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3、现在进行时可用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示将来的时间状语)用于这种情况的动词主要有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,lunch,return,dine,play,have,wear, get(to)等。例如:

Bob is coming with me to the airport.鲍勃将同我一道到机场来。

How long are you staying in Xi'an? 你将在西安呆多久?

We're having a holiday next Monday.我们将在下星期一放假。

2)be+ dying ,表示“病危”“即将死亡”。例如:

He is dying.他快要死了。

3)现在进行时还可表示一个经常性动作或状态。这时,或是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹、埋怨、厌烦、批评、不满等)或是为了强调情况的暂时性。这时,可以与always, often等副词连用。例如:

How are you feeling today? 你今天觉得怎么样? (这比How do you feel today?更显得亲切些。)

She is always thinking of helping others.她总是想着帮助别人。(表示“赞扬”)

He is always borrowing money.他老是向别人借钱。(表示“厌烦”)

4)有些表状态的动词不 能用于进行时的动词。

这一类通常是表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思维等的动词。如:

(1)表示感觉的动词:see, hear,smell,taste,feel, notice, look, seem, appear。例如:

The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来不错。

This flower smells nice. 这花闻上去很香。

Your suggestion sounds reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。

(2)表示感情的动词:hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse,forgive;

Your clothes need washing.你的衣服需要洗了。

 How I wish I were a bird!我多希望我是一只鸟啊!

(3)表示存在状况:be, exist, remain,stay, obtain;

She still continues in poor health. 她仍然身体很差。

Every day after finishing his homework, he goes on to do some reading. 他每天做完作业后,都会继续看会儿书。

(4)表示占有与从属:have, possess, own, contain,belong, consist of,form;

 This backpack belongs to me.这背包是我的。

(5)表示思考、理解understand, know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember

I don't think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。

I still remember the days when we studied together.我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。

注意 :有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。

She's understanding you better now. 她越来越了解你了。

5)在由while引起的状语从句中,动词通常要用进行时(现在进行时、过去进行时等)。例如:

While you are resting, I will read you today's news.当你休息的时候,我看你今天的报纸。

While I was having my breakfast the morning post came.当我正在吃早饭的时候,早班邮件送来了。

6)如果句中有look, listen等提示语,其后应考虑使用现在进行时。例如:

Look! The children  are flying kites over there.看!孩子们正在那边放风筝。

Listen! Han Mei is singing an English song in the classroom.听!韩梅正在教室里唱英语歌。

1) 一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称,主要见于英国英语,现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中,shall和will常缩写成“'ll”,紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't。

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

When will you know your exam results? 你什么时候能知道考试结果?

I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long.我看得出你很忙,所以我不会呆太久的。

注意:在you and I或both of us等短语后,只用will,不用shall。

You and I will arrive there next Monday.我和你下周一都要到达那里。

Both of us will graduate from middle school next year.我们俩明年中学毕业。

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 表示经过事先考虑与打算、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。例如:

I ' m going to finish the report this afternoon.今天下午我将会写完这份报告。

--What are you going to do when you grow up?长大以后你打算干什么?

--I ' m going to be a teacher. 我要当一名教师。

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

b.表示根据某种迹象推测出即将发生的动作。例如:

Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It ' s going to rain. 瞧那天上的乌云,天要下雨了。

Watch out!We are going to crash!当心!我们要撞车了!

There is going to be a lot of difficulty in doing this. 做这件事会有许多困难。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

The new railway is to be opened to traffic on National Day. 这条新铁路将在国庆节通车。

We are to begin the experiment next month. 我们安排下个月开始这项试验。

4)  be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.我们就要离开,所以现在没有时间去看他。

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算旅行,你最好尽快作好准备。

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.既然你愿意脱了你的衣服,我们在镜子前面试一试新衣服。

 be to do和be going to 区别

be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.  明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

5)一般现在时表将来

(1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间

上已定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

(2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

(3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

(4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass.不要担心这次考试,我确信你会通过的。

I wonder what will happen.我不知道将会发生什么事。

I don't think the test will be very difficult.我想这次测验不会太难。

(5)用于“祈使句 + and /or + 陈述句”中

Work hard and you will succeed.如果你努力,就会成功的。

Go at once and you will see her.马上去,你就会见到她了。

6)用现在进行时表示将来  ww.zk53u.ecom

表示最近按计划、安排即将发生的动作,它只限用于少数动词,如:play, have, sleep, wear等, 或表示位移的动词(短语),如:go, come, leave, start, begin, move, drive, fly(乘飞机),go off, get to, arrive, return, see off, stay, take(带走),take off(起飞)等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用,如:tomorrow, next week, in a few days等。例如:

We are having an English evening tonight. 今晚我们要开一个英语晚会。

Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days’ time. 简和贝蒂准备几天后各自去度假。

Where are you spending your holidays this summer?今年夏天你将在哪里度假?

