ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
5£®Ð¡ËÕ´ò¡¢Î¸ÊæÆ½¡¢´ïϲ¶¼Êdz£ÓõÄÖкÍθËᣨHCl£©µÄÒ©Î£¨1£©Ð¡ËÕ´òƬÿƬº¬0.5gNaHCO3£¬2ƬСËÕ´òƬºÍθËáÍêÈ«Öкͣ¬±»Öк͵ÄH+ÊÇ0.012mol£®
£¨2£©Î¸ÊæÆ½Ã¿Æ¬º¬0.245gAl£¨OH£©3£®ÖкÍθËáʱ£¬Ã¿10Æ¬Î¸ÊæÆ½Ï൱1.57ƬСËÕ´ò£®
£¨3£©´ïϲµÄ»¯Ñ§³É·ÖÊÇÂÁºÍþµÄ¼îʽÑÎ[Al2Mg6£¨OH£©16CO3•4H2O]£®È¡¸Ã¼îʽÑÎ3.01g£¬¼ÓÈë2.0mol•L-1ÑÎËáʹÆäÍêÈ«Èܽ⣬¼ÆË㣺Éú³ÉCO2µÄÌå»ý£¨±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£©£»¼ÓÈëÑÎËáµÄÌå»ý£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ¼ÆË㣻
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝAl£¨OH£©3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O¼ÆËã10Æ¬Î¸ÊæÆ½ÖкÍHClÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÖкÍHClÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ¼ÆËã10Æ¬Î¸ÊæÆ½Ï൱СËÕ´òµÄƬÊý£»
£¨3£©¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢AlCl3¡¢MgCl2£¬¸ù¾Ý̼Ô×ÓÊØºã¼ÆËã¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ìå»ý£¬¸ù¾ÝÂÈÀë×ÓÊØºã¿ÉÖªn£¨HCl£©=3n£¨AlCl3£©+2n£¨MgCl2£©£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆËã¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÌå»ý£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©2ƬСËÕ´òƬÖк¬ÓÐ̼ËáÇâÄÆµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º0.5g¡Á2=1g£¬
Éè±»Öк͵ÄHClÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªn£¨HCl£©£¬Ôò£º
NaHCO3 +HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü
84g 1mol
1g n£¨HCl£©
n£¨HCl£©=$\frac{1mol¡Á1g}{84g}$¡Ö0.012mol£¬
Ôòn£¨H+£©=n£¨HCl£©=0.012mol£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.012£»
£¨2£©10Æ¬Î¸ÊæÆ½ÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Îª10¡Á0.245g=2.45g£¬
Al£¨OH£©3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O
78g 3mol
2.45g x
ËùÒÔx=$\frac{3mol¡Á2.45g}{78g}$¡Ö0.094mol
Ôò10Æ¬Î¸ÊæÆ½Ï൱ÓÚСËÕ´òµÄƬÊýΪ£º$\frac{0.094mol}{\frac{0.012mol}{2}}$=1.57
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1.57£»
£¨3£©3.01g Al2Mg6£¨OH£©16CO3•4H2OµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª$\frac{3.01g}{£¨54+24¡Á6+17¡Á16+60+18¡Á4£©g/mol}$=0.005mol£¬¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢AlCl3¡¢MgCl2£¬
¸ù¾Ý̼Ô×ÓÊØºã£¬Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Îª0.005mol£¬±ê¿öÏÂÌå»ýΪ0.005mol¡Á22.4L/mol=0.112L£¬
¸ù¾ÝÂÈÀë×ÓÊØºã¿ÉÖªn£¨HCl£©=3n£¨AlCl3£©+2n£¨MgCl2£©=3¡Á0.005mol¡Á2+2¡Á0.005mol¡Á6=0.09mol£¬
¹Ê¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÌå»ýΪ$\frac{0.09mol}{2mol/L}$=0.045L=45mL£¬
´ð£ºÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ìå»ýΪ0.112L£¬¼ÓÈëÑÎËáÌå»ýΪ45mL£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄ»ù±¾¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬ÌåÏÖÁË»¯Ñ§ÔÚÉú»îÖеÄÓ¦Óã¬ÓÐÀûÓÚÅàÑøÑ§ÉúµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢Àí½âÄÜÁ¦¼°»¯Ñ§¼ÆËãÄÜÁ¦£®
| A£® | C2H6ÓëC3H8ûÓÐͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì壬CH2O2ÓëC2H4O2ÊôÓÚͬϵÎï | |
| B£® | Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¡¢µí·Û¡¢µ°°×ÖÊ¡¢ÒÒÏ©¶¼ÄÜÓëË®·¢ÉúË®½â·´Ó¦ | |
| C£® | Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕ14gº¬ÑõÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪaµÄÒÒÏ©¡¢ÒÒÈ©»ìºÏÆøÌ壬ÔòÉú³ÉË®µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª18£¨1-a£©g | |
| D£® | È«½µ½âËÜÁÏ£¨ |
| A£® | »¯Ñ§Ãû³ÆÎªÒÒ´¼ | B£® | Ò×»Ó·¢ | ||
| C£® | ³£ÓÃ×÷ÓлúÈܼÁ | D£® | ²»Äܱ»ËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÑõ»¯ |
| A£® | 5%ÕáÌÇÈÜÒº | B£® | 75%ÒÒ´¼ÈÜÒº | ||
| C£® | 0.5mol/LNaClÈÜÒº | D£® | 1mol/LNaClÈÜÒº |
| A£® | ͬÎÂͬѹÏ£¬µÈÖÊÁ¿µÄSO2ºÍCO2ÃܶȱÈΪ11£º16 | |
| B£® | ͬÎÂͬѹÏ£¬µÈÖÊÁ¿µÄSO2ºÍCO2Ìå»ý±ÈΪ1£º1 | |
| C£® | µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÇâÆøºÍº¤ÆøÔÚͬÎÂͬѹϾßÓÐÏàµÈµÄÖÊ×ÓÊý | |
| D£® | ±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂÆøÌåĦ¶ûÌå»ý¾ÍÊÇ22.4L |
| A£® | ̼Ëá¸ÆÊÜÈÈ·Ö½â | B£® | ÒÒ´¼È¼ÉÕ | ||
| C£® | ÑÎËáÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÖÐºÍ | D£® | Ñõ»¯¸ÆÈÜÓÚË® |