1．被动语态
1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词
2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词
因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after,
think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。
The children were taken
good care of by her. 孩子们得到了她的细心照顾。
[注意]短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。
3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make,
observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师叫我到教师外面。
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the
teacher). 我被老师叫到教师外面。
4) 主动形式表示被动意义
a.如wash, clean,
look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：
The food tastes good.这食物味道很好。
The book sells well.这书很畅销。
b.表示“发生，进行”之类不及物动词如：happen，last，take
place， break out，go on，
go by， move on等，以主动式表示被动含义。例如：
You'd better wait and see what happens to
him.你最好等着瞧他会发生什么事。
Will the weather last long? 这种天气会持续很久吗？
c.be + 副词或介词短语，如be on， be on show， be on sale，
be in(out of) sight，
be under discussion等，这类副词或介词短语往往具有动词含义，相当于被动语态表达的意义。例如：
Summer wear is on sale.(=Summer wear is being sold.)夏季衣服正在出售。
The film had been on for five minutes when I
got to the cinema.(=The film had been show when I got
to the cinema.)我到电影院时电影已放映了五分钟。
[语法过关]