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4.think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等表示“认为”、“猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句

1)否定转移

   在以上动词之后的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定含义,却不用否定形式,而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式,这就叫否定转移。

I don't think the book is worth buying.我认为这本书不值得买。

I don't believe they have finished their work.我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。

I don't suppose he cares.我猜想他们不会介意的。

We don't expect they will have everything done.我们希望他们没有把事全做完。

2)存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时,具有如下特点:

   在宾语从句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等,主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时,反意疑问句应针对主句。

You don't think he can finish his work, do you?  你认为他不能完成他的工作,是吗?

He doesn't believe that we have come back,does he? 他认为我们还没回来呢,是吗?

   但是如果主句主语是第一人称时,反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致,并注意否定转移。

I don't think you are an actor,are you? 我认为你不是一个演员,是吗?

I suppose you have been to Beijing,haven't you ?我想你去过北京。是吗?

   另外,当think ,suppose,believe,imaging,guess这类表示“认为”、“猜想”的动词作主句谓语时,常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。

What do you think he is? 你认为他是做什么的?

How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事?

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。表示“是否”,二者通常可以互换。例如:

Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在这儿。

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。

但语义有点区别:

1)whether强调犹豫和选择,多见于书面语中;if 只限于条件,常用于口语。例如:

Write and tell me whether I'm to come.  请写信告诉我,我是否该来。

Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如果我该来,请写信告诉我(相当于说:若我不必来,那就不用费心写信给

我了。)

2)whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句,if 只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从

句,首先要弄清楚是宾语从句,还是条件状语从句,然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句,谓语动词

应用一般现在(过去)时代替一般将来(过去将来)时。例如:

If you don't go soon, you’ll be late.如果你不马上去就会迟到。

当if引导一个非真实条件句时,从句的谓语动词应用过去式(如果是be, 则不论主语的人称和数,一律用

were),主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。例如:

If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救(的知识),许

多生命就会得以挽救。

3)whether和if都可以与or no连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开,而whether与or not可连用,也可隔

开。例如:

Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell  me whether the train has left or not?)你能告诉

我火车是否离开了吗?

I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。

4)下列情况,只用whether作引导词:

引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如:

Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.他来不来与我无关。

I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my  approval..我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。

What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。

Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我们是走还是留,其结果是一样的。

5)与不定式连用:例如:

I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。www.zk5u.co

6)在介词后作介宾。例如:

I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.他问谁的书法最好。

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗?

I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚了。

I can't imagine why he did that thing.我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。

Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗?

 以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句,分别为:why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序,故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两

组句子:

How much does this coat cost? 这件衣服值多少钱? www.zk5u.co

I want to know how much this coat costs.我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。

Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?

Please tell me where you went yesterday.请告诉我你昨天去哪儿了。

   当疑问代词what,who在特殊疑问句中做主语时,该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序,所以当该句用来做宾语时,语序不需要调整。

What's wrong with you? 怎么了?

He asked the girl what was wrong with her.他问这个女孩怎么回事了。

What's the matter? 怎么了?

He asked the girl what was the matter.他问这个女孩怎么了。

What has happened to him? 他发生什么事了?

We want to know what has happened to him.我们想知道他发生了什么事。

同类句式还有:Who broke the window? 谁打破的窗户?

Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里?

What made him so angry.什么使得他如此生气。

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