一般现在时主要用来表示每天、每周等经常一直如此,长期进行下去的动作,其着眼点不在描述具体的动作,而是通过提出不断反复的动作,来说明某一真理或某一经常性习惯性的举动。

一般现在时的几种主要用法:

1)一般现在时表示客观事实、客观存在的普遍真理、用于一般现在时的时间状语常见的有:often, usually,always,sometimes, seldom,ever,never,every day(week,month,year), once a year,now and them,from time to time。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

2)表示格言或警句

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

3)表示现在习惯性的、经常重复的或定期发生的动作或存在的状态。

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

We go to school every day except on Sunday.除星期天外,我们每天都上学。

4)表示能力、性格、个性等。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

注意:1)表示“感觉”和“状态”或“关系”等的动词(如be,like,love,hate,want,think,remember,find,sound,forget,refuse,see,allow,prove,have,matter,taste,look,feel)常用一般现在时,不用现在进行时。例如:

Carl and Wang Bing are students.卡尔和王斌是学生。

In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar.在晚上,我喜欢坐在篝火旁弹着吉他。

2)有时用这个时态表示“按计划、规定,时刻表”要发生的动作,句中(都带有时时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。例如:

The meeting begins at seven.会议在七点钟开始。

The train leave at 17:40.火车17:40离开。

3)书报的标题、小说、戏剧、图片等情节介绍常用一般现在时。例如:

China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功

Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow劳拉•布什抵达莫斯科ww.zk53u.ecom

Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.弗朗西斯穿过去,把球传给姚明,姚明跳起来,接住球投进篮里。

4) 在由if, unless, even if等引导的条件状语从句和在由when, before, after, until, till, as soon as, by the time, each time, the moment, immediately等引导的时间状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如:

I'll come to help you if I'm free tomorrow.如果我明天有空的话,我将帮助你。

Unless you try, you will never succeed. 你若不尝试,就决不会成功。

Next time I go there, I ' ll ask him about it. 下次我去那里时,我要问问他这件事。

Please let me know immediately you get the results. 你一得到结果,就请马上告诉我。

I'll telephone you as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就打电话给你。

When they leave school, they will go back to the country.他们离校将去农村。

另外,还要注意其动词形式的变化。该时态主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,be和have有特殊的变化形式。例表如下:

构成
示例
读音说明
一般情况在词尾末加-s ,包括以“元音字母+y”结尾的词
work-works
run-runs
play-plays
-在清辅音后读[s],
在浊辅音后读[z]
在元音后读[z]
在以ch,sh,x,s等辅音字母结尾的词末加-es,如词尾为-e,只加-s
miss-misses
finish-finishes
teach-teaches
lose-loses
pledge-pledges
-es读[iz]
以o结尾的词加-es
go-goes
-es在元音后读[z]
如词尾为 e,只加-s
love-loves
hate-hates
make-makes
-s的读音取决于 e 前的辅音,如该字母是清辅音,则读[s],如是浊辅音则读[z]
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,在加-es
study-studies
-ies读[iz]

在词尾加-s时要按下表规则进行:

动词情况
构成方式
例词
一般情况
加-ed
play-played, work-worked,look-looked
以 -e 结尾的动词
加-d
live-lived,hope-hoped, arrive-arrived
以辅音字母 -y 结尾的动词
变y为i加-ed
study-studied,cry-cried,reply-replied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词
双写辅音字母加-ed
stop-stopped,regret-regretted,
pat-patted,nod-nodded,drag-dragged
不规则动词
不规则变化(见附表)
begin-began,

注意:以t,d结尾的动词加-s读作[ts],[dz],这两个辅音音素。而不是四个。例如:

want-wants, need-needs

7.被动语态考查

-Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.  

–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet. (江西)

A. don’t tell          B. didn’t tell          C. haven’t told        D. wasn’t told

[答案]:D

[命题立意]:本题考查时态的用法。

[试题解析]:依据句意:对不起,但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去,I 和tell之间是被动关系。

Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear. (上海)

A. pull down         B. will be pulled down  C. will pull down      D. are pulled down

[答案]:B

[命题立意]:本题考查时态和语态的用法。

[试题解析]:由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态,句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。

--- My watch ______.   

--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found. (浙江)

 A. is lost          B. is broken            C. has found    D. has stopped

[答案]:A

[命题立意]:本题考查交际用语中时态、语态的用法。

[试题解析]:由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知,说明表丢失了。故选A。

---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?

  ---No, I___________. (年湖北宜昌)

  A. am not invited       B. wasn’t invited      C. haven’t invited      D. didn’t invite

[答案]:B

[命题立意]:本题考查时态和语态的用法。

[试题解析]:由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生,I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。

-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?  (南通)

-- Once a year.

A. does; hold      B. was; hold        C. is; held         D. did; hold

[答案]:C

[命题立意]:本题考查时态和语态的用法。

[试题解析]:How often+一般疑问句?此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如:always, seldom, usually, once a month,

sometimes, every five minutes.等提问,常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语,谓语应用被动语态。故选C。ww.zk523u.ecom

On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. (泰州)

  A. sell         B. sold       C. is sold       D. was sold

[答案]:D

[命题立意]:本题考查时态和语态的用法。

[试题解析]:由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去;其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。

The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" _____  by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. (徐州)

A. has been regarded  B. are regarded  C. has regarded  D. regards

[答案]:A

[命题立意]:本题考查时态的用法。

[试题解析]:依据题意: “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,应用现在完成时。其主语是The "Thousand- hand Guanyin",要用被动语态。故选A。

-Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. 

-Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou. (杭州)

  A. painted B. were painting   C. were painted    D. had painted

[答案]:C

[命题立意]:本题考查被动语态的用法。

[试题解析]:they指代Those eggs of different colors,主语是物,故用被动语态。依据结构,应选C.。

------Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish    into the dustbin.”

  -------Sorry. (2004年襄樊市)

 A, has throw     B,  was throw     C,  must throw    D  , must be thrown

[答案]: D

[命题立意]:本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法。

[试题解析]:依据句意:垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”,句子主语是垃圾,应用被动语态。

[语法回顾]ww.zk53u.ecom

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