1. ---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ______. I’ve told him already.

A. needn’t 　 　 　 　B. wouldn’t 　 　 　 C. mustn’t 　 　 　D. shouldn’t

7. would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…　 宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。例如：

　 　① If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

　② I would rather stay here than go home. 　 　我宁可呆在这儿也不愿回家。

= I would stay here rather than go home.　

⑻ 　情态动词的回答方式

问句　　 　 　 　肯定回答　　否定回答

Need you…?　Yes, I must.　　No, I needn't/don't have to.

Must you…?　　　　　　

典型例题

① ---Could I borrow your dictionary?

　 ---Yes, of course, you____.　

　 A. might　B. will　 C. can　 D. should

答案C。 could表示语气的委婉，并不表示时态。答语中的of course，表示语气的肯定，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。

[注意] will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

② ---Shall I tell John about it?

　 ---No, you ___. I've told him already.

　 A. needn't　B. wouldn't　C. mustn't　D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't　不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

情态动词基础训练

6. 用作情态动词的其他短语

would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may 　(just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：

① The soldier would sooner die than surrender. 　 那士兵宁死不屈。

② I’d rather walk than take a bus. 　 　我宁愿步行也不愿乘车。

③ If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home. 　 如果你不想游泳，你也可以呆在家里。

[注意]这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如

① I would rather you came on Sunday. 　 我宁可你星期天来。

② I would sooner he hadn’t asked 　 但愿他没问。

5. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do

used to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；be used to +v-ing / 　n(名词)意为“习惯于”；be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。

used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：

① He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t. 　 他过去吸烟，现在不吸了。

② He’s quite used to hard work / working hard. 　 他习惯于埋头苦干。

③ The knife is used to cut bread. 　 这把刀是用来切面包的。

4. can 和 may

考试中主要测试can，may或could，might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答

can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can还具有“有能力”的意思，而may与might则不具此意。例如：^

① According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow. 　 据气象预报，明天可能下雨。

② Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong. 　 任何一位有头脑的人都能看出他错了。

May I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如：

　 　③ ---May we leave now? 　 　我们可以走了吗？

---No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet. 　 不行，你们还没完成工作呢。

3. would和used to

used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。例如：

① People used to think that the earth was flat.过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。)

② She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.

在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。)

used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。例如：

① He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 　 过去他写东西时常抽烟。

② She used to be fat. 　 她过去很胖。

2. must和 have to

must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别：

must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。^

have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。

在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to，因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如：

① You must come to the classroom before eight. 　八点前你必须来教室。

② It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now. 　虽然外面下着大雨，可我还是得走了。

③ ---Must we do it now? 　 　我们必须现在做吗？

---No, you needn’t. 　 不，不必。

1. can 和be able to

情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。例如：

① Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 　 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。

用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was / were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。例如：

② He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t feel like it that day. 　他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。

③ Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 　 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。

3. would和used to

1)used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。

People used to think that the earth was flat.

过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。)

She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.

在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。)

2)used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。

He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 　 过去他写东西时常抽烟。

She used to be fat. 　 她过去很胖。

◆ 考题剖析

例题1. I didn't hear the phone. I ________ asleep. (NMET 89)

A. must be 　 　 B. must have been 　 　 　 C. should be 　 　 D. should have been;

答案 B 　从原题中的I didn't hear the phone．这一信息可以判断出，用must have

done表示对过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。

例题2. Tom ought not to 　 　 　 　 　 　 me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET93)

　 　 　 　 　 A. have told 　 　 B. tell 　 　 　C. be telling 　 　 　D. having told

答案 A 　 该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”

例题3. I was really anxious about you. you 　 　home without a word. (NMET2001)

A. mustn't leave 　 　 　 　 　 　 B. shouldn't have left

C. couldn't have left 　 　 　 　D. needn't leave.

答案 B 　shouldn't have done为不该做了某事。

例题4. ---Could I borrow your umbrella, please?

　 　 　 　---I’m afraid you _______.

　 　 　 A. could 　 　 　 　 B. can 　 　 　C. couldn’t 　 　 　 　D. can’t

答案 D 　此题极易错选C。其实could在问句中表示请求，为了语气的委婉和客气才用过去式，而答句必须按照实际情况回答，故选can’t，以求和I’m afraid(在此表示婉拒)一致。

例题5. ---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

　 　 　 　---______.`

　A. I don't　 B.　I won't　 C. I can't　D. I haven't

答案 B　 will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，故选B。

例题6. ----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather　B. would you rather　　 C. will you rather　 D. should you rather

答案 B 　 本题考查情态动词would rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

◆思考

几组情态动词的辨异

2. must和 have to语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站特供

must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。

I told her that she must give up smoking. 　我叫她必须戒烟。

We had to get everything ready that night. 　我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。"