16.6 wish的用法 1)用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 　　　　　　　 真实状况　wish后　　 　 从句动作先于主句动词动作　现在时　过去时 (be的过去式为 were)　　　　　　　　 　 从句动作与主句动作同时发生　过去时　过去完成时 (had + 过去分词)　　　　　　　　　 将来不大可能实现的愿望　　将来时　would/could + 　　　　　　　　　　动词原形　　 　I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。 　He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 　I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2)Wish to do表达法。 　 Wish sb / sth to do 　 I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 　 I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)

16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： 　　(1)suggested It is　 (2)important　　that…+ (should) do 　　(3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,　 demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange a pity,　 a shame,　 no wonder (3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 　 It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2)在宾语从句中的应用 　在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 　 I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 　 He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 　注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 　 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.　 　判断改错: 　(错)　You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. 　 (对)　 Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 　 (错)　 I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. 　 (对)　 I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 　在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。 　 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. 　 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装

　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 　 Were they here now, they could help us. 　=If they were here now, they could help us. 　 Had you come earlier, you would have met him 　=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.　 　 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 　=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 　 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 　 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 　 如果我是你，就会去找他。 　 If he were here, everything would be all right. 　 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 　_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I 　 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

16.3 混合条件句

　 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 　 (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) 　If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

16.2 非真实条件句

1)时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a.　 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句　　　主句 　　一般过去时　　should( would) +动词原形 　 If they were here, they would help you. b.　 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句　　　 主句　　　 　　过去完成时　　 should(would) have+ 过去分词 　 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.　 　 The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.　 　 If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. 　 If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 　 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. 　 If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 　 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.　

c.　 表示对将来的假想 　句型：　 条件从句　　　 主句 　　 一般过去时　　　 should+ 动词原形 　　 were+ 不定式　　 would + 动词原形 　　 should+ 动词原形 　If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 　If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 　If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 　

16.1 真实条件句

　真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 　 　时态关系 句型： 条件从句　　 主句 　 一般现在时　 shall/will + 动词原形 　If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 　The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.　 A.　will rain　 B. rains　 C. rained　 D. is rained 　答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. 　(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. 　(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 　2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。 　Most of his money is spent on books. 　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 　 Many a person has read the novel.　许多人都读过这本书。 　 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

虚拟语气

15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。 　 All is right.　　 (一切顺利。) 　 All are present.　(所有人都到齐了。) 2) 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。 　 His family isn't very large.　他家不是一个大家庭。 　 His family are music lovers.　他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 　 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 　Are there any police around? 3)有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。 　A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 　The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 　A number of books have lent out. 　The majority of the students like English.

15.4 谓语需用单数

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 　 Each of us has a tape-recorder. 　 There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 　 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 　 <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3) 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) 　 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 　 Ten yuan is enough.

15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

　 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 　 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 　 He as well as I wants to go boating.