How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after a slumber party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.

Genes are stretches of DNA that work like an instruction manual for our cells. Genes tell our bodies and brains what to do. People have about 40,000 genes, and each gene can have different forms. So, for example, certain forms of some genes make your eyes blue. Other versions of those genes make your eyes brown.

In a similar way, new research suggests that a gene called period3 affects how well you function without sleep. The discovery adds to older evidence that period3 helps determine whether you like to stay up late or get up early.

The period3 gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.

Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of period3. Study participants had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.

Results showed that the people with the short form of period3 performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning. That's the time when truck drivers and other night-shift workers say they have the most trouble concentrating.

After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests took about 18 minutes to nod off.

People with the long period3 gene, by contrast, fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time in deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form.

1.We can know from the passage that genes can not ________.

2.Which of the following statements about the period3 is wrong?

3. People with the short form of period3__________.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

It was a merry afternoon at the hall. A toy car race was being held, and the final round is a few minutes away. There were only four __36__ left and it was the rule of the game that the toy cars had to be their own handmade.

Among the players __37__ one child whose toy car looked pretty simple. Many of the audience __38__ the toy car's ability to race against the other three. Even so, the owner wasn't less __39__ of his own __40__.

　 When the race started, they pushed and ran along with the car as fast as they could. __41__， the least magnificent?looking toy car __42__ the finish line first. The champion was then asked by the organizer before __43__ his award, “I saw you praying before the final round __44__. You must have prayed to God that you may win, didn't you？” The champion replied, “That was not __45__ I prayed for. I thought it was unfair to ask God to help me __46__ the other players. I only prayed that God __47__ help me not to cry if I lose.”

　 We often pray that our wish may be granted, but do we __48__ that sometimes our wishes are just the __49__ to what the others may pray for? Does God side on one but not __50__？ Would it be appropriate __51__ us to be joyful while the other person might be __52__ and disappointed?

　 In our lives, there are __53__ things more important than just winning or losing. Wouldn't it be better for us to accept whatever the __54__ may be? Be it a defeat or a win, we can still __55__ to be happy.

36．A.judges B．participants

C．lookers?on　　　 D．journalists

37．A.there had　　 B．there were　 C．was　 D．were

38．A.believed　　 B．guaranteed　　 C．considered　　 D．doubted

39．A.proud　　　 B．disappointed　 C．satisfied　　　　 D．ashamed

40．A.recreation　　 B．discovery　　　　 C．creation　　　　 D．collection

41．A.Fortunately　　 B．Surprisingly

C．Expectedly　　 D．Disappointedly

42．A.broken　　　　 B．felt　　　　　　 C．tapped　　　　 D．touched

43．A.receiving　　 B．winning　　　　 C．accepting　　　 D．offering

44．A.cancelled　　 B．finished　　　　 C．paused　　 　　D．started

45．A.how　　　　 B．what　　　　　 C．when　　　　　 D．where

46．A.defeat　　　 B．lose　　　　　　 C．match　　　　　 D．win

47．A.need　　　　 B．ought　　　　　 C．would　　　　 D．should

48．A.remember　　 B．realize　　　 C．remind　　　　 D．recognize

49．A.opposite　　 B．familiar　　　 C．same　　　　　 D．different

50．A.another　　　 B．others　　 C．the other　　　 D．the others

51．A.with　　　　 B．to　　　　　　 C．of　　　　　　　 D．for

52．A.harming　　 B．suffering　　　 C．hurting　　　 　D．ruining

53．A.no　　　　　 B．few　　　　　 C．many　　　　　 D．none

54．A.results　　　 B．influences　　 C．effects　　　　　 D．awards

55．A.struggle　　 B．stick　　　　　 C．prefer　　　　　 D．choose

Donald had his own difficulties in sleeping that night. Not just because of the bright lights of the shelter or people’s constant voices, it was the happening repeatedly nightmare that caused him to stay awake, to fear sleep. Donald was back in his small house. He did his best to ignore the howling winds outside his window. Yet he could not turn out the fearful whimpers (呜咽) of his little dog, or the uncomfortable sounds of his mother anxious in her room next door, unable to sleep through the storm despite her insistence they would be all right.

Donald did not want his mother to be upset, but on some level, he was glad to hear she was awake, It meant he was not alone in the dark. Though he was 12, until recently it was impossible for Donald to fall asleep unless his mother lay down by his side.

