当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom",且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定;根据先行词的特殊用法而定。
[考例]Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? (湖北黄石)
A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which
[答案]:C
[命题立意]:本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。
[试题解析]:先行词为the young lady,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语,介词with 可以放在关系代词之前,故应选C。
[语法回顾]
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(when, where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间,起联系的作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词、副词 |
作用 |
先行词 |
例句 |
that, who, whom(只做宾语) |
主语、宾 语、表语 |
人 |
Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a
tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗? |
that,which |
主语、宾 语、表语 |
物、时 间、地 点、原 因 |
She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 |
whose |
定语 |
人物 |
The boy whose father is a doctor studies
very hard.他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 |
when |
状语 |
时间 |
I still remember the day when you leave for
Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 |
where |
状语 |
地点 |
This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈 工作的学校。 |
why |
状语 |
原因 |
Could you explain the reason why you were
late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? |