70. If many older physicians stop working in the coming years, Americans will have .
A. even less access to medical services B. even better patient care
C. a shortage of younger physicians D. more job opportunities
PART FOUR WRITING
Section A (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Losing weight is difficult, and keeping it off may be even harder. So Harvard researchers set out to determine exactly how much physical activity women need in midlife to avoid gaining weight as they age.
The researchers found that an hour of moderate activity a day - including such recreational activities as brisk walking, leisurely bicycling, ballroom dancing and playing with children - prevented women of normal weight from gaining more than five pounds over any three-year period. Half that amount of vigorous activity, like running, jogging or fast biking, will do the trick as well, they said.
Women who got the same amount of exercise but were heavier to start with were not able to avoid gaining weight, however. Neither were women of normal weight who got less than seven hours a week of moderate activity, according to the study, published in the March 24 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.
The average weight gain over the course of the 15-year study, which followed 34,079 healthy women with an average age of 54 at the beginning, was just over five pounds. The researchers did not take diet into account.
“It’s so hard to lose weight and maintain the loss, so whatever weight you are, you should try to stay that weight - that is a success,” said the paper’s lead author, Dr. I-Min Lee, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health.
But any amount of exercise is beneficial, she emphasized. “People shouldn’t just throw up their hands and say, ‘Sixty minutes? I can’t do that,’ and give up. Health is more than weight.”
Title: A research on how to 71
|
72 |
To determine how much physical activity women need in
midlife to avoid gaining weight as they age |
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73 [来源:] |
Research objects |
74 |
Types of exercise |
Weight gain |
|
Women 75 |
An hour of moderate activity a day |
● Brisk walking ● Leisurely bicycling ● 76 ● Playing with children |
77 five pounds over a three-year period |
|
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Half an hour of vigorous activity a day |
● Running ● Jogging ● 78 |
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Less than 79 a week of moderate activity |
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Not being avoided |
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Heavier women |
The same as the
above |
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Suggestions |
● Staying your weight ● 80 |
Section B (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span(视幅). The length of time of which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.