[考例]--Linda, I am very thirsty.

  --Let's go to the nearest supermarket      some drinks, OK? [重庆]

A. buy           B. bought             C. to buy          D. buying

[答案]:C。[解析]考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为:“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”

In order ________the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.[乐山]

A. makes           B. making              C. to make              D. make

[答案]:C。[解析]考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。in order to do sth.表示“为了……”的意思,不定式作目的状语。故选C。

一There goes the bell.

一It's time for class. Let's stop_________.[福州市]

A. talk           B to talk            C.talking              D.not talk

[答案]C[解析] 动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语,即:stop to do sth,也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语,即:stop doing sth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后面的动作,后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了,到了上课时间,应停止交谈”可知,应选C项。

[语法回顾]www.zk5u.co

   动词不定式

动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。其主动式有一般式、进行时、完成式和完成进行式。其被动式、进行式和完成式。如下表:

时态\语态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done

动词不定式主动式的句法功能

1、动词不定式作主语

当动词不定式作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数。例如:

To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事,做是另一回事。

To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/

It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/

It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)

当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语,以使句子保持平衡。例如:

It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。

It is not difficult to work out the problem.弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。

It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。

It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。

1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:

  It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:

  It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

原则上,所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语,其区别是:不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成和被动。

[考例]Alice asked me      another bag for her. [北京市课标卷]

A. get              B. got              C. to get            D. getting

[答案]:C。[解析] ask sb.to do sth.表示让某人做某事,此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”

Our parents often tell us not      alone in the river in summer. [长沙]

A. swim         B. to swim        C. swimming

[答案]:B。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sb.to do sth.表示告诉某人做某事,tell后边要加不定式,否定形式是在to前面加not,根据题意,应选B。

---What did your sister say to you last night?

---She asked me _________my father her secret.[绍兴] www.zk5u.co

A. to tell not         B. not to tell         C. don’t tell          D. not tell

[答案]:B。[解析] tell sb.to do sth.表示告诉某人做某事,tell后边要加不定式,否定形式是在to前面加not,根据题意,应选B。

Betty is often seen _______the old man with his housework.[咸宁]

A. help             B. to help               C. helped            D. helps

[答案]:B。[解析]考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to,look at,feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中,动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时,不定式就成了主语补语,作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。

Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them __________ how much they mean to us. [哈尔滨]

A. to know         B. knowing        C. know

[答案]:C。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人……”,故选C。

---How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?

---It makes us ________proud.[包头]

A. feel            B. to feel            C. felt            D. feeling

[答案]:A。[解析] 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to,look at,feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中,动词不定式不带to。故选A。

13.It took my daughter two weeks ________the novels _______by Yand Hongying.[潍坊]

A. read; written           B. to read; written     C. reading; to write        D. to read; wrote

[答案]:B。[解析] It takes +sb.+some time +to do sth.表示花费多长时间做某事,novel与write的关系是动宾关系,应用过去分词,表示被动。故答案为B。

Drivers are warned ________when they are tired.[佛山]

A. to drive              B. not drive          C. not to drive

[答案]:C。[解析]考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。故选C。

If you want to know _______the mobile phone, you’d better read the instructions first.[大连]

A. how to use         B. how to make           C. where to mend      D. where to buy

[答案]:A。[解析] 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手机的话,你最好先看一看说明书。”故选A。

China will spend about 52 billion yuan ____new airports and __old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期).[07临沂市]

A.repairing; building      B to build;repair       C.building;repairing     D.to repair;build

[答案]C[解析]本题主要是考查动词spend的用法。spend...doing something意为“花费……做某事”,由此可排除B、D两项。再从句意上看,应是“修建”新机场,“维修”旧机场。

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