eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.

　 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。

判断方法：

1、　 可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外)，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2、　 要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。

1、　 标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。

eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall.　　 Can you tell me which bus I should take?

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。

eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)

　 I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)

[注意]当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。

Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)

Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)

陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.

2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

3、　 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

　 I wonder where he got so much money.

[注意]1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。

eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents.

2、　 连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。

eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

　 He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

　 ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

1、　 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

8．-Where is Jack？

　 -He is away to spend his holiday．He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I'm not sure _____　 ．(南昌市)

　 A．that

　 B．which

　 C．where

　 D．there

Key:

宾语从句与中考试题　 1-4 D A A D 5-8 C A C C