运动会。

[考点知识归纳]　　　　　　 　　　 动词的语态(Voice)

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

5．用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1)　两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。

2) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.当我听到这个消息，我非常兴奋。

3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.我们老师告诉我们哥伦布在1492年发现美洲。

4、过去完成时还可用在hardly......when......，no sooner...... than......， it was the first(second，...... etc) time (that)......等固定句型中。例如：

Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到又走了。

It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。

3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。

He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。

They came earlier than we had expected.他们到得比我们预料的要早。

I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。

2．过去完成时主要用于以下几种情况:

1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。

2)状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

3)表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

1．该时态由“had +过去分词”构成。

过去完成时主要表示在过去某时前或某一动作发生之前，已发生的动作或已经存在的状态。它强调“过去的过去”的动作。它也用来表示在过去的时间内，两个动作的一先一后。先完成的那个动作要用过去完成时，后一个动作要用一般过去时。

该时态由“have+过去分词”构成。第三人称单数作主语用“has+过去分词”的形式。

1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。

I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. 我买了一辆时速自行车。

They have cleaned the classroom. 他们已经打扫了教室。

2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完

成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。

We have lived here since 1995. 自从1995我就住在这儿。

They have waited for more than two hours. 他们等了两个多小时。

3)一般过去时与现在完成时区别

(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

(3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

4)用于现在完成时的句型　

1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

5)since和for区别

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：

I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。

I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

6) 某些瞬间意义动词leave, go, become, come, stop, buy, join, die, get up, fall asleep, fall ill, .......等，不能用它们的现在(或过去)完成时态+ for+时间累计数来表示行为持续长度。若要表示这方面的意思时，可采用如下方法：

a.将瞬间动词改为“be+ 形容词或副词”的结构，然后用这一结构的现在完成时态+ for+ 具体时间累计数。常见的这类结构：

get up→be up，become→be，stop→be over, die→be dead, join→be in, leave→be away(out), go→be out,

come →be back, fall asleep→be asleep，fall ill→be ill.......

b. 瞬间动词的一般过去时+ 时间累计数 + ago ；

c.使用It is + 时间累计数 +　 since + 主语 + 谓语(用瞬间动词的一般过去时表示)。因此“雨已经停了三小时了” 这句话可分别译作：

It rain has been over for three hours.

The rain stopped three hours ago.

It is three hours since the rain stopped.

It is five years since she became(瞬间意义动词) my wife.她和我结婚已五年了。

4.表示稍后一点儿的安排

The students are studying Unit 3 this week, and next week we'll be studying Unit 4.这星期我们学第三单元，下周我们将学第四单元。

My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai.我的任务在7月结束，之后我会回上海。　

3.用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌

Will you be reading anything else? 你还要看点儿什么吗？

When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面？

2.表示原因、结果或猜测

Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I'll be having a meeting.请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。(表原因)

Stop the child or he will be falling over.抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。(表结果)

You will be making a mistake.你会出错的。(表推测)