1. 情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法

1) 情态动词+动词完成式

情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done分词”,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。

must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示。  例如:  

① Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.

② He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.

③ The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?

当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do。例如:

④ He must understand that we mean business.

⑤ You must be hungry after a long walk.

may / might have done表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:

⑥ I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.

could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测。例如:

⑦ You could have told us earlier.

⑧ Tom could have taken the dictionary.

ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如:

⑨ With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.

⑩ You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.

needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为“本没必要…”。例如:

⑾ You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.

[注意]表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:

    ⑿ ---I wonder how Tom knew about your past.  

---He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.

2) 情态动词+动词进行式

情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + doing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如:

① He must be playing basketball in the room.

② She may be staying at home.

3) 情态动词+动词完成进行式

情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如:

① They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.

② He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.|

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