主语(subject):
句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in
the east.
(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a
short time in history. (数词) Seeing
is believing. (动名词)
To see is to
believe. (不定式) What he
needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear
that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
谓语(predicate):
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study
English. He
is asleep.
宾语：1)动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. (名词) He hates
you. (代词)
How many do you
need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the
old and the poor. I enjoy
working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you
again. (不定式) Did you write down what
he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of
the snake? Under
the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book
yesterday. Give
the poor man some money.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Miss Yang is a
chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the
third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there
is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my
sister. (介词)
The boys playing
football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted
last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to
do it well. (不定式)
You should do
everything that I do. (定语从句)
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there
tomorrow.
The meeting
will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad
because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study
hard so that he failed in the exam. I like
some of you very much.
If you study hard,
you will pass the exam. He
goes to school by bike.
Though he is young,
he can do it well. The
teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him
monitor. (名词) We
all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them
happy. (形容词) We
found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please
make yourself at home. 介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised
him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the
lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired.
(过去分词)
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected
monitor.
She
was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to
teach the lazy boy a lesson.
表语(predicative):
系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He
is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four!
You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is
ten. (数词) He is
asleep.
(形容词)
His father is
in. (副词) The
picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone /
missing / lost.
(形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is
to say I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)
The question is
whether they will come.
(表语从句)
(常见的连系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来),
feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来),
taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉) ...等等)
It
sounds a good idea.
The
sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds
sweet.
Tom
looks thin.
The food smells
delicious.
The
food tastes good.
The door remains
open.
Now
I feel tired.
