2. According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _______.

A. before birth　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. as soon as one’s teeth are newly set

C. sometime after new teeth are set　　　 D. around 15 years old

1. Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance _______.

A. has little to do with culture　　

B. has much to do with culture

C. is ever changing　　　　　　

D. is different from place to place

4. The purpose of the passage is to _______.

A. convince readers that spiders are dangerous　

B. indicate that the grass water spider is endangered

C. list all of the spiders that can be found in New Zealand

D. describe the characteristics of the grass water spider

(10)

Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks-we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.

3. The passage tells us that the spider ______.

A. feeds grass and thistles to its young.　　B. lives on blades of grass under the water

C. lives in the grass on the banks of streams　D. eats a meal once every five weeks

2. the writer describes the special spider as “special” because _______.

A. it walks on water　　　　　　　　　　 B. it has eight eyes　

C. of its hairy appearance　　　　　　 D. of the way it produces its young

1. How does the grass water spider kill its prey?

A. in a web　　 B. by drowning　　　 C. by poisoning 　　 D. with its antennae

4. In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.

A. unusual　　　　　　 B. simple　　　　　　　 C. weak　　　　　　　　 D. slow

(9)

Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water.

This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed.

Although it is one of the largest spiders in New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn’t disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple(波纹) when it skims(掠过) across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey.

Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.

After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming(修饰) itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae(触角), and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body.

It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles(泡沫) of air so that the spider can run down a blade(叶片) of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater.

It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac(囊), which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web.

3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?

A. The food they eat in space.　　　　　　　　　　 B. The drinks they take in space.

C. The temperature in space.　　　　　　　 D. The gravity in space.

2. Scientists have found that _______.

A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts

B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies

C. astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss

D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel

1. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.

A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts

B. they were not interested in their own astronauts

C. the Russian government invited them to do their research

D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time