Suddenly there was a crash. Their living room window is shattered (打碎) by 125 miles an hour winds. Troy rushed to Donald and sat anxiously on the edge of his bed. He did his best to calm his mother, and she had to comfort him. Soon water was seeping (渗入) into the single floor house. Quickly it rose from ankle level to leg level. At Donald’s insistence, they pushed their way through the water --- now chest high --- toward the front door. When they fought their way into the living room, water rose to their chins.

It was a struggle for the boy and mother to stay afloat. In a total panic, desperate to hold on to something, Troy caught a curtain rod. She was breathing hard, shouting that she couldn’t swim.

Donald cried out, “Mom! Hold on!” Just then Donald also caught a floatable wood board.

1.The passage is mainly about _____.

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story?

3.Which phrase can describe Troy’s feelings at the beginning of the storm most suitably?

4.What will the author most probably talk about next?

About one million years ago,the Ice Age began.The Ice Age was a long period of time in which four great glaciers(冰川) pushed southward to cover almost all the upper half of North America,and then melted away.Each glacier was a thick sheet of ice and snow that spread out from a center near what is now Hudson Bay in Canada.The winters were long,and the cool summers were too short to melt much of the ice and snow.The ever?growing sheet built up to a thickness of two miles at its center.

As all glaciers do,these great glaciers slid(滑动). They pushed down giant trees in their paths and scraped(刮削)the earth bare(光秃秃)of soil.Many animals moved farther south to escape.Others stayed and were destroyed.

When winters of little snow came,the summer suns into the edges to the ice sheets.As the glaciers melted,rocks,soil and other things that had mixed with the ice and snow were left.New hills,lakes and rivers were formed.

The last of the great glaciers began its melting about 11 000 years ago.Itsmelting formed the Great Lakes.These lakes are today little changed from their early sizes the glaciers.This is the Mississippi Missouri Ohio system.These rivers were miles wide at first.Through the years they settle into their present channels.

The main idea of this passage is  ________ .

A.the Ice Age was a long period of time        

B.great glaciers covered North America many years ago        

C.changes in climate helped to melt the glaciers        

D.how glaciers changed North America       

2.The author states that all glaciers ________.

A.are two miles thick           B.form frozen lakes        

C.are a million years old      D.move and slide   

3.From the information in this passage we know that  ________.

A.glaciers are destructive        

B.all glaciers in the world move southward        

C.the Mississippi Missouri Ohio systems is larger than it was before the Ice Age        

D.the Great Lakes are now smaller than they were before the Ice Age

4.The Ice Age lasted almost ____.

A.1 000 years      B.100 years      C.1 000 000 years      D.11 000 years  

5.In the last sentence,the word “their” refers to  ________ .

A.lakes            B.rivers         C.glaciers             D.systems

A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper for a boy to work in his office. Out of the nearly fifty men who come to apply, the man selected one and dismissed the others.

   “I should like to know,” said a friend, “the reason you preferred that boy, who brought not a single letter—not a recommendation (介绍信)，”

   “You are wrong” said the gentleman. He had a great man. He wiped his feet at the door and closed the door after him, indicating that he was careful. He gave his seat immediately to that old man, showing that he was kind and thoughtful. He took off his cap when he came in and answered my questions, showing that he was polite and gentlemanly.

   “ All the rest stepped over the book which I had purposely put on the floor.” He picked it up and placed it on the table; and he waited quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding.

    When I asked to him, I noticed his tidy clothing, his neatly brushed hair, and his clean fingernails. “ Can’t you see that these things are excellent recommendations? I consider them more significant than letters.”

A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper___________

   A. in order to hire an office boy         

B. so as to dismiss the others

   C. in order to select one among the fifty applicants 

D. so as to select one and dismiss the others

The underlined word “indicating” probably means ________.

   A. that is  B. and of course  C. so  D. suggesting

___________ was the very person the gentleman preferred.

   A. He who has a great many letters  

B. He who had no letters

   C. He who wiped his feet before entering the room

   D. he who was careful, kind , polite and thoughtful

The gentleman dismissed the other boys because_________.

A. they didn’t pick up the book lying on the floor

B. they pushed and crowded  

C. they were impolite     

D. all the above

According to the passage, we know that the gentleman hired the boy______.

   A. not by his letters but by his good manners  

B. by the relationship between them

   C. by the feelings                        

D. by his